CN100463875C - Method for preparing haydite of coal slack - Google Patents

Method for preparing haydite of coal slack Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100463875C
CN100463875C CNB2006100193438A CN200610019343A CN100463875C CN 100463875 C CN100463875 C CN 100463875C CN B2006100193438 A CNB2006100193438 A CN B2006100193438A CN 200610019343 A CN200610019343 A CN 200610019343A CN 100463875 C CN100463875 C CN 100463875C
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Prior art keywords
raw material
coal gangue
minute
feldspar
iron tailings
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CN1872783A (en
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郭立
王焰新
严春杰
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China University of Geosciences
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China University of Geosciences
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/009—Porous or hollow ceramic granular materials, e.g. microballoons

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Abstract

This invention relates to a method for manufacturing ceramic particles from coal gangues. The method comprises: (1) mixing the raw materials, grinding, and sieving with a 80-200 mesh sieve; (2) adding water and granulating; (3) drying; (4) heating to 900-1150 deg.C, and sintering; (5) cooling to obtain the final product. The method does not need much clay, and save the cropland.

Description

A kind of preparation method of coal gangue haydite
Technical field
The present invention relates to preparation method of porcelain granule for building, particularly is the preparation method of porcelain granule of main raw material with the coal gangue.
Background technology
Haydite is that the clay with some extraordinary character is a raw material, discharges gas through high temperature melting, produces and expands, the particulate state ceramic thing that final roasting forms.Haydite surface is owing to vitrifying forms one deck crust, just formed after the cooling a kind of lightweight, hard, have obvious cellular-shaped constructed products, its particle capacity is generally at 750-1200kg/m 3Generally rounded with the haydite shape that rotary kiln is produced, its inside has the cellular-shaped structure of black, and crust is maroon look and cyan etc.
The raw material of initial production haydite is based on clay.At present, increasing industrial residue, waste material, depleted mineral waste, shale inferior etc. are applied to the haydite preparation.These raw material admixture small amount of binder, additives, additive etc., make light skeletal through traditional technology process such as mixing, balling-up high temperature sintering, it has that unit weight is light, intensity is high, thermal conductivity is low, refractoriness is higher, heat-preserving anti-freezing is anticorrosive, shock resistance, antidetonation, wear-resisting no radiation (no nuisance) characteristics, is a kind of fine green construction material.
Coal gangue is a kind of rock mass that mixes that brings out in colliery shaft building and the production process, and it comprises the spoil that the colliery is taken out of when shaft and drift excavation, the spoil of discharging in spoil of peeling off during the open coal mine exploitation and the dressing of coal by washing process.Its main chemical compositions is Al 2O 3And SiO 2, the essential mineral composition is a kaolinite, and the compound of a certain amount of carbon and a small amount of sulphur and other element is arranged.Along with the rapid raising of coal mining amount, the output of coal gangue also increases thereupon.These coal gangues have occupied a large amount of farmlands, have wasted land resources.Simultaneously, coal gangue has also caused the serious environmental pollution to atmosphere, water body, near resident's health endangering.Aspect the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue, people have also carried out a large amount of research.Be that coal gangue prepares porcelain brick, β-researchs such as SiC ultrafine powder on the one hand.In these production processes, usually the mineralogical composition and the chemical ingredients of raw material are had relatively high expectations, especially the too high coal gangue of iron-holder just is left out.Be to adopt coal gangue to prepare hollow brick and cement etc. on the other hand.Though these preparation technologies are just not high to raw material, at the bottom of the added value of product.
Chinese patent CNO1141408.1 discloses a kind of " coal gangue haydite and preparation method thereof ", wherein prepares haydite with coal gangue admixture clay, shale and the pulverized anthracite sintering of 75-85%.The haydite that relates among the present invention, adopting the high coal gangue of iron-holder is main raw material, and volume is 75-85%, and sintering temperature is 1150-1200 ℃, all is better than previous research.But comprise clay in this haydite preparation method's the raw material, destroy environment; The coal gangue addition content is less, and the coal gangue consumption is little; The temperature height of firing, energy consumption is big.
