CN100475421C - Non-copper-plating solder - Google Patents
Non-copper-plating solder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100475421C CN100475421C CNB2006100798411A CN200610079841A CN100475421C CN 100475421 C CN100475421 C CN 100475421C CN B2006100798411 A CNB2006100798411 A CN B2006100798411A CN 200610079841 A CN200610079841 A CN 200610079841A CN 100475421 C CN100475421 C CN 100475421C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- welding
- wire
- welding wire
- voltage drop
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
- B23K35/0272—Rods, electrodes, wires with more than one layer of coating or sheathing material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/365—Selection of non-metallic compositions of coating materials either alone or conjoint with selection of soldering or welding materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
- B23K35/406—Filled tubular wire or rods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a non-coppering wire, which is characterized by the following: the wire can proceed CO<SUB>2</SUB> gas protective arc welding at 150-170A as even current, 2-4 mm current supplying length as end and 20-24 mm between end and mother material; the probability over 0.41 V is more than 70% between wire and end under 140-180A condition; 0.25-1.5g oil is loaded on the surface of each 10kg wire, which is selected from at least one kind of plant oil, animal oil, mineral oil and synthetic oil; the slide contact of wire can be welded stably without suddenly solidifying, which minimizes the welding slag and flue.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the non-coppering wire of a kind of solid core welding wire or flux cored wire form.
Background technology
(diameter 0.8～1.6mm) is used for the MAG weldering and (uses CO to use thin welding wire
2Or CO
2+ Ar) weldering has been convention with MIG.When welding, in the following manner from bobbin or pail pack supply welding wire.From bobbin (or pail pack), pull out an end of welding wire with the feed roller of feeding device, shift onto then in the bushing pipe (liner) of the underground cable behind the feed roller.Like this, welding wire arrives the tip that is placed on the on-the-spot welding torch of welding by this bushing pipe.
The pipeline bushing pipe is the flexible conduit that is formed by the copper cash that spiral twines.It is length 3～6m usually, reaches 10～20m sometimes.According to selecting enough length to the on-the-spot distance of welding.Even underground cable in narrow workplace with zigzag or place up and down, but no matter the feed condition how, all need be carried welding wire with constant rate stabilization ground.This feed performance is one of key property of welding wire.
When shifting onto in the bushing pipe with feed roller since with the contact friction of bushing pipe inside, so welding wire is facing to resistance.If the pipeline bushing pipe almost is straight, this resistance is not enough to must stop feed greatly.But, if crooked many times or the sharply crooked or undue elongation of underground cable will have bigger resistance.The resistance of this increase will be above feed capacity, thereby makes the feed performance variation.
In order to ensure stable feed performance, need to reduce resistance from the pipeline bushing pipe.The common mode that reduces feed resistance and raising feed performance is to arc welding wire surface applied lubricant (liquid or solid).
The method of the feed performance of following several improvement welding wires has been proposed.
Japan Patent discloses the oil that the Hei-08-157858 communique discloses capacity and is coated on the welding wire surface.
Japan Patent discloses the Hei-06-285678 communique and discloses kollag (MoS for example
2) be coated on the welding wire surface.
Japan Patent discloses the method that Sho-55-040068, Sho-56-144892, Hei-08-267284 and 2000-117486 communique disclose a kind of oil lubrication of holding with the crack of welding wire surface, and described crack produced when annealing reduces its intensity to welding wire before welding wire finally pulls into.
Japan Patent discloses Sho-58-184095, Hei-08-99188 and 2004-001061 communique and discloses a kind of usefulness and be filled in the lubricated method of powder in the groove that forms on the welding wire surface.
The feed resistance that welding wire was subjected to when above-mentioned prior art was mainly used to reduce welding.And, a kind of technology that arc stabilizer is filled in the groove that on welding wire surface, forms that Japan Patent discloses Hei-5-069181,2000-107881 and 2000-271780 communique.This technology is used for improving arc stability.
Summary of the invention
Unfortunately, disclosed prior art can not promote the welding wire feed performance and the arc stability of common electrical arc welding solid core welding wire inevitably in the above-mentioned patent application, and this is because the situation that they do not have attention to take place when the welding wire friction tips.Therefore, need a kind of new arc welding wire, it can easily weld, and has minimum welding slag and flue gas.
The inventor finds that welding current flows to the surface of welding wire from the tip, thereby puts fusion welding wire partly in its sliding-contact, and welding wire is being bonded on the tip after the curing.(after this this phenomenon being called bond vitrified).Bond vitrified is the key factor of decision welding wire feed performance.In fact, bond vitrified has increased the friction with pipeline bushing pipe inside, thereby increases the feed resistance widely.If the feed resistance surpasses 10kgf, feed roller no longer can be got caught up in welding rolls, slides between roller and welding wire.Because feed roller is usually hard than welding wire, the scraping welding wire surface that slides is accumulated in pipeline bushing pipe or the tip fragment (metal dust).The fragment of accumulation hinders welding wire feed successfully.
