CN100474782C - Method and apparatus for coding information and decoding coded information, recording medium and method of fabricating the same - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for coding information and decoding coded information, recording medium and method of fabricating the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN100474782C CN100474782C CNB00818304XA CN00818304A CN100474782C CN 100474782 C CN100474782 C CN 100474782C CN B00818304X A CNB00818304X A CN B00818304XA CN 00818304 A CN00818304 A CN 00818304A CN 100474782 C CN100474782 C CN 100474782C
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
- H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
- H03M7/46—Conversion to or from run-length codes, i.e. by representing the number of consecutive digits, or groups of digits, of the same kind by a code word and a digit indicative of that kind
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/14—Digital recording or reproducing using self-clocking codes
- G11B20/1403—Digital recording or reproducing using self-clocking codes characterised by the use of two levels
- G11B20/1423—Code representation depending on subsequent bits, e.g. delay modulation, double density code, Miller code
- G11B20/1426—Code representation depending on subsequent bits, e.g. delay modulation, double density code, Miller code conversion to or from block codes or representations thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
- H03M13/01—Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M5/00—Conversion of the form of the representation of individual digits
- H03M5/02—Conversion to or from representation by pulses
- H03M5/04—Conversion to or from representation by pulses the pulses having two levels
- H03M5/14—Code representation, e.g. transition, for a given bit cell depending on the information in one or more adjacent bit cells, e.g. delay modulation code, double density code
- H03M5/145—Conversion to or from block codes or representations thereof
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Abstract
In the coding device and method, m-bit information words are converted into n-bit code words such that the coding rate m/n is greater than 2/3. The n-bit code words are divided into a first type and a second type, and into coding states of a first kind and a second kind such that an m-bit information word is converted into an n-bit code word of the first or second kind if the previous m-bit information word was converted into an n-bit code word of the first kind if the previous m-bit information word was converted into an n-bit code word of the second type. In one embodiment, n-bit code words of the first type end in zero, n-bit code words of the second type end in one, n-bit code words of the first kind start with zero, and n-bit code words of the second kind start with zero or one. Furthermore, in the embodiments, the n-bit code words satisfy a dk-constratint to (1,k) such thar a minimum of 1 zero and a maximum of k zeros falls between consecutive ones. The coding device and method are employed to record information on a recording medium and thus create the recording medium. The coding device and method are further employed to transmit information. In the decoding method and apparatus, n-bit code words are decoded into m-bit information words. The decoding involves determining the state of a next n-bit code word, and based on the state determination, the current n-bit code word is converted into an m-bit information word. The decoding device and method are employed to reproduce information from a recording medium, and to receive information transmitted over a medium.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the information coding, particularly a kind of information Methods for Coding and equipment with information density of enhancing.The invention still further relates to by coded message and make modulation signal, make recording medium by coded message, and recording medium itself.The invention still further relates to and be used for coded message is decoded, and the method and apparatus to decoding from the coded message of modulation signal and/or recording medium.
Background technology
When data being transmitted by transmission line, when perhaps on the recording medium such as disk, CD or magneto optical disk, data being write down, before transmitting or writing down, data-modulated is become the coding that is complementary with transmission line or recording medium.
Run length limited code is commonly referred to (d, k) coding, extensive and successfully application in modern magnetic and optical recording system.K.A.Schouhamor Immink is in the book of by name " Codesfor Mass Data Storage Systems " (ISBN 90-74249-23-X, 1999), to this type of coding be used to realize that this type of apparatus for encoding is described.Run length limited code is the expansion of not returning 0 record coding in early days, wherein, change by the nothing on the recording medium (magnetic flux) by " 0 " of binary recording and to represent, and binary one is by representing to rightabout conversion from a direction of record flux.
(d, k) in the coding, above-mentioned record rule is still effective, has just added constraint, promptly will write down d " 0 " between continuous " 1 " at least, and between continuous " 1 " k of records " 0 " at most.When recording occurring continuously a series of " 1 ", first constraint is used to eliminate because the caused intersymbol interference of pulse crowding of regeneration conversion.Second constraint is used to guarantee by phase-locked loop " locking " is changed by the playback of data recovered clock to regeneration.Do not insert " 1 " if long a string " 0 " is continuously arranged, the clock that regenerates phase-locked loop will dissimilate the step.For example, in (1,7) coding, between " 1 " of record, have one " 0 " at least, between " 1 " of record, be no more than 7 continuous " 0 ".
By mould-2 integration operation, a series of bits of coded are converted into the corresponding modulation signal that forms by bit with height or low signal value.In modulation signal, by the variation of signal value from high to low or represent one " 1 " position on the contrary, be illustrated in not variation in the modulation signal with " 0 " position.
This type of information encoded efficiency of transmission generally represents with ratio, i.e. the ratio (m/n) of the figure place (n) in figure place in the information word (m) and the code word.The theoretical maximum ratio of the coding of given d and k value is called Shannon (shannon) capacity.Fig. 1 tabulate when having shown d=1 different k shannon capacity C (d, k).As shown in the figure, for a (1,7) coding, shannon capacity, the value of C (1,7) is 0.67929.Its meaning is that (1,7) coding does not have the ratio greater than 0.67929.It is rational fraction that the actual realization of coding needs ratio, and for above-mentioned (1,7) coding, its ratio is 2/3.2/3 ratio is slightly less than shannon capacity 0.67929, so this coding is a kind of coding efficiently.Reach 2/3 ratio, 2 free data bit are transformed to 3 affined bits of coded.
