CN100479958C - Cutting tool and method for cutting material - Google Patents
Cutting tool and method for cutting material Download PDFInfo
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- CN100479958C CN100479958C CNB2005800080448A CN200580008044A CN100479958C CN 100479958 C CN100479958 C CN 100479958C CN B2005800080448 A CNB2005800080448 A CN B2005800080448A CN 200580008044 A CN200580008044 A CN 200580008044A CN 100479958 C CN100479958 C CN 100479958C
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
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- 230000036346 tooth eruption Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 23
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
Tool for cutting materials with a rotatable body having a rotation axis and cutting edges for cutting the material during movement of the body in a first direction parallel to the rotation axis. In order to stabilise the tool during cutting the cutting edges comprise inner cutting edges laying on a first surface of revolution which is in the first direction higher at a larger diameter and lower at a smaller diameter. The invention includes methods for using the tool.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cutter that is used for cutting material.The shortcoming that known cutting tool has has: when cutting during asymmetric cutting tip, cutting tool often on perpendicular to the direction of rotation slippage to the side.This causes the problem that precision is not enough, and requires material to process under low cutting speed and/or feed rate.
Especially, the present invention relates to a kind of design as the cutting tool of end mill(ing) cutter, yet wherein, described end mill(ing) cutter is configured for axial milling especially, promptly in working angles along axial feed.
Background technology
Axially milling is for making especially effectively cutting operation of dark pit, the dark pit of the above-mentioned manufacturing corresponding lot of materials of need planing.
Common end mill(ing) cutter only is used for a spot of axial feed, and simultaneously main direction of feed will so that produce the pit of arbitrary shape on workpiece, for example have the groove of the width that is equal to or greater than milling cutter diameter perpendicular to the axis of cutter.Usually during the use side milling cutter, the latter will laterally move, so that produce the groove that has corresponding to the degree of depth of original axial direction feeding depth then at first by the certain a small amount of degree of depth of axial feed.Another kind of method of operating is axial simultaneously and traverse feed, thereby makes the inclined bottom ramped surfaces, and wherein, axial feed speed is generally less than traverse feed speed.Can repeat these steps, so that increase the degree of depth of groove, up to reaching the final degree of depth, wherein, traverse feed always just takes place after the axial feed of correspondence or takes place therewith.
Yet, the axial depth of pit is compared big situation with its horizontal and vertical size under, the result increases the operation of trench depth by step-by-step movement specific efficiency is low mutually with being similar to the operation that repeats to hole, wherein, the axial feed of cutter makes, just obtain the ultimate depth of the hope of pit immediately by axial feed cutter only, repeating said steps again cutter has been removed then transverse shift in the hole after then, so axial feed takes place once more.In case being shifted, cutter during the quantity of the diameter that is equal to or greater than cutter, will mill out an independent circular hole.Yet, this will be corresponding to the operation that gets out many adjacent circular holes, wherein, because drilled hole is clogged by cutter self substantially, so drilling operation may have the concrete shortcoming about chip removing, maximum feed rate must remain on very little, shifts out so that guarantee the chip pocket of enough smear metals by corresponding drill bit.Correspondingly, enough stable at milling cutter so that withstand under the situation that causes the horizontal force of side direction slippage on perpendicular to rotation, the transverse shift that corresponding milling cutter produces between each axial feed step is less than tool diameter, particularly even less than half of tool diameter.Correspondingly, when each axial feed step,, process and cut the sickleshaped part more or less of workpiece from circular hole.Under the sort of situation, even chip pocket is not very wide, even and the axial dimension of chip pocket may be less than the axial depth of the pit of making, the part of the former processing of pit also can provide enough spaces, be used for receiving and removing smear metal, and this is impossible occur for common drilling operation.Therefore, under the situation of corresponding milling machine operation, can use such milling cutter, this milling cutter has quite short chip pocket, and have axial ratio with the short cutting tip of the degree of depth of the pit of its manufacturing at the front end of cutter, this can produce such effect, and promptly the shaft portion of the cutter that begins from next-door neighbour's cutting end part is stable more and rigidity is bigger, and can stand cross cutting power better, this cross cutting power often may make cutter deflection on the straight axial feed direction.