Finished the present invention to address the above problem.An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of non-coppering wire with following properties:
Sliding-contact point when welding between tip and welding wire surface is stablized the ability of fusion;
When continuous welding, do not solidify suddenly, otherwise, take place to solidify suddenly at sliding-contact point;
Excellent welding wire feed performance and arc stability;
Good machinability has minimum welding slag and flue gas.
An aspect of of the present present invention is intended to a kind of non-coppering wire, at average current is that to have distance between electric current supply length, tip and the fertile material of 2～4mm be that 20～24mm and the free kink that causes owing to wire bending have under the condition of 700～800mm diameter 150～170A, tip, and described welding wire can carry out C0
2Gas shielded arc welding; make that at electric current be under the condition of 140～180A; the probability that voltage drop between described welding wire and tip surpasses 0.41V is higher than 70%; the described welding wire of every 10kg is the oil of load 0.25～1.5g in its surface, and described oil is to be selected from least a in vegetable oil, animal oil, mineral oil and the artificial oil.
According to this aspect of the present invention, the probabilistic optimum seeking that voltage drop surpasses 0.41V should be higher than 80%, more preferably is higher than 90%.
In addition, according to this aspect of the present invention, the lubricant of the above-mentioned non-coppering wire of preferred every 10kg load 0.01～0.25g on its surface or in the superficial layer of its dark 100 μ m, described lubricant is to be selected from MoS
2, WS
2At least a with among the ZnS.
The welding wire of this aspect of the present invention carries out stable fusion in when welding at the sliding-contact point between it and the tip, does not solidify suddenly when continuous welding, otherwise at sliding-contact point curing suddenly takes place.Welding wire has excellent welding wire feed performance and arc stability.It also has excellent welding machinability and minimum welding slag and flue gas.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the figure that the equipment of bond vitrified power and feed resistance is measured in expression.
Fig. 2 represents with the welding current of measuring apparatus shown in Figure 1 and the figure of the relation between the feed resistance.
Fig. 3 is expression voltage drop (Ec) and contact point temperature (T
Max) between the figure of relation, this relation is at tip temperature (T
ERT) observed when being 300K, 400K, 500K, 600K, 700K, 800K and 900K.
Fig. 4 (a) is most advanced and sophisticated sectional view, and Fig. 4 (b) is the sectional view that is equipped with cuspidated welding torch.
Fig. 5 (a) is the figure of the relation between observed welding current and the voltage drop in the expression Comparative Examples.
Fig. 5 (b) is the figure of the relation between observed welding current and the voltage drop among the expression embodiment.
The figure of the probability density distribution of Fig. 6 (a) and 6 (b) voltage drop that to be expression take place in the scope at 40A when 140A changes to 180A when welding current.Fig. 6 (a) and 6 (b) corresponding respectively Fig. 5 (a) and 5 (b).
The figure that the amount (abscissa) that voltage drop (ordinate) when Fig. 7 is welding is reduced by roller die with diameter is drawn.
Fig. 8 is the figure of the relation between the product (abscissa) of the temperature of expression voltage drop (ordinate) and washings and wash time.
The figure of the relation when Fig. 9 is the expression welding between induction heating temperature and the voltage drop.
Figure 10 is the amount (abscissa) of expression ZnS and the figure of the relation between the voltage drop (ordinate).
Figure 11 be expression among the embodiment 1 welding current and the figure of the relation between the feed resistance.
Figure 12 be expression among the embodiment 2 welding current and the figure of the relation between the feed resistance.
Figure 13 be expression among the embodiment 3 welding current and the figure of the relation between the feed resistance.
Figure 14 be expression among the embodiment 4 welding current and the figure of the relation between the feed resistance.
Figure 15 be expression among the embodiment 5 welding current and the figure of the relation between the feed resistance.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings in more detail.The present invention is based on following thought: the feed resistance of welding wire derives from the welding current that flows through welding wire basically, is not machinery (friction) power that derives from simply between welding wire and the pipeline bushing pipe.
Fig. 1 represents to measure the equipment of bond vitrified power and feed resistance.The welding wire 11 service bushing pipes 3 (6m is long) that to untie from spool 1 with feed roller 2.Welding wire arrives welding torch 5 by pipeline bushing pipe 3.Feed roller 2 is fixed on the workbench 4b, and workbench 4b can move in framework 4a upper edge welding wire feed direction.Incidentally, pipeline bushing pipe 3 twines the welding wire that once makes through it and is subjected to mechanical drag force.One end of pipeline bushing pipe 3 (near an end of feed roller 2) is supported by support 8, and support 8 is fixed on the framework 4a.Apply weldingvoltage with the source of welding current 12 (can obtain on the market) of thyristor control tip 30 and the welding plate 6 by welding torch 5.Like this, between welding wire 11 that exposes from welding torch 5 and welding plate 6 electric arc takes place.When reaching welding plate 6 by pipeline bushing pipe 3 and welding torch 5, the welding wire 11 by feed roller 2 supplies is subjected to the feed resistance.This feed resistance itself shows as the power that welding wire 11 promotes removable workbench 4b.(in other words, the power that acts on feed roller 2 and support 8 or the framework 4a pushes away feed roller 2 with removable workbench 4b).Measure this power with the dynamometer 9 that is placed between removable workbench 4b and support 8 or the framework 4a.The power of Ce Dinging is represented the feed resistance like this.
