CN100466736C - 运动图像编码控制方法及编码装置 - Google Patents

运动图像编码控制方法及编码装置 Download PDF

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CN100466736C
CN100466736C CNB200510097545XA CN200510097545A CN100466736C CN 100466736 C CN100466736 C CN 100466736C CN B200510097545X A CNB200510097545X A CN B200510097545XA CN 200510097545 A CN200510097545 A CN 200510097545A CN 100466736 C CN100466736 C CN 100466736C
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search pattern
coding
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estimation
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CN1801936A (zh
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罗奇勇
黄建强
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New H3C Information Technologies Co Ltd
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Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种运动图像的编码控制方法，包括：当处理单元的负荷参数超限定值时，改变编码参数以调整该负荷参数。本发明还公开了一种运动图像编码装置。本发明能够根据视频场景实时信息量的大小和处理单元的实际处理能力来对编码算法做自适应调整，有效地利用处理单元的计算能力，在实现运动图像的实时性的同时保证图像的质量。

Description

运动图像编码控制方法及编码装置
技术领域
本发明涉及网络与通信的多媒体领域，尤其涉及一种运动图像编码控制方法及装置。
背景技术
随着多媒体通信技术的发展，视频会议、IP可视电话、视频监控等业务在各种规模的网络中得到广泛应用。由于视频业务的数据量很大，需要占用相当大的网络带宽，因此视频数据的压缩编码在多媒体技术中占据着重要的位置。
在各种视讯终端以及视频监控终端中，都需要对输入的图像进行压缩编码。终端对输入图像的编码效果，直接影响了网络传输负荷以及接收端收到图像的质量。编码时所采用的运动估计搜索模式的数量和缩放率是影响图像效果的重要编码参数，然而终端能够支持的搜索模式的数量和缩放率要受到编码模块处理能力的限制。如何利用有限的处理器资源，在不同的环境下，取得最好的压缩效果与图像质量，是视讯领域需要解决的一个关键问题。
运动图像数据可以在经过采样率变换后进行压缩编码。采样率变换将视频图像由一种分辨率的格式转换为另一种分辨率的格式，即对图像进行一定比率的缩放。对于同样的图像，其缩放率越高压缩编码消耗的处理器资源越多。运动图像邻近帧中的景物存在着一定的相关性，因此可将运动图像分成若干块或宏块，搜索出每个块或宏块在邻近帧图像中的位置，得出其空间位置的相对偏移量，这一过程称之为运动估计。在压缩编码中占用处理器资源最多的是运动估计，而运动估计所进行的搜索模式，即有效搜索模式越多，占用的处理器资源越多。
现有技术中，通常根据编码模块的处理能力采用固定的搜索模式数量和缩放率来进行压缩编码。这两个编码参数针对特定的运动、光照等外部场景进行配置。这样，如果针对白天图像运动较小的自然光照配置，则在图像较大运动的场合不能进行实时编码；而如果针对图像较大运动的场景配置，则在图像运动较小的场合，处理能力空闲很多，而图像质量仍然较差。
对采用CPU(Central Process Unit，中央处理器)的编码模块，由于视频设备或视频系统CPU的主频种类非常多，如从1GHz(吉赫兹)到2.8GHz不等，供应商只能为一定主频范围的编码模块设定一种编码参数，而无法根据每种CPU的处理能力和类型采用最为适合的编码参数，达到最佳的图像处理效果。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是现有技术中无法根据编码模块的处理能力和实际应用场合采用适当的编码参数配置。
