CN100478763C - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

A novel liquid crystal display device is disclosed. The liquid crystal display device comprises a first polarizing film, a first retardation area with an Re of 70 to 330 nm and a value of Nz of not less than 0 to less than 0.5 and a slow axis perpendicular to a transmission axis of the first polarizing film; a second retardation region with an Re of not greater than 50 nm and an Rth of 10 to 140 nm; and a liquid crystal cell comprising a liquid crystal layer with a slow axis in a black state parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizing film; and a second polarizing film in this order.

Description

Liquid crystal indicator

Technical field

The present invention relates to the liquid crystal indicator of a kind of liquid crystal indicator and a kind of ferroelectric liquid crystals display device, Antiferroelectric liquid crystal display device and use in-plane switching pattern, it applies transverse electric field by the nematic liquid crystal of giving orientation in the horizontal direction and comes display image.

Background technology

Be extensive use of the TN mode LCD.TN pattern DLC generally includes two polarization plates and is clipped in the liquid crystal layer that the nematic liquid crystal by twisted-oriented between the polarization plates forms, and applies electric field on the direction perpendicular to the liquid crystal layer substrate.In the TN pattern, liquid crystal molecule tilts with respect to substrate when black state, thereby when in an inclined direction watching, and owing to this orientation of liquid crystal molecule produces birefringence, the light leakage has taken place.In order to address this problem, the film that the liquid crystal molecule by mixed orientation forms comes the optical compensation liquid crystal cells, and this LCD has dropped into practical application.Yet, even the film that uses the liquid crystal molecule by mixed orientation to form, also difficulty optical compensation liquid crystal cells well extremely, and can not avoid gray inversion in the generation of image lower zone.

In order to address this problem, proposed and used in practice following liquid crystal indicator: adopt in the so-called face of applying transverse electric field wherein for the liquid crystal molecule and switch (IPS) pattern; Adopt so-called fringing field to switch (FFS) pattern; Or adopt vertical orientation (VA) pattern, this vertical alignment mode to have by being formed on the multidomain that teat in the panel or gap electrode are cut apart.In recent years, this LCD has developed into the panel that not only uses but also use in TV in monitor, and its brightness significantly improves.Thereby when in an inclined direction watching, the less light that results from relative bight in black state leaks has become the one side that reduces display quality.

In order to improve tone or the visual angle in the black state, also attempted between liquid crystal layer in IPS pattern or FFS mode display and the polarization plates optical compensation material with birefringent characteristic being set.JPA No.hei-9-80424 (term used herein " JPA " is meant " not examining disclosed Japanese patent application (Kohkai Tokkyo Kohou) "), JPA hei 10-54982, JPA No.hei 11-202323, JPA No.hei 9-292522, JPA No.hei 11-133408 discloses the LCD of improving among JPA No.hei 11-305217 and the JPA No.hei 10-307291.

The method of some propositions is to improve the method at visual angle by the birefringence of liquid crystal in the offset unit, can not fully stop the light that produces when in an inclined direction watching LCD to leak, and perhaps in other words, polarization axle is not the quadrature orientation.The method of some propositions is used to reduce this light leaks, yet, even use these methods, also difficulty optical compensation liquid crystal cells well extremely.The known optical compensating gage that is used for IPS pattern or FFS mode liquid crystal unit is thicker, because they are made up of a plurality of films, this thinning for LCD is disadvantageous.Prepare some optical compensating gages by the film that uses the stacked stretching of tack coat.Tack coat changes according to temperature or humidity and shrinks, thereby the film of some stretchings peels off or the film warpage takes place sometimes.

Summary of the invention

An object of the present invention is to provide the LCD of a kind of IPS of employing pattern, FFS pattern etc., it has simple structure, has not only improved display quality and has also improved the visual angle.

On the one hand, the invention provides a kind of liquid crystal indicator, it comprises that at least first polarizing coating, first that is provided with in the following order postpones the liquid crystal cells and second polarizing coating that zone, second postpones the zone, comprises a pair of substrate of liquid crystal layer and clamping liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal molecule of described liquid crystal layer is parallel to the surperficial orientation of described a pair of substrate when deceiving state, wherein

First interior postpone (Re) of face that postpones the zone is from 70nm to 330nm;

The value of Nz that is postponed the zone by first of [Nz=Rth/Re+0.5] definition is greater than O and less than 0.5, and wherein " Rth " first postpones the delay on the regional thickness direction, and " Re " first postpones to postpone in the face in zone;

Second interior postpone (Re) of face that postpones the zone is no more than 50nm, do not comprise any optical axis in the plane in the second delay zone, and second delay (Rth) that postpones on the regional thickness direction is from 10nm to 140nm;

First postpones the axis of homology of the slow axis in zone perpendicular to first polarizing coating; And

The axis of homology of first polarizing coating is parallel to the slow-axis direction at the liquid crystal molecule of the liquid crystal layer of black state.

As embodiment of the present invention; liquid crystal indicator comprises a pair of diaphragm that is used for first polarizing coating of clamping at least or second polarizing coating, wherein the delay Rth on the thickness direction that has near in the diaphragm of liquid crystal layer side setting at least one from 40nm to-100nm.

In one aspect of the method, the invention provides a kind of liquid crystal indicator, it comprises that at least first polarizing coating, second that is provided with in the following order postpones the liquid crystal cells and second phase shift films that zone, first postpones the zone, comprises a pair of substrate of liquid crystal layer and clamping liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal molecule of described liquid crystal layer is parallel to the surperficial orientation of described a pair of substrate when deceiving state, wherein

First interior postpone (Re) of face that postpones the zone is from 80nm to 230nm;

Postpone the value of regional Nz greater than 0 and less than 0.4 by first of [Nz=Rth/Re+0.5] definition;

The second interior delay of face that postpones the zone is no more than 50nm, does not comprise any optical axis in the plane in the second delay zone, and second delay (Rth) that postpones on the regional thickness direction is from 20nm to 120nm;

First slow axis that postpones the zone is parallel to the axis of homology of first polarizing coating; And

The axis of homology of first polarizing coating is parallel to the slow-axis direction at the liquid crystal molecule of the liquid crystal layer of black state.

As embodiment of the present invention; liquid crystal indicator comprises a pair of diaphragm that is used for first polarizing coating of clamping at least or second polarizing coating, wherein the delay Rth on the thickness direction that has near in the diaphragm of liquid crystal layer side setting at least one from 40nm to-50nm.

As other embodiments, the invention provides a kind of liquid crystal indicator, it comprises a pair of diaphragm that is used for first polarizing coating of clamping at least or second polarizing coating, wherein the delay Rth on the thickness direction that has near in the diaphragm of liquid crystal layer side setting at least one from 20nm to-20nm; Liquid crystal indicator comprises a pair of diaphragm that is used for first polarizing coating of clamping at least or second polarizing coating, and wherein at least one in the close diaphragm of liquid crystal layer side setting has the thickness that is no more than 60 μ m; Liquid crystal indicator comprises a pair of diaphragm that is used for first polarizing coating of clamping at least or second polarizing coating, and wherein at least one in the close diaphragm of liquid crystal layer side setting comprises cellulose acylate film or norborene class film; Liquid crystal indicator comprises a pair of diaphragm that is used for first polarizing coating of clamping at least or second polarizing coating, is wherein comprising having the acylated cellulose that is not less than 2.87 carboxyl groups degree of substitution near in the diaphragm of liquid crystal layer side setting at least one; And a kind of liquid crystal indicator is provided, and wherein first postpones zone and second and postpones the zone and be arranged in a pair of substrate of more close liquid crystal cells in the position with the substrate of observation side opposition side.

According to the present invention, when in an inclined direction, can improve contrast when especially on 45 ° of vergence directions, watching LCD, and the angle between two axis of homology of two polarization plates is above 90 °, and the look that has reduced to produce according to the visual angle when black state becomes, and do not reduce the display quality that the dead ahead makes progress.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of embodiment that shows the pixel region of liquid crystal indicator of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram that shows an embodiment of liquid crystal indicator of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram that shows another embodiment of liquid crystal indicator of the present invention.

Mark in the accompanying drawing has following implication

1: the liquid crystal cell pixel region

2: pixel electrode

3: show electrode

4: frictional direction

5a, 5b: the director of liquid-crystal compounds when deceiving state

6a, 6b: the director of liquid-crystal compounds in the white state

7a, 7b, 19a, 19b: the diaphragm of polarizing coating

8,20: polarizing coating

9,21: the polarization transmission axis of polarizing coating

10: the first delay zones

The slow axis in 11: the first delay zones

12: the second delay zones

13,17: cell substrate

14,18: the frictional direction of cell substrate

15: liquid crystal layer

16: the slow-axis direction of liquid crystal layer

Embodiment

Afterwards, will explain the present invention in detail.In this instructions, with " to " expression scope be meant be included in " arriving " before and numerical value afterwards as the minimum and peaked scope.

In this instructions, the delay in the face when Re and Rth represent wavelength 550nm respectively on delay and the thickness direction.By using KOBRA-21ADH (making) incident light measure R e to wavelength 550nm on film surface normal direction by Oji ScientificInstruments.Based on three length of delays, the one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 of the film of the mean refractive index of one hypothesis and an input, by using KOBRA-21ADH to calculate Rth, wherein first length of delay is the Re that obtains above, second length of delay is the delay of the incident light of wavelength 550nm being measured on respect to the direction of+40 ° of embrane method line direction rotations around as slow axis in the face of sloping shaft (turning axle), this slow axis is by KOBRA 21ADH decision, and the 3rd length of delay is the delay of the incident light of wavelength 550nm being measured on respect to the direction of-40 ° of embrane method line direction rotations around as slow axis in the face of sloping shaft (turning axle).At open source literature, as " polymer handbook " (JOHNWILEY﹠amp; SONS, INC) and described the mean refractive index of various materials in the catalogue.If these values are not known, just use these values of measurement such as Abbe refractometer.The mean refractive index of main blooming is exemplified below:

Acylated cellulose (1.48), cyclic olefin polymer (1.52), polycarbonate (1.59), polymethylmethacrylate (1.49), polystyrene (1.59).