Be connected to second dynamometer 5a on the welding torch 5 measure most advanced and sophisticated 30 and welding wire 11 between bond vitrified power.The dynamometer 5a heart therein has a hole so that welding wire 11 passes through.Welding wire 11 arrives most advanced and sophisticated 30 by this hole.In this action, welding current is supplied to welding wire 11 from tip 30, welding current makes the partial melting bonding takes place between welding wire 11 and most advanced and sophisticated 30.As a result, welding wire 11 gives most advanced and sophisticated 30 to apply a downward power.Measure this power with dynamometer 5a.(power that after this this is acted on most advanced and sophisticated 30 is called point resistance).Incidentally, because the easy soldered electric current of dynamometer damages, so dynamometer 5a and welding torch 5 complete electric insulations.Welding current directly is supplied to most advanced and sophisticated 30 from the source of welding current 12.
And the electric current supply cable of the source of welding current 12 is equipped with the hall device 10 that detects the pairing Hall current of welding current.The voltage that detects between welding torch 5 and the welding plate 6 with voltmeter 7 obtains weldingvoltage.Feed resistance, point resistance, welding current and the weldingvoltage measured like this are input to recorder 13.
Fig. 2 represents with the welding current of above-mentioned determining instrument mensuration and the figure of the relation between the feed resistance.Being noted that does not have welding current (or when welding current is zero), even supply welding wire 11 with 12 meters/minute speed, the feed resistance also is little (being lower than 20N).This feed resistance only is because the mechanical friction power between welding wire 11 and the pipeline bushing pipe 3.Be noted that on the other hand that after the welding beginning particularly after welding current surpassed 100A, along with welding current increases, the feed resistance began to increase.Symbol ■ among Fig. 2 is illustrated in the mean value of feed resistance under every kind of welding current level.The bound of representing the feed change in resistance from the extended error line of symbol ■.As shown in Figure 2, along with welding current increases, the feed resistance increases (variation of feed resistance also increases).Therefore, obtain when welding wire flows to the tip, producing the feed resistance when welding current.Welding current is big more, and the variation of feed resistance and feed resistance is big more.
The increase of feed resistance result from when welding current when the tip of welding torch 5 flows to welding wire 11, the fusion of sliding-contact point causes the fact of bond vitrified.This phenomenon of inventor's research experiment.Found that the effective means that reduces bond vitrified is to create sliding-contact point condition softening easily and that molten condition exists when welding.Find that also as long as sliding-contact point stably remains solid or stably remains softening or molten condition, the bond vitrified that flows to most advanced and sophisticated welding current generation from welding wire remains little, it is little that point resistance remains, and the feed resistance remains little.
No matter how are welding wire kind or welding wire surface state (metal species of electroplating on welding wire surface), this rule all is correct.When flowing through it, sliding-contact point almost all can not remain solid always when welding current (usually greatly to tens to the hundreds of ampere).From the angle of reality, need the sliding-contact point to remain softness or molten condition, rather than softening, fusion of experience repeatedly and curing off and on.
In order to know whether sliding-contact point all remains softness or molten condition always, need to measure the temperature of sliding-contact point.But the direct temperature measuring that is used for this purpose has difficulties, and therefore needs the substitute of temperature.
Free electron load current in the metal and heat show by the rule of sliding-contact point, at contact point temperature (T
Max) and the voltage drop (Ec) of contact point between should have certain relation, represent with following mathematical expression.
Ec＝{4L(T
max 2-T
ERT 2)}
1/2
In the formula, T
ERTThe expression tip temperature, L represents Lorenz number (2.45 * 10
-8(V/K)
2).
This Relationship Prediction contact point temperature T
MaxRaise with voltage drop (Ec) increase, when voltage drop (Ec) surpasses certain value, the contact point fusion.Specifically, this Relationship Prediction is supposed tip temperature (T
ERT) equal room temperature (300K), when voltage drop (Ec) when reaching 0.41V, copper (as the composition at tip) is in 1356K (fusing point) fusion down.Fig. 3 represents tip temperature (T
ERT) voltage drop (Ec) and contact point temperature (T under 300K, 400K, 500K, 600K, 700K, 800K or 900K
Max) between relation.In Fig. 3, leftmost curve is represented as tip temperature T
ERTObserved data when equaling room temperature (300K).Represent that to the curve on the right the tip temperature that changes is the data of 400K, 500K, 600K, 700K, 800K and 900K.
Conventional non-coppering wire has quite low resistance in its surperficial contact position.In addition, it has the resistance and the voltage drop (about the voltage drop that causes the copper fusion (Ec) 0.41V) of fluctuation.
Can be by regulating the surface state control voltage drop of welding wire.For this reason, can use in the following manner any.
(1) omits skin-pass step (this step is thought last in fact step in using oily or fatty situation).