Yet, so far, also can not provide mainly to be designed for the diameter that carries out axial milling as previously mentioned and have and to be lower than 30 millimeters and be lower than 30 millimeters a lot of corresponding milling cutters.This is because such fact, if promptly the cutter of prior art diameter less than 30 millimeters or even use when quite a lot of less than 30 millimeters, when the sickleshaped part of milling workpiece, hard and tough and tensile workpiece stainless steel for example particularly, the asymmetry effect power that is applied on the cutter is so powerful, so that make that the diameter have will be to the side and perpendicular to the step-by-step movement travel direction deflection of cutter less than 30 millimeters plain cutter, make that the pit that the produces precision that will become is not enough.
Summary of the invention
In view of the foregoing, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cutting tool, particularly a kind of design is mainly used in the milling cutter of axial milling, it is more stable in operation, and only stand a spot of cross cutting power, even asymmetric axial milling is axial milling machine operation when taking place also is that so wherein, material processed is not to be evenly distributed on the cross section of cutter.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of cutter that is used for cutting material comprises: the rotatable body with rotation; And cutting edge, this cutting edge is used at described body along the first direction that is parallel to described rotation cutting material between moving period, wherein, described cutting edge comprises inner cutting edge, this inside cutting edge is arranged on first rotary surface, this first rotary surface is being higher than the major diameter place on first direction, and be lower than the minor diameter place, it is characterized in that, the outside cutting edge that diameter is bigger than described inner cutting edge is arranged on second rotary surface, this second rotary surface is being lower than the major diameter place on first direction, and be higher than the minor diameter place, and first rotary surface and second rotary surface intersect at a circle place, and described inner cutting edge and described outside cutting edge extend to this circle.。Work in-process, inner cutting edge will produce the stabilization power that prevents lateral sliding on cutting tool, make to obtain processing more accurately under higher cutting speed and/or feed rate.
Because the cutting edge at the front end place of milling cutter can obtain stablizing effect, so even the rigidity of handle of a knife is still also very important, but also become comparatively unessential factor, this can produce such effect, promptly Dui Ying milling cutter even be lower than 30 millimeters much and particularly in the scope of 2.5-30 millimeter the time at tool diameter can be used for asymmetric milling machine operation.For bigger size, though cutting edge formed according to the present invention be not must take place but also be very favourable so that guarantee the enough accuracy of the structure that produces by cutter.In addition, even have bigger diameter, used the cutter of favorable characteristics of the present invention will stand less mechanical stress and correspondingly reduce vibration and wearing and tearing.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the outside cutting edge that the diameter of described cutter is bigger than described inner cutting edge is arranged on second rotary surface, this second rotary surface is being lower than the major diameter place on first direction, and is being higher than the minor diameter place.By this way, rotary cutting tool is further stablized during cutting.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, first rotary surface of described cutter and second rotary surface intersect at a circle place, and described inner cutting edge and described outside cutting edge extend to this circle.By this way, the active force on cutting edge is just more stable.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the described diameter of a circle of described cutter is at least half of maximum gauge of described outside cutting edge.This will guarantee that inner cutting edge produces enough stabilization power on body.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, first rotary surface and/or second rotary surface of described cutter are tapers.This helps for example sharpening cutting edge by grinding.
In another one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cone-apex angle of first rotary surface of described cutter and the cone-apex angle of second rotary surface are about equally.By to first cone and the given roughly the same drift angle of second cone, will have similar shape from the next smear metal of material cutting, this makes to handle and is more prone to.
In another one preferred embodiment of the present invention, near described outside cutting edge, described its outer periphery of rotatable body is provided with the supporting surface that is arranged in the substantial cylindrical surface that is parallel to described rotation.Supporting surface is supporting body so that prevent to be displaced sideways, thereby further stablizes cutting tool during processing.
In another one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inside cutting edge of described cutter and outside cutting edge form cutting teeth.This makes sharpens cutting edge more easily.
In another one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the described supporting surface of described cutter is positioned on the described cutting teeth.By this way, supporting surface is in identical position with cutting edge, the feasible groove that can be more prone to be formed for chip removing.
In another one preferred embodiment of the present invention, described cutter has at least two cutting teeths, preferably has four cutting teeths.This makes to have enough cutting edge cuttings in once, and the intensity of cutting teeth keeps enough big simultaneously, so that withstand cutting force.
In another one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the top of the different cutting teeths of described cutter is positioned on the identical circle at the center of described cutter.This makes and can use dark groove and the opening of cutting tool processing.