When mean refractive index of supposing and one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 input KOBRA 21ADH, calculate n _x, n _yAnd n _z

On the direction of slow axis (as turning axle) in face, the incident light of wavelength 550nm is measured with respect to+20 ° of embrane method line direction rotations, when the value that obtains during, just judge Rth for just, on the other hand greater than the Re value, when the value that obtains is lower than the Re value, just judge that Rth is negative.Be not less than 9 for having | the sample film of Rth/Re| value, use is equipped with the polarizing microscope of rotatable substrate, on the direction of slow axis (as turning axle) in the face, observe the incident light of wavelength 550nm with respect to+40 ° of the normal direction rotations of film, when when checking that slow axis that polarization plates is judged is parallel to sample film surperficial, just judge that Rth is for just; On the other hand, when slow axis is on thickness direction, just judge that Rth is negative.

In this instructions, term " A is parallel to B ", term " A and B quadrature " or term " A is perpendicular to B " are meant that the angle between A and the B drops in the scope of accurate angle ± 10 °.This angle drops in the scope of accurate angle ± 5 ° ideally, more desirably drops in the scope of accurate angle ± 2 °.Term " slow axis " is meant the direction that provides largest refractive index.Unless write exactly especially, refractive index all records when 550nm.

In this instructions, term " polarization plates " not only refers to have the polarization plates of the appropriate size that uses in liquid crystal, but also refers to the long polarization plates before cutting.In this instructions, term " polarizing coating " and term " polarization plates " are distinguishing, and term " polarization plates " is used to comprise " polarizing coating " and any laminated body of at least one diaphragm on it.

Embodiment of the present invention are described afterwards with reference to the accompanying drawings.Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of an embodiment that shows the pixel region of liquid crystal indicator of the present invention.Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are the views that shows an embodiment of liquid crystal indicator of the present invention respectively.

[liquid crystal indicator]

Liquid crystal indicator shown in Fig. 2 comprises that polarizing coating 8 and 20, first postpones zone 10, second and postpones zone 12 and comprise a pair of substrate 13 and 17 and the liquid crystal cells that is clipped in liquid crystal layer therebetween 15. Polarizing coating 8 and 20 is respectively by diaphragm 7a and 7b and 19a and 19b clamping.

In the LCD shown in Fig. 2, liquid crystal cells comprises substrate 13 and 17 and be clipped in liquid crystal layer 15 between them.For do not have twist structured IPS mode liquid crystal unit in transmission mode, the optimum value (Δ nd) of thickness of liquid crystal layer d (μ m) and refractive index anisotropy Δ n product is 0.2 to 0.4 μ m.When product being set in this scope, can obtain in white state, to provide higher brightness and in black state, provide than low-light level, perhaps in other words provide the LCD of higher contrast and higher brightness.Substrate 13 with 17 with surface that liquid crystal layer 15 contacts on be formed with the both alignment layers (not shown), thereby, in no electric field status or apply in the state of low electric field, liquid crystal molecule is parallel to the substrate surface orientation, and, determined the direction of its slow axis 16 thus along the frictional direction 14 and 18 their orientations of control of both alignment layers.On the inside surface of substrate 13 or 17, be formed with the electrode (not illustrating among Fig. 2) that applies electric field to the liquid crystal molecule.

The orientation that has shown liquid crystal molecule in liquid crystal layer 15 pixel regions among Fig. 1.Fig. 1 is the view that is presented at liquid crystal molecular orientation in the very small region corresponding with pixel region, pixel region have the frictional direction 4 that imposes on substrate 13 and 17 surfaces and be formed on substrate 13 and 17 inside surfaces on apply the electrode 2 and 3 of electric field for the liquid crystal molecule.The nematic liquid crystal that has a positive dielectric constant anisotropy when use is as the field effect type liquid crystal and when carrying out active driving, in no electric field status or apply in the state of low electric field, liquid crystal molecule be oriented to 5a and 5b, then, this state shows black.When applying electric field between electrode 2 and 3, liquid crystal molecule will be orientated from direction 5a and 5b and become direction 6a and 6b.Common this state display white.

In addition, the liquid crystal cells of Shi Yonging is not limited to IPS pattern or FFS pattern in the present invention, but is applicable to all liquid crystal indicators, as long as liquid crystal molecule is roughly parallel to the surperficial orientation of aforementioned a pair of substrate when black display.Their example comprises ferroelectric liquid crystals display device, Antiferroelectric liquid crystal display device and ecb mode liquid crystal indicator.

Return Fig. 2, the axis of homology 9 of polarizing coating 8 and the axis of homology 21 quadratures of polarizing coating 20.In addition, first postpones the slow axis 11 in zone 10 and the axis of homology 9 quadratures of polarizing coating 8.In addition, the slow axis 16 of liquid crystal molecule is parallel to each other in the axis of homology 9 of polarizing coating 8 and the liquid crystal layer 15 when black state, and in other words, the slow axis 16 of the slow axis 11 in the first delay zone 10 and liquid crystal layer 15 is orthogonal when black state.In this embodiment, not only be provided with like this and show the first delay zone 10 of described certain optical properties subsequently, and postpone also to be provided with between zone 10 and the liquid crystal cells first and have second of described certain optical properties subsequently and postpone the zone, improved the viewing angle characteristic of liquid crystal cells thus.

In the liquid crystal indicator shown in Fig. 2, can omit diaphragm 7b by the structure of two diaphragm 7a and 7b clamping polarizing coating 8 although shown wherein.Yet in the situation that diaphragm 7b is not set, first postpones zone 10 must not only have described subsequently certain optical properties, but also has the function of protection polarizing coating 8.In the situation that diaphragm 7b is set, preferably the delay Rth on this diaphragm thickness direction is no more than 40nm.In addition, when polarizing coating 20 during, can dispense diaphragm 19a near liquid crystal layer 15 1 sides also by two diaphragm 19a and 19b clamping.In the situation that diaphragm 19a is set, the preferable range of the delay Rth on this diaphragm thickness direction is identical with diaphragm 7b's.In addition, preferred diaphragm 7b and diaphragm 19a have thin thickness, and specifically, thickness preferably is no more than 60 μ m.

In the embodiment of Fig. 2, according to the position of liquid crystal cells, first postpones the 10 and second delay zone 12, zone can be arranged between the polarizing coating 8 of liquid crystal cells and observer's one side, perhaps can be arranged between the polarizing coating 20 of liquid crystal cells and back one side.In any one of these embodiments, second postpones zone 12 near the liquid crystal cells settings.

Illustrate another embodiment of the invention among Fig. 3.In Fig. 3, provided identical mark with components identical among Fig. 2, omit their detailed description.In the liquid crystal indicator shown in Fig. 3, exchanged first and postponed the position that zone 10 and second postpones zone 12, compared with the second delay zone 12, first postpones 10 positions that are arranged on away from polarizing coating 8, zone, in other words, first postpones the position that zone 10 is arranged on close liquid crystal cells.In addition, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, postpone in the zone 10 first, the axis of homology 9 that its slow axis 11 is parallel to polarizing coating 8 is provided with.In addition, the axis of homology 9 of polarizing coating 8 is parallel to the slow axis 16 of liquid crystal molecule in the liquid crystal layer 15 when deceiving state, and in other words, the slow axis 16 of the slow axis 11 in the first delay zone 10 and liquid crystal layer 15 is parallel to each other when deceiving state.In this embodiment, not only be provided with like this and show the first delay zone 10 of described certain optical properties subsequently, and postpone also to be provided with between zone 10 and the polarizing coating 8 first and have second of described certain optical properties subsequently and postpone zone 12, improved the viewing angle characteristic of liquid crystal cells thus.

In the liquid crystal indicator of Fig. 3, the same diaphragm 7b or the diaphragm 19a of omitting with the front situation.Yet in the situation of omitting diaphragm 7b, second postpones zone 12 must not only have described subsequently certain optical properties, but also has the function of protection polarizing coating 8.In the situation that diaphragm 7b is set, preferably the delay Rth on this diaphragm thickness direction is no more than 40nm.In addition, when polarizing coating 20 during, can dispense diaphragm 19a near liquid crystal layer 15 1 sides also by two diaphragm 19a and 19b clamping.In the situation that diaphragm 19a is set, the preferable range of the delay Rth on this diaphragm thickness direction is identical with diaphragm 7b's.In addition, preferred diaphragm 7b and diaphragm 19a have thin thickness, and specifically, thickness preferably is no more than 60 μ m.

In the embodiment of Fig. 3, according to the position of liquid crystal cells, first postpones the 10 and second delay zone 12, zone can be arranged between the polarizing coating 8 of liquid crystal cells and observer's one side, perhaps can be arranged between the polarizing coating 20 of liquid crystal cells and back one side.In any one of these embodiments, first postpones zone 10 so is provided with, promptly near liquid crystal cells.

Liquid crystal indicator of the present invention is not limited to Fig. 1 to the structure shown in Fig. 3, but can comprise other elements.For example, can between liquid crystal layer and polarizing coating, color filter be set.In addition, can apply anti-reflex treated or hard conating on the diaphragm surface of polarizing coating.In addition, can use the element that is endowed conductivity.In addition, be in the situation of transmission mode at liquid crystal indicator, can be provided as the cold cathode or the thermic cathode fluorimetric pipe of light source in the rear surface, or use the backlight of light emitting diode, field emission element or electroluminescent cell.In this case, each upside or the downside of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 that be arranged on backlight.Yet, because do not need in conjunction with having the antireflection of higher rejection rate or the polarization plates of antistatic treatment, so be more preferably setting backlight downside in the accompanying drawings.In addition, can liquid crystal layer and backlight between reflection type polarizer or diffuser plate or prismatic lens or optical plate are set.In addition, as previously described, liquid crystal indicator of the present invention can be a reflection-type.In this case, only a slice polarization plates is set, on liquid crystal cells back or the substrate inside surface in the liquid crystal cells downside, reflectance coating is set in the observation side.Much less, the preceding light that uses aforementioned light source can be set in observation one side of liquid crystal cells.