(2) under the help of the lubricant that contains one or both soda soaps or potash soap, pull into the washing (more than 30 ℃ and 30 ℃) and the drying subsequently of the welding wire of last diameter.The welding wire that obtains has electric property and improves the surface uniformly.Reusable heat water or high temperature and high pressure steam are handled welding wire surface and are provided uniform resistance to welding wire surface.
(3), use dry lubricant with roller die or miniature mill (micromill) wire drawing on welding wire surface, being formed uniformly the mode of surface irregularity in the longitudinal direction.The small smooth scrambling that obtains has increased the resistance of welding wire surface equably.
(4) pull into the last diameter of product, then not produce undue surface oxidation but on welding wire surface, form the mode of very thin oxidation film, heating (high-frequency induction furnace) sufficiently long time under sufficiently high temperature.The welding wire that obtains has the sheet resistance of even increase.
(5) sulfide is retained on the welding wire surface.
In above-mentioned five steps, first and third step be different from the conventional steps that welding wire uses in producing.
According to production equipment, be used in combination these steps fully, can prepare the welding wire of the easy fusion in surface that needs.In other words, if welding wire surface has small smooth surface irregularity, oxidation film as thin as a wafer and residual sulfide uniformly on its entire circumference and length, welding current just can make the softening and fusion of welding wire surface always so.Technology of the present invention is applicable to solid core welding wire (not having solder flux) and flux cored wire.
40mm is long to be contacted with this hole at several points with welding wire because most advanced and sophisticated hole is about, so if measure with commonsense method, the voltage drop that produces during welding is very little.In other words, the voltage drop between tip and the welding wire takes place abreast at these contact points.Therefore, voltage drop can be measured with following manner of the present invention.
With the tip welding with the insulation sleeve that is inserted in its hole (not comprising the front end that about 3～4mm is long) shown in Figure 4 the time, measure voltage drop.Insulation sleeve only allows a contact point to exist on macroscopic view.
Fig. 4 (a) is most advanced and sophisticated sectional view.Fig. 4 (b) is the sectional view that is equipped with welding torch most advanced and sophisticated shown in Fig. 4 (a).Welding torch 20 is enclosed in the insulation sleeve 22, is connected on the cable 21 by its supply welding wire 11.In the lower end of welding torch 20 are Elecrical connectors 23, and Elecrical connector 23 is connected on the feed cable 24.The downside of connector 23 has a downward projection, and the top of most advanced and sophisticated 30 main body 31 is spun on this projection.Therefore, Elecrical connector 23 is electrically connected to feed cable 24 on the main body 31 at tip 30.The insulative cylinders 25 that downward projection is placed on it is surrounded, and insulative cylinders 25 is centered on by sleeve 26.In sleeve 26, place most advanced and sophisticated 30.Insulative cylinders 25 is equipped with the inlet 27 of protective gas.Like this, sleeve 26 is by inlet 27 supply protective gas.
Most advanced and sophisticated 30 have the hole (at the center of main body 31) that welding wire passes through.The inside in hole (the long fraction of about 3～4mm that does not comprise the front end at tip 33) covers with insulation sleeve 32, and for example the internal diameter of the measurement of insulation sleeve 32 is that 2.0mm and external diameter are 3.2mm.Insulation sleeve 32 prevents that welding wire 11 from electrically contacting conductive bodies 31.
It is bigger than welding wire 11 a little that most advanced and sophisticated 30 front end 33 has a diameter, but littler than the insulation sleeve 32 a little hole of diameter, thus welding wire 11 by the time directly do not contact conductive bodies 31.Like this, welding current directly is supplied to most advanced and sophisticated 30 front end 33, and electric current can not partly be supplied to welding wire 11 from any other metal at all.On anodal 28 tips 30 that are electrically connected in the sleeve 26, the negative pole (not shown) is connected on the end points of the welding wire 11 that is wrapped on the bobbin 1.With the potential difference between digital recorder (not shown) mensuration anodal 28 and the negative pole.
Welding torch 20 and most advanced and sophisticated 30 can be the welding wire of 1.2mm such as diameter with the average current welding of 150～170A.Average current is meant observed electric current on the ammeter in being connected the source of welding current.Do not have potential difference between the other end of an end of the welding wire 11 of contact tip 30 and the welding wire 11 that contacts bobbin 1, this is because electrogram circuit (or digital recorder) has fully big interior resistance, only has insignificant electric current to flow through.Therefore, measure anodal 27 and negative pole between potential difference be equivalent to measure potential difference between the front end 33 at welding wire 11 and tip 30.Fully synchronously the waveshape of welding current is input in the digital recorder with the signal of potential difference.Use hall device 10 or current divider can realize the detection of welding current, because the former has the good resistance of making an uproar, the former is preferred.For with 100% CO
2Do the welding of protection gas, only need to observe the relation between welding current and the voltage drop.This be because the welding under the short circuit condition of moment make electric current between about 100A and 400A significantly the fluctuation, owing to electric current up to 400A, this can measure voltage drop.The example of measuring is illustrated among Fig. 5.