Summary of the invention
One of technical problem to be solved by this invention is: the preparation method who does not comprise the coal gangue haydite of clay in a kind of raw material is provided.
Two of technical problem to be solved by this invention is: the preparation method that a kind of high volume coal gangue haydite is provided.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted:
A kind of preparation method of coal gangue haydite, its method steps is:
(1) raw material is mixed, porphyrize is crossed the 80-200 mesh sieve; Raw material comprises coal gangue, feldspar, iron tailings, and the weight percent proportioning of each component is in the raw material: coal gangue 30-95%, feldspar 5-70%, iron tailings 5-10%;
(2) water mixing balling-up;
(3) drying;
(4) progressively heat to 900-1150 ℃ and fire;
(5) cooling, finished product.
In the such scheme, the weight percent proportioning of each component is in the raw material: coal gangue 85-95%, feldspar 5-15%, iron tailings 5-10%.
In the such scheme, raw material also comprises quartz; The weight percent proportioning of each component is in the raw material: coal gangue 30-95%, feldspar 5-70%, quartzy 0-5%, iron tailings 5-10%.
In the such scheme, raw material also comprises quartz; The weight percent proportioning of each component is in the raw material: coal gangue 85-95%, feldspar 5-15%, quartzy 0-5%, iron tailings 5-10%.
In the such scheme, the concrete grammar of step (4) is:
Be warming up to 250-350 ℃ with 10-30 minute; Be warming up to 450-550 ℃ with 10-30 minute, and kept 20-40 minute; Be warming up to 900-1150 ℃ with 90-110 minute, and kept 30-50 minute.
In the such scheme, the concrete grammar of step (1) is:
Raw material is used the vibration mill coarse crushing respectively, cross 40 mesh sieves; Mix and pour in the ball grinder, and mix raw material gross weight 0.6-1 water doubly, wet ball grinding mistake; Oven dry; Porphyrize is crossed the 80-200 mesh sieve.
In the such scheme, the concrete grammar of step (2) is:
Drip the water of raw material gross weight 30%, manual or mechanical balling-up.
In the such scheme, the concrete grammar of step (3) is:
Place baking oven, 110 ℃ of oven dry down.
In the such scheme, the concrete grammar of step (5) is:
Be cooled to 650-750 ℃ with 5-10 minute; Be cooled to 450-550 ℃ with 10-15 minute; With being cooled to normal temperature in 5-10 minute.
Compared with prior art, the inventive method has the following advantages:
1, raw material comprises feldspar, and feldspar is fusion at high temperature, can form the heavy-gravity vitreum, is alkali-metal main source in the blank, can reduce the firing temperature of haydite, save energy.Feldspar melt after the fusion can dissolve part kaolin degradation production and quartz particles, Al in liquid phase 2O 3And SiO 2Interact, give base substrate certain mechanical strength and chemical stability, make the haydite behind the sintering have high strength.
2, need not use a large amount of clays, save the arable land.
3, the coal gangue addition content can reach 95%, can effectively reduce the soil that coal gangue occupies, and has reduced the environmental pollution that coal gangue causes atmosphere, water body.
4, comprise iron tailings in the raw material:
2Fe 2O 3+C—→4FeO+CO 2↑
2Fe 2O 3+3C—→4Fe+3CO 2↑
Fe 2O 3+C—→2FeO+CO↑
Fe 2O 3+3C—→2Fe+3CO↑
Carry out between the above-mentioned 1000-1300 of being reflected at ℃.Under high temperature action, oxidation---the gas that reduction reaction produced of organic (comprising carbon granules) and iron is the major cause of impelling the haydite swelling with certain viscosity in the haydite materials.This is the essential condition of preparation light ceramic.
When the coal gangue in raw material is the high ferro coal gangue, can no longer add iron tailings in the high volume high ferro coal gangue raw material; In high ferro coal gangue raw material, can suitably add iron tailings, to increase the content of iron in the blank than low-dosage.
5, comprise quartz in the raw material, quartz can be regulated the plasticity-of pug as non-plastic raw material, can reduce the dry shrinkage and the distortion of blank, helps to quicken drying process.When ceramic product burns till, quartzy add thermal expansion and can play the part compensating action the contraction of base substrate.Quartzy part is melted in the liquid phase during high temperature, increases the viscosity of melt, and the quartz particles that does not fuse constitutes the skeleton of base substrate, improves the intensity of ceramic product.
In addition, also contain more SiO in the iron tailings 2, in some raw material, can with quartzy trans-substitution mutually.
Embodiment
The preparation method of the high volume coal gangue haydite of the present invention, its method steps is:
(1) raw material is mixed, porphyrize is crossed the 80-200 mesh sieve; Raw material comprises coal gangue, feldspar, and raw material also comprises quartz or/and iron tailings; The weight percent proportioning of each component is in the raw material: coal gangue 30-95%, feldspar 5-70%, quartzy 0-5%, iron tailings 0-10%.