本发明所述运动图像的编码控制方法包括以下步骤:
当处理单元的负荷参数超过上阈值时，如果运动估计的有效搜索模式的数量已减至最少，则降低缩放率；否则减少运动估计的有效搜索模式；
当处理单元的负荷参数低于下阈值时，如果缩放率已升至最高，则增加运动估计的有效搜索模式；否则升高缩放率。
优选地，所述方法还包括:以设定的周期检测处理单元的负荷参数；
按照缩放率进行运动图像数据的采样率变换；
按照运动估计的有效搜索模式对采样率变换后的数据进行编码。
优选地，在降低缩放率时，所述方法还包括:如果缩放率已降至最低，则保持缩放率不变；
在增加运动估计的有效搜索模式时还包括:如果运动估计的有效搜索模式的数量已增至最大，则保持运动估计的有效搜索模式不变。
优选地，所述方法还包括:改变运动估计的有效搜索模式后，置位搜索模式变化标志；
所述按照运动估计的有效搜索模式对采样率变换后的数据进行编码具体为:按照当前运动估计的有效搜索模式进行采样率变换后的运动图像数据的编码；
当运动估计的搜索模式变化标志置位时，更新当前运动估计的有效搜索模式并清除搜索模式变化标志。
优选地，所述方法还包括:改变缩放率后，置位采样率变换标志；
所述按照缩放率进行运动图像数据的采样率变换具体为:按照当前缩放率对运动图像数据进行采样率变换；
当采样率变换标志置位并且当前帧为I帧时，更新当前缩放率并清除采样率变换标志。
优选地，所述按照当前缩放率对运动图像数据进行采样率变换具体为:
对每行数据按照当前缩放率进行采样率变换；
对变换后数据的每列按照当前缩放率进行采样率变换。
优选地，在当前缩放率为m/n时，m和n为整数且n不能被2整除，m小于n，所述按照当前缩放率对运动图像数据进行采样率变换具体为:
在每点数据后插入(m-1)个零；
对插值后的数据进行低通滤波；
在滤波后的数据中以每n点抽1点的方式抽取出采样率变换后的数据。
优选地，所述处理单元的负荷参数为完成运动图像预定帧数的编码所需的时间。
优选地，所述预定帧数为25帧，所述上阈值为1200毫秒，所述下阈值为800毫秒。
本发明提供了一种运动图像编码装置，包括数据压缩单元、负荷参数单元和编码参数单元，其中:
数据压缩单元用来根据编码参数单元输出的编码参数对运动图像数据进行压缩编码；
负荷参数单元用来提取数据压缩单元的负荷参数；
编码参数单元用来在负荷参数单元输出的负荷参数超过上阈值时，如果运动估计的有效搜索模式的数量已减至最少，则降低缩放率，降至最低缩放率后保持其不变；否则减少运动估计的有效搜索模式；在负荷参数低于下阈值时，如果缩放率已升至最高，则增加运动估计的有效搜索模式的数量，增至最多后保持运动估计的有效搜索模式不变；否则升高缩放率。
优选地，所述编码参数包括运动估计的有效搜索模式；
所述数据压缩单元包括编码模块，用来根据运动估计的有效搜索模式对输入的数据进行压缩编码。
优选地，所述编码参数还包括缩放率；
所述数据压缩单元还包括采样率变换模块，用来根据缩放率对运动图像进行采样率变换后输出至编码模块。
本发明提供的一种运动图像的编码方法包括以下步骤:
当处理单元的负荷参数超过上阈值时，减少运动估计的有效搜索模式；
当处理单元的负荷参数低于下阈值时，增加运动估计的有效搜索模式；
根据有效搜索模式进行运动图像数据的压缩编码。
优选地，在减少有效搜索模式时所述方法还包括:如果已减至设定的最少有效搜索模式数量，则保持有效搜索模式不变；
在增加有效搜索模式时所述方法还包括:如果已增至设定的最多有效搜索模式数量，则保持有效搜索模式不变。
本发明提供的另一种运动图像的编码方法包括以下步骤:
当处理单元的负荷参数超过上阈值时，降低缩放率；
当处理单元的负荷参数低于下阈值时，升高缩放率；
根据缩放率进行运动图像数据的采样率变换和压缩编码。
优选地，在降低缩放率时所述方法还包括:如果已降至设定的最低缩放率，则保持缩放率不变；
在升高缩放率时所述方法还包括:如果已升至设定的最高缩放率，则保持缩放率不变。
本发明还提供了一种视讯终端，包括视频输入单元和网络单元，其中视频输入单元用来采集运动图像数据；网络单元用来通过网络发送运动图像压缩数据；该视讯终端还包括数据编码单元，用来根据编码参数将视频输入单元输入的运动图像数据编码为运动图像压缩数据，并输出至网络单元；当编码速度慢于第一设定值时，减少运动估计的有效搜索模式和/或缩放率以降低运动图像压缩数据中图像的精度；当编码速度快于第二设定值时，增高运动估计的有效搜索模式和/或缩放率以提高运动图像压缩数据中图像的精度。
本发明根据处理单元的负荷情况来确定所采用的编码参数值，从而能够根据视频场景实时信息量的大小和处理单元的实际处理能力来对编码算法的参数进行调整；