Fig. 5 (a) is the figure that is illustrated in the relation between the observed welding current and voltage drop in the Comparative Examples.Fig. 5 (b) is the figure that represents the relation between observed in an embodiment welding current and the voltage drop.Even noting average current is 160A, the welding current of moment changes to 400A greatly from 20A, and this is because drop repeatedly experiences short circuiting transfer (short circuiting transfer) and droplet transfer (globular transfer).In Fig. 5, to draw transient voltage with respect to each current value and fall, the state of contact point is represented in the voltage drop of drawing like this.Because the copper of metallic state in the 0.41V fusion, is 0.41V so contact point critical voltage stably softening and fusion falls.
Fig. 6 (a) and 6 (b) represent to occur in the probability density distribution (occurrence frequency distribution) of the voltage drop in the 40A scope along with welding current in Fig. 5 (a) and 5 (b) changes to 180A from 140A.Specifically and welding current synchronously with 2 milliseconds measuring space voltage drop, draw the measured value of all voltage drops with respect to the electric current that changes to 180V from 140V.Probability density distribution represents that voltage drop surpasses the ratio of those points of 0.41V.In Fig. 6, voltage drop surpasses the probability of 0.41V and represents with the ratio of A/B, and wherein A represents the vertical line of the point by 0.41V and the area that curve surrounded on this vertical line right side, and B represents the gross area that this data and curves is surrounded.The probability density distribution of the voltage drop of the common non-coppering wire of Fig. 6 (a) expression.Notice that the probability that voltage drop surpasses 0.41V is about 0.5.Because at sliding-contact point fusion and curing take place repeatedly when welding,, can not stably operate so give birth to frequent bond vitrified with these wire welding sending and receiving with such welding wire.By contrast, the probability density distribution of the voltage drop of Fig. 6 (b) expression welding wire of the present invention.Notice that the probability that voltage drop surpasses 0.41V is higher than 0.9.Because at sliding-contact point fusion takes place always, so this welding wire can carry out stable operation.
From aforementioned discovery, described non-coppering wire (producing the non-coppering wire of effect of the present invention) is defined as follows according to the present invention.
(1) when described non-coppering wire be that to have distance between electric current supply length, tip and the fertile material of 2～4mm be 20～24mm and be used for CO because the free kink that wire bending forms has under the condition of 700～800mm diameter for 150～170A, tip at average current
2During gas shielded arc welding;
(2) be under the condition of 140～180A at electric current, the probability that the voltage drop between described welding wire and tip surpasses 0.41V is higher than 70%.
(3) in addition, the non-coppering wire of the present invention of every 10kg is at the oil of its area load 0.25～1.5g, and described oil is to be selected from least a in vegetable oil, animal oil, mineral oil and the artificial oil.
Condition in above-mentioned (1) is for measuring the welding that voltage drop is carried out.According to the present invention, weld with the welding current of wide distribution, the mean value of welding current is 150～170A.When welding, measure voltage drop with such welding current.For example, in the welding with the average welding current (the electric current instrument of bonding machine is set at 160A) of 160A, the actual welding electric current will moment ground fluctuation between 20A and 400A.Amperometric determination voltage drop between 140A and 180A, fluctuating as described later.
Described in above-mentioned (2), weld with the average welding current of 150～170A, draw the relation between actual current and the voltage drop as shown in Figure 6.Extract the data that actual current is 140～180A.The situation that needs voltage drop to surpass 0.41V accounts for 70% in all situations.In other words, the probability that needs voltage drop to surpass 0.41V should be higher than 70%.As long as satisfy this requirement, no matter with the welding current in the feeding system of 6 meters long pipeline bushing pipe cable of a ring how, the feed resistance all is no more than 60N.For the embodiment that mentions later, this is illustrated among Figure 11.Therefore, welding wire of the present invention is characterised in that the probability that voltage drop surpasses 0.41V is higher than 70%.
Welding wire of the present invention should satisfy above-mentioned condition (3).If oil mass is less than the 0.25g/10kg welding wire since with the mechanical friction of pipeline bushing pipe, the feed resistance will be above 60N.On the other hand, if oil mass greater than the 1.5g/10kg welding wire, excessive oil will cause that the pipeline bushing pipe stops up and the feed roller slip.
Can be selected from palm oil (vegetable oil), tallow (animal oil) and polyisoprene (artificial oil) by oil used in this invention.
If voltage drop surpasses the probability of 0.41V and is higher than 80%, no matter with the welding current in the feeding system of 6 meters long pipeline bushing pipe cable of a ring how, the feed resistance all is no more than 50N.This is illustrated among the Figure 12 that describes later.Therefore, the probability that needs voltage drop to surpass 0.41V is higher than 80%.And, be higher than 90% if voltage drop surpasses the probability of 0.41V, no matter with the welding current in the feeding system of 6 meters long pipeline bushing pipe cable of a ring how, the feed resistance all is no more than 40N.This is illustrated among the Figure 14 that describes later.Therefore, the probability that needs voltage drop to surpass 0.41V should be higher than 90%.