Concrete steps are: raw material is used the vibration mill coarse crushing respectively, cross 40 mesh sieves; Mix and pour in the ball grinder, and mix raw material gross weight 0.6-1 water doubly, wet ball grinding mistake; Oven dry; Porphyrize is crossed the 80-200 mesh sieve.
(2) water mixing balling-up; Directly in powder, drip the water of raw material gross weight 30%, manual or mechanical balling-up (available pan-pelletizer balling-up in the industrial production).
(3) drying; Place baking oven, 110 ℃ of oven dry down.
(4) progressively heat to 900-1150 ℃ and fire;
(5) cooling, finished product: be cooled to 650-750 ℃ with 5-10 minute; Be cooled to 450-550 ℃ with 10-15 minute; With being cooled to normal temperature, finished product in 5-10 minute.
Step (1) proportioning raw materials of the preparation method embodiment 1-12 of the high volume coal gangue haydite of the present invention sees Table 1:
Table 1:
Embodiment Coal gangue (%) Feldspar (%) Quartzy (%) Iron tailings (%)
1 30 70 —— ——
2 40 60 —— ——
3 50 40 —— 10
4 60 30 —— 10
5 70 20 —— 10
6 80 15 5 ——
7 85 10 —— 5
8 85 5 —— 10
9 90 5 5 ——
10 90 10 —— ——
11 95 5 —— ——
12 100 —— —— ——
The step (4) of the preparation method embodiment 1,2 of the high volume coal gangue haydite of the present invention specifically sees Table 2:
Table 2:
The intensification scope Heat-up rate Heating-up time
Normal temperature-250 ℃ —— 10min
250-450℃ —— 10min
450℃ Insulation 20min
450-900℃ —— 90min
900℃ Insulation 30min
The step (4) of the preparation method embodiment 3-7 of the high volume coal gangue haydite of the present invention specifically sees Table 3:
Table 3:
The intensification scope Heat-up rate Heating-up time
Normal temperature-300 ℃ —— 20min
300-500℃ 10℃/min ——
500℃ Insulation 30min
500-900℃ —— 110min
900-1100℃ 6℃/min ——
1100℃ Insulation 40min
The step (4) of the preparation method embodiment 8-12 of the high volume coal gangue haydite of the present invention specifically sees Table 4:
Table 4:
The intensification scope Heat-up rate Heating-up time
Normal temperature-350 ℃ —— 30min
350-550℃ —— 20min
550℃ Insulation 40min
550-950℃ 4℃/min ——
900-1150℃ 6℃/min ——
1150℃ Insulation 50min
Raw materials used chemical ingredients sees the following form 5 among the embodiment:
Table 5: measure unit: ω %
Composition SiO 2 Al 2O 3 TFe 2O 3 TiO 2 CaO MgO K 2O Na 2O Loss on ignition
Coal gangue 56.23 19.64 6.60 0.90 0.63 0.64 1.73 0.40 13.02
Feldspar 68.00 18.00 0.05 0.02 1.00 0.17 3.50 3.20 1.60
Quartzy 99.98 —— —— —— —— —— —— —— 0.02
Iron tailings 76.38 1.86 11.6 0.08 2.23 1.48 0.11 0.25 ——
Product performance are analyzed:
According to national departments concerned regulation, country is in order to encourage the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue, and regulation " is utilized with large coal gangue and exempted enterprise income tax 5 years as the enterprise of main material production product; Be mixed with in the raw material that enterprise produces and be no less than the product that 30% coal gangue is produced, exempt value added tax ".As seen when the volume of coal gangue was less than 30%, coal gangue only was as a kind of additional raw material, can not get effectively a large amount of utilization, did not also meet the requirement of coal gangue recycling.
Because according to above experiment, in following formula range: coal gangue 30-100%, feldspar 0-70%, quartzy 0-5%, iron tailings 0-10%, all can prepare the haydite that complies with the national standard requirements.
In embodiment 1-6, felspathic volume is 70-15%, and a large amount of alkali metal compounds is provided, thereby reduces the sintering temperature of haydite greatly, and with respect to embodiment 7-11, sintering temperature has approximately reduced 50-200 ℃.Along with the decline of sintering temperature,, also cause dwindling of sintering range though can reduce energy consumption in the production process.In actual production, this has just increased temperature controlled difficulty.Sintering range is too small, also causes the substandard products quantity of product to increase.In each raw material, coal gangue provides the main source of Fe element.In embodiment 1-6, along with reducing of coal gangue volume, obtained haydite gets that the coefficient of expansion is also corresponding to diminish, and does not reach the light ceramic requirement, can only be used as ordinary ceramsite.
In embodiment 12, the coal gangue volume reaches 100%.Because in the coal gangue, alkali metal compound content is few, makes the product sintering temperature too high; Lean property material SiO 2Content also lower, cause the finished product intensity low, be not suitable for material of construction, but can be used for the aspects such as haydite cultivation of the filler and the flower landscape of biological filter.
Draw through experiment, the optimum mix amount of coal gangue is at 85-95%, additional feldspar 5-15%, quartzy 0-5%, iron tailings 0-10% in 1100-1150 ℃ of temperature range, all can burn till the light high-strength haydite that meets standard GB 2839-81 (leca and pottery sand) specification of quality.Be that embodiment 7-11 is the best-of-breed technology scheme.