Embodiment of the present invention comprise straight-down negative projection type and light modulation type.The semiconductor devices that comprises 3 or 2 terminals, especially effective as the embodiment of the active matrix liquid crystal display of TFT or MIM.Passive matrix, or in other words, the embodiment of time-division driving LCD is the same with top embodiment also to be effective.

To be described in detail in material and the manufacture method thereof used in the optical characteristics, element of each element that uses in the liquid crystal indicator of the present invention afterwards.

[first postpones the zone]

In an embodiment of liquid crystal indicator of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, compare with the second delay zone, first postpones the zone away from the liquid crystal cells setting.In this embodiment, first postpones to postpone Re in the regional face that has from 70nm to 330nm.Leak for the ease of the light that effectively reduces on the vergence direction, first postpones the Re in zone more preferably from 90nm to 250nm, further preferably from 110nm to 190nm.In addition, greater than 0 less than 0.5, wherein " Rth " first postpones the delay on the regional thickness direction by [Nz=Rth/Re+0.5] definite Nz; Leak for the ease of the light that effectively reduces on the vergence direction, first Nz that postpones the zone more preferably 0.1 or bigger and less than 0.4.Preferred Nz be 0.5 or bigger reason be because improve the necessary Re of contrast Shanghai Communications University, so must highly accurately adhere to polarization plates, and second postpones Rth required in the zone and becomes greatly.

In this embodiment, so be provided with first and postpone the zone, promptly its slow axis postpones the polarizing coating axis of homology in the regional location and the slow axis quadrature of liquid crystal layer with being arranged near first when black state.

In addition, in another embodiment of liquid crystal indicator of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, compare with the second delay zone, first postpones the zone near the liquid crystal cells setting.In this embodiment, first postpones to postpone Re in the regional face that has from 80nm to 230nm.Leak for the ease of the light that effectively reduces on the vergence direction, first postpones the Re in zone more preferably from 100nm to 210nm, further preferably from 110nm to 190nm.In addition, greater than 0 less than 0.4, wherein " Rth " first postpones the delay on the regional thickness direction by [Nz=Rth/Re+0.5] definite Nz; Leak for the ease of the light that effectively reduces on the vergence direction, first Nz that postpones the zone more preferably 0.1 or bigger and less than 0.35.Preferred Nz be 0.4 or bigger reason be to become big because improve the necessary Re of contrast, so must highly accurately adhere to polarization plates, and second postpones Rth required in the zone and becomes greatly.

In this embodiment, so be provided with first and postpone the zone, promptly its slow axis is parallel with the slow axis that is arranged near the polarizing coating axis of homology in the first delay regional location and liquid crystal layer when deceiving state.

According to the present invention, first postpones the zone is not specially limited its material and shape, as long as it shows the optical characteristics of front.For example, can use by the film formed any phase shift films of birefringent polymer, by apply any phase shift films that comprises the composition of high-molecular weight compounds and be heated any film of producing and comprise retardation layer on transparent supporting body, the composition that comprises low-molecular-weight or high molecular liquid-crystal compounds by coating or transfer printing on transparent supporting body is produced described retardation layer.First postpones the zone can comprise multilayer, in such embodiments, and can stacked two or more birefringent films, two or more retardation layer or at least one birefringent layers and at least one retardation layer.

Birefringent polymer film as using in the present invention as the first delay zone preferably has birefringent characteristic, transparency or the thermal impedance of outstanding controlled ability, and has less stress optic polymer film.In this case, although the high molecular weight material that uses is not particularly limited,, preferably can it be formed the high molecular weight material of film by solvent cast method or extrusion Forming System as long as it can obtain uniform twin shaft orientation.Its example comprises norbornene polymer, polycarbonate polymer, polyarylate base polymer, polyester polymer, the aromatic polymer as the polysulfones, the polyolefin as the polypropylene, acylated cellulose and the polymkeric substance that is formed by two or three or multiple potpourri of these polymkeric substance.

Use suitable system, as utilize the longitudinal stretching system of roller or utilize cross directional stretch system or the biaxial stretch-formed system that expands the cloth machine, can obtain the twin shaft orientation of film by the described film that stretches, this film is by suitable system, as extrusion Forming System or the preparation of film casting system.In addition, this film can by single shaft on the face direction or biaxial stretch-formed described film and also the refractive index on the control thickness directions such as method that stretch on the thickness direction prepare.In addition, can be by heat shrink films being bonded to polymer film, under the convergent force of heat shrink films, utilizing heat shrink films to stretch and/or the shrinkable polymer film obtains described film (JP-A-5-157911 to obtain orientation by heating, JP-A-11-125716 has described this method among the JP-A-2001-13324 etc.).Utilize suitable heating means, as the method for utilizing hot-rolling heating, add hot-air and being used in combination these methods utilizes under heating state roller to carry out the longitudinal stretching of front.In addition,, can use suitable method, biaxial stretch-formed method and the successively biaxial-oriented method of utilizing roller/expansion cloth machine method when expanding cloth machine system as utilizing fully for utilizing the biaxial stretch-formed system that expands the cloth machine.

In addition, preferred inhomogeneous orientation and the less film of inhomogeneous delay.Although film thickness can suitably be determined according to postponing etc., usually, consider preferred 1 to 300 μ m, more preferably 10 to 200 μ m, further preferred 20 to 150 μ m from the viewpoint of thinning.

[second postpones the zone]

In an embodiment of liquid crystal indicator of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, compare with the first delay zone, second postpones the zone is arranged near in the position of liquid crystal cells.In this embodiment, preferred second refractive index n that postpones in the area planar _xAnd n _yRoughly be equal to each other, difference therebetween preferably is no more than 0.05, more preferably no more than 0.02, further preferably is no more than 0.01.Postpone not comprise any optical axis in the regional plane second.In addition, second postpones the regional delay Re in the face that is no more than 100nm that preferably has.Re further preferably is no more than 20nm more preferably no more than 50nm.In addition, the delay Rth on the thickness direction is preferably from 10nm to 140nm, more preferably from 30nm to 130nm, further preferably from 60nm to 110nm.

In this embodiment, when second position that postpones regional slow axis is not particularly limited, surpass in the situation of 20nm at second Re that postpones the zone, postpone in the zone second, preferred described slow axis is parallel to the axis of homology setting of the polarizing coating that is arranged on described close position.According to this setting, for example, first thickness that postpones the zone can be done thinlyyer.

In more detail, to get higher value be in about 0.4 the embodiment to the first Nz value that postpones the zone therein, second postpones the Rth in zone preferably from 30nm to 100nm, and therein the first Nz value that postpones the zone to get smaller value be in about 0.1 the embodiment, second postpone regional Rth preferably from 80 to 120nm.To get intermediate value be in about 0.25 the embodiment to first Nz that postpones the zone therein, second Rth that postpones the zone preferably from 60 to 100nm.Yet the front preferred range is the preferable range for the embodiment that comprises at least one diaphragm, and diaphragm has the delay Rth from 40nm to-100nm on thickness direction, and it is used to protect the polarizing coating between liquid crystal cells and the polarizing coating.

In another embodiment of liquid crystal indicator of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, compare with the first delay zone, second postpones the zone away from the liquid crystal cells setting.In this embodiment, preferred second refractive index n that postpones in the area planar _xAnd n _yRoughly be equal to each other, difference therebetween preferably is no more than 0.05, more preferably no more than 0.02, further preferably is no more than 0.01.Postpone not comprise any optical axis in the regional plane second.In addition, second postpones the regional delay Re in the face that is no more than 100nm that preferably has.Re further preferably is no more than 20nm more preferably no more than 50nm.In addition, the delay Rth on the thickness direction is preferably from 20nm to 120nm, more preferably from 25nm to 100nm, further preferably from 30nm to 80nm.

In this embodiment, when second position that postpones regional slow axis is not particularly limited, surpass in the situation of 20nm at second Re that postpones the zone, postpone in the zone second, preferred described slow axis is perpendicular to the axis of homology setting of the polarizing coating that is arranged on described close position.According to this setting, for example, first thickness that postpones the zone can be done thinlyyer.

In more detail, to get higher value be in about 0.4 the embodiment to the first Nz value that postpones the zone therein, second postpones the Rth in zone preferably from 30nm to 40nm, and therein the first Nz value that postpones the zone to get smaller value be in about 0.1 the embodiment, second postpone regional Rth preferably from 70 to 80nm.To get intermediate value be in about 0.25 the embodiment to first Nz that postpones the zone therein, second Rth that postpones the zone preferably from 50 to 70nm.Yet the front preferred range is the preferable range for the embodiment that comprises at least one diaphragm, and diaphragm has the delay Rth from 40nm to-50nm on thickness direction, and it is used to protect the polarizing coating between liquid crystal cells and the polarizing coating.

Aforementioned second postpones the zone is not particularly limited for its material, as long as it has aforesaid optical characteristics.For example, can use by film formed any phase shift films of birefringent polymer and any film that comprises retardation layer, the composition that comprises low-molecular-weight or high molecular liquid-crystal compounds by coating or transfer printing on transparent supporting body is produced described retardation layer.Second postpones the zone can comprise multilayer, in such embodiments, and can stacked two or more birefringent films, two or more retardation layer or at least one birefringent layers and at least one retardation layer.

Can make at an easy rate by the film formed phase shift films of the birefringent polymer with aforementioned optical characteristics (for example, JPA No.2002-139621 and JPANo.2002-146045) by single shaft or biaxial stretch-formed polymer film.By the solvent cast method, some acylated celluloses can produce this optical characteristics under the situation of not using any stretching step.The film that is formed by this acylated cellulose preferably is used in the second delay zone.At JPA No.2000-275434, JPA No.2001-166144 has described the example of this acylated cellulose among JPA No.2002-161144 and the JPA No.2002-90541.As the material of polymer film, generally use synthetic polymer (for example, polycarbonate, polysulfones, polyethersulfone, polyacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, norbornene polymer and acylated cellulose).