In addition, the lubricant of welding wire of the present invention that should preferred every 10kg load 0.01～0.25g in the superficial layer of its surface or dark 100 μ m, described lubricant is for being selected from MoS
2, WS
2At least a with among the ZnS.If welding wire has the lubricant of top appointment, no matter with the welding condition in the feeding system of 6 meters long pipeline bushing pipe cable of a ring how, the feed change in resistance all is not more than 10N.For the amount greater than the 0.25g/10kg welding wire, lubricant can produce obstruction in pipeline bushing pipe cable.
No matter wire types (solid core welding wire or flux cored wire) how, the relation between the state of voltage drop and sliding-contact point is correct basically.The state of sliding-contact point is influenced by the contact force between welding wire and the tip also.If contact force is zero, will there be an infinitely-great contact resistance to hinder the stable power supply.If contact force is greater than 50gf, the sliding-contact point is still stable.If after welding wire passes through the tip, it has about 750mm (apparent diameter of 750 ± 50mm) (apparent diameter) (or free kink diameter), no matter wire types (solid core welding wire or flux cored wire) how, needs only and regulates welding wire surface rightly, the sliding-contact point is still stable so.
Incidentally, suppose that welding wire of the present invention has the diameter of 0.8～1.6mm.
Prepare the sample of non-copper plating solid core welding wire with the roller die wire drawing, test voltage is fallen in the following manner.The composition (surplus is steel and unavoidable impurities) of following table 1 expression welding wire.
Table 1 (unit: quality %)
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ti |
| 0.04 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.24 |
Casement and the roller die rod that pulls into the pickling of diameter 5.25～5.6mm by series connection.The welding wire that the welding wire of diameter 5.5mm is pulled into diameter 1.2mm makes diameter reduce 4.3mm altogether.Fig. 7 reduces the diameter that roller die produces to be painted on the abscissa and voltage drop will weld the time is painted on figure on the ordinate.
Notice that from Fig. 7 when the diameter reduction amount that produces with roller die increased, voltage drop increased.
By intermediate annealing (when diameter is 2.4mm), pickling, with soda soap pull into final diameter by casement and under 30 ℃ with warm water thoroughly washing prepare another sample.The sample that obtains has oxidation film as thin as a wafer in its surface, so voltage drop increases significantly.Fig. 8 is the figure of the relation between the product (abscissa) of the temperature of expression voltage drop (ordinate) and washings and wash time.See obviously that from Fig. 8 voltage drop increases pro rata with the temperature of wash time or washings during welding.
Use HF induction heating apparatus (frequency of oscillation is 20kHz) in air, high temperature to be arrived in the transient heating of welding wire sample.The figure of the relation when Fig. 9 is the expression welding between induction heating temperature and the voltage drop.Be noted that voltage drop obviously increases if heating-up temperature is 300 ℃.Heating more than 450 ℃ produces the soft wire of the annealing that is not suitable for welding.
Figure 10 is the amount (abscissa) of ZnS on the expression welding wire surface and the figure of the relation between the voltage drop (ordinate).Notice that from Figure 10 when the oil of welding wire surface coating capacity and the ZnS, voltage drop increases.Be also noted that voltage drop increases pro rata with the amount of ZnS.Find that also this relation also is correct to other sulfide.
Embodiment
Test with solid core welding wire with chemical composition suitable with JIS YGW11.The composition (surplus is steel and unavoidable impurities) of following table 2 expression solid core welding wires.
Table 2 (unit: quality %)
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ti | O |
| 0.04 | 0.80 | 1.45 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.24 | 0.0040 |
When welding wire had the diameter of 5.25mm, it carried out pickling.Then, welding wire carries out cold drawn, washing and surface treatment under the condition shown in the embodiment 1～5.In cold drawn, welding wire is pulled into the diameter of 1.185 ± 0.015mm.In surface treatment, oil is coated on the welding wire surface.Incidentally, the program of present embodiment also is effective to welding wire or the flux cored wire with final diameter 0.6～1.6mm.
Use testing equipment shown in Figure 1, change welding current and voltage, evaluation effect (feed performance).Equipment has 6 meters long welding torches and gives the ring (diameter 300mm) of feed resistance.
Make diameter be reduced to 1.2mm with soda soap by dried the drawing of casement, prepare the sample welding wire from 5.5mm.The welding wire that pulls at last is immersed in 60 ℃ the hot water and washs for 2 seconds.After the drying, washed welding wire is with the amount coating artificial oil (polyisobutene) of 0.8g/10kg.Incidentally, the welding wire that pulls into does not at last use the skin rolling (for section shrinkage rate a little) of oil.
Figure 11 is the figure of the relation between expression welding current and the feed resistance.Notice that maximum feed resistance is 60N.Therefore, unless the feed resistance surpasses 100N, on the feed roller of folder power, do not slide with about 100N.Like this, ignore the fluctuation a little of welding wire feeding rate, the sample welding wire of present embodiment satisfies minimum requirement (metal dust does not stop up tip, spring line (spring liner) and pipeline).
Dried stretching with soda soap to making diameter be reduced to 2.4mm from 5.5mm by casement, dried stretching by roller die to making diameter be reduced to 1.25mm and dried stretching by casement to making diameter be reduced to 1.2mm from 1.25mm with soda soap from 2.4mm, prepare the sample welding wire like this.The welding wire that pulls at last is immersed in 70 ℃ the hot water and washs for 2 seconds.After the drying, washed welding wire is with the amount coating artificial oil (polyisobutene) of 0.8g/10kg.