Claims (9)

1. the preparation method of a coal gangue haydite, it is characterized in that: its method steps is:
(1) raw material is mixed, porphyrize is crossed the 80-200 mesh sieve; Raw material comprises coal gangue, feldspar and iron tailings, and the weight percent proportioning of each component is in the raw material: coal gangue 30-95%, feldspar 5-70% and iron tailings 5-10%;
(2) water mixing balling-up;
(3) drying;
(4) progressively heat to 900-1150 ℃ and fire;
(5) cooling, finished product.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: the weight percent proportioning of each component is in the raw material: coal gangue 85-95%, feldspar 5-15% and iron tailings 5-10%.
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: raw material also comprises quartz; The weight percent proportioning of each component is in the raw material: coal gangue 30-95%, feldspar 5-70%, quartzy 0-5% and iron tailings 5-10%.
4. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: raw material also comprises quartz; The weight percent proportioning of each component is in the raw material: coal gangue 85-95%, feldspar 5-15%, quartzy 0-5% and iron tailings 5-10%.
5. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: the concrete grammar of step (4) is:
Be warming up to 250-350 ℃ with 10-30 minute; Be warming up to 450-550 ℃ with 10-30 minute, and kept 20-40 minute; Be warming up to 900-1150 ℃ with 90-110 minute, and kept 30-50 minute.
6. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: the concrete grammar of step (1) is:
Raw material is used the vibration mill coarse crushing respectively, cross 40 mesh sieves; Mix and pour in the ball grinder, and mix raw material gross weight 0.6-1 water doubly, wet ball grinding mistake; Oven dry; Porphyrize is crossed the 80-200 mesh sieve.
7. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: the concrete grammar of step (2) is:
Drip the water of raw material gross weight 30%, manual or mechanical balling-up.
8. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: the concrete grammar of step (3) is:
Place baking oven, 110 ℃ of oven dry down.
9. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: the concrete grammar of step (5) is:
Be cooled to 650-750 ℃ with 5-10 minute; Be cooled to 450-550 ℃ with 10-15 minute; With being cooled to normal temperature in 5-10 minute.
CNB2006100193438A 2006-06-13 2006-06-13 Method for preparing haydite of coal slack Expired - Fee Related CN100463875C (en)

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CN102674788B (en) * 2011-06-22 2014-07-09 北京建工华创科技发展股份有限公司 Coal gangue building board and preparation method thereof
CN102674878B (en) * 2011-06-22 2014-07-02 北京建工华创科技发展股份有限公司 Coal gangue pottery sand and method for preparing same
CN103319192B (en) * 2013-05-24 2015-01-21 鄂尔多斯市紫荆创新研究院 Ceramsites prepared from coal gangue and coal slime, and preparation method for ceramsites
CN103819174B (en) * 2014-03-10 2015-04-15 临沧师范高等专科学校 Sintered ceramsite adopting tailings generated during germanium extraction of lignite as main raw material and preparation method of sintered ceramsite
CN105669164B (en) * 2015-12-31 2018-10-23 西安建筑科技大学 A method of to select molybdic tailing to prepare haydite as raw material
CN106904938B (en) * 2017-01-16 2020-07-14 武汉新陶环保科技有限公司 High-strength ceramsite taking coal gangue as raw material and fuel and preparation method thereof
CN106966707A (en) * 2017-03-30 2017-07-21 天津城建大学 The method that light high-strength haydite is prepared using gangue
CN109516772B (en) * 2018-12-20 2019-12-31 华东交通大学 Light high-strength waste glass ceramsite and preparation method thereof
CN110040994B (en) * 2019-04-17 2021-06-25 郑州市新郑梅久实业有限公司 Ceramsite sand and processing technology thereof
CN109942275B (en) * 2019-04-17 2021-10-22 郑州市新郑梅久实业有限公司 Ceramsite sand produced by utilizing coal gangue and processing technology thereof
CN112441826B (en) * 2020-11-27 2022-11-04 华新水泥股份有限公司 Ultra-light ceramsite and preparation method thereof

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