Encode and be used to realize that the device of correlative coding device and decoder is known in the art in (1,7) with 2/3 ratio.The U.S. Patent No. 4 of " Method and Apparatus forGenerating A Noiseless Sliding Block Code for a (1; 7) Channel with Rate2/3 " by name that people such as Adler propose, 413, disclose a kind of encoder in 251, it is a kind of finite state machine with 5 kinds of internal states.The U.S. Patent No. 4,488,142 that is called " Appratus forEncoding Unconstrained Data onto a (1,7) Format with Rate 2/3 " that is proposed by Franaszek discloses a kind of encoder with 8 kinds of internal states.
Yet, also need more efficiently coding, for example, it can improve the information density on recording medium or the transmission line.
Summary of the invention
According to conversion method of the present invention and equipment, m position information word is converted into n position code word with ratio greater than 2/3.Therefore, can on less space, write down same amount of information, improve information density.
In the present invention, n position code word is divided into the first kind and second class, and be divided into first kind and second kind of encoding state, thereby, if previous m position information word is converted to the n position code word of the first kind, m position information word is converted to first or second kind n position code word, and if previous m position information word when being converted to the n position code word of second class then is converted to m position information word first kind n position code word.In one embodiment, the n position code word of the first kind is with 0 ending, and the n position code word of second class is with 1 ending, and first kind n position code word is with 0 beginning, and second kind n position code word is with 0 or 1 beginning.Also have, according to embodiments of the invention, n position code word satisfy dk be tied to (1, k), between continuous 1, inserted minimum one 0 like this, k 0 at most.
In another one embodiment of the present invention, be used for recorded information on recording medium according to encoding device of the present invention and method, and produce recording medium according to the present invention.
In other embodiments of the invention, further use is used for transmission information according to encoding device of the present invention and method.
According to coding/decoding method of the present invention and equipment, will be m position information word according to the n position decode codewords of coding method and equipment establishment.Decoding comprises the state of determining next n position code word, and based on the state of determining, current n position code word is converted into m position information word.
In other embodiments of the invention, use according to decoding device of the present invention and method regenerating information from the recording medium.
In other embodiments of the invention, also be used to receive information according to encoding device of the present invention and method by medium transmission.
Description of drawings
By the following detailed description of the invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, can understand the present invention more all sidedly, accompanying drawing only is used for illustrative purpose, and the appropriate section among the wherein different figure is used identical label.In the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 shows when being d=1 to shannon capacity C (d, tabulation k) of different k;
Fig. 2 shows is the example that how code word in the different grouping is assigned to different conditions in first embodiment;
Fig. 3 shows is embodiment according to encoding device of the present invention;
Fig. 4 A-4H shows be according to first embodiment 9 information words are converted to 13 code words the time complete conversion table;
The conversion table that is to use Fig. 4 A-4H that Fig. 5 shows is converted into a series of information words the transfer process of a series of code words;
Fig. 6 shows is embodiment according to recording equipment of the present invention;
What Fig. 7 showed is according to recording medium of the present invention and modulation signal;
What Fig. 8 showed is according to transmission equipment of the present invention;
What Fig. 9 showed is according to decoding device of the present invention;
What Figure 10 showed is according to reclaim equiment of the present invention;
What Figure 11 showed is according to receiving equipment of the present invention;
Figure 12 shows is the example that how code word in the different grouping is assigned to different conditions in second embodiment;
Figure 13 A-13C shows be according to second embodiment 9 information words are converted to 13 code words the time, initial, the centre of conversion table and ending;
Figure 14 shows is the example that how code word in the different grouping is assigned to different conditions in the 3rd embodiment;
Figure 15 A-15C shows be according to the 3rd embodiment 11 information words are converted to 16 code words the time, initial, the centre of conversion table and ending;
Figure 16 shows is the example that how code word in the different grouping is assigned to different conditions in the 4th embodiment;
Figure 17 A-17C shows be according to the 4th embodiment 13 information words are converted to 19 code words the time, initial, the centre of conversion table and ending.
Preferred embodiment describes in detail
At first first specific embodiment by coding method is described general-purpose coding method according to the present invention below.Next, after the content of first embodiment, will be described general decoding method according to the present invention.Describe then according to distinct device of the present invention.Especially, will describe according to encoding device of the present invention, recording equipment, transmission equipment, decoding device, reclaim equiment and receiving equipment.After this, will describe according to additional code embodiment of the present invention.
Coding method
According to the present invention, m position information word is converted into n position code word with ratio greater than 2/3.Code word is divided into first and second classes, and wherein, the first kind comprises the code word with " 0 " ending, and second class comprises the code word with " 1 " ending.As a result, the code word of the first kind is divided into two grouping E00 and E10, and the code word of second class is divided into two grouping E01 and E11.Code word grouping E00 comprises with " 0 " beginning and with the code word of " 0 " ending, code word grouping E01 comprises with " 0 " beginning and with the code word of " 1 " ending, code word grouping E10 comprises with " 1 " beginning and with the code word of " 0 " ending, and code word grouping E11 comprises with " 1 " beginning and with the code word of " 1 " ending.
Code word also is divided at least one state of first kind and at least one state of second kind.First kind state comprises the code word that only begins with " 0 ", and second kind state comprises the code word with " 0 " or " 1 " beginning.
Coding method according to first embodiment
In first preferred embodiment of the present invention, 9 information words are converted into 13 code words.Code word satisfy (1, k) constraint, and be divided into first kind three state and 2 kinds of states of second kind (totally 5 kinds of states).In order to reduce the k constraint, forbid " 0000000000000 " in the coding schedule, three code words of " 0000000000001 " and " 0000000000010 ".The enumerating of code word is presented among the grouping E00 231 code words, in grouping E10 144 code words is arranged, and in grouping E01 143 code words is arranged, and in grouping E11 89 code words is arranged.