Figure 12 is the figure of the relation between expression welding current and the feed resistance.Notice that maximum feed resistance is 50N.Sample welding wire in the present embodiment has minimum fluctuation on feeding speed, provide the welding slag of minimum.
Dried stretching with soda soap to making diameter be reduced to 1.28mm and dried stretching by casement to making diameter be reduced to 1.2mm from 1.28mm with soda soap from 5.5mm by roller die, prepare the sample welding wire like this.The welding wire that pulls at last is immersed in 65 ℃ the hot water and washs for 2 seconds.After the drying, washed welding wire is with the amount coating artificial oil (polyisobutene) of 0.8g/10kg.
Figure 13 is the figure of the relation between expression welding current and the feed resistance.The sample welding wire of noting present embodiment produces stable feed resistance, even use big welding current, the probability that weld defect takes place is also very low.
Dried stretching with potash soap to making diameter be reduced to 1.25mm and dried stretching by casement to making diameter be reduced to 1.2mm from 1.25mm with soda soap from 5.5mm by roller die, prepare the sample welding wire like this.The welding wire that pulls at last is immersed in 65 ℃ the hot water and washs for 2 seconds.After the drying, the artificial oil (polyisobutene) of washed welding wire coating 0.8g/10kg amount and the MoS of 0.015g/10kg amount
2
Figure 14 is the figure of the relation between expression welding current and the feed resistance.The sample welding wire of noting present embodiment produces stable low feed resistance, has the welding slag and the flue gas that reduce greatly.
Lubricant with following appointment is dried stretching to making diameter be reduced to 1.25mm and dried stretching to making diameter be reduced to 1.2mm from 1.25mm by casement with soda soap from 5.5mm by roller die, prepares the sample welding wire like this.Described lubricant is by softening point conditioning agents such as soda soap or potash soap, for example nitrite and phosphate and be selected from MoS
2, WS
2Form with the sulfide of ZnS.The welding wire that pulls at last is immersed in 65 ℃ the hot water and washs for 2 seconds.After the drying, washed welding wire applies the artificial oil (polyisobutene) of 0.8g/10kg amount and respectively estimates one's own ability and is the MoS of 0.05g/10kg
2, WS
2And ZnS (total amount of sulfide is 0.15g/10kg).
Figure 15 is the figure of the relation between expression welding current and the feed resistance.The sample welding wire that is noted that present embodiment can be with constant speed feed in the gamut of actual welding electric current no matter how welding current all produces very low feed resistance.
Table 3 expression voltage drop surpasses the probability of 0.41V and probability that voltage drop surpasses 0.41V is higher than 70% starting voltage, is applicable to the data shown in Fig. 7～10.Incidentally, the data in the table 3 are included in the data of embodiment 1～5.
Table 3
| Data | The probability (%) that surpasses 0.41V | The starting voltage of 70% probability (V) | Remarks (corresponding embodiment) |
| Fig. 7-1 | 53％ | 0.31V | |
| Fig. 7-2 | 75％ | 0.44V | |
| Fig. 7-3 | 76％ | 0.46V | Embodiment 2 |
| Fig. 7-4 | 79％ | 0.50V | Embodiment 3 |
| Fig. 7-5 | 84％ | 0.51V | Embodiment 4 |
| Fig. 7-6 | 85％ | 0.52V | Embodiment 5 |
| Fig. 8-1 | 53％ | 0.35V | |
| Fig. 8-2 | 57％ | 0.39V | |
| Fig. 8-3 | 54％ | 0.36V | |
| Fig. 8-4 | 70％ | 0.41V | |
| Fig. 8-5 | 76％ | 0.45V | Embodiment 1 |
| Fig. 8-6 | 83％ | 0.50V | |
| Fig. 8-7 | 83％ | 0.50V | |
| Fig. 8-8 | 84％ | 0.51V | |
| Fig. 8-9 | 85％ | 0.52V | |
| Fig. 9-1 | 50％ | 0.29V | |
| Fig. 9-2 | 52％ | 0.31V | |
| Fig. 9-3 | 55％ | 0.37V | |
| Fig. 9-4 | 75％ | 0.44V | |
| Fig. 9-5 | 75％ | 0.45V | |
| Figure 10-1 | 45％ | 0.24V | |
| Figure 10-2 | 58％ | 0.39V | |
| Figure 10-3 | 70％ | 0.41V | |
| Figure 10-4 | 77％ | 0.47V | |
| Figure 10-5 | 75％ | 0.45V | |
| Figure 10-6 | 76％ | 0.46V | |
| Figure 10-7 | 73％ | 0.43V | |
| Figure 10-8 | 75％ | 0.45V |
Claims (4)
1. non-coppering wire, at average current is that to have distance between electric current supply length, tip and the fertile material of 2～4mm be 20～24mm and because the diameter of the free kink that wire bending forms is under the condition of 700～800mm, described non-coppering wire allows to carry out CO for 150～170A, tip
2Gas shielded arc welding; make that at electric current be under the condition of 140～180A; voltage drop between described welding wire and described tip surpasses the probability of 0.41V greater than 70%; and the described welding wire of every 10kg is the oil of load 0.25～1.5g in its surface, and described oil is to be selected from least a in vegetable oil, animal oil, mineral oil and the artificial oil.