By on substrate or temporary base, applying the bar-shaped cholesteric liquid crystal compositions comprise chirality (chiral) structural unit, its screw axis being approximately perpendicular to the substrate orientation, being fixed then, can make the retardation layer that forms by the composition that comprises liquid-crystal compounds with aforementioned optical characteristics.On temporary base, form in the situation of aforementioned retardation layer, can be transferred to by the retardation layer that will form and form described retardation layer on the substrate.In addition, also use and to have the disc-like liquid crystal compound vertical orientation of negative birefringence (director is perpendicular to the substrate orientation) and be fixed and the retardation layer for preparing and by on substrate, applying and the fixing retardation layer for preparing of polyimide polymer.In addition, having second of aforementioned optical characteristics postpones the zone and comprises a plurality of retardation layers.In addition, second postpones the zone can so construct, and promptly the integral body of supporter and retardation layer lamination satisfies aforementioned optical characteristics.

The applying liquid that comprises the disc-like liquid crystal compound by coating, apply polymerization initiator, air interface vertical orientation agent (described in Japanese patent application 2003-388308 number) and other adjuvants to the homeotropic alignment layer that forms on the substrate if necessary, make contain by comprise retardation layer that the disc-like liquid crystal compound compositions forms second postpone regional.As the both alignment layers that is used for disc-like liquid crystal molecule vertical orientation, can use by what polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyimide, polyamide, polyacrylate etc. formed to have a solid, as the both alignment layers of organic acid or salt less than 0.1% weight content.After forming both alignment layers, carry out friction or do not carry out friction.

In addition, example, the example of painting method, other materials for the example of employed disc-like liquid crystal compound, the solvent that in the process of preparation applying liquid, uses, as polymerization initiator and polymerization single polymerization monomer and the substrate that in the process that forms phase shift films, uses, similarly with reference to the description of Japanese patent application 2004-37835 number.

[diaphragm of polarizing coating]

Liquid crystal indicator of the present invention comprises the diaphragm that can protect polarizing coating.Diaphragm is preferably in the visible region does not have absorbability, has 80% or bigger light transmission, and has based on birefringent less delayed.Specifically, in the face Re preferably from 0 to 30nm, more preferably from 0 to 15nm, most preferably from 0 to 5nm.In addition; comparing with the second delay zone; first postpones the embodiment that the more close liquid crystal cells in zone is provided with; for example in the embodiment shown in Fig. 2; the Rth that is arranged on the diaphragm (for example 7b among Fig. 2 and 19a) of liquid crystal cells one side preferably is no more than 40nm; more preferably from 40nm to-100nm, further preferably from 40nm to-50nm, most preferably from 20nm to-20nm.In addition; comparing with the first delay zone; second postpones the embodiment that the more close liquid crystal cells in zone is provided with; for example in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3; the Rth that is arranged on the diaphragm (for example 7b among Fig. 3 and 19a) of liquid crystal cells one side preferably is no more than 40nm; more preferably from 40nm to-50nm, further preferably from 20nm to-20nm.The optical characteristics of other diaphragms (for example 7a and the 19b among Fig. 2 and 3) is not particularly limited.

In addition, from making the less viewpoint of Rth, the thickness of diaphragm, the thickness that especially is arranged on the diaphragm of liquid crystal cells one side preferably is no more than 60 μ m, more preferably no more than 50 μ m, further preferably is no more than 40 μ m.Yet in order to satisfy the purpose of aforementioned optical characteristics, in the situation that diaphragm is formed by multilayer, the preferable range of thickness is not limited to this scope.

As diaphragm, although can suit to use any film, as long as it satisfies the characteristic of front, from the permanance viewpoint of polarizing coating, more preferably this film comprises acylated cellulose or norborene class film.

Norbornene polymer is to comprise the norborneol vinyl monomer, as norborene and derivant, Fourth Ring carbon dodecene and derivant, bicyclopentadiene and derivant thereof, methane tetrahydrochysene fluorenes (methanotetrahydrofluorene) and derivant thereof the polymer of monomers as principal ingredient; Its example comprise the norborneol vinyl monomer ring-opening polymerization polymer, norborneol vinyl monomer and can with the addition polymer of the ring opening copolymer thing of other monomers of its ring opening copolymer, norborneol vinyl monomer, norborneol vinyl monomer and can with the addition copolymer of other monomers of its copolymerization and their hydrogenated products.Wherein, from the viewpoint of heat resistanceheat resistant and physical strength etc., the most preferably hydrogenated products of the monomer class ring-opening polymerization polymer of norborene.Select the polymkeric substance of norbornene polymer, cycloolefin or the molecular weight of polymkeric substance of ring conjugated diene according to application target.Yet, with regard to the polyisoprene that is scaled the gel permeation chromatography measurement by cyclohexane solution (perhaps being toluene solution) when polymkeric substance is insoluble in the cyclohexane or the weight-average molecular weight of polystyrene, when molecular weight generally from 5,000 to 500,000, preferably from 8,000 to 200,000, in the time of more preferably in from 10,000 to 100,000 the scope, well balance the shaping processability energy of physical strength and film, so this suits.

Acylated cellulose is not particularly limited, and no matter carboxyl groups is that aliphatic group or aromatic yl group can.Its example comprises cellulosic alkyl-carbonyl ester, alkenyl carbonyl ester or aryl carbonyl ester and aromatic yl alkyl carbonyl ester; These esters can further have substituted radical, and preferred ester group has altogether and is no more than 22 carbon atoms.In ester family; the example of preferred acylated cellulose comprise have carboxyl groups, the acylated cellulose of allyl carbonyl group, aryl carbonyl group or cinnamoyl group; described carboxyl groups has sum and is no more than 22 carbon atom; for example acetyl group, propiono, bytyry, valeryl, heptanoyl group, caprylyl, capryl, dodecane acyl group, tridecane acyl group, hexadecane acyl group and octadecanoyl; described allyl carbonyl group is acryloyl group and methacrylyl for example, and described aryl carbonyl group is benzoyl and naphthyl for example.In these, preferred cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, acetylbutyrylcellulose, acetic acid cellulose stearate and acetic acid benzoic acid cellulose.When using the ester that mixes, although its ratio is not particularly limited, preferred acetic acid esters molar weight in whole ester accounts for 30% or more.

Wherein, preferred acylated cellulose, especially preferred other some acylated celluloses of photographic-grade.When satisfying rank, during as viscosity average polymerization degree and degree of substitution, can be at commercial other acylated cellulose of acquisition photographic-grade.The example of the manufacturer of other cellulosic triacetate of photographic-grade comprises Daicel Chemical Industries; Ltd. (for example; LT-20,30,40; 50; 70,35,55 and 105), Eastman Kodak Company (for example; CAB-551-0.01; CAB-551-0.02, CAB-500-5, CAB-381-0.5; CAB-381-02; CAB-381-20, CAB-321-0.2, CAP-504-0.2; CAP-482-20 and CA-398-3), Courtaulds FibersLimited and Hoechst AG, and can use other acylated cellulose of all photographic-grades.In addition, mechanical property and optical characteristics for controlling diaphragm, can mixed plasticizer (with respect to the weight of cellulose ester, preferred addition is 0.1 to 20wt%, after this roughly the same), modifier (0.1 to 20wt%), UV absorbing agent (0.01 to wt5%), have 5 molecules (0.001 to 5wt%) to the 3000nm mean grain size, fluorine class surfactant (0.001 to 2wt%), remover (0.0001 to 2wt%), antidegradant (0.0001 to 2wt%), control optically anisotropic reagent (0.1 to 15wt%), IR absorbing agent (lists of references: JPA No.2002-277632 such as (0.1 to 5wt%), JPA No.2002-182215, March 15 calendar year 2001 is by the 16th to 22 page of the disclosed Kohkai GihoNo.2001-1745 of Japan Institute of Invention and Innovation).

As being the method for sheet or film, for example, can use hot melt molding method and solvent cast method with the transparent polymer mold pressing.More particularly, hot melt molding method can be divided into extruding forming method, push forming method, expansion molding method, injection moulding method, blowing moulding method and stretch forming method.In these methods, in order to obtain outstanding films such as physical strength, surface accuracy, preferred extruding forming method, expansion molding method and push forming method; Extruding forming method most preferably.Suitably select condition of molding according to application target and forming method.In the situation according to hot melt molding method, the right cylinder temperature suitably is made as preferably from 100 to 400 ℃, more preferably from 150 to 350 ℃.The thickness of aforementioned or film is from 10 to 300 μ m, more preferably from 30 to 200 μ m preferably.

Preferably from (Tg-30 ℃) to (Tg+60 ℃), more preferably during the temperature in from (Tg-10 ℃) to (Tg+50 ℃) scope, preferably carry out the stretching of aforementioned or film at least one direction with 1.01 to 2 times stretch ratio, wherein Tg represents the glass transition temperature of above-mentioned transparent polymer.Draw direction is at least one direction.In the situation by described of extrusion molding acquisition, its direction is preferably the mechanical flow direction (extruding direction) of polymkeric substance.As drawing process, preferred free shrink uniaxial tension method, width be uniaxial tension method and biaxial stretch-formed method fixedly.Control optical characteristics by control stretching ratio and heating-up temperature.

For the method and apparatus of making cellulose acylate film, used herein is general before solvent cast method and the solvent cast equipment that uses in the prior art.The dope (polymer solution) that will prepare in dissolver (jar) once is stored in the storage tank, dope is defoamed also thereby final preparation, the temperature of dope remains specified temp, for example 30 ℃, by for example accurately supplying with the gaging pressure gear-type pump of dope with in dope taking-up and the supply entrance pressure mould according to rotation number, slit by pressing mold is cast to dope on the cast element of metal support of continuous running equably then, at the pick-up point place that metal support almost rotates a circle, still wet dope film (this is called nethike embrane) is peeled off from metal support.In this casting step, can cast simultaneously or cast two or more dopes jointly.

External temperature in the casting step preferably is located at-50 ℃ to 50 ℃, more preferably from-30 ℃ to 40 ℃, most preferably in-20 ℃ to 30 ℃ scope.Be cast on the support component if the acylated cellobiose cellulose solution flows with lower temperature, solution will cool off on support component fast, and has improved gel strength.Thereby, can obtain to comprise the film of a large amount of organic solvents and can peel off from support component at short notice, do not need to evaporate organic solvent.Can cool off casting film system environment on every side with air or nitrogen, argon or helium gas.Casting film is 0 to 70%, carries out during preferred 0 to 50% relative humidity.The temperature that its top-pour is cast with the support component (casting film element) of acylated cellulose solution preferably is located at-50 to 130 ℃, more preferably-30 to 25 ℃, most preferably-20 in 15 ℃ scope.In order to cool off curtain coating system membrane component, can in the casting film element, introduce the air of cooling.Can use the cooling device cooling curtain coating system membrane component that is arranged on casting film element place.It is very important avoiding dewdrop on the casting film element to condense in cooling step.Using gases preferably uses dry gas to cool off.