Encode, 13 code words of each in each state all with an encoding state directional correlation.State direction refers in cataloged procedure, therefrom selects the next state of code word.State direction is distributed to code word, has one of any correlation behavior direction of indication r=5 kind state with the code word (i.e. code word in grouping E10 and E00) of " 0 " ending like this, and have the relevant state direction of only indicating a state in first kind of state with the code word (that is the code word among grouping E01 and the E11) of " 1 " ending.This has guaranteed to satisfy the constraint of d=1, that is, after code word is with " 1 " ending, next code word will begin with " 0 ".
In addition, explanation that below will be more detailed, when same code word can be distributed to different information word under the same state, different conditions can not comprise same code word.Especially, grouping E10 can 5 sub-distribution give different information words with the code word among the E00 under a kind of state, and grouping E11 can 3 sub-distribution give different information words with the code word among the E01 under a kind of state.Owing in grouping E00,231 code words are arranged, in grouping E10,144 code words are arranged, then the code word to the first kind has 1875 (5 * (231+144)) kinds " code word-state direction " combination.In grouping E01,143 code words are arranged, in grouping E11,89 code words are arranged, plant " code word-state direction " combination so the code word of second class has 696 (3 * (143+89)).Total 1875+696=2571 kind " code word-state direction " combination.
For m position information word, have 2
mPlant possible information word.Therefore, for 9 information words, have 2
9=512 information words.Owing to 5 states are arranged in this coding embodiment, need 5 * 512=2561 " code word-state direction " combination.The combination of remaining like this 2571-2561=10 kind residue.
According to above-mentioned constraint, the available code word in the different grouping that on first and second kinds of states, distributing.What Fig. 2 showed is in the present embodiment, how the code word in the different grouping is assigned to the example of different conditions.As shown in Figure 2, in this example, state 1,2,3 belong to first kind state, and 4 and 5 belong to second kind state.With size is that 230 grouping E00 is an example, and grouping E00 respectively has 76 code words at state 1,2 and 3, at state 4 and 51 code word is arranged respectively.With state 1 is example, and in state 1, the number of " code word-state direction " combination is 5 * 76+3 * 44=512, and this shows can distribute 9 information words.Remember that the code word of each first kind can distribute in five different conditions any one as state direction, therefore in a state, use 5 times; And because the restriction of d=1, each code word of second class only can be distributed in three states of first kind, thereby uses 3 times in a state.
Can confirm that from any one of the encoding state of r=5 shown in Figure 2,512 information words can be distributed to code word at least, this is enough for arranging 9 information words.In the aforesaid mode, any series of 9 information words all can be converted into a series of code words individually.
Fig. 4 A-4H shows be according to this embodiment 9 information words are converted to 13 code words the time complete conversion table.What comprise in the conversion table among Fig. 4 A-4H is the state direction of distributing to each code word.Especially, in Fig. 4 A-4H, what first row showed is the decimal representation of information word in secondary series.What three, the 5th, the 7th, the 9th and the 11 row showed respectively is the code word (being also referred to as channels bits in the art) of distributing to information word in 1,2,3,4,5 states.The the four, the six, the eight, the ten and 12 row are the state direction that are presented at the correlative code word in the 3rd, the 5th, the 7th, the 9th and the 11 row by independent numeral 1,2,3,4 and 5 respectively.
With reference to Fig. 5, further explain conversion from information word series to code word series.What first row of Fig. 5 showed from the top to the bottom is the series of continuous 9 information words, and what show in the secondary series bracket is the decimal value of these information words.The 3rd row " state " are the encoding states that will be used for the information word conversion.When sending the code word of front (, the state direction of previous code word), then set " state ".The 4th row " code word " comprise the code word of distributing to information word according to the conversion table of Fig. 4 A-H.The 5th row " next state " be with the 4th row in the relevant state direction of code word, also be to determine according to the conversion table of Fig. 4 A-H.
First word in the information word series shown in first row has the word value of decimal value for " 1 " among Fig. 5.When the conversion that starts information word series, we suppose that encoding state is 1 (S1).Therefore, according to the setting of conversion table code word state 1, first word is converted to code word " 0000000000100 ".Simultaneously, be that 1 state direction is a state 2 owing to distribute to decimal value in code word " 0000000000100 " and the expression state 1, next state becomes 2 (S2).The code word of this expression in will user mode 2 changed next information word (decimal value " 3 ").Therefore, its decimal value is converted to code word " 0001010001010 " for the next information word of " 3 ".Similar with mode recited above, be " 5 " to decimal value, the information word of " 12 " and " 19 " is changed.
Coding/decoding method
Below, with reference to Fig. 4 A-4H, further explain the n position code word (this example is 13 words) that receives from recording medium is decoded.For purpose of description, suppose that the word value of the continuous code word series that receives from recording medium for example is " 0000000000100 ", " 0001010001010 ", " 0101001001001 ".Conversion table from Fig. 4 A-4H as can be known, first code word " 0000000000100 " is distributed to information word " 0 " respectively, " 1 ", " 2 ", " 3 " and " 4 ", and state direction 1,2,3,4 and 5.The value of next code word is " 0001010001010 ", and belongs to the code word set in the state 2.This represents that it is 2 state direction that first code word " 0000000000100 " has value.First code word " 0000000000100 " expression that has value and be 2 state direction has the information word of decimal value " 1 ".Therefore, determine first code word represent to have decimal value information word " 000000001 " of " 1 ".
Also have, the 3rd code word " 0101001001001 " is the member of state 4.Therefore, according to above-mentioned same method, determine that second code word " 0001010001010 " expression has the information word of decimal value " 3 ".In the same way, can decode to other code word.Noting, is to observe current code word and next code word, so that the current code word is decoded as unique information word.