并且，本发明通过同时设定负荷参数的上阈值和下阈值，来根据实际负荷对编码参数做自适应调整，有效地利用处理单元的计算能力，在实现运动图像的实时性的同时保证图像的质量。
附图说明
图1为本发明所应用的编码系统硬件结构示例图；
图2为实施例一中本发明所述编码控制方法的流程图；
图3为实施例二中本发明所述编码控制方法的流程图；
图4为本发明所述运动图像编码装置的结构图；
图5为本发明应用示例的处理单元的运行流程图；
图6为本发明应用示例中确定标志和控制参数的值的流程图；
图7为本发明应用示例中确定编码参数的流程图；
图8为本发明应用示例中进行采样率变换的流程图。
具体实施方式
运动图像的压缩编码根据其所应用的设备，可以采用CPU或DSP(DigitalSignal Processor，数字信号处理器)作为处理单元来进行编码运算。一种本发明所应用的硬件系统结构示例如图1所示，CA(Camera，摄像头)采集视频信号，经模数转换(AD)后形成运动图像数据，由CPU/DSP将运动图像数据存入SDRAM(Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory，同步动态随机存储器)；CPU/DSP将SDRAM中的运动图像数据进行压缩编码后输出运动图像压缩数据。
处理单元通常按照MPEG(Moving Picture Expert Group，运动图像专家组)4、H.263、H.264等标准对运动图像数据进行编码，在各种标准的算法中，不同的编码参数适用于不同的场景和图像的运动方式，对处理单元的处理能力也有不同的要求。为了在处理单元能力所及的情况下尽可能获得更好的图像质量，可以根据处理单元的实际资源消耗情形采用变化的编码参数，以适应实际应用中的种种具体环境。
本发明中的编码控制方法是:为处理单元的负荷参数设定限定值；当处理单元的负荷参数超限定值时，改变编码参数从而对该负荷参数进行调整。
如果设定的限定值为上阈值，当负荷参数超过上阈值时，改变编码参数来降低该负荷参数；如果设定的限定值为下阈值，当负荷参数低于上阈值时，改变编码参数来提高该负荷参数。
图2所示为实施例一中本发明所述编码控制方法的流程图。在步骤S210，检测处理单元的负荷参数。有多种参数可以作为处理单元的负荷参数，如处理单元的利用率、处理单元进行运动图像编码所消耗的时间等，以哪个或哪些负荷参数作为检测对象可以由用户根据实际应用具体确定。同样，何时对处理单元的负荷参数进行检测也可以由用户自主决定，本发明推荐在进行编码时以设定周期来检测负荷参数。
在步骤S220，判断检测得到的负荷参数是否超过上阈值，如果是，执行步骤S230；如果否，执行步骤S240。负荷参数超过上阈值意味着处理单元负荷过重。
在步骤S230，改变编码参数以降低处理单元的负荷参数，转步骤S260。用户可以自主选择所改变编码参数的数量、类型，还可以按照检测到的负荷参数与上阈值的差值决定编码参数的改变量。
在步骤S240，判断检测得到的负荷参数是否低于下阈值，如果是，执行步骤S250；如果否，执行步骤S260。负荷参数低于下阈值意味着处理单元尚有能力进行更为精确的编码。
在步骤S250，改变编码参数以提高处理单元的负荷参数。与步骤S230中相同，用户可以自主选择所改变编码参数的数量、类型，还可以按照检测到的负荷参数与下阈值的差值决定编码参数的改变量。
在步骤S260，按照编码参数进行运动图像数据的编码。
如前所述，图像的缩放率和运动估计时所采用的搜索模式是对处理单元资源消耗影响很大的两种编码参数，因而可以采用缩放率和/或有效搜索模式作为受控的编码参数，来实现对压缩编码的自适应调整。本发明实施例二中的编码控制方法即将缩放率和有效搜索模式一起作为受控编码参数，其流程如图3所示。
在步骤S301，以设定周期检测处理单元的负荷参数。
在步骤S302，判断负荷参数是否超过上阈值，如果是，执行步骤S303；如果否，转步骤S309。
在步骤S303，判断有效搜索模式的数量是否已减至最少，如果是，执行步骤S304；如果否，执行步骤S307。有效搜索模式是处理单元采用的编码标准支持的、并且被处理单元实际应用的搜索模式。
在步骤S304，判断缩放率是否已降至最低，如果是，此时处理单元已工作在设定的最小负荷状态，不需进一步降低其负荷，转步骤S316；如果否，执行步骤S305。本步骤可以用来对图像质量提供最低程度的保证。
在步骤S305，降低缩放率。
在步骤S306，置位采样率变换标志，转步骤S316。
在步骤S307，减少有效搜索模式。处理单元减少实际应用的搜索模式数量，以减轻其负荷。
在步骤S308，置位搜索模式变化标志，转步骤S316。