Next, when the two ends of the nethike embrane of clamping acquisition like this when guaranteeing its width, transmit nethike embrane and dry with expanding the cloth machine, further it is delivered to then nethike embrane is carried out in the exsiccator of finish-drying with roller, afterwards it is rolls-up onto preset width around up-coiler.According to the purpose of the film of manufacturing, can change the expansion cloth machine with roller and the combination of exsiccator.

The residual solvent content of desciccator diaphragm preferably 0 to 5wt%, more preferably 0 to 2wt%, is more preferably 0 in the scope of 1wt%.After drying, when reducing its edge, roll described film.Preferred width is from 0.5 to 5m, and preferred width is from 0.7 to 3m, and most preferred width is to 2m from 1.The length of preferably rolling is that preferred length is from 500 to 10000m from 300 to 30000m, and the length that is more preferably is to 7000m from 1000.

For Re or Rth with described film are set in the preferred range, can carry out stretching.Be that any stage (for example stage after peeling off described film from support component before finishing drying) or any stage after drying before the dry step all can stretch.After film formed step, (online) carried out and stretches incessantly, and perhaps any (off line) discontinuously stretches after film forms step and rolls step.

Preferred Tg ℃ to (Tg+50 ℃), more preferably (Tg+1 ℃) to (Tg+30 ℃) most preferably carries out stretching during the temperature in the scope of (Tg+2 ℃) to (Tg+20 ℃).Degree of drawing is ideally 1% to 500%, and more preferably 3% to 400%, be more preferably in 5% to 300% the scope.Can be used as a step or a plurality of step and carry out stretching.

Can use two pairs or many to mip rolls in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal stretching) carry out this stretching, perhaps use two edges that clip clamps film with the orthogonal directions of length direction on (cross directional stretch) carry out and stretch.Usually, according to drawing process, when degree of drawing is big, can obtain to show the film of big Rth.By between the degree of drawing of the degree of drawing of longitudinal stretching and cross directional stretch, setting the film that bigger difference can obtain to show big Re.

As the method that the Rth that acidylates cellulose membrane diminishes, be effective with compound with nonplanar structure with this film.In addition, can list in the method described in JPA No.hei 11-246704, JPA No.2001-247717 and the Japanese patent application No.2003-379975.In addition, by the less thick that acidylates cellulose membrane Rth is diminished.

Can reduce the reagent of Rth or have the acylated cellulose that is not less than 2.87 degree of substitution by adding, can make film with negative Rth by use.

The reagent that can reduce Rth is selected from the orientation that can upset the acylated cellulose molecule and itself is not orientated and/or has than the anisotropic compound of hypopolarization; Be preferably selected to have and be used to upset the polar group of acylated cellulose molecular orientation and the compound of non-polar group.For the orientation of upsetting the acylated cellulose molecule or reduction polarization anisotropy, reagent is preferably selected from the flexibility compound, and as liquid-crystal compounds, if compound has a plurality of aromatic rings, then preferred ring is not arranged in same plane.With respect to the weight of acylated cellulose, the amount of reagent that can reduce Rth is preferably from 0.1 to 30wt%, more preferably from 1 to 25wt%, is more preferably from 5 to 20wt%.

The method that has the acylated cellulose that is not less than 2.87 degree of substitution according to use; preferred film obtains by the casting dope that flows in the same manner as described above, and this dope is by preparing in the mixed solvent that acylated cellulose is dissolved in halogenated hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons and alcohol under the condition of cooling.Degree of substitution preferably is not less than 2.87, more preferably from 2.87 to .96, is more preferably from 2.88 to 2.95, and most preferably from 2.90 to 2.95.

The preferred example that is used to prepare the solvent of dope comprises dichloromethane, methyl formate, ethyl formate, methyl acetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, methyl alcohol, ethanol, 1-propyl alcohol, 2-propyl alcohol, 1-butanols, 2-butanols, cyclohexanol, methyl acetoacetate, hexane and cyclohexane.From the viewpoint of cellulose ester solubleness, with respect to the general assembly (TW) of solvent, it is 10 to 30wt% that solvent preferably comprises content, more preferably 11 arrives 30wt%, is more preferably 12 to 25wt% alcohol.

From reducing the viewpoint of Rth; general assembly (TW) with respect to solvent; comprising content in solvent ideally is 1 to 10wt%; more preferably 1.5 arrive 8wt%; be more preferably 2 to 6wt% weak for acylated cellulose, have an organic solvent that is not less than 95 ℃ of boiling points; it can not evaporate with halogenated hydrocarbons when the commitment of drying steps, and it concentrates gradually.From reducing load of peeling off from band and the viewpoint that reduces Rth, this have the weak organic solvent that is not less than 95 ℃ of boiling points and be preferably selected from alcohol; From reducing the viewpoint of dry and the difficulty of boosting productivity, preferably use two or more alcohol, one of them has the boiling point that is not less than 95 ℃, and another has and is lower than 95 ℃ boiling point.

The acylated cellobiose cellulose solution preferably prepares according to the hot-cold lysis method, and can prepare according to the combination of hot-cold lysis method and high-temperature digestion method.At JPA No.syo 58-127737; JPANo.syo 61-106628; JPA No.hei 2-276830; JPA No.hei 4-259511; JPA No.hei 5-163301; JPA No.hei 9-95544, JPA No.hei 10-45950, JPA No.hei10-95854; JPA No.hei 11-71463; JPA No.hei 11-302388, JPA No.hei11-322946, JPA No.hei 11-322947; JPA No.hei 11-323017; JPA No.2000-53784, JPA No.2000-273184 describes the method for preparing the acylated cellobiose cellulose solution in detail among the JPA No.2000-273239 etc.

By stretching polymer film on the thickness direction of film (for example JPA No.2000-162436) or coating ethylene carbazole polymer and dry (for example JPA No.2001-091746), be easy to make and be used to have the diaphragm of Rth for the polarizing coating of negative this optical characteristics.In addition, diaphragm comprises liquid crystal material, and for example it is to have the retardation layer that Rth forms for the composition of the liquid-crystal compounds of negative this optical characteristics by comprising.The example of this retardation layer comprises by orientation and comprises the cholesteric disc-like liquid crystal compound of chiral building block or its composition so that its turning axle is approximately perpendicular to substrate and the layer made and have the anisotropic rod shaped liquid crystal compound of positive refracting power or its composition and (for example be fixed the layer made by being approximately perpendicular to the substrate orientation of being fixed, see JPA No.hei 6-331826 and Jap.P. No.2,853,064).The rod shaped liquid crystal compound can be low molecular compound or macromolecular compound.In addition, except that a slice retardation layer, can construct by stacked a plurality of retardation layers and have the diaphragm of Rth for negative this optical characteristics.In addition, establishing protective film like this, promptly the whole lamination of supporter and retardation layer satisfies the optical characteristics of front.As employed rod shaped liquid crystal compound, suitable use in the temperature range of carrying out orientation and fixing, present nematic liquid crystal mutually, the liquid-crystal compounds of smectic liquid crystal phase or lyotropic liquid crystal phase.Preferred wherein can obtain even vertical orientation not fluctuation, show smectic A mutually and B liquid crystal mutually.Particularly, for the rod shaped liquid crystal compound that when having adjuvant, in suitable orientation temperature, becomes the foregoing liquid crystal state, also preferably comprise above-mentioned adjuvant and the rod shaped liquid crystal compound compositions forms described layer by use.

In order to improve the cohesiveness between diaphragm and the layer disposed thereon (tack coat, passivation layer, both alignment layers, retardation layer, anti-reflecting layer, hard conating, antistatic layer or Bewildering resistance layer); make described film through surface treatment, (sour saponification processing or alkali soap processing) handled in for example glow discharge processing, Corona discharge Treatment, ultraviolet light (UV) processing, flame treatment or saponification.Preferred glow discharge processing and alkali soap processing.Use or do not use this surface treatment, can form undercoat (tack coat).On March 5 calendar year 2001 of Japan Institute of Invention and Innovation 32 pages of disclosed Kokai Giho No.2001-1745, describe this undercoat in detail.In addition; in order in transfer step, to give sliding property and after rolling, to stop bonding between the back side and the surface; for diaphragm or vertical protection film; the preferred diaphragm of making by coated polymer layer on supporter one side that uses; described polymeric layer wherein is mixed with has about 10 inorganic particles to 100nm average particle size particle size and 5% to 40% solid weight number percent, perhaps uses along the diaphragm of the common casting of supporter.Describe the various functional layers that are formed on the cellulose acylate film in detail on March 5 calendar year 2001 of Japan Institute of Invention andInnovation 32 to 45 pages of disclosed Kokai Giho No.2001-1745, these may be used to the present invention.

Embodiment

Following paragraph describes in further detail the present invention with reference to certain embodiments.Note, under the situation that does not break away from spirit of the present invention, but the amount of any material of appropriate change, reactant, use or ratio, operation or the like.Therefore scope of the present invention and do not mean that and be limited to specific embodiment described below.

[embodiment 1]

The preparation of＜IPS mode liquid crystal unit No.1 〉

As shown in fig. 1, be that the interval of 20 μ m is provided with electrode (2 among Fig. 1 and 3) between with adjacent electrode on a slice glass substrate, be provided as the polyimide film of alignment film thereon and make it through friction treatment.On the direction shown in Fig. 14, carry out friction treatment.On a surface of a slice glass substrate polyimide film is set, it prepares respectively and through friction treatment, forms alignment film thus.Superpose two sheet glass substrates and stacked by this way each other, promptly alignment film toward each other, the gap between the substrate (d) is adjusted into 3.9 μ m, the frictional direction of two sheet glass substrates is parallel.Next, pack into therein have the refractive index anisotropy (Δ n) be 0.0769, positive dielectric anisotropy (Δ ε) is 4.5 nematic liquid-crystal composition.It is the value of 300nm that liquid crystal layer has d Δ n.