Encoding device
Fig. 3 shows is embodiment according to encoding device 124 of the present invention.Encoding device 124 is converted into n position code word with m position information word, uses the number of s bit representation different coding state r here.For example, when encoding state number r=5, s=3.As implied above, encoding device 124 comprises transducer 50, is used for (m+s) individual binary input signal is converted into (n+s) individual binary output signal.In a preferred embodiment, transducer 50 only comprises read-only memory (ROM), is used to store the conversion table and the address circuit that is used for according to m+s binary input signal conversion table being carried out addressing of at least one embodiment according to the present invention.Yet except ROM, transducer 50 can comprise the logical circuit of a combination, is used to produce and the same result of conversion table of at least one preferred embodiment according to the present invention.
In the input of transducer 50, m input is connected in first bus 51, be used to receive m position information word.In the output of transducer 50, n output is connected in second bus 52, be used to transmit n position code word.Also have, s input is connected in the 3rd bus 53 of s position, be used to receive the status word of indicating instant encoding state.The buffer storage 54 of s trigger transmits this status word by for example comprising.This buffer storage 54 has the input that is connected in the 4th bus 55, is used for the accepting state word, to be loaded in the buffer storage 54 as status word.Transmit the state direction that is loaded in the buffer storage 54, use s output of transducer 50.
Second bus 52 is connected to the parallel input of a parallel serial transducer 56, and it will be converted into serial bit string by the code word that second bus 52 receives.Holding wire 57 is sent to modulator circuit 58 with serial bit string, and it is converted to modulation signal with bit string.Transmit modulation signal by bus 60 then.Modulator circuit 58 is known circuit that are used for binary data is converted to modulation signal, for example mould 2 integrators.
For the synchronous purpose of encoding device operation, encoding device comprises the clock generating circuit (not shown) of a traditional type, be used for producing control (for example) parallel/clock signal of the timing of the loading of serial convertor 58 and buffering memory 54.
In operation, transducer 50 receives m position information word and s position status word from first bus 51 and the 3rd bus 53 respectively.State in the conversion table that will use when s position status word is illustrated in conversion m position information word.Therefore, according to the value of m position information word, from the code word of the state that identified by s position status word, determined n position code word.Equally, determined and the relevant state direction of n position code word.State direction, promptly its value is converted to s position binary word; Perhaps selectively will be stored in state direction in the conversion table as s position binary word.Transducer 50 is exported n position code words in second bus 52, and in the 4th bus 55 output s position state direction.Buffer storage 54 storage s position state direction are as status word, and the next m position information word that receives by the 3rd bus 53 with by transducer 50 together, and synchronous driving s position status word is to transducer 50.The clock signal that this generates based on top any known way synchronously and carrying out.
N position code word on second bus 52 is converted into serial data, then, serial data is converted into modulation signal by modulator 58 by parallel/serial convertor 56.
Modulation signal can further be handled, to write down or to transmit.
Recording equipment
What Fig. 6 showed is the recording equipment that is used for recorded information, and it comprises shown in Figure 3 according to encoding device 124 of the present invention.As shown in Figure 6, m position information is converted into modulation signal by encoding device 124.To be sent to control circuit 123 by the modulation signal that encoding device 124 is produced.Control circuit 123 can be any traditional control circuit, and response imposes on the modulation signal of control circuit 123, is used to control optical pickup apparatus or laser diode 122, thereby record is corresponding to the indicia patterns of modulation signal on recording medium 110.
Fig. 7 is according to recording medium 110 of the present invention by the example demonstration.The recording medium 110 that shows is CDs of read-only memory (ROM) type.Yet recording medium of the present invention is not limited to the CD of read-only memory (ROM) type, can be the CD of any kind, such as WORM (WORM) CD, random-access memory (ram) CD or the like.Also have, recording medium 110 is not limited to CD, can also be the recording medium of any kind, such as disk, and magneto optical disk, storage card, tape or the like.
As shown in Figure 7, recording medium 110 comprises the information pattern that is placed on the magnetic track 111 according to an embodiment of the invention.What especially, Fig. 7 showed is the zoomed-in view of magnetic track 111 along 114 directions of magnetic track 111.As shown in the figure, magnetic track 111 comprises pits zone 112 and non-pits zone 113.Usually, the constant signal zone (value of 0 in the code word) of pits zone 112 and non-pits zone 113 expression modulation signals 115, and the logic state transition (1 value in the code word) of modulation signal 115 is represented in the transition between pits zone and the non-pits zone.
As mentioned above, recording medium 110 can obtain at the enterprising line item of recording medium then by at first generating modulation signal.Perhaps, if recording medium is a CD, recording medium 110 also can use known mastering method and regeneration techniques to obtain.
Transmission equipment
What Fig. 8 showed is to be used to transmit transmission of Information equipment, it comprise shown in Fig. 3 according to encoding device 124 of the present invention.As shown in Figure 8, m position information word is converted into modulation signal by encoding device 124.Transmitter 150 is further handled modulation signal then, according to communication system under the transmitter, modulation signal is converted to the form of transmission, and transmits the modulation signal of conversion by the transmission medium such as air (perhaps space), optical cable, cable, conductor or the like.
Decoding device
What Fig. 9 showed is according to decoder of the present invention.Decoder carry out with Fig. 3 in the opposite processing procedure of transducer, n of the present invention position code word is converted into m position information word.As shown in the figure, decoder 100 comprises first question blank (LUT) 102 and second question blank (LUT) 104.First and second question blanks 102 and 104 storages are used to create the needed conversion table of n position code word of decoding.Wherein K represents the time, and first question blank 102 receives (K+1) individual n position code word, and second question blank 104 receives output and K n position code word of first question blank 102.Therefore, this decoder 100 is operated as a slide block decoder.At each piece moment decoder 100 a n position decode codewords is become a m position information word, and continue to handle the next n position code word (being also referred to as channel bit-stream) in the serial data.