步骤S303至步骤S308中，为降低处理单元的负荷参数，先减少有效搜索模式，在有效搜索模式的数量减至最少后降低缩放率；还可以设定最低缩放率，在降至最低缩放率后不再改变编码参数。另外，当对编码参数的更改不是当即生效时，可以采用采样率变换标志和/或搜索模式变化标志用于指示编码参数的变化。
在步骤S309，判断负荷参数是否低于下阈值，如果是，执行步骤S310；如果否，则处理单元的负荷参数处于适当的范围内，转步骤S316。
在步骤S310，判断缩放率是否已升至最高，如果是，执行步骤S311；如果否，执行步骤S314。
在步骤S311，判断是否有效搜索模式的数量已增至最多，如果是，则处理单元已工作在设定的最佳图像质量状态，不需改变编码参数，转步骤S316；如果否，执行步骤S312。本步骤可以用来设定处理单元的最大工作负荷。
在步骤S312，增加有效搜索模式，进行更为精确的运动估计。
在步骤S313，置位搜索模式变化标志，转步骤S316。
在步骤S314，升高缩放率。
在步骤S315，置位采样率变换标志。
步骤S309至步骤S315中，为提高处理单元的负荷参数，先升高缩放率，在缩放率升至最高后增加有效搜索模式；还可以设定最多有效搜索模式的数量，在增至最多有效模式数量后不再改变编码参数。同样，当对编码参数的更改不是当即生效时，可以采用采样率变换标志和/或搜索模式变化标志用于指示编码参数的变化。
在步骤S316，判断搜索模式变化标志是否置位，如果是，执行步骤S317；如果否，执行步骤S318。
在步骤S317，根据对有效搜索模式的增加或减少，更新当前有效搜索模式，转步骤S321。
在步骤S318，判断采样率变换标志是否置位，如果是，执行步骤S319；如果否，则编码参数未发生变化，转步骤S321。
在步骤S319，判断当前编码帧是否为I帧，如果是，执行步骤S320；如果否，则等待出现I帧时再更新当前缩放率，转步骤S321。I帧在运动图像编码中用来指示一种编码方式的开始。
在步骤S320，根据对缩放率的升高或降低，更新当前缩放率。
步骤S316至步骤S320用于当对编码参数的更改不是当即生效的情况下，根据搜索模式变化标志和/或采样率标志对编码压缩所实际采用的编码参数进行变更。
在步骤S321，根据当前缩放率对运动图像数据进行采样率变换。
在步骤S322，根据当前有效搜索模式，对经采样率变换处理后的运动图像数据进行压缩编码。
在进行步骤S321中的采样率变换时，缩放率可能是两种取值，一种为任意比例缩放，缩放率为m/n，其中m和n为整数，m小于n且n不是2的整数倍；另一种为整数比例缩放，缩放率为1/2k，其中k为整数。
当缩放率为m/n时，可以采用如下方法进行采样率变换:
先对运动图像数据逐行进行采样率变换:取一行数据，在每点的数据后插入(m-1)个零；对插值后的该行数据进行低通滤波；对滤波后的数据进行抽取，每n点抽1点得出采样率变换后的该行数据；
再对逐行处理后的数据逐列进行采样率变换:取一列数据，在每点的数据后插入(m-1)个零；对插值后的该列数据进行低通滤波；对滤波后的数据进行抽取，每n点抽1点得出采样率变换后的该列数据。
当缩放率为1/2k时，可以采用如下方法进行采样率变换:
先对运动图像数据逐行进行采样率变换:取一行数据进行低通滤波；对滤波后的数据进行抽取，每2k点抽1点得出采样率变换后的该行数据；
再对逐行处理后的数据逐列进行采样率变换:取一列数据进行低通滤波；对滤波后的数据进行抽取，每2k点抽1点得出采样率变换后的该列数据。
本实施例中虽然采用了两个受控编码参数，但在编码过程中不对两个编码参数同时进行更改，而是以渐进方式每次改变一个编码参数，以实现更为精确的控制，在处理单元能力允许的范围内达到更好的图像质量。
在本发明实施例三的运动图像编码方法中，采用有效搜索模式作为受控编码参数，其流程如下:
取得处理单元的负荷参数；
当处理单元的负荷参数超过上阈值时，减少运动估计的有效搜索模式，以降低处理单元的负荷；
当处理单元的负荷参数低于下阈值时，增加运动估计的有效搜索模式，以提高处理单元的负荷；
按照有效搜索模式对运动图像数据进行压缩编码。
可以设定最多和最少有效搜索模式数量，在增加有效搜索模式时如果达到最多有效搜索模式数量则保持有效搜索模式不变，以限定处理单元的负荷上限；在减少有效搜索模式时如果达到最少有效搜索模式数量则保持有效搜索模式不变，以限定图像质量的下限。
在本发明实施例四的运动图像编码方法中，采用缩放率作为受控编码参数，其流程如下:
取得处理单元的负荷参数；
当处理单元的负荷参数超过上阈值时，降低缩放率，以降低处理单元的负荷；
当处理单元的负荷参数低于下阈值时，升高缩放率，以提高处理单元的负荷；
按照缩放率对运动图像数据进行采样率变换；