＜the first postpones the preparation of regional No.1 to 4 〉

On two surfaces of polycarbonate membrane with the thick and 120nm Re of 80 μ m by acrylic acid tack coat bonding by the film formed heat shrinkage film of uniaxial tension polyester, thereby their slow axis intersects vertically.In the time of 160 ℃, heat this lamination and when shrinking this heat shrinkage film, use draw unit to adjust, with length 92%, 88% and 96% length before having contraction on the Width respectively.Afterwards, heat shrinkage film is separated, postpone regional No.1, the regional No.2 of first delay, the first regional No.3 of delay and the regional No.4 of first delay thereby obtain first respectively.

Use the angle of light correlativity of automatic birefringence analyzer (KOBRA-21ADH is made by Oji ScientificInstruments) measure R e, and calculate their optical characteristics.As a result, determined that first postpones the Re that regional No.1 has 160nm, the Rth of-40nm and 0.25 Nz; First postpones the Re that regional No.2 has 150nm, the Rth of-60nm and 0.10 Nz; First postpones the Re that regional No.3 has 140nm, the Rth of-21nm and 0.35 Nz; First postpones Re, the Rth of-26nm and 0.28 the Nz that regional No.4 has 120nm.

＜the second postpones the preparation of regional No.1 and 2 〉

In mixing tank, the composition below filling also stirs under heating condition so that each composition is dissolved in wherein, and preparation has the cellulose acetate solution of following surface compositions thus.

The prescription of cellulose acetate solution:

Cellulose acetate 100 weight portions with 60.9% degree of acetylation

Triphenyl phosphate (plastifier) 7.8 weight portions

Phosphoric acid biphenyl diphenyl (plastifier) 3.9 weight portions

Methylene chloride (first solvent) 300 weight portions

Methyl alcohol (second solvent) 54 weight portions

1-butanols (the 3rd solvent) 11 weight portions

In another mixing tank, fill the following delay reinforcing agent of 16 weight portions, the methylene chloride of 80 weight portions and the methyl alcohol of 20 weight portions, and under heating condition, stir, preparation postpones reinforcing agent solution thus.The delay reinforcing agent solution of 6 weight portions is mixed with the cellulose acetate solution of 487 weight portions, and stir this potpourri up hill and dale, thus the preparation dope.

Postpone reinforcing agent

Use the dope of thin strip casting machine casting gained.After the film surface temperature reaches 40 ℃ on the strip, in the time of 60 ℃, use dry this film of warm air one minute, peel off from strip then.Next, use dry this film of dry air 10 minutes in the time of 140 ℃, preparation has the film of 80 μ m thickness thus.

Determine the optical characteristics of this film by using automatic birefringence analyzer (KOBRA-21ADH is made by Oji ScientificInstruments) the angle of light correlativity of measure R e.As a result, this film has the Re of 5nm and the Rth of 80nm.This film postpones regional No.1 as second.

Prepare a film in the mode identical with the regional No.1 of second delay, difference is that the burst size of dope changes, thereby the thickness of this film is 60 μ m.Determine the optical characteristics of this film by using automatic birefringence analyzer (KOBRA-21ADH is made by Oji Scientific Instruments) the angle of light correlativity of measure R e.As a result, this film has the Re of 2nm and the Rth of 67nm.This film postpones regional No.2 as second.

The preparation of＜protective film of polarizing plate No.1 to 3 〉

(protective film of polarizing plate No.1)

In mixing tank, the composition below filling also stirs under heating condition, so that each composition is dissolved in wherein, prepares cellulose acetate solution A thus.

The prescription of＜cellulose acetate solution A 〉

Cellulose acetate 100 weight portions with 2.86 degree of substitution

Triphenyl phosphate (plastifier) 7.8 weight portions

Phosphoric acid biphenyl diphenyl (plastifier) 3.9 weight portions

Methylene chloride (first solvent) 300 weight portions

Methyl alcohol (second solvent) 54 weight portions

1-butanols (the 3rd solvent) 11 weight portions

In another mixing tank, the composition below filling also stirs under heating condition, so that each composition is dissolved in wherein, prepares additive solution B-1 thus.

The prescription of＜additive solution B-1 〉

Methylene chloride 80 weight portions

Methyl alcohol 20 weight portions

Optical anisotropy reduces agent 40 weight portions

Has following molecular formula

The additive solution B-1 that adds 40 weight portions for the cellulose acetate solution A of 477 weight portions, and potpourri thoroughly stirred, prepare dope thus.Dope is cast on the drum that is cooled to 0 ℃ from casting nozzle.When solvent is the state of 70% weight portion, film is peeled off, each is all fixed with the two ends of the film on the Width to expand cloth machine (pin described in Fig. 3 of JPA No.hei 4-1009 expands the cloth machine) by pin, and when keeping the gap dry described film, thereby in having the state that solvent is 3 to 5% weight portions, the stretch ratio on the horizontal direction (direction vertical with machine direction) is 3%.Afterwards, by between the roller of thermal treatment unit, sending the described film of further drying, prepared thus protective film of polarizing plate No.1 with 80 μ m thickness.

Use the angle of light correlativity of automatic birefringence analyzer (KOBRA-21ADH is made by Oji ScientificInstruments) measure R e, and calculate its optical characteristics.As a result, determine that protective film of polarizing plate No.1 has the Re of 1nm and the Rth of 6nm.

(protective film of polarizing plate No.2)

Use commercially available cellulose acetate membrane (FUJITAC TD80UF, by FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd. makes, Re=2nm Rth=48nm), makes its surface handle through saponification, uses the screw mandrel applicator with 2.4mL/m then ²Apply the commercially available vertical orientation film (JALS-204R is made by JSR Corporation) of having used methyl ethyl ketone (1: 1) dilution.After being right after, with warm air at 120 ℃ with dry 120 seconds of the film of gained.

On alignment film, (IRGACURE 907 for rod shaped liquid crystal compound, 0.06g Photoepolymerizationinitiater initiater below #2.3 screw mandrel coating 1.8g, make by Ciba-Geigy AG), 0.02g sensitizer (KAYACURE DETX, by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. makes) and be dissolved in the reagent below the 0.002g that is used for air interface place vertical orientation in the 9.2g methyl ethyl ketone.The alignment film of gained is bonded on the metal framework and heating 2 minutes in thermostat, arranging direction of rod shaped liquid-crystal compounds thus in the time of 100 ℃.Next, the high-pressure mercury vapor lamp that in the time of 100 ℃, uses 120W/cm under the UV radiation with rod shaped liquid crystal compound crosslink 30 seconds, cool to room temperature subsequently.So prepared protective film of polarizing plate No.2.

The rod shaped liquid crystal compound

Be used for reagent at air interface place vertical orientation

Use automatic birefringence analyzer (KOBRA-21ADH is made by Oji ScientificInstruments) to measure the angle of light correlativity of the Re of protective film of polarizing plate No.2.As a result, Re is 2nm, and Rth is-15nm.In addition, protective film of polarizing plate 2 has the integral thickness of 83nm.

(protective film of polarizing plate No.3)

(preparation of acylated cellobiose cellulose solution)

Use has the acylated cellulose powder of 2.91 degree of substitution.Acylated cellulose has 270 viscosity average polymerization degree; 0.93 6 degree of substitution; the acetone extraction amount of 7wt%; weight-average molecular weight is 2.3 with respect to the ratio of number-average molecular weight; 160 ℃ glass transition temperature (Tg); the wet amount of 0.2wt%; the viscosity of 6wt% dichloromethane solution is 305mPas; be not more than the acetate residual volume of 0.1wt%; the Ca content of 65ppm; the Mg content of 26ppm; 0.8ppm iron content; the iron sulfate content of 18ppm; 1.9 yellow colour index; and the separation of 47ppm (isolation) acetate amount.The average particle size particle size of powder is 1.5mm, and standard deviation is 0.5mm.

Recirculated cooling water and being equipped with in the stainless steel 400L jar of stirring vane around, pour the methylene chloride (main solvent) of 80.0wt part into, 10.0wt the methyl alcohol (second solvent) of part, 5.0wt the butanols (the 3rd solvent) of part, 2.4wt the trimethylolpropane tris acetic acid esters (plastifier) of part, 2,6-two-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (antidegradant), 0.2wt 2 of part, two (octyl group sulphur)-6-(the 4-hydroxyls-3 of 4-, 5-two-tert-butyl anilino-)-1,3,5-triazine (UV absorbing agent A), 0.2wt 2-(the 2 '-hydroxyl-3 ' of part, 5 '-two-tert-butyl phenyl)-5-chlorobenzene triazole, (UV absorbing agent B), 0.2wt 2-(2 '-hydroxyl-3 ', 5 ' two-uncles-amyl group the phenyl)-5-chlorobenzene triazole (UV absorbing agent C) of part, 0.05wt (the Mohs value: about 7) of the silica dioxide granule with 20nm mean grain size of part, ETHYL CTTRATE (monoesters and dibasic acid esters are with the potpourri of 1: 1 ratio) with 0.04wt part.Moisture content in methylene chloride (main solvent), methyl alcohol (second solvent) and the butanols (the 3rd solvent) is not more than 0.2wt%.

When stirring and disperseing these compositions, the cellulose that adds 20wt part gradually, the dope that preparation has the 200Kg general assembly (TW).After giving jar interpolation acylated cellulose powder, the pressure in the jar is reduced 1300Pa.Use is with the peripheral speed (shear stress: 5 * 10 of 15m/sec ⁴Kgf/sec ²) the eccentric stirring rod of dissolving type that stirs and with the peripheral speed (shear stress: 1 * 10 of 1m/sec ⁴Kgf/sec ²) stirring rod that has a blade at central shaft that stirs carries out 30 minutes stirring.The temperature of solution is made as 25 ℃ when beginning to stir, and stir under with the water-cooled condition that flows, and the temperature that stirs solution when finishing is made as 35 ℃.Stop to dissolve the eccentric stirring rod of type, and the peripheral speed that will have a stirring rod of blade becomes 0.5m/sec, then in the stirring of carrying out 100 minutes, acylated cellulose powder (thin slice) is used to expand.With nitrogen the pressure in the jar is increased 0.12MPa, finish until expand.For fear of blast, concentration of oxygen keeps below 0.2vol.%.Determine that the moisture content in the dope is not more than 0.2wt%.