In operation, a LUT 102 determines the state of (K+1) individual code word from the conversion table of storage, and exports this state to the two LUT 104.Thereby the output of a LUT 102 is 1,2 ..., the binary number in r (r refers to the state number in the conversion table here) scope.The 2nd LUT 104 uses the conversion table of being stored from k code word, determine and k the possible m position information word that code word is relevant, state information in the conversion table that uses a LUT 102 then and stored is determined possible by specific one in the represented m position information word of n position code word.
Only the purpose in order further to explain supposes that n position code word is to use 13 code words that conversion table produced among Fig. 4 A-4H.Then, with reference to Fig. 5, if (K+1) individual 13 code words are " 0001010001010 ", a LUT102 determines that this state is a state 2.Also have, if K 13 code words be " 0000000000100 ", the 2nd LUT 104 determines that individual 13 code words of K represent one to have the decimal system and refer to that value is 0,1,2,3 then, perhaps 49 information words.And, because the state direction of next state or state 2 is provided by a LUT 102, because it is 9 information words of 1 that 13 code words " 0000000000100 " relevant with the state direction of state 2 representative has decimal value, so the 2nd LUT 104 determines that it is 9 information words of 1 that K 13 code words representatives have decimal value.
Reclaim equiment
What Figure 10 showed is to comprise the reclaim equiment according to decoder 100 of the present invention shown in Figure 9.As shown in the figure, what fetch equipment comprised a traditional type is used to read optical pickup apparatus 122 according to recording medium 110 of the present invention, and recording medium 110 can be any of recording medium previously discussed.Optical pickup apparatus 122 reads signal according to the simulation that the information pattern on 110 on the recording medium produces modulation.Testing circuit 125 reads this conversion of signals in a conventional manner becomes the binary signal that decoder 100 can receive form.Decoder 100 is with this binary signal decoding, to obtain m position information word.
Receiving equipment
What Figure 11 showed is the receiving equipment that comprise decoder 100 shown in Figure 9 according to the present invention.As shown in the figure, receiving equipment comprises a receiver 160, is used for receiving the signal by the media transmission such as air (perhaps space), optical cable, cable, conductor etc.Receiver 160 becomes the binary signal that decoder 100 can receive form with the conversion of signals that receives.Decoder 100 is with this binary signal decoding, to obtain m position information word.
Coding method according to second embodiment
That Figure 12 and Figure 13 A-13C shows is another one embodiment of the present invention.According to this embodiment,, can reach ratio greater than 2/3 by 9 information words are converted into 13 code words; Wherein encoding state is counted r and is equaled 13, and wherein 8 encoding states are first kind of encoding states, and 5 encoding states are second kind of encoding states.Simultaneously, code word satisfy (1, k) constraint.Figure 12 is corresponding to Fig. 2 of first embodiment, demonstration be the classification of code word in each state in second embodiment.
As mentioned above, code word with " 0 " ending, i.e. code word in grouping E00 and E10, allow to enter any one in r=13 the state, and with " 1 " ending code word, promptly the code word in grouping E01 and E11 only allows to enter first kind of state (state 1 is to state 8) in the state.
Therefore, can give different information words with code word 13 sub-distribution among the E10 with grouping E00, and the E01 that will divide into groups gives different information words with code word 8 sub-distribution among the E11.With reference to Figure 12, grouping E00 has 24 code words in state 1, and grouping E01 has 25 code words in state 1.So the number of " code word-state direction " combination is (13 * 24)+(8 * 25)=512, this means and can distribute 9 information words.Can confirm from any one of r=13 encoding state, to have at least 512 information words can distribute to code word, this is enough for satisfied 9 information words.
Figure 13 A-13C shows is beginning, centre and the ending that conversion table with first embodiment shown in Fig. 4 A-4H has conversion table among second embodiment of the same manner.
Coding method according to the 3rd embodiment
That Figure 14 and Figure 15 A-15C shows is another one embodiment of the present invention.According to present embodiment,, reached ratio greater than 2/3 by 11 information words are converted into 16 code words; Wherein encoding state is counted r and is equaled 13, and 8 encoding states are first kind of encoding states, and 5 encoding states are second kind of encoding states.Simultaneously, code word satisfy (1, k) constraint.Figure 14 is corresponding to Fig. 2 of first embodiment, demonstration be the classification of code word in each state in the 3rd embodiment.Can confirm in any one from r=13 encoding state, to have at least 2048 information words can distribute to code word, this is enough for satisfied 11 information words.
Figure 15 A-15C shows is beginning, centre and the ending that conversion table with first embodiment shown in Fig. 4 A-4H has conversion table among the 3rd embodiment of the same manner.
Coding method according to the 4th embodiment
That Figure 16 and Figure 17 A-17C shows is another one embodiment of the present invention.According to present embodiment,, reached ratio greater than 2/3 by 13 information words are converted into 19 code words; Wherein encoding state is counted r and is equaled 5, and 3 encoding states are first kind of encoding states, and 2 encoding states are second kind encoding states.Simultaneously, code word satisfy (1, k) constraint.Figure 16 is corresponding to Fig. 2 of first embodiment, demonstration be the classification of code word in each state in the 4th embodiment.Can confirm in any one from r=5 encoding state, to have at least 8192 information words can distribute to code word, this is enough for satisfied 13 information words.