对采样率变化后的数据进行压缩编码。
可以设定最高和最低缩放率，在升高缩放率时如果达到最高缩放率则保持缩放率不变，以限定处理单元的负荷上限；在降低缩放率时如果达到最低缩放率则保持缩放率不变，以限定图像质量的下限。
图4所示为应用本发明所述编码控制方法的编码装置结构图。运动图像数据经数据压缩单元410进行压缩编码后成为运动图像压缩数据，相互连接的负荷参数单元420和编码参数单元430同时分别连接至数据压缩单元410。
在数据压缩单元410进行压缩编码的同时，负荷参数单元420取得数据压缩单元410的负荷参数，并将取得的负荷参数输出至编码参数单元430。编码参数单元430将负荷参数与其存储的上阈值和下阈值进行比较，在负荷参数超过上阈值时改变数据压缩单元410进行压缩编码所采用的编码参数以降低其负荷参数，在负荷参数低于下阈值时改变数据压缩单元410进行压缩编码所采用的编码参数以提高其负荷参数。
数据压缩单元410以受控于编码参数单元430的编码参数进行压缩编码，编码参数单元430根据数据压缩单元410的负荷情况调整其采用的编码参数，从而使得数据压缩单元410能够以适当的编码参数工作在适当的负荷情况下。
上述编码装置的结构适用于编码控制方法的实施例一。应用编码控制方法实施例二时，数据压缩单元410中包括相互连接的采样率变换模块411和编码模块412，其中运动图像数据输入到采样率变换模块411，编码模块412输出运动图像压缩数据；负荷参数单元420连接至采样率变换模块411和编码模块412；编码参数单元430同样连接至采样率变换模块411和编码模块412。
采样率变换模块411以受控于编码参数单元430的缩放率对输入的运动图像数据进行采样率变换，并将变换后的数据输出至编码模块412。编码模块412以受控于编码参数单元430的运动估计有效搜索模式对采样率变换模块411输出的数据进行压缩编码，形成运动图像压缩数据。
负荷参数单元420取得数据压缩单元410的负荷参数，并将取得的负荷参数输出至编码参数单元430。编码参数单元430将负荷参数与其存储的上阈值和下阈值进行比较，在负荷参数超过上阈值时，可以采用如下方法降低其负荷参数:减少有效搜索模式，在有效搜索模式减至最少后降低缩放率，降至最低缩放率后保持不变；在负荷参数低于下阈值时，可以采用如下方法提高其负荷参数:升高缩放率，在缩放率升至最高后增加有效搜索模式的数量，在有效搜索模式的数量增至最多后保持有效搜索模式不变。
有效搜索模式和缩放率也可以单独作为编码参数。当有效搜索模式作为编码参数而缩放率为1时，采样率变换模块411可以省略，同时编码参数单元430不需对缩放率进行处理，可以采用实施例三中的方法控制有效搜索模式。
本发明中的编码控制方法和编码方法可以应用在视讯终端上。这样的视讯终端包括视频输入单元、数据编码单元和网络单元，数据编码单元分别连接视频输入单元和网络单元。
视频输入单元将采集的运动图像数据输出至数据编码单元；数据编码单元将输入的运动图像数据编码为运动图像压缩数据；网络单元将数据编码单元输出的运动图像压缩数据打包成帧后通过网络发送。
数据编码单元根据编码参数来进行压缩编码；当编码速度慢于第一设定值时，改变编码参数，通过降低运动图像压缩数据中图像的精度来加快编码速度；当编码速度快于第二设定值时，改变编码参数，通过提高运动图像压缩数据中图像的精度来减慢编码速度；使得视讯终端在提供实时图像的同时达到尽可能高的图像精度。
数据编码单元的编码速度可以通过编码一定的图像帧数所需的时间来衡量；编码参数可以是运动估计的有效搜索模式和/或缩放率。数据编码单元所选择的编码参数及对该编码参数的控制可以采用实施例一至四中的方法，此处不再重复。
以下介绍本发明的一种应用示例，采用实施例二中的编码控制方法。在本应用示例中，采用ME_Chng_Flag和SC_Chng_Flag分别作为搜索模式变化标志和采样率变换标志，这两个标志的值为0时标志清除，值为1时标志置位。同时，采用DI_ME_Index和DI_SC_Index分别作为搜索模式控制参数和采样率变换控制参数，这两个参数及其含义如下表所示:
 
0 1 2 3 4
DI_ME_Index 有效搜索模式:16*16、16*8、8*16、8*8、8*4、4*8和4*4         有效搜索模式:16*16、16*8、8*16和8*8      有效搜索模式:16*16、16*8和8*16 有效搜索模式:16*16 有效搜索模式数量最少:16*16  
DI_SC_Index 缩放率为1 缩放率为4/5 缩放率为3/5 缩放率为1/2 最高缩放率1/2       