The helicoidal pump that is heated to be 30 ℃ by the axle central part transmits the colloid product that obtains, and makes it pass cooling end, and this cooling end was cooled 3 minutes at-75 ℃ from the outside of screw rod.Use the freezing machine of-80 ℃ of cold-producing mediums to cool off.Solution with cooling when transmitting by helicoidal pump heats 35 ℃, and is sent in the rustless steel container.Agitating solution is 2 hours in the time of 50 ℃, thereby become even, make it pass filter paper (by ToyoRoshi Kaisha, the #63 that Ltd. makes) with the absolute filtering accuracy of 0.01mm and filter paper (by the FH025 of PALL Ltd. manufacturing) then with the absolute filtering accuracy of 2.5 μ m.The solution that obtains is heating and pressurizeing during at 1MPa in the time of 110 ℃ in the heating and pressurizing portion of pump, discharges down at normal pressure (0.1MPa) then, thus the evaporation organic solvent.Thereby, obtained to comprise 40 ℃ solution of 24.0wt% acylated cellulose.This solution has the viscosity of 120Pas in the time of 40 ℃, at 15 ℃, have 3800Pa, the dynamic storage modulus of 35000Pa and 240000Pa when-5 ℃ and-50 ℃ respectively.The total polymerization degree is from 2,800,000 to 3,200,000.

(preparation of cellulose acylate film)

After the solution that will obtain filters and remains on 50 ℃, make solution pass through the curtain coating mould described in the JPA No.hei11-314233, and flow with cydariform with 3m diameter and to cast on the finished surface of mirror of stainless steel supporter, the temperature of supporter is made as-5 ℃.Casting film speed is made as 75/min, and application width is made as 200cm.The temperature of casting film system surrounding environment is made as 15 ℃.The point place of 50cm is cast to flow of solution on the supporter before the mobile casting zone that forms cellulose acylate film.Then, cellulose acylate film is transmitted the 50cm distance, peel off and expand the cloth machine with pin and catch two edges from supporter.To expand cellulose acylate film that the cloth machine catches with pin transmits in the dry section.At first drying stage, transmit 45 ℃ dry air for described film.With 110 ℃ of air with dry 5 minutes of described film, with 145 ℃ of described films of air drying 10 minutes (temperature of film is approximately 140 ℃).Thus, obtained to have the film of 80 μ m thickness.

Shear a part of film at 3cm place, distance edge, apply for 2 to 10mm zone and have 100 μ m embossing highly, then film is rolled apart from the edge.Thus, made protective film of polarizing plate No.3.

Use automatic birefringence analyzer (KOBRA-21ADH is made by Oji ScientificInstruments) to measure the angle of light correlativity of the Re of protective film of polarizing plate No.3.As a result, Re is 0.3nm, and Rth is-43nm.With the surface condition of eye examination protective film of polarizing plate No.3, both do not found in the surface that crosswise is inhomogeneous, did not find spot yet.

The preparation of＜polarization plates A 〉

Next, on the polyvinyl alcohol film that stretches, adsorb iodine, with the preparation polarizing coating.Make commercially available cellulose acetate membrane (FUJITAC TD80UF, by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. makes, Re=2nm Rth=48nm) handles through saponification and uses the polyvinyl alcohol cementing agent to paste on the surface of polarizing coating.In addition, on another surface of polarizing coating, use the polyvinyl alcohol cementing agent so to paste protective film of polarizing plate No.2, promptly cellulose acetate membrane one side has prepared polarization plates A thus to polarizing coating one side.

The preparation of＜polarization plates B 〉

Prepare polarizing coating in an identical manner, and make commercially available cellulose acetate membrane (FUJITAC TD80UF, by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. makes) paste on the surface of polarizing coating through saponification processing and use polyvinyl alcohol cementing agent.In addition, in an identical manner the protective film of polarizing plate No.1 for preparing is previously pasted on the opposite side of polarizing coating, prepared polarization plates B thus.

The preparation of＜polarization plates C 〉

Commercially available cellulose acetate membrane (FUJITAC TD80UF, by Fuji PhotoFilm Co., Ltd. makes) is pasted on the surface of polarizing coating through saponification processing and use polyvinyl alcohol cementing agent.In addition, make commercially available cellulose acetate membrane (FUJITAC T40UZ in an identical manner, by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. make, Re=1nm, Rth=35nm, thickness: 40 μ m) paste on the opposite side of polarizing coating, prepared polarization plates C thus through saponification processing and use polyvinyl alcohol cementing agent.

The preparation of＜polarization plates D 〉

Prepare polarizing coating in an identical manner, and make commercially available cellulose acetate membrane (FUJITAC TD80UF, by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. makes) paste on two surfaces of polarizing coating through saponification processing and use polyvinyl alcohol cementing agent, prepare polarization plates D thus.

The preparation of＜polarization plates E 〉

Prepare polarizing coating in an identical manner, and make commercially available cellulose acetate membrane (FUJITAC TD80UF, by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. makes) paste on the surface of polarizing coating through saponification processing and use polyvinyl alcohol cementing agent.In addition, in an identical manner the protective film of polarizing plate No.3 for preparing is previously pasted on the opposite side of polarizing coating, prepared polarization plates E thus.

[embodiment 1]

That uses that acroleic acid binding agent will prepare in the following manner first postpones the protective film of polarizing plate No.2 side that regional No.1 pastes polarization plates A, i.e. the slow axis of the axis of homology of polarizing coating and the regional No.1 of first delay intersection that is perpendicular to one another.In addition, using acroleic acid binding agent to postpone regional No.1 with second pastes on it.

This lamination is pasted in the following manner on the side of the IPS mode liquid crystal unit No.1 for preparing before, be the axis of homology of polarization plates be parallel to liquid crystal cells frictional direction (in other words, when black state, first postpones the slow axis square crossing of slow axis with the liquid crystal molecule of liquid crystal cells of regional No.1) and the regional No.1 of second delay side to liquid crystal cell side.

Subsequently, polarization plates C is pasted in the following manner on the opposite side of this IPS mode liquid crystal unit No.1, promptly FUJITAC T40UZ side for quadrature Nichol is provided with, has prepared liquid crystal indicator to liquid crystal cell side and itself and polarization plates A thus.Measure so light leak of the liquid crystal indicator of preparation.The liquid crystal cells No.1 that does not have polarization plates is placed on the showcase (schaukasten) in the darkroom, brightness with the unit in the black state of brightness photometer measurement, brightness 1, described brightness photometer are to be provided with away from unit 1m on 45 ° of counter clockwise directions and on the 60 ° of vergence directions of normal with respect to the unit at the frictional direction with respect to the unit.

Afterwards, the liquid crystal cells No.1 that will have a polarization plates is placed on the showcase in the darkroom, and the brightness to measure the unit in the black state with top identical mode, brightness 2.Brightness 2 is defined as light leak with the number percent of brightness 1.The light leak that calculates is 0.08%.

[embodiment 2]

That uses that acroleic acid binding agent will prepare in the following manner first postpones the protective film of polarizing plate No.1 side that regional No.2 pastes polarization plates B, i.e. the slow axis of the axis of homology of polarizing coating and the regional No.2 of first delay intersection that is perpendicular to one another.In addition, using acroleic acid binding agent to postpone regional No.1 with second pastes on it.

This lamination is pasted in the following manner on the side of the IPS mode liquid crystal unit No.1 for preparing before, be the axis of homology of polarization plates be parallel to liquid crystal cells frictional direction (in other words, when black state, first postpones the slow axis square crossing of slow axis with the liquid crystal molecule of liquid crystal cells of regional No.2) and the regional No.1 of second delay side to liquid crystal cell side.

Subsequently, polarization plates B is pasted in the following manner on the opposite side of this IPS mode liquid crystal unit No.1, promptly protective film of polarizing plate No.1 side for quadrature Niehol is provided with, has prepared liquid crystal indicator to liquid crystal cell side and itself and polarization plates B thus.To measure the light leak of the liquid crystal indicator of preparation like this with top identical mode.Light leak is 0.08%.

[embodiment 3]

The regional No.3 of first delay that uses acroleic acid binding agent will prepare in the following manner pastes on the polarization plates D, and promptly the slow axis of the axis of homology of polarizing coating and the regional No.3 of first delay is parallel to each other.In this structure, postpone the zone corresponding to second as the FUJITAC TD80UF with 2nm Re and 48nm Rth of the diaphragm of polarization plates D.

This lamination is pasted in the following manner on the side of the IPS mode liquid crystal unit No.1 for preparing before, be the axis of homology of polarization plates be parallel to liquid crystal cells frictional direction (in other words, when black state, first slow axis that postpones regional No.3 is parallel to the slow axis of the liquid crystal molecule of liquid crystal cells) and first postpone regional No.3 side to liquid crystal cell side.

Subsequently, polarization plates C is pasted in the following manner on the opposite side of this IPS mode liquid crystal unit No.1, promptly FUJITAC T40UZ side for quadrature Nichol is provided with, has prepared liquid crystal indicator to liquid crystal cell side and itself and polarization plates D thus.To measure the light leak of the liquid crystal indicator of preparation like this with top identical mode.Light leak is 0.09%.

[embodiment 4]

The regional No.1 of first delay that uses acroleic acid binding agent will prepare in the following manner pastes on the polarization plates D, and promptly the slow axis of the axis of homology of polarizing coating and the regional No.1 of first delay is parallel to each other.In this structure, postpone the zone corresponding to second as the FUJITAC TD80UF with 2nm Re and 48nm Rth of the diaphragm of polarization plates D.

This lamination is pasted in the following manner on the side of the IPS mode liquid crystal unit No.1 for preparing before, be the axis of homology of polarization plates be parallel to liquid crystal cells frictional direction (in other words, when black state, first slow axis that postpones regional No.1 is parallel to the slow axis of the liquid crystal molecule of liquid crystal cells) and first postpone regional No.1 side to liquid crystal cell side.