Figure 17 A-17C shows is beginning, centre and the ending that conversion table with first embodiment shown in Fig. 4 A-4H has conversion table among the 4th embodiment of the same manner.
Industrial applicibility
As mentioned above, greater than 2/3 ratio the time, m position information word is converted into n position code word.Therefore, can in less space, write down the information of same quantity, and can improve information density.
With reference to preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, but apparent, within aim of the present invention and scope, obviously various improvement and variation can be arranged.
Claims (64)
1. one kind is converted to the method for code word with information word, comprising:
Receive m position information word, m is an integer here;
M position information word is converted to n position code word, here n is the integer greater than m, n position code word is divided into two groupings of the first kind and two groupings of second class, and be divided into first kind of encoding state and second kind of encoding state, first grouping of the first kind comprises the code word that begins and end up with first logical value, second grouping of the first kind comprises with second logical value and beginning and with the code word of first logical value ending, first grouping of second class comprises with first logical value and beginning and with the code word of second logical value ending, second grouping of second class comprises the code word that begins and end up with second logical value; N position code word in first kind of encoding state begins with first logical value, and the n position code word in second kind of encoding state begins with first or second logical value;
If wherein previous m position information word is converted to the n position code word of the first kind, the m position information word of then following is converted to the n position code word of first kind of encoding state or second kind of encoding state, if and previous m position information word is converted to the n position code word of second class, the m position information word of then following be converted to first kind of encoding state n position code word.
2. according to the method for claim 1, wherein this switch process is converted to m position information word the n position code word that satisfies the dk constraint, here d is illustrated in the code word of n position ' 0 ' minimal amount between ' 1 ' continuously, and k is illustrated in the code word of n position ' 0 ' maximum number between ' 1 ' continuously.
3. according to the method for claim 2, wherein m/n is greater than 2/3, and d=1.
4. according to the method for claim 2, d=1 wherein.
5. according to the method for claim 2, wherein n position code word is divided into first kind p encoding state and second kind q encoding state, here, p and q are greater than or equal to 1 integer, and the n position code word that each had in p and the q encoding state is different from the n position code word in other p and q the encoding state.
6. according to the method for claim 5, wherein m/n is greater than 2/3, d=1, p=3 and q=2.
7. according to the method for claim 5, p=3 wherein, and q=2.
8. according to the method for claim 5, wherein p+q equals 5.
9. according to the method for claim 5, wherein m/n is greater than 2/3, d=1, p=8 and q=5.
10. according to the method for claim 5, wherein p=8 and q=5.
11. according to the method for claim 5, wherein p+q equals 13.
12., wherein in the state in p encoding state, have at least a n position code word relevant with p+q m position information word according to the method for claim 5.
13., wherein in the state in q encoding state, have at least a n position code word relevant with p m position information word according to the method for claim 12.
14., wherein in the state in q encoding state, have at least a n position code word relevant with p m position information word according to the method for claim 5.
15. method according to claim 1, wherein n position code word is divided into first kind p encoding state and second kind q encoding state, here, p and q are greater than or equal to 1 integer, and the n position code word that each had in p and q the encoding state is different from the n position code word in other p and q the encoding state.
16. according to the method for claim 15, wherein p+q equals 5.
17. according to the method for claim 15, wherein p+q equals 13.
18., wherein in the state in p encoding state, have at least a n position code word relevant with p+q m position information word according to the method for claim 15.
19., wherein in the state in q encoding state, have at least a n position code word relevant with p m position information word according to the method for claim 18.
20., wherein in the state in q encoding state, have at least a n position code word relevant with p m position information word according to the method for claim 15.
21. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the n position code word of the first kind ends up with 0, the n position code word of second class is with 1 ending.
22. according to the process of claim 1 wherein n position code word in first kind of encoding state with 0 beginning, the n position code word in second kind of encoding state is with 0 or 1 beginning.
23. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that this switch process changes with the encoding rate of m/n, m/n is greater than 2/3.
24. according to the method for claim 23, wherein n equals in 13,16 and 19 one.
25. the method according to claim 1 further comprises:
Generate modulation signal by n position code word.
26. the method according to claim 25 further comprises:
On recording medium, write down modulation signal.
27. the method according to claim 25 further comprises:
The signal of transmission modulation.
28. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that this switch process uses conversion table that m position information word is converted to n position code word.
29. according to the method for claim 23, wherein m equals in 9,11 and 13 one.
30. a conversion method comprises:
Receive m position information word, m is an integer here;
M position information word is converted to the n position code word that satisfies the dk constraint, here n is the integer greater than m, d is illustrated in the code word of n position ' 0 ' minimal amount between continuous ' 1 ', and k is illustrated in the code word of n position ' 0 ' maximum number between continuous ' 1 ', n position code word is divided into two groupings of the first kind and two groupings of second class, and be divided into first kind of encoding state and second kind of encoding state, first grouping of the first kind comprises with " 0 " the code word of beginning and ending, the first kind second the grouping comprise with " 1 " and the beginning and with " 0 " ending code word, first grouping of second class comprises the code word that ends up with " 1 " with " 0 " beginning, and second grouping of second class comprises the code word with " 1 " beginning and ending; N position code word in first kind of encoding state is with 0 beginning, and the n position code word in second kind of encoding state is with 0 or 1 beginning;
If wherein previous m position information word is converted to the n position code word of the first kind, the m position information word of then following is converted into the n position code word of first kind of encoding state or second kind of encoding state, if and previous m position information word is converted to the n position code word of second class, the m position information word of then following is converted to the n position code word of first kind of encoding state, and, n position code word is divided into first kind p encoding state and second kind q encoding state, here, p and q are greater than or equal to 1 integer, and the n position code word that each had in p and q the encoding state is different from the n position code word in other p and q the encoding state.
31. an encoding device comprises:
Transducer, receive m position information word, wherein m is an integer, and m position information word is converted to n position code word, here n is the integer greater than m, n position code word is divided into two groupings of the first kind and two groupings of second class, and be divided into first kind of encoding state and second kind of encoding state, first grouping of the first kind comprises the code word that begins and end up with first logical value, second grouping of the first kind comprises with second logical value and beginning and with the code word of first logical value ending, first grouping of second class comprises with first logical value and beginning and with the code word of second logical value ending, second grouping of second class comprises the code word that begins and end up with second logical value; If previous m position information word is converted to the n position code word of the first kind, the m position information word of then following is converted to the n position code word of first kind of encoding state or second kind of encoding state, if and previous m position information word is converted to the n position code word of second class, the m position information word of then following is converted to the n position code word of first kind of encoding state.
32. according to the encoding device of claim 31, wherein transducer received code state and each m position information word, and m position information word is converted to n position code word according to encoding state.
33. the encoding device according to claim 32 further comprises:
The buffer of encoding state is provided to transducer; Wherein
As the part of conversion process, transducer is determined the encoding state of next m position information word, and stores determined encoding state in buffer.
34. according to the encoding device of claim 33, wherein transducer utilizes conversion table that m position information word is converted to n position code word and determines encoding state.
35. the encoding device according to claim 31 further comprises:
Generate the modulator of modulation signal by n position code word.
36. the encoding device according to claim 35 further comprises:
The recording equipment of record modulation signal on recording medium.
37. the encoding device according to claim 35 further comprises:
The transmitter of transmission modulation signal.
38. a method of making recording medium comprises:
M position information word is converted into n position code word, here n is the integer greater than m, n position code word is divided into two groupings of the first kind and two groupings of second class, and be divided into first kind of encoding state and second kind of encoding state, first grouping of the first kind comprises the code word that begins and end up with first logical value, second grouping of the first kind comprises with second logical value and beginning and with the code word of first logical value ending, first grouping of second class comprises with first logical value and beginning and with the code word of second logical value ending, second grouping of second class comprises the code word that begins and end up with second logical value; N position code word in first kind of encoding state begins with first logical value, and the n position code word in second kind of encoding state begins with first or second logical value; If previous m position information word is converted to the n position code word of the first kind, the m position information word of then following is converted to the n position code word of first kind of encoding state or second kind of encoding state, if previous m position information word is converted to the n position code word of second class, the m position information word of then following is converted to the n position code word of first kind of encoding state;
Generate modulation signal by n position code word; And
The described modulation signal of record on recording medium.
39. a coding/decoding method comprises:
Receive n position code word, n is an integer here;
N position code word is converted to m position information word, here m is the integer less than n, n position code word is divided into two groupings of the first kind and two groupings of second class, and be divided into first kind of encoding state and second kind of encoding state, first grouping of the first kind comprises the code word that begins and end up with first logical value, second grouping of the first kind comprises with second logical value and beginning and with the code word of first logical value ending, first grouping of second class comprises with first logical value and beginning and with the code word of second logical value ending, second grouping of second class comprises the code word that begins and end up with second logical value; N position code word in first kind of encoding state begins with first logical value, and the n position code word in second kind of encoding state begins with first or second logical value;
If the n position code word of wherein previous m position information word is the n position code word of the first kind, the m position information word of then following is represented with the n position code word of first kind of encoding state or second kind of encoding state, if and the n position code word of previous m position information word is the n position code word of second class, the m position information word of then following is represented with the n position code word of first kind of encoding state.
40. method according to claim 39, wherein n position code word is divided into first kind p encoding state and second kind q encoding state, here, p and q are greater than or equal to 1 integer, and the n position code word that each had in p and the q encoding state is different from the n position code word in other p and q the encoding state.
41. according to the method for claim 40, wherein switch process determines which in p and q the encoding state be next n position code word belong to, and according to the encoding state of determining current n position code word is converted into m position information word.
42. method according to claim 41, wherein at least one in p and q the encoding state comprises the identical n position code word more than, identical n position codeword mappings is to the m position information word more than, and each identical n position code word has relative different conditions direction, the next one in each state direction indication p and q the encoding state obtains next n position code word thus when m position information word is converted to n position code word.
43. according to the method for claim 42, wherein n position code word satisfies dk constraint, d is illustrated in the code word of n position ' 0 ' minimal amount between continuous ' 1 ' here, and k is illustrated in the code word of n position ' 0 ' maximum number between continuous ' 1 '.
44. according to the method for claim 43, wherein m/n is greater than 2/3, and d=1.
45. according to the method for claim 44, wherein p+q equals 5.
46. according to the method for claim 44, wherein p+q equals 13.
47. according to the method for claim 43, wherein the n position code word of the first kind is with 0 ending, the n position code word of second class is with 1 ending, and the n position code word in first kind of encoding state is with 0 beginning, and the n position code word in second kind of encoding state is with 0 or 1 beginning.
48. the method according to claim 39 further comprises:
Receive modulation signal; And
Be demodulated into n position code word to major general's modulation signal.
49. the method according to claim 39 further comprises:
The modulation signal of from recording medium, regenerating; And
Be demodulated into n position code word to major general's modulation signal.
50. a decoding device comprises:
Transducer, receive n position code word, here n is an integer, and n position code word is converted into m position information word, here m is the integer less than n, n position code word is divided into two groupings of the first kind and two groupings of second class, and be divided into first kind of encoding state and second kind of encoding state, first grouping of the first kind comprises the code word that begins and end up with first logical value, second grouping of the first kind comprises with second logical value and beginning and with the code word of first logical value ending, first grouping of second class comprises with first logical value and beginning and with the code word of second logical value ending, second grouping of second class comprises the code word that begins and end up with second logical value; N position code word in first kind of encoding state begins with first logical value, and the n position code word in second kind of encoding state begins with first or second logical value; If the n position code word of previous m position information word is the n position code word of the first kind, the m position information word of then following is represented with the n position code word of first kind of encoding state or second kind of encoding state, if and the n position code word of previous m position information word is the n position code word of second class, the m position information word of then following is represented with the n position code word of first kind of encoding state.
51. decoding device according to claim 50, wherein n position code word is divided into first kind p encoding state and second kind q encoding state, here, p and q are greater than or equal to 1 integer, and the n position code word that each had in p and the q encoding state is different from the n position code word in other p and q the encoding state.
52. according to the decoding device of claim 51, wherein transducer determines which in p and q the encoding state be next n position code word belong to, and according to the encoding state of determining current n position code word is converted into m position information word.
53. decoding device according to claim 52, wherein at least one in p and q the encoding state comprises the identical n position code word more than, identical n position codeword mappings is to the m position information word more than, and each identical n position code word has relative different conditions direction, next state in each state direction indication p and q the encoding state obtains next n position code word thus when m position information word is converted to n position code word.
54. according to the decoding device of claim 53, wherein n position code word satisfies dk constraint, d is illustrated in the code word of n position ' 0 ' minimal amount between continuous ' 1 ' here, and k is illustrated in the code word of n position ' 0 ' maximum number between continuous ' 1 '.
55. according to the decoding device of claim 54, wherein m/n is greater than 2/3, and d=1.
56. according to the decoding device of claim 55, wherein p+q equals 5.
57. according to the decoding device of claim 55, wherein p+q equals 13.
58. according to the decoding device of claim 54, wherein the n position code word of the first kind is with 0 ending, the n position code word of second class is with 1 ending, and the n position code word in first kind of encoding state is with 0 beginning, and the n position code word in second kind of encoding state is with 0 or 1 beginning.
59. the decoding device according to claim 50 further comprises:
Demodulator is used to receive modulation signal, and is demodulated into n position code word to major general's modulation signal.
60. the decoding device according to claim 50 further comprises:
Reclaim equiment is used for from the recording medium modulation signal of regenerating, and is demodulated into n position code word to major general's modulation signal.
61. a decoding device comprises:
First decoder is used to receive next n position code word, and n is an integer here, and determines the encoding state of next n position code word;
Second decoder is used to receive current n position code word and definite encoding state, and according to the encoding state of determining, current n position code word is converted to m position information word, and wherein m is the integer less than n.
62. decoding device according to claim 61, wherein each n position code word belongs to an encoding state, at least one encoding state comprises the identical n position code word more than, identical n position codeword mappings is to the m position information word more than, and each identical n position code word has relative different conditions direction, next state in each state direction indication encoding state obtains next n position code word thus when m position information word is converted to n position code word.
63. the decoding device according to claim 61 further comprises:
Demodulator is used to receive modulation signal, and is demodulated into n position code word to major general's modulation signal.
64. the decoding device according to claim 61 further comprises:
Reclaim equiment is used for from the recording medium modulation signal of regenerating, and is demodulated into n position code word to major general's modulation signal.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2000/001292 WO2002041500A1 (en) | 2000-11-11 | 2000-11-11 | Method and apparatus for coding information, method and apparatus for decoding coded information, method of fabricating a recording medium, the recording medium and modulated signal |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1423860A CN1423860A (en) | 2003-06-11 |
| CN100474782C true CN100474782C (en) | 2009-04-01 |
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| CNB00818304XA Expired - Fee Related CN100474782C (en) | 2000-11-11 | 2000-11-11 | Method and apparatus for coding information and decoding coded information, recording medium and method of fabricating the same |
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| Country | Link |
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| EP (1) | EP1332561A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4095440B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100474782C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2001211783A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002041500A1 (en) |
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| CN101023585B (en) | 2004-09-15 | 2010-06-16 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | Coder and a method of coding for codes having a RMTR constraint of R=2 |
| EP1966895A2 (en) | 2005-12-19 | 2008-09-10 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | A coder and a method of coding for codes with a parity-complementary word assignment having a constraint of d=1, r=2 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4413251A (en) * | 1981-07-16 | 1983-11-01 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for generating a noiseless sliding block code for a (1,7) channel with rate 2/3 |
| US5047767A (en) * | 1990-05-21 | 1991-09-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Apparatus utilizing a four state encoder for encoding and decoding A sliding block (1,7) code |
| CN101577133B (en) * | 1994-02-15 | 2011-09-07 | 皇家菲利浦电子有限公司 | Decoding device and reading-out device |
| TW362305B (en) * | 1996-10-18 | 1999-06-21 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Apparatus and method for converting a sequence of m-bit information words into a modulated signal |
| US5923629A (en) * | 1997-11-06 | 1999-07-13 | Caleb Technology Corporation | Magnetic recording encoder system for a (1,7) channel having a 2/3 coding rate |
| TWI268047B (en) * | 2000-03-22 | 2006-12-01 | Lg Electronics Inc | Method and apparatus for coding information, method and apparatus for decoding coded information, method of fabricating a recording medium, the recording medium and modulated signal |
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- 2000-11-11 WO PCT/KR2000/001292 patent/WO2002041500A1/en active IP Right Grant
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| EP1332561A1 (en) | 2003-08-06 |
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| JP2004514367A (en) | 2004-05-13 |
| JP4095440B2 (en) | 2008-06-04 |
| WO2002041500A1 (en) | 2002-05-23 |
| CN1423860A (en) | 2003-06-11 |
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