搜索模式控制参数DI_ME_Index用于表示所采用的运动估计搜索模式的种类。在H.264标准中，编码一个P帧需要进行7种模式运动搜索:16*16、16*8、8*16、8*8、8*4、4*8和4*4，大大增加了处理单元的运算负荷。在这种情况下，可以在保证图像质量有限下降的情况下，适当选择其中的几种作为有效搜索模式，使得处理单元能够完成实时编码。
采样率变换控制参数DI_SC_Index用于表示对输入的运动图像进行采样率变换的缩放率。为了保证不跳帧，在有效搜索模式的数量已减至最少时，可以通过采用对输入的运动图像进行采样率变换，也就是将原有的输入图像缩放为原来的4/5、3/5或者1/2后，再进行编码以降低处理单元的负荷。
本应用示例中，采用处理单元编码25帧图像所需的时间作为处理单元的负荷参数，以1200ms(毫秒)为上阈值，以800ms为下阈值。
处理单元的运行流程如图5所示，在步骤S510，进行搜索模式变化标志、采样率变换标志、搜索模式控制参数、采样率变换控制参数和帧计数器的初始化，即将ME_Chng_Flag、SC_Chng_Flag、DI_ME_Index、DI_SC_Index和帧计数器置为0值。
在步骤S520，根据ME_Chng_Flag、SC_Chng_Flag、DI_ME_Index和DI_SC_Index的值确定当前缩放率和当前有效搜索模式。
在步骤S530，按当前缩放率进行一帧运动图像的采样率变换。
在步骤S540，按当前有效搜索模式对采样率变化后一帧图像的数据进行压缩编码。
在步骤S550，帧计数器加1。
在步骤S560，判断帧计数器的值是否为25，如果是，执行步骤S570；如果否，转步骤S520。
在步骤S570，帧计数器清零。
在步骤S580，根据编码25帧所需的时间与上阈值、下阈值的关系确定ME_Chng_Flag、SC_Chng_Flag、DI_ME_Index和DI_SC_Index的值，转步骤S520。
图6为步骤S580中确定ME_Chng_Flag、SC_Chng_Flag、DI_ME_Index和DI_SC_Index值的流程，在步骤S601，取得处理单元编码25帧图像所需时间T的值。这一时间统计值可以通过CPU/DSP中的时钟统计信息得到。
在步骤S602，判断T是否大于1200ms，如果是，则负荷参数超过上阈值，执行步骤S603；如果否，转步骤S611。
在步骤S603，判断DI_ME_Index是否等于4，如果是，则有效搜索模式的数量已减至最少，转步骤S606；如果否，执行步骤S604。
在步骤S604，DI_ME_Index加1。
在步骤S605，判断DI_ME_Index的值是否为1、2、3中的一个，如果是，则有效搜索模式发生变化，执行步骤S609，置位ME_Chng_Flag为1；如果否，则DI_ME_Index的值为4，考虑以降低缩放率来减小处理单元的负荷，执行步骤S606。
在步骤S606，判断DI_SC_Index是否等于4，如果是，则缩放率也已降至最低，不再改变DI_ME_Index和DI_SC_Index；如果否，执行步骤S607。
在步骤S607，DI_SC_Index加1。
在步骤S608，判断DI_SC_Index的值是否为1、2、3中的一个，如果是，则缩放率发生变化，执行步骤S610，置位SC_Chng_Flag为1；如果否，则DI_SC_Index的值为从3增加到4，缩放率也已降至最低，不需置位SC_Chng_Flag。
从步骤S603至步骤S610为负荷参数超过上阈值时的控制参数与标记的确定过程。
在步骤S611，判断T是否小于800ms，如果是，则负荷参数低于下阈值，执行步骤S612；如果否，则处理单元的负荷参数适中，不需改变DI_ME_Index和DI_SC_Index。
在步骤S612，判断DI_SC_Index是否等于0，如果是，则缩放率已升至最高，转步骤S615；如果否，执行步骤S613。
在步骤S613，判断DI_SC_Index的值是否为1、2、3中的一个，如果是，执行步骤S618，DI_SC_Index减1，置位SC_Chng_Flag为1；如果否，则DI_SC_Index的值为4，执行步骤S614。
在步骤S614，DI_SC_Index减1。
在步骤S615，判断DI_ME_Index是否等于0，如果是，则有效搜索模式的数量也已增至最多，不再改变DI_ME_Index和DI_SC_Index；如果否，执行步骤S616。
在步骤S616，判断DI_ME_Index的值是否为1、2、3中的一个，如果是，执行步骤S619，DI_ME_Index减1，置位ME_Chng_Flag为1；如果否，则DI_ME_Index的值为4，执行步骤S617，DI_ME_Index减1。
