CN100472063C - 涡轮机，尤其是水轮机 - Google Patents

涡轮机，尤其是水轮机 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100472063C
CN100472063C CNB03123481XA CN03123481A CN100472063C CN 100472063 C CN100472063 C CN 100472063C CN B03123481X A CNB03123481X A CN B03123481XA CN 03123481 A CN03123481 A CN 03123481A CN 100472063 C CN100472063 C CN 100472063C
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protective layer
parts
layer
fabric
fiber
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN1458404A (zh
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迈克尔·恩格尔哈特
冈瑟·霍恩
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Voith Hydro Holding GmbH and Co KG
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Voith Siemens Hydro Power Generation GmbH and Co KG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
    • F04D29/026—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/426—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F04D29/4286—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for liquid pumps inside lining, e.g. rubber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05B2280/6001—Fabrics
    • F05B2280/6002—Woven fabrics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05B2280/6003—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
    • F05C2253/02—Fabric
    • F05C2253/025—Fabric woven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
    • F05C2253/04—Composite, e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/40—Organic materials
    • F05D2300/43—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/40—Organic materials
    • F05D2300/43—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
    • F05D2300/433—Polyamides, e.g. NYLON
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/601—Fabrics
    • F05D2300/6012—Woven fabrics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/603—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于水轮机或其它涡轮机的金属部件，该部件具有一层敷设在部件区上并形成水流导流面的保护层。按照本发明，该部件还具有至少一层埋设在该保护层中的纤维层；该纤维层的材料选自一种芳族聚酰胺或一种具有相近或相同冲击韧性的塑料。