The present invention also relates to a kind of method of cutter rapidoprint, thereby cutter is rotated, and the direction along this tool rotating shaft line moves in the material in first motion, and withdrawal and move step distance along direction perpendicular to its rotation, in next motion, move in the material then along its rotation direction, thus the sickleshaped part of cutting material.The shortcoming of this method is that during cutting, cutting tool may slippage arrive the side owing to the active force of the variation on body.In order to overcome this shortcoming, described step distance is such, makes the volume of partly being processed from the sickleshaped of material by inner cutting edge be substantially equal to the volume of being processed by outside cutting edge.This has guaranteed that inner cutting edge has stood identical cutting force with outside cutting edge, has stablized described cutter like this during cutting.
The present invention also relates to a kind of method of cutter rapidoprint, thereby described cutter is rotated, and the direction along its rotation moves in the material in first motion, and withdrawal and move step distance along direction perpendicular to its rotation, in next motion, move in the material then along its rotation direction, thus the sickleshaped part of cutting material.The shortcoming of this method is that during cutting, described cutting tool may slippage take place owing to the active force of the variation on body.In order to overcome this shortcoming, described step distance is such, the feasible sickleshaped part of at least two inner cutting edge cutting materials at any time.This has guaranteed that the variation active force on inner cutting edge is stablized by at least one other the inner cutting edge that engages when beginning cutting material or termination cutting material in cutting material.
The present invention further explains with reference to following examples and accompanying drawing and describes, yet these should not be considered to be in any aspect limitation of the present invention.
Description of drawings
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the side view of first embodiment of cutting tool;
Fig. 2 is the side view of cutting body of the cutting tool of more detailed Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the bottom view of the cutting tool of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the side view of cutting edge of the cutting tool of more detailed Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is the side view of the view that is similar to Fig. 4 of cutting edge of second embodiment of cutting tool;
Fig. 6 is the bottom view of cutting edge of the cutting tool of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram in sickleshaped zone that adds the cutting tool cutting of Fig. 1 in man-hour when 0.2 times step distance using the cutting tool diameter;
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram in sickleshaped zone that adds the cutting tool cutting of Fig. 1 in man-hour when 0.3 times step distance using the cutting tool diameter; And
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram in sickleshaped zone that adds the cutting tool cutting of Fig. 1 in man-hour when 0.4 times step distance using the cutting tool diameter.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1,2 and 3 has shown that clamping surface 3 is clamped in the cutting tool 1 of 2 li of tool mountings.Tool mounting 2 is parts of numeral or tradition control lathe, and can locate cutting tool and cutting tool shifted to and want processing component.In use, cutting tool 1 rotates with certain rotation speed around rotation L, and is fed in the material that will cut with feed rate A on direction of feed.Cutting tool 1 is provided with cutting teeth 5, and this cutting teeth 5 is connected with clamping surface 3 by handle of a knife 4.The number of cutting teeth can change, and common in the scope between two to five, is preferably four.Cutting teeth 5 has cutting diameter D and cutting level H.In the side away from handle of a knife 4, promptly at downside, cutting teeth 5 has the cutting edge 10 that is used for cutting material.Because cutting edge 10 is in the end of cutting tool 1, so this cutter is also referred to as end mill(ing) cutter.At the periphery place, cutting teeth 5 has supporting surface 8, and this supporting surface 8 part during processing supports cutting tool 1 and leans against on that part of periphery that keeps after the processing.Cutting tool 1 as shown in the figure has four cutting teeths 5, and the distance that cutting edge 10 is in from tool mounting 2 is the position of L, and this is apart from four times that are at least diameter D, makes and can process not only narrow but also dark groove.
Cutting teeth 5 for example generates by the processing chip pocket 11 in cylindrical body by grinding, this means that cutting teeth and cutter body are in aggregates.The external dimensions of cylindrical body is identical with the final external dimensions of supporting surface 8 and cutting edge 10.Processing chip pocket 11 has formed cutting face 9, and the outer periphery of this cutting face 9 and cylindrical body intersects, thereby forms cutting edge 10 and form sharp blade along supporting surface 8 at downside.In shown embodiment, four chip pockets 11 are arranged, but this number can change, changing in about five scope from about two usually.In this embodiment, cutting face 9 is in the plane that has comprised rotation L, but this is not essential.
At the downside place that is approximately perpendicular to each cutting face 9 of cutting tool 1, cutting teeth 5 has first relief face 6 along cutting edge 10, thus during use, the downside of cutting teeth 5 not can with the material interference that will cut.First relief face 6 and cutting face 9 have so relative to each other with respect to because the angle of the direction of motion of the material that the rotation of cutting tool 1 causes, make the machining condition that is used for the sort of material and other machining condition carry out optimization in known manner.
Cutting teeth 5 has enough thickness, so that bear the shear action power that in use produces on cutting face 9.For cutting teeth 5 is not subjected to want the influence of material processed on the downside of cutting tool 1, on the downside of cutting teeth 5, be processed with second relief face 7, this second relief face 7 guarantees that the downside of cutting teeth 5 remains in the revolving body that is produced by cutting edge 10.Second relief face 7 upwards continues to extend along the length of supporting surface 8, and feasible outer periphery from cylindrical body only maintains the arrowband as supporting surface 8, and this has reduced the friction to rapidoprint.
In Fig. 4, shown cutting edge 10 in further detail.Cutting edge 10 comprises outside cutting edge 12, and this outside cutting edge 12 is roughly the direction angulation α of straight line and rotation L
1, and supported 8 be limited in the outer dia place, and be limited in inside by lower limit 13, and lower limit 13 is nethermost points of cutting teeth 5.Angle [alpha]
1Usually values that have about 80 degree, but can be for spending to the value in the scope 90 degree from 60, preferred range are 75 to spend to 88 degree, and most preferred scope is 80 to spend between 87 degree.Work as angle [alpha]
1During near 90 degree values, the rotary surface that is produced by the outside cutting edge that rotates is small angular cone or just is a plane.
Because the balanced action masterpiece that is applied by workpiece at its cutting edge place of cutting tool is used on the both sides of lower limit 13 and has opposite direction thus, so the active force that produces at cutting teeth 5 has reduced, make that described cutter is more stable during cutting in the plane perpendicular to rotation L.In angle [alpha]
1Be roughly under the situation of 90 degree power (and the angle [alpha] that has that on inner cutting edge 14, produces
2＜90 degree) compensate by the power on supporting surface 8.Supporting surface 8 is being actually relief face aspect the less important cutting edge of the axis L extension that is parallel to cutter about near its outer dia place front end.Yet,,, particularly approach zero, thereby they can be in the surface-supported effect of in fact playing along radial direction as drill bit so the relief angle on surface 8 can be quite little because the feeding of cutter is carried out along axial direction.In addition, less important cutting edge is when sloping inwardly a little towards the axis of cutter when extend the rear end of chip pocket from front end, this provides tool space so that rotate freely, thereby prevents extra friction, has therefore also prevented to impel cutter radial to leave the generation of the additional effect power of workpiece.
Is the fillet of R from cutting edge 12 towards transition portion (this will be main cutting edge for the common end milling cutter) the formation radius of less important cutting edge 16, this radius R is about 1/5 to 1/20 of tool diameter D usually, this also can produce the active force that radially inwardly points to during cutting operation, thus the power of direction action radially outward that the inner cutting edge in (opposite) slope that balance causes owing to itself and the joint of workpiece applies.
Radius r at most advanced and sophisticated 13 places has formed the transition portion from outside cutting edge 12 to inner cutting edge 14, and this radius r is approximately the 0.1-2 millimeter, is preferably 0.2 millimeter.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 to 4, angle [alpha]
1And α
2Almost have identical value, and belong in the scope of 75-80 degree.Yet, described two angle [alpha]
1And α
2Needn't be identical, wherein, should be noted that angle [alpha]
1And α
2Value big more, then horizontal (to center and the balance) active force that is produced by shear action power is just more little, perhaps more accurate saying, the active force of balanced cutting active force is just more little.Yet, if angle [alpha] for example
1Greater than angle [alpha]
2, this can be compensated greater than cutting edge 12 by the length that cutting edge 14 engages workpiece so.In addition, also can produce power towards axis L effect by the fillet part that has radius R in the transition part office from outside cutting edge 12 to less important cutting edge 16, this is engaged the extra length institute balance of the cutting edge 14 of workpiece once more.This will be described in detail according to Fig. 7 to 9 especially.
Fig. 5 and 6 has shown second embodiment of cutting tool, and wherein, inner cutting edge 14 and outside cutting edge 12 all terminate in lower limit 13 places, and have the shape that is different from straight line.Because lower limit 13 has certain distance apart from rotation L and has inner cutting edge 14, so cutter is more stable during cutting.In this embodiment, the passage 15 of demonstration is for cooling fluid is provided.Alternatively, cooling fluid can be supplied with from the outside or by axle.
As all can finding out among Fig. 3 and Fig. 6, four teeth of described cutter all are identical, the tip portion 13 of cutting teeth all has approximately identical distance from the center of cutter, promptly, the circle that limits the position of tip portion 13 is identical for all cutting teeths, preferred embodiment that Here it is at present.Yet, it is contemplated that out such embodiment, it is identical to the distance at the center of cutter that wherein only paired opposite cutting teeth forms tip portion, and the position of other above-mentioned part that tooth of opposed is occupy is different from first kind of above-mentioned configuration.