从步骤S611至步骤S619为负荷参数低于下阈值时的控制参数与标记的确定过程。
图7为步骤S520中根据ME_Chng_Flag、SC_Chng_Flag、DI_ME_Index和DI_SC_Index的值确定当前缩放率和当前有效搜索模式的流程。在步骤S710，判断是否ME_Chng_Flag置位为1，如果是，执行步骤S720；如果否，转步骤S740。
在步骤S720，按照DI_ME_Index的值更改当前有效搜索模式。
在步骤S730，清除ME_Chng_Flag，即将其值置为0。
步骤S720至步骤S730为ME_Chng_Flag置位时确定当前有效搜索模式的处理过程。
在步骤S740，判断是否SC_Chng_Flag置位为1，如果是，执行步骤S750；如果否，则DI_ME_Index和DI_SC_Index未发生变更，不需对当前缩放率和当前有效搜索模式进行更改。
在步骤S750，判断当前帧是否为I帧，如果是，执行步骤S760；如果否，暂不对当前缩放率做更改。
在步骤S760，按照DI_SC_Index的值更改当前缩放率。
在步骤S770，清除SC_Chng_Flag，即将其值置为0。
步骤S750至步骤S770为SC_Chng_Flag置位时确定当前缩放率的处理过程。
图8所示为步骤S530中按当前缩放率进行一帧运动图像的采样率变换的流程:判断DI_SC_Index是否为0，如果是，进行缩放率为1的采样率变换，即不对输入的图像进行格式转换；如果否，则当DI_SC_Index大于等于3时进行缩放率为1/2的整数比例采样率变换；当DI_SC_Index小于3时进行缩放率为3/5或4/5的任意比例采样率变换。
因为5不能被输入图像的宽，高整除，因而缩放率为3/5或者4/5比例的降采样属于任意比例采样率变换。这种情况下，先对图像的每行数据进行采样率变换:
取一行数据，对该行数据进行插值；如果缩放率为3/5，则在该行每点数据后插入2个零；如果缩放率为4/5，则在该行每点数据后插入3个零；
对插值后的该行数据进行低通滤波，防止在抽取数据时产生频谱混叠的问题；如果缩放率为3/5，则可以采用的滤波系数为:
(-4，0，6，13，9，24，26，24，19，13，6，0，-4)；
如果缩放率为4/5，则可以采用的滤波系数为:
(-5，-5，-4，0，6，13，19，24，26，24，19，13，6，0，-4，-5，-5)；
对滤波后的数据进行抽取，每5点抽1点得出采样率变换后的该行数据。
在对图像的所有行进行完任意比例采样率变换后，再对每列数据以同样的方式进行采样率变换，此处不再重复。
在进行缩放率为1/2的整数比例采样率变换时，同样先对图像的每行数据进行采样率变换:
取一行数据，对该行数据进行低通滤波以防止抽取数据时产生频谱混叠，可以采用的滤波系数为:
(-1，3，3，1)；
对滤波后的数据进行抽取，每2点抽1点得出采样率变换后的该行数据。
在对图像的所有行进行完整数比例采样率变换后，再对每列数据以同样的方式进行采样率变换，此处不再重复。
可见，本发明在完成运动图像数据编码的同时，能根据视频序列运动是否复杂、编码对象的纹理是否丰富、夜间或雨天等恶劣天气造成需要编码的内容信息量急剧变换、CPU的主频差异及计算机的存储配置、以及DSP自身的计算能力来按照H.264，AVS等协议实现最佳的图像质量。
以上所述的本发明实施方式，并不构成对本发明保护范围的限定。任何在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。

Claims (17)

1.一种运动图像编码控制方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤:
当处理单元的负荷参数超过上阈值时，如果运动估计的有效搜索模式的数量已减至最少，则降低缩放率；否则减少运动估计的有效搜索模式；
当处理单元的负荷参数低于下阈值时，如果缩放率已升至最高，则增加运动估计的有效搜索模式；否则升高缩放率。
2.如权利要求1所述的运动图像编码控制方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括:以设定的周期检测处理单元的负荷参数；
按照缩放率进行运动图像数据的采样率变换；
按照运动估计的有效搜索模式对采样率变换后的数据进行编码。
3.如权利要求2所述的运动图像编码控制方法，其特征在于，在降低缩放率时，所述方法还包括:如果缩放率已降至最低，则保持缩放率不变；
在增加运动估计的有效搜索模式时还包括:如果运动估计的有效搜索模式的数量已增至最大，则保持运动估计的有效搜索模式不变。