Subsequently, polarization plates B is pasted in the following manner on the opposite side of this IPS mode liquid crystal unit No.1, promptly protective film of polarizing plate No.1 side for quadrature Nichol is provided with, has prepared liquid crystal indicator to liquid crystal cell side and itself and polarization plates D thus.To measure the light leak of the liquid crystal indicator of preparation like this with top identical mode.Light leak is 0.04%.

[embodiment 5]

The regional No.1 of first delay that uses acroleic acid binding agent will prepare in the following manner pastes on the polarization plates D, and promptly the slow axis of the axis of homology of polarizing coating and the regional No.3 of first delay is parallel to each other.In this structure, postpone the zone corresponding to second as the FUJITAC TD80UF with 2nm Re and 48nm Rth of the diaphragm of polarization plates D.

This lamination is pasted in the following manner on the side of the IPS mode liquid crystal unit No.1 for preparing before, be the axis of homology of polarization plates be parallel to liquid crystal cells frictional direction (in other words, when black state, first slow axis that postpones regional No.1 is parallel to the slow axis of the liquid crystal molecule of liquid crystal cells) and first postpone regional No.1 side to liquid crystal cell side.

Subsequently, the polarization plates D that liquid crystal cell side diaphragm is wherein had 48nm Rth pastes on the opposite side of this IPS mode liquid crystal unit No.1 in the following manner, and promptly itself and opposite side polarization plates D have prepared liquid crystal indicator thus for quadrature Nichol is provided with.To measure the light leak of the liquid crystal indicator of preparation like this with top identical mode.Light leak is 0.19%.

In other words; notice that the embodiment 4 of polarization plates B that uses the diaphragm that wherein is arranged on liquid crystal side to have to be no more than 40nm Rth (Rth of the diaphragm of liquid crystal cell side is 6nm) is littler than using wherein diaphragm in liquid crystal cell side to have greater than the embodiment 5 of the polarization plates D of 40nm Rth (Rth of diaphragm is 48nm in the liquid crystal cell side) aspect the light leak.

[embodiment 6]

The regional No.4 of first delay that uses acroleic acid binding agent will prepare in the following manner pastes on the polarization plates E, and promptly the axis of homology of polarizing coating and first slow axis that postpones regional No.4 are perpendicular to one another.Using acroleic acid binding agent to postpone regional No.2 with second in addition pastes on it.

This lamination is pasted in the following manner on the side of the IPS mode liquid crystal unit No.1 for preparing before, be the axis of homology of polarization plates be parallel to liquid crystal cells frictional direction (in other words, when black state, first postpones the slow axis of the slow axis of regional No.4 perpendicular to the liquid crystal molecule of liquid crystal cells) and second postpone regional No.2 side to liquid crystal cell side.

Subsequently, polarization plates B is pasted in the following manner on the opposite side of this IPS mode liquid crystal unit No.1, promptly protective film of polarizing plate No.1 faces liquid crystal cell side and itself and polarization plates E for quadrature Nichol is provided with, and has prepared liquid crystal indicator thus.To measure the light leak of the liquid crystal indicator of preparation like this with top identical mode.Light leak is 0.02%.

[Comparative Examples 1]

The mode that is provided with quadrature Nichol on the both sides, IPS mode liquid crystal unit of preparation is before pasted commercially available polarization plates (HLC2-5618 is made by Sanritz Corporation), prepares liquid crystal indicator thus.Do not use optical compensation films.In the liquid crystal indicator in front, with embodiment 1 in identical mode paste polarization plates in the following manner, promptly the axis of homology of upper deflection board is parallel to the frictional direction of liquid crystal cells.Measure so light leak of the liquid crystal indicator of preparation.Light leak is 0.55%.

[Comparative Examples 2]

The regional No.2 of first delay that uses acroleic acid binding agent will prepare in the following manner pastes on the side of protective film of polarizing plate, and promptly the slow axis of the axis of homology of polarizing coating and the regional No.2 of first delay is parallel to each other.Using acroleic acid binding agent to postpone zone 1 with second in addition pastes on it.

This lamination is pasted in the following manner on the side of the IPS mode liquid crystal unit No.1 for preparing before, be the axis of homology of polarization plates be parallel to liquid crystal cells frictional direction (in other words, when black state, first slow axis that postpones regional No.2 is parallel to the slow axis of the liquid crystal molecule of liquid crystal cells) and second postpone regional No.1 side to liquid crystal cell side.

Subsequently, polarization plates B is pasted in the following manner on the opposite side of this IPS mode liquid crystal unit No.1, promptly protective film of polarizing plate No.1 side for quadrature Nichol is provided with, has prepared liquid crystal indicator to liquid crystal cell side and itself and polarization plates B thus.Measure so light leak of the liquid crystal indicator of preparation.Light leak is 0.99%.

The cross reference of related application

This application requires the right of priority of Japanese patent application No.2004-131539 that submits to April 27 in 2004 and the Japanese patent application No.2005-045775 that submitted on February 22nd, 2005.

Claims (9)

1. liquid crystal indicator, it comprises that first polarizing coating, first that is provided with in the following order postpones the liquid crystal cells and second polarizing coating that zone, second postpones the zone, comprises a pair of substrate of liquid crystal layer and clamping liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal molecule of described liquid crystal layer is parallel to the surperficial orientation of described a pair of substrate when deceiving state, wherein

First postpones interior the delay for from 70nm to 330nm of face in zone;

First value that postpones regional Rth/Re+0.5 is greater than 0 and less than 0.5, and wherein " Rth " is the delay on the regional thickness direction of first delay, and " Re " is delay in the regional face of first delay;

The second interior delay of face that postpones the zone is no more than 50nm, does not comprise any optical axis in the plane in the second delay zone, and second delay that postpones on the regional thickness direction is from 10nm to 140nm;

First postpones the axis of homology of the slow axis in zone perpendicular to first polarizing coating; And

The axis of homology of first polarizing coating is parallel to the slow-axis direction at the liquid crystal molecule of the liquid crystal layer of black state.

2. liquid crystal indicator according to claim 1 comprises:

The a pair of diaphragm that is used for clamping first polarizing coating, wherein this diaphragm to the close liquid crystal layer side setting in the diaphragm has the delay Rth on the thickness direction from 40nm to-100nm, and/or

The a pair of diaphragm that is used for clamping second polarizing coating, wherein this diaphragm to the close liquid crystal layer side setting in the diaphragm has the delay Rth on the thickness direction from 40nm to-100nm.

3. liquid crystal indicator, it comprises that first polarizing coating, second that is provided with in the following order postpones the liquid crystal cells and second polarizing coating that zone, first postpones the zone, comprises a pair of substrate of liquid crystal layer and clamping liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal molecule of described liquid crystal layer is parallel to the surperficial orientation of described a pair of substrate when deceiving state, wherein

First postpones interior the delay for from 80nm to 230nm of face in zone;

First value that postpones regional Rth/Re+0.5 is greater than 0 and less than 0.4, and wherein " Rth " is the delay on the regional thickness direction of first delay, and " Re " is delay in the regional face of first delay;

The second interior delay of face that postpones the zone is no more than 50nm, does not comprise any optical axis in the plane in the second delay zone, and second delay that postpones on the regional thickness direction is from 20nm to 120nm;

First slow axis that postpones the zone is parallel to the axis of homology of first polarizing coating; And

The axis of homology of first polarizing coating is parallel to the slow-axis direction at the liquid crystal molecule of the liquid crystal layer of black state.

4. liquid crystal indicator according to claim 3 comprises:

The a pair of diaphragm that is used for clamping first polarizing coating, wherein this diaphragm to the close liquid crystal layer side setting in the diaphragm has the delay Rth on the thickness direction from 40nm to-50nm, and/or

The a pair of diaphragm that is used for clamping second polarizing coating, wherein this diaphragm to the close liquid crystal layer side setting in the diaphragm has the delay Rth on the thickness direction from 40nm to-50nm.

5. according to claim 1 or 3 described liquid crystal indicators, comprising:

The a pair of diaphragm that is used for clamping first polarizing coating, wherein this diaphragm to the close liquid crystal layer side setting in the diaphragm has the delay Rth on the thickness direction from 20nm to-20nm, and/or

The a pair of diaphragm that is used for clamping second polarizing coating, wherein this diaphragm to the close liquid crystal layer side setting in the diaphragm has the delay Rth on the thickness direction from 20nm to-20nm.

6. according to claim 1 or 3 described liquid crystal indicators, comprising:

The a pair of diaphragm that is used for clamping first polarizing coating, wherein this diaphragm to the close liquid crystal layer side setting in the diaphragm has the thickness that is no more than 60 μ m, and/or

The a pair of diaphragm that is used for clamping second polarizing coating, wherein this diaphragm to the close liquid crystal layer side setting in the diaphragm has the thickness that is no more than 60 μ m.

7. according to claim 1 or 3 described liquid crystal indicators, comprising:

The a pair of diaphragm that is used for clamping first polarizing coating, wherein this diaphragm to the close liquid crystal layer side setting in the diaphragm comprises cellulose acylate film or norborene class film, and/or

The a pair of diaphragm that is used for clamping second polarizing coating, wherein this diaphragm to the close liquid crystal layer side setting in the diaphragm comprises cellulose acylate film or norborene class film.

8. according to claim 1 or 3 described liquid crystal indicators, comprising:

The a pair of diaphragm that is used for clamping first polarizing coating, wherein this diaphragm to the close liquid crystal layer side setting in the diaphragm comprises having the acylated cellulose that is not less than 2.87 carboxyl groups degree of substitution, and/or

The a pair of diaphragm that is used for clamping second polarizing coating, wherein this diaphragm to the close liquid crystal layer side setting in the diaphragm comprises having the acylated cellulose that is not less than 2.87 carboxyl groups degree of substitution.

9. according to claim 1 or 3 described liquid crystal indicators, wherein first postpones zone and second position that postpones the zone and is arranged in a pair of substrate of more close described liquid crystal cells substrate with observation side opposition side.

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