In addition, as all can finding out in Fig. 3 and 6, less important cutting edge 16 comprises quite little relief angle, and this has produced such effect,, makes that the milling cutter traverse feed almost is impossible in workpiece that is; Yet, making under the situation of groove in the mode of discussing according to Fig. 7 to 9, cutting edge 16 may remain effectively, carries out very big overlapping boring and forms above-mentioned groove by a plurality of, thereby produce wave-like or consequent any other pit of the wall of groove.In case only form corresponding groove by the axis milling, so still, can and be parallel to its waveform wall along the longitudinal direction of groove and make the cutter traverse feed, wherein, less important cutting edge 16 will become effective, and the inside jut of incision waveform sidewall, the final like this smooth surface that can produce groove or groove by present cutter.
If the degree of depth that described groove or groove have has the height H of the front end of less important cutting edge greater than cutter, so in the first level and smooth step, just be necessary to make cutter withdraw from groove, engage groove up to front end at degree of depth place less than H, thereby the transverse movement of cutter can take place, and below in the step, cutter is axially sent to once more is slightly less than ultimate range H, and along the wall of respective dimple or groove and transversely direction send to once more, repeat above-mentioned action, up to the ultimate depth that arrives pit or groove.
Except embodiment shown here, the design of cutting edge 10 can be used in the end mill(ing) cutter of different shape.For example, the number of chip pocket 11 can change, and cutting face 9 can be spiral, and/or cutting level H can reduce or increase to ten times or 20 times of cutting diameter D.Cutting tool 1 can be made by HHS, is perhaps made by carbide, and if necessary, it can scribble TiN coating or any other suitable coating.Do not adopt as described here and make cutting tool 1 by an entire body, the carbide plug-in unit can be used for cutting edge 10.
In Fig. 7, the zone of demonstration is the material that removes during cutting tool 1 processing using.Cutting tool 1 has diameter D and rotation L.When passing through for the first time, the rotation L of cutting tool 1 is at pivot M
1The place, simultaneously the rotary speed with the maximum alowable speed at the periphery place of depending on the cutting tool 1 that inserts with feed rate A along the direction of rotation L is rotated, and it has removed the radius of clean-up R that equals 0.5D
TMaterial.After cutting is passed through for the first time,, and make cutting tool 1 move step distance S by lathe withdrawal cutting tool 1
D, make rotation L be in pivot M now
2, and cutting tool 1 inserts along the direction of rotation L.As a result, removed the sickleshaped zone of material.
If cutting depth is greater than the length H of cutting teeth, corresponding for the first time by using corresponding drill bit, otherwise can use cutting tool according to the present invention, the shank portion that wherein is close to the front end cutting tip has the diameter that reduces, feasible smear metal by front end processing still can remove and transmit by chip pocket, and through swedged shank portion.As a kind of optional embodiment, has necessity after, cutting tool withdrawal, and mobile step distance S for the first time by the degree of depth that is less than H
D, and axial feed distance H or be slightly less than 2H once more, this is to allow smear metal from removing than the deep branch of passing through for the second time because be fabricated onto the adjacent holes of depth H.Can repeat this step,, therefore also axially continue milling process along the entire depth feeding cutter of corresponding recesses or pit by further removing the sickleshaped zone up to the final degree of depth of wishing of arrival.
In Fig. 7, step distance S
DBe 0.2D or 0.4R
TAs can be seen, near the outer periphery of cutting tool 1,, make cutting speed allow cutting speed in the maximum at the periphery place of the major part that is used for the sickleshaped zone with narrow sickleshaped cutting material.Because cutting also is quite high near being inserted in the inside diameter in sickleshaped zone,, makes and use this step distance S so feed rate a can be set in high value
DThe work capacity of cutting tool 1 also very high.
By increasing step distance S
D, shown in Fig. 8 and 9, will be increased in once sickleshaped area by middle processing.This makes that having lost less being used to reorientates step distance S
DThe required time, feed speed A must reduce along with near the deterioration of the machining condition rotation L simultaneously.Therefore, optimum machining condition and optimum step distance S
DTo depend on the material that will cut, and depend on the material of cutting tool 1.If have been found that step distance S usually
D0.3D for approximately as shown in Figure 8 can obtain good cutting result and work capacity.
The stability of using cutting tool 1 to cut depends on the design of cutting edge 10, and depends on the radius of limit point 13 especially.The preferred solution of radius for the lower limit 13 of cutting edge 10 is such radius, promptly equals volume by the sickleshaped zone of outside cutting edge 12 processing by inner cutting edge 14 from the volume of sickleshaped zone processing.Provided the estimation of the minimum of a value of this radius.In Fig. 7,8 and 9, first radius R that demonstrates
1Be the minimum of a value of the radius of lower limit 13, the minor radius R that demonstrates
3It is the least radius in cutting edge 10 cutting sickleshaped zones.R
3Value equal tool radius R
TDeduct step distance S
DCalculate first radius R
1, make inner radial equal minor radius R
3And outer radius equals first radius R
1Ring have with inner radial and equal first radius R
1And outer radius equals tool radius R
TThe identical surface of ring.Have been found that if the lower limit 13 of cutting edge 10 equals first radius R at least
1, the shear action power on inner cutting edge 14 will make enough that cutting tool 1 is stable.Yet, should be noted that accompanying drawing fully proportionally do not draw, particularly, the R in Fig. 7
1What show is a little a bit big.
In some cases, if at least two inner cutting edge 14 cutting sickleshaped zones are found more stable.Under the situation that has four cutting teeths 5, the lower limit 13 of cutting edge 10 should equal second radius R
2Under the situation that has more cutting teeths 5, described cutting teeth 5 may have than major diameter D, wherein has second radius R at least two inner cutting edge 14 cutting sickleshaped zones
2Can make littler.Under these circumstances, preferably, the radius of the lower limit 13 of the cutting edge 10 that has equals first radius at least.
As previously mentioned, the relative populations by inner cutting edge 14 and outside cutting edge 12 material processed depends on the concrete radial effect power that the joint of length by cutting edge and workpiece material produces respectively.Because these active forces not too depend on rotary speed and excentric distance, and depend on axial feed speed, so equilibrium condition is the simple geometric problem, wherein, each unitary part δ of the cutting edge that engages with workpiece
iThe radial effect power that provides is proportional to δ respectively
iCos α
1And δ
iCos α
2, i represents corresponding inside or outside cutting edge, wherein, and certain counterpart δ by inner cutting edge 14
iThe symbol of the power that produces and the power (causing the active force that radially inwardly points to) opposite (promptly away from central axis) that provides by the length of cutting edge 12.
In a word, Yuan optimal location R
1, promptly cutting edge depends on a plurality of parameters that can independently set, for example angle [alpha] to the transition portion of outside cutting edge internally
1, α
2Value and the part δ that determines inner cutting edge
1The step distance S of length
D, this part δ
1To form joint with workpiece, outside cutting edge always fully engages with its total length and (that is, always equals total length of outside cutting edge for outside cutting edge, and correspond essentially to radius R simultaneously
t-R
1Difference).
In addition, in case when the radius increase of the transition part office from outside cutting edge 12 to less important cutting edge 18, this transition portion can further increase the active force of the radially inward direction that produces by cutting under axial feed.This can by with angle [alpha]
1Compare and reduce angle [alpha]
2And be compensated, this can make inner cutting edge have the slope of more deepening, and increase the reagency that radially outward points to that is produced by inner cutting edge, thereby compensation is because the big active force that produces than major diameter of the round-corner transition part from outside cutting edge 12 to less important cutting edge 8.
In addition, have at cutter under the situation of cross section at least four cutting edges on every side that are arranged on cutter with the about 90 basic circumferential distances that equate of spending, can recognize based on Fig. 7-9, when engaging for the first time by outside cutting edge 12 and sickleshaped part, cutting edge 12 cutting edge that diameter is relative even outside still engages with sickleshaped the other end partly, wherein, the active force of the inside sensing that the joint by these two outside cutting edges causes does not even need inner cutting edge 14 to provide any contribution just can compensate one another, and this is because described outside cutting edge 12 is arranged in the relative position of diameter.
Yet, for the cutting edge of between two aforesaid cutting edges, arranging with 90 degree, there is not the relative blade of diameter that engages with workpiece, inner cutting edge 14 and outside cutting edge 12 boths and workpiece engage in the pre-position simultaneously, and produce balanced action power, in case transition point 13 is arranged on the radius R of suitable selection
1The place is with regard to this active force in a basic balance.Then, if cutter is further rotated, make an outside cutting edge of mentioning the first time leave the sickleshaped cutting tip, except the outer edge that has engaged, two inner cutting edges on the diameter opposite side become and workpiece engages, and trend towards the active force that balance is produced respectively by outside and inner cutting edge 12,14 once more.
Because the geometry in the specific sickleshaped cross section that in the axial feed of cutter, mills out, should be noted that, the active force that radially outward points to that joint by inner cutting edge and workpiece produces, always from when and the minimum of a value of sickleshaped part when engaging the first time change in sickleshaped and have the wideest size (along step distance S
DDirection) situation is issued to maximum, then, in case when inner cutting edge 14 left the sickleshaped cross section, this active force just was reduced to zero once more.
Therefore, the most rational is to have at least four cutting edges (i.e. four inner cutting edges and four external cutting edges), and enough step distance S are provided
D, example S as shown in FIG. 8
D=0.3D, the effect of generation is that in case an inner cutting edge has passed through to have the maximum point that engages with workpiece, when its radial equilibrium power reduced thus, next inner cutting edge just entered the sickleshaped cross section, began the equilibrant force that increases is delivered on the cutter.
Correspondingly, during a complete revolution of cutter, by the slope cutting edge produce radially inwardly and the active force that outwards points to can not accurate balance, but otherwise (not being the slope cutting edge) imbalance of producing has reduced significantly, act on the radial effect power of any generation on the cutter will be only a little by part or even any mean value of determining to reduce that all balanced action power limits near change.
In a word, above-mentioned inside cutting edge should cut with outside cutting edge about equally the rule of the material of quantity only be rough estimate for optimal conditions, this optimal conditions still depends on all further parameters.The consideration of putting together of above-mentioned situation, have been found that one group of optimized parameter that can obtain under the situation below for the cutter with four cutting edges: the radius of a circle that is limited by transition point 13 belongs in 0.74 to 0.78 times the scope of tool radius angle [alpha]
1, α
2Be set at equally, and the both is about 80 degree, for example between 79 degree and 82 degree, and step distance S
DBe chosen as about 0.3 * D, wherein D is the diameter of cutter.In addition, the radius R from outside cutting edge 12 to the transition portion of less important cutting edge 16 should be about 0.1 * R then
T, R
TRadius for cutter.
Claims (25)
1. a cutter that is used for cutting material comprises: the rotatable body with rotation (L); And cutting edge (10), this cutting edge is used at described body along the first direction that is parallel to described rotation cutting material between moving period, wherein, described cutting edge (10) comprises inner cutting edge (14), this inside cutting edge is arranged on first rotary surface, this first rotary surface is being higher than the major diameter place on first direction, and be lower than the minor diameter place, it is characterized in that, the outside cutting edge (12) that diameter is bigger than described inner cutting edge (14) is arranged on second rotary surface, this second rotary surface is being lower than the major diameter place on first direction, and be higher than the minor diameter place, and first rotary surface and second rotary surface intersect at a circle place, and described inner cutting edge (14) and described outside cutting edge (12) extend to this and justify.
2. cutter as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described inner cutting edge extends to the center of described cutter basically.
3. cutter as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that described outside cutting edge extends to the outer dia of described cutter basically.
4. cutter as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described diameter of a circle is at least half of maximum gauge of described outside cutting edge (12).
5. cutter as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described diameter of a circle belongs in the scope between 0.5D and 0.9D, and wherein D is the diameter of cutter.
6. cutter as claimed in claim 5, wherein, described diameter of a circle is between 0.6D and 0.8D.
7. cutter as claimed in claim 5, wherein, described diameter of a circle is between 0.74D and 0.78D.
8. cutter as claimed in claim 1, wherein, first rotary surface and/or second rotary surface are tapers.
9. cutter as claimed in claim 8, wherein, the angle (α between rotation and inner cutting edge and the outside cutting edge
2, α
1) all greater than 65 degree.
10. cutter as claimed in claim 9, wherein, the angle between described rotation and inner cutting edge and the outside cutting edge is greater than 75 degree.
11. cutter as claimed in claim 9, wherein, the angle between described rotation and inner cutting edge and the outside cutting edge is between 77 degree and 87 degree.
12. cutter as claimed in claim 9, wherein, the angle between described rotation and inner cutting edge and the outside cutting edge is spent between 82 degree 79.
13. cutter, wherein the inside cutting edge of first rotary surface and the angle (α between the rotation as claimed in claim 8 or 9
2) and the outside cutting edge of second rotary surface and the angle (α between the rotation
1) about equally.
14. cutter as claimed in claim 1, wherein, cutting edge occurs along circular top to the transition portion of outside cutting edge internally, and the radius of curvature that this circular top has (r) is between 0.1 millimeter and 2 millimeters.
15. cutter as claimed in claim 14, wherein, the radius of curvature of this circular top (r) is between 0.2 millimeter and 0.5 millimeter.
16. cutter as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, near described outside cutting edge (12), described its outer periphery of rotatable body is provided with the supporting surface (8) that is arranged in the substantial cylindrical surface that is parallel to described rotation (L).
17. cutter as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, inner cutting edge (14) and outside cutting edge (12) form cutting teeth (5).
18. cutter as claimed in claim 13, wherein, described supporting surface (8) is positioned on the described cutting teeth.
19. cutter as claimed in claim 17, wherein, described cutter (1) has at least two cutting teeths (5).
20. cutter as claimed in claim 19, wherein, described cutter (1) has four cutting teeths (5).
21. cutter as claimed in claim 15, wherein, the top of different cutting teeths (13) are positioned on the identical circle at the center of described cutter.
22. cutter as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, described cutter (1) is provided with the handle of a knife (4) that is used for described cutter is fastened to jig (2) lining, described handle of a knife has such length, makes distance between described anchor clamps and cutting edge (10) be at least four times of diameter (D) of described cutting edge.
23. use method as each described cutter rapidoprint in the claim of front, thereby described cutter is rotated, and in first motion, moving in the material, and withdrawal and move step distance (S along direction perpendicular to its rotation along the direction of this tool rotating shaft line (L)
D), in next motion, move in the material then, thereby the sickleshaped part of cutting material is characterized in that described step distance (S along its rotation direction
D) be such, make the volume of partly processing from the sickleshaped of material by inner cutting edge (14) be substantially equal to the volume of processing by outside cutting edge (12).
24. use method as each described cutter rapidoprint of claim 1-22, thereby described cutter is rotated, and in first motion, moving in the material, and withdrawal and move step distance (S along direction perpendicular to its rotation along the direction of its rotation (L)
D), in next motion, move in the material then, thereby the sickleshaped part of cutting material is characterized in that described step distance (S along its rotation direction
D) be such, the feasible sickleshaped part of at least two inner cutting edges (14) cutting material at any time.
25. the described method of claim 23 is characterized in that, described step distance (S
D) be such, the feasible sickleshaped part of at least two inner cutting edges (14) cutting material at any time.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04075799.9 | 2004-03-12 | ||
| EP04075799 | 2004-03-12 | ||
| EP04078252.6 | 2004-11-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1929943A CN1929943A (en) | 2007-03-14 |
| CN100479958C true CN100479958C (en) | 2009-04-22 |
Family
ID=34928109
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005800080448A Active CN100479958C (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2005-03-14 | Cutting tool and method for cutting material |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100479958C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104822478A (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2015-08-05 | 诺沃皮尼奥内股份有限公司 | Milling cutter and method of use |
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| US7431538B1 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-10-07 | Kennametal Inc. | End mill for orbital drilling of fiber reinforced plastic materials |
| FR2920327B1 (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2009-11-20 | Snecma | GRAZING MILL FOR MACHINING WITH HIGH ADVANCE AND LOW PASS DEPTH |
| DE102010000640A1 (en) * | 2010-03-04 | 2011-09-08 | Gühring Ohg | end mill |
| CN101862846A (en) * | 2010-03-16 | 2010-10-20 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Integral hard alloy scaled drill |
| WO2011145494A1 (en) * | 2010-05-17 | 2011-11-24 | コニカミノルタオプト株式会社 | Cutting tool |
| CN104001979B (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2017-02-08 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Equivalent-arc vertical groove annular milling cutter with taper angle structure, and grinding method |
| CN206936465U (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2018-01-30 | 河南裕展精密科技有限公司 | Milling cutter |
| CN109551015A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-04-02 | 深圳市航天精密刀具有限公司 | A kind of efficient hard combined drill for machining composite material |
| CN113369551A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-10 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | End mill and double-curved-surface milling method for wing surface of rotating shaft beam based on end mill |
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2005
- 2005-03-14 CN CNB2005800080448A patent/CN100479958C/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104822478A (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2015-08-05 | 诺沃皮尼奥内股份有限公司 | Milling cutter and method of use |
| US9694431B2 (en) | 2012-09-20 | 2017-07-04 | Nuovo Pignone Srl | Milling cutter and method of use |
| CN104822478B (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2018-08-14 | 诺沃皮尼奥内股份有限公司 | Milling cutter and application method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1929943A (en) | 2007-03-14 |
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