4.如权利要求3所述的运动图像编码控制方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括:改变运动估计的有效搜索模式后，置位搜索模式变化标志；
所述按照运动估计的有效搜索模式对采样率变换后的数据进行编码具体为:按照当前运动估计的有效搜索模式进行采样率变换后的运动图像数据的编码；
当搜索模式变化标志置位时，更新当前运动估计的有效搜索模式并清除搜索模式变化标志。
5.如权利要求3或4所述的运动图像编码控制方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括:改变缩放率后，置位采样率变换标志；
所述按照缩放率进行运动图像数据的采样率变换具体为:按照当前缩放率对运动图像数据进行采样率变换；
当采样率变换标志置位并且当前帧为I帧时，更新当前缩放率并清除采样率变换标志。
6.如权利要求5所述的运动图像编码控制方法，其特征在于，所述按照当前缩放率对运动图像数据进行采样率变换具体为:
对每行数据按照当前缩放率进行采样率变换；
对变换后数据的每列按照当前缩放率进行采样率变换。
7.如权利要求6所述的运动图像编码控制方法，其特征在于，在当前缩放率为m/n时，m和n为整数且n不能被2整除，m小于n，所述按照当前缩放率对运动图像数据进行采样率变换具体为:
在每点数据后插入(m-1)个零；
对插值后的数据进行低通滤波；
在滤波后的数据中以每n点抽1点的方式抽取出采样率变换后的数据。
8.如权利要求1所述的运动图像编码控制方法，其特征在于:所述处理单元的负荷参数为完成运动图像预定帧数的编码所需的时间。
9.如权利要求8所述的运动图像编码控制方法，其特征在于:所述预定帧数为25帧，所述上阈值为1200毫秒，所述下阈值为800毫秒。
10.一种运动图像编码装置，其特征在于，包括数据压缩单元、负荷参数单元和编码参数单元，其中:
数据压缩单元用来根据编码参数单元输出的编码参数对运动图像数据进行压缩编码；
负荷参数单元用来提取数据压缩单元的负荷参数；
编码参数单元用来在负荷参数单元输出的负荷参数超过上阈值时，如果运动估计的有效搜索模式的数量已减至最少，则降低缩放率，降至最低缩放率后保持其不变；否则减少运动估计的有效搜索模式；在负荷参数低于下阈值时，如果缩放率已升至最高，则增加运动估计的有效搜索模式的数量，增至最多后保持运动估计的有效搜索模式不变；否则升高缩放率。
11.如权利要求10所述的运动图像编码装置，其特征在于:所述编码参数包括运动估计的有效搜索模式；
所述数据压缩单元包括编码模块，用来根据运动估计的有效搜索模式对输入数据进行压缩编码。
12.如权利要求11所述的运动图像编码装置，其特征在于，所述编码参数还包括缩放率；
所述数据压缩单元还包括采样率变换模块，用来根据缩放率对运动图像进行采样率变换后输出至编码模块。
13.一种运动图像的编码方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤:
当处理单元的负荷参数超过上阈值时，减少运动估计的有效搜索模式；
当处理单元的负荷参数低于下阈值时，增加运动估计的有效搜索模式；
根据有效搜索模式进行运动图像数据的压缩编码。
14.按照权利要求13所述运动图像的编码方法，其特征在于，在减少有效搜索模式时所述方法还包括:如果已减至设定的最少有效搜索模式数量，则保持有效搜索模式不变；
在增加有效搜索模式时所述方法还包括:如果已增至设定的最多有效搜索模式数量，则保持有效搜索模式不变。
15.一种运动图像的编码方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤:
当处理单元的负荷参数超过上阈值时，降低缩放率；
当处理单元的负荷参数低于下阈值时，升高缩放率；
根据缩放率进行运动图像数据的采样率变换和压缩编码。
16.按照权利要求15所述运动图像的编码方法，其特征在于，在降低缩放率时所述方法还包括:如果已降至设定的最低缩放率，则保持缩放率不变；
在升高缩放率时所述方法还包括:如果已升至设定的最高缩放率，则保持缩放率不变。
17.一种视讯终端，包括视频输入单元和网络单元，其中视频输入单元用来采集运动图像数据；网络单元用来通过网络发送运动图像压缩数据；其特征在于:
还包括数据编码单元，用来根据编码参数将视频输入单元输入的运动图像数据编码为运动图像压缩数据，并输出至网络单元；当编码速度慢于第一设定值时，减少运动估计的有效搜索模式和/或缩放率以降低运动图像压缩数据中图像的精度；当编码速度快于第二设定值时，增高运动估计的有效搜索模式和/或缩放率以提高运动图像压缩数据中图像的精度。
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