Description

涡轮机，尤其是水轮机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种如水轮机、水泵、或可逆式水轮机之类的涡轮机。本发明尤其涉及这类机械中那些具有水流导流面的部件。其中首先这些部件的一些区域在运行时面对着流进来的水。
背景技术
众所周知，流过这类机械的水中可以包含有如石、木或其它漂流物之类的固体物质。与机器所处的地点有关，冬季还可能有碎冰块进到涡轮机中。所有这些物质都有强烈的磨蚀作用。因此，所涉及到的部件、至少在这类部件的受损区内都要涂覆一层耐磨材料。
一种公知的保护层由聚氨基甲酸酯(PU)构成。
在正常情况下，也就是说，带入适量至中等数量的漂流物的流体流动情况时，这种保护层能很好地保护涂有该保护层的金属部件不受损害。但是，近来发生越来越多的下述情况：流体中伴有大量如石、泥块或其它漂流物之类的重物，且根据现场情况不能将这类杂物分离出去。这类固体物质极其频繁地出现、且重量很重。鉴于此，又由于流速很快，这些物体还会以很大的动能撞击保护层。因而局部区域将出现应力高度集中。由于固体物质频繁而反复地撞击，将导致保护层局部剥落，最终将损坏位于其下方的金属表面。保护层变得粗糙和不平、局部甚至脱落，这将将影响流体流动，因此，即使未完全损坏透平或其它部件，至少也会降低效率。
已经考虑到将涡轮机或类似机械的上述金属部件受损区由便于更换的、极耐磨的材料层构成，且随时更换该材料层。但事实证明，在流体处于上面提到的极端情况下，这种想法是不实际的。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种可以保护涡轮机尤其是水轮机、可逆式水轮机或泵的金属部件的水流导流面的措施，致使保护的持续时间比迄今为止所能保护的时间大大延长。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用了了一种新途径。本发明从公知的、证明是有效的PU—涂层出发，在该涂层中设置一些纤维层，而且，这些纤维层由芳族聚酰胺(所谓的Aramid)或具有相同冲击韧性的塑料构成。
上述材料具有十分重要的作用。实践表明，这是避免应力集中的理想途径，通过使垂直于撞击方向的冲击能转向和导出，就可使局部应力集中值非常小。因此，添加有纤维层的保护层能保持较长一段时期。从而两次修复之间的时间间隔比目前的情况长很多。
作为本发明的优选方案，所述纤维由高模数性能材料(Hochmodulmate-rial)构成，最好该纤维的抗拉强度至少为2500兆帕斯卡，拉伸弹性模数至少为100千兆帕斯卡。
在本发明中，优选所述纤维以规则配置件(Gelege)或机织物或针织物或编织物的形式出现，尤其优选为平纹织物或斜纹织物或缎料织物。
具体实施方式
合适的纤维层可以制成织物，即机织物、针织物或编织物。此处可以考虑平纹织物，也可考虑斜纹织物或缎料织物。现已在实验室证明采用斜纹或平纹织物是十分有效的。
在采用芳族聚酰胺纤维时应选择抗拉强度特别高的纤维材料。力求抗拉强度值在2500—3000兆帕斯卡(MPa)之间，最好为2900兆帕斯卡。其拉伸弹性模数(Zug-E-Modul)应处于100和150千兆帕斯卡(GPa)之间，最好在130大小范围()。
上述纤维必须完全埋入PU材料中，不露出在导流外表面的上方。
在保护层的横截面中可以看到上下叠置了多层纤维层，例如设置了两层或多层织物。
还可考虑用其它防腐蚀涂层材料代替聚氨基甲酸酯涂层。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于水轮机或其它涡轮机的金属部件；
1.1其具有一层敷设在部件的区域上、并形成水流导流面的保护层；
1.2具有至少一层设置在该保护层中的纤维层；
1.3该纤维层的材料选自一种芳族聚酰胺或一种具有相近或相同冲击韧性的塑料。
2.按照权利要求1所述的部件，其特征在于：所述纤维由高模数性能材料构成。
3.按照权利要求2所述的部件，其特征在于：所述纤维的抗拉强度至少为2500兆帕斯卡，拉伸弹性模数至少为100千兆帕斯卡。
4.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的部件，其特征在于：所述纤维以机织物或针织物或编织物的形式出现。
5.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的部件，其特征在于：所述纤维以规则配置件的形式出现。
6.按照权利要求4所述的部件，其特征在于：所述纤维为平纹织物或斜纹织物或缎料织物。
7.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的部件，其特征在于：沿所述保护层的横截面看，设置了多层纤维层。
8.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的部件，其特征在于：所述纤维未伸出到保护层与水邻接的表面的上方。
9.按照权利要求8所述的部件，其特征在于：所述与水邻接的表面只由保护层的材料构成。
10.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的部件，其特征在于：所述保护层由聚氨基甲酸酯构成。
CNB03123481XA 2002-05-17 2003-05-09 涡轮机，尤其是水轮机 Expired - Fee Related CN100472063C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10222601A DE10222601A1 (de) 2002-05-17 2002-05-17 Strömungsmaschine, insbesondere Wasserturbine
DE10222601.6 2002-05-17

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CN1458404A CN1458404A (zh) 2003-11-26
CN100472063C true CN100472063C (zh) 2009-03-25

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EP (1) EP1363018B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN100472063C (zh)
AT (1) ATE319005T1 (zh)
DE (1) DE10222601A1 (zh)
NO (1) NO325998B1 (zh)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1547610A (en) * 1975-05-09 1979-06-20 Skega Ab Wear liners for abrasive-material handling equipment
US5338600A (en) * 1991-08-19 1994-08-16 Medical Materials Corporation Composite thermoplastic material including a compliant layer
DE4226030A1 (de) * 1992-08-06 1994-02-10 Castolin Sa Schutzschicht auf Turbinenteilen, Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu deren Aufbringen sowie Verwendung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1458404A (zh) 2003-11-26
DE10222601A1 (de) 2003-12-04
EP1363018B1 (de) 2006-03-01
NO20032083D0 (no) 2003-05-09
NO20032083L (no) 2003-11-18
NO325998B1 (no) 2008-09-01
ATE319005T1 (de) 2006-03-15
EP1363018A1 (de) 2003-11-19

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