2. non-coppering wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein voltage drop is higher than 80% above the probability of 0.41V.
3. non-coppering wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein voltage drop is higher than 90% above the probability of 0.41V.
4. non-coppering wire as claimed in claim 1, the lubricant of the described welding wire of every 10kg load 0.01～0.25g in the superficial layer of its surface or dark 100 μ m, described lubricant is for being selected from MoS
2, WS
2At least a with among the ZnS.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005141995 | 2005-05-13 | ||
| JP2005141995 | 2005-05-13 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1861309A CN1861309A (en) | 2006-11-15 |
| CN100475421C true CN100475421C (en) | 2009-04-08 |
Family
ID=37388889
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100798411A Active CN100475421C (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2006-05-15 | Non-copper-plating solder |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR100780150B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100475421C (en) |
| NL (1) | NL1031801C2 (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI295606B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102589342B (en) * | 2012-03-22 | 2015-09-30 | 哈尔滨空调股份有限公司 | The welding of nuclear power station emergency generation system end of air cooler copper pipe prevents crackle device |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01147174A (en) * | 1987-12-04 | 1989-06-08 | Hitachi Ltd | Cryopump |
| JPH01197878A (en) * | 1988-02-03 | 1989-08-09 | Hitachi Ltd | Document control device |
| JP2000094178A (en) * | 1998-09-17 | 2000-04-04 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Welding wire without plating |
| JP3566618B2 (en) * | 2000-02-25 | 2004-09-15 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Welding wire |
| JP2002219595A (en) * | 2001-01-25 | 2002-08-06 | Sumikin Welding Ind Ltd | Welding wire |
| JP3584894B2 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2004-11-04 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Steel wire for gas shielded arc welding |
| JP3830409B2 (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2006-10-04 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Solid wire for welding |
-
2006
- 2006-04-28 TW TW095115335A patent/TWI295606B/en active
- 2006-05-11 NL NL1031801A patent/NL1031801C2/en active Search and Examination
- 2006-05-12 KR KR1020060043145A patent/KR100780150B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2006-05-15 CN CNB2006100798411A patent/CN100475421C/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL1031801A1 (en) | 2006-11-14 |
| TW200714400A (en) | 2007-04-16 |
| KR20060117274A (en) | 2006-11-16 |
| NL1031801C2 (en) | 2007-03-09 |
| KR100780150B1 (en) | 2007-11-27 |
| TWI295606B (en) | 2008-04-11 |
| CN1861309A (en) | 2006-11-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN100552832C (en) | The tin equipment that adopts in a kind of copper tinned aluminum wire, its production method and the production | |
| MX2010014217A (en) | A submerged arc welding process and a welding wire for submerged arc welding with solid lubricant on the surface of the wire. | |
| CN103950244A (en) | Tin-indium alloy coated copper wire and production method thereof | |
| CN102905844B (en) | Copper-plated solid welding wire | |
| KR20100068304A (en) | Iridium alloy excellent in hardness, processability and stain proofness | |
| CN103325439A (en) | Tin-plated copper-coated brass wire and production method thereof and tin plating device | |
| CN100475421C (en) | Non-copper-plating solder | |
| JP4440059B2 (en) | Copper plated wire for carbon dioxide shielded arc welding | |
| JP4887276B2 (en) | Solid wire for electroslag welding | |
| CN105097132A (en) | Production technology of soft copper-clad aluminum with wire diameter of more than 0.9 mm | |
| JP4020903B2 (en) | Copper plated wire for carbon dioxide shielded arc welding | |
| JP4034308B2 (en) | Copper-plated solid wire for Ar-CO2 mixed gas shielded arc welding | |
| JP2000117486A (en) | Welding wire and its manufacture | |
| JP5001576B2 (en) | Welding wire with copper plating | |
| JP4916158B2 (en) | Welding wire and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN100556608C (en) | Gas shield welding non-copper plating solid core welding wire sub-assembly | |
| US6696170B2 (en) | Copper-free wire | |
| JP5068483B2 (en) | Copper plated wire for gas shielded arc welding | |
| KR100668170B1 (en) | Baked flux cored wire for gas shield arc welding having excellent rust resistance and feedability and a method for preparing thereof | |
| JP2001179326A (en) | Method for manufacturing flux cored wire for arc welding and its equipment | |
| JP2006341308A (en) | Non-copper-plated wire for welding | |
| JP4429863B2 (en) | Flux-cored copper-plated wire for gas shielded arc welding | |
| JPH08252691A (en) | Wire for gas shielded metal arc welding | |
| JP2007331006A (en) | Copper plated wire for gas shielded arc welding | |
| JP2006102799A (en) | Plating-free solid wire for carbon dioxide gas shielded arc welding |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |