CN100459529C - Time delay characteristic measuring method in data communication network - Google Patents
Time delay characteristic measuring method in data communication network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for measuring character of time delay in data communication network includes generating at least one measurement message by sending end and using microcode / hardware to label the first sending time seal on said message then sending them out, separating out said message and labeling the first receiving time seal on them as well as labeling the second sending time seal on separated out message then sending said message back to sending end by receiving end, separating out said message and labeling the second receiving time seal on said message by sending end, calculating out time delay character between sending and receiving ends according to four labeled time seals.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the data communication network technology, refer to the method for measurement of delay character in a kind of data communication network especially.
Background technology
In the data communication network of data, voice and video unification of three nets, the transfer of data of voice and video proposes more and more higher requirement to the network carrying, and wherein delay character is an important indicator of weighing the Data-carrying network performance.Described delay character is meant and the relevant characteristic of data transmission period in the network, comprises time delay (Latency) and delay variation indexs such as (Jitter).Time delay is meant that packet transmits the required time in network; Delay variation is meant that a plurality of packets transmit the variation of institute's spended time in same section network.
Delay character has great importance to weighing available data bearer network performance.Such as, in speech business network of future generation, provide time delay and delay variation these two important indicators in real time, can provide reliable data for diagnose network faults.In addition, delay character can also provide foundation fast and accurately for the performance evaluation of customer service.According to online delay character measurement result, can find the network performance bottleneck, thereby optimize Operation Network, improve the maintainability and the manageability of network, finally increase customer satisfaction degree.After obtaining delay character, can be applied to strengthen the NTP message and handle, thereby improve 2～3 orders of magnitude of accuracy of data network time.
Based on above-mentioned application, how the delay character of on-line measurement packet on data communication network becomes the problem that needs solve.In the network operation of reality because data packet transceive equipment may be at a distance of several thousand kilometers or farther on the geographical position, so by experiment the chamber tester to finish above-mentioned measurement be unpractical.For this reason, also adopt other some practicable methods that delay character is measured in the prior art.
Method one, provide the clock of precision in μ s magnitude by global positioning system (GPS) or other equipment that can unify the whole network time, make the absolute time error of two testers of diverse geographic location remain on μ s magnitude, by the time of making a start and the receiving end time of record data bag, obtain the delay character that packet transmits on data communication network.This method is present comparatively general a kind of method of measuring delay character.
There is following shortcoming in this method:
(1) need to use the gps system of measuring clock can be provided, and with matching used message generator of gps system and receiver.Because gps system costs an arm and a leg, so this method of measurement cost height is relatively harsher to the requirement of measuring instrument.
(2) need in equipment under test, reserve special measurement port, send measurement data, and this measurement port can not be used for sending actual business data packet, so one side has reduced usage ratio of equipment by measurement port; On the other hand, can not under the service environment of reality, measure the delay character of Business Stream, belong to off-line measurement.
Method two, by issue general diagnostic command " ping " at the network equipment, by the transmission and the time of reception of software records packet, thereby obtain delay character.
Because the time recording operation of this method is realized by means of software, so be subject to the influence that software is carried out heavy duty task dispatching factor in efficient, task scheduling and the system, makes to measure very mistake to occur.Generally speaking, by the delay character that this method obtains, available hardly in certainty of measurement requires to the voice bearer network of ms magnitude.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, main purpose of the present invention is to provide the method for measurement of delay character in a kind of data communication network, and the control survey error makes certainty of measurement reach requirement of actual application.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention specifically is achieved in that
The method of measurement of delay character in a kind of data communication network, this method may further comprise the steps:
A, transmitting terminal generate at least one measured message when sending packet to receiving terminal, be the measured message that generated mark first transmitting time stamp one by one by self microcode/hardware, and above-mentioned measured message is sent; Receiving terminal is isolated measured message from the packet that receives, and with self microcode/hardware be isolated measured message one by one mark first time of reception stab;
B, receiving terminal are isolated measured message mark second transmitting time stamp one by one with the microcode/hardware of self, and by data communication network above-mentioned measured message are sent to transmitting terminal; Transmitting terminal is isolated described measured message from the packet that receives, and with self microcode/hardware be isolated measured message one by one mark second time of reception stab;
It is the measured message of ring certainly of self that c1, transmitting terminal and/or receiving terminal generate destination address, by microcode/hardware be described oneself encircle the measured message mark and send timestamp from environment-development, and will encircle measured message certainly and send;
C2, transmitting terminal and/or receiving terminal are isolated described from encircling measured message from the packet that receives, and with microcode/hardware be isolated oneself encircle the measured message mark and receive timestamp from articulating;
C3, receiving timestamp and sending timestamp to calculate extra time delay according to transmitting terminal and/or receiving terminal from environment-development from articulating;
C, first transmitting time stamp according to measured message institute mark, first time of reception stamp, second transmitting time stamp and second time of reception stab, and calculate the time delay in the delay character between transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal; Described time delay is deducted extra time delay, the time delay behind the acquisition compensation correction.
The measured message that generates among the step a has the measured message sign;
Then the separating and measuring method of message is: according to the measured message sign, use the traffic classification matching process to isolate measured message.
Described traffic classification matching process adopts three-state content addressing memory to realize.
Described delay character comprises the time difference, then step c also comprises the method for the time difference in the calculation delay characteristic, for: first time of reception stamp of each measured message is added second transmitting time stamp sum, deduct first transmitting time stamp and add second time of reception stamp sum, the difference of acquisition is divided by two; Again the result of calculation of all measured message is averaged, obtain the time difference of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal.
Described delay character comprises time delay, then the method for the time delay in the delay character between described calculating transmitting terminal of step c and the receiving terminal is: first time of reception stamp of each measured message is added second time of reception stamp sum, deduct first transmitting time stamp and add second transmitting time stamp sum, the difference that obtains obtains the time delay of each measured message divided by two; Again the time delay of all measured message is averaged, obtain the time delay of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal.
The method of the extra time delay of the described calculating of step c3 is:
Send timestamp with deducting from environment-development of transmitting terminal, obtain extra time delay from articulating receipts timestamp;
Perhaps, send timestamp, obtain extra time delay deducting from environment-development of receiving terminal from articulating receipts timestamp;
Perhaps, send first extra time delay of timestamp acquisition and deducting from environment-development of receiving terminal to send the second extra time delay of timestamp acquisition to average deducting from environment-development of transmitting terminal, obtain extra time delay from articulating receipts timestamp from articulating receipts timestamp.
Described delay character also comprises delay variation, and transmitting terminal generates two or more measured message among the step a in a period of time;
Then step c also comprises the method for the delay variation in the calculation delay characteristic, for: maximum delay and minimal time delay are selected in the time Yanzhong of all measured message that generate in the period from this section, and maximum delay deducted minimal time delay, obtain the delay variation of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal.
As seen from the above technical solution, the method of measurement of delay character simulates measured message by upper layer software (applications) in this data communication network of the present invention, and measured message is carried out the timestamp mark by the microcode or the hardware (microcode/hardware) of the network equipment, obtain measured message in the time of Network Transmission, finally calculate the delay character of measured network.
This method generates measured message under the actual services environment, its delay parameter of measuring acquisition can reflect the Business Stream time-delay situation under the actual environment, belongs to on-line measurement.In addition, interocclusal record when this method utilizes the microcode/hardware of the network equipment to carry out need be by the extra measuring instrument and the auxiliary equipment of specific function, historical facts or anecdotes now simple and the time interocclusal record accuracy on far above upper layer software (applications).
Further, this method can calculate extra time delay from ring by local terminal, compensates correction to measuring the delay character that obtains, thereby obtains higher certainty of measurement, can obtain the message time delay precision of 10 μ s magnitudes on the 100M Ethernet.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 realizes the flow process that delay character is measured in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is for carrying out the flow process of error compensation in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
For making purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below with reference to the accompanying drawing embodiment that develops simultaneously, the present invention is described in more detail.
Shown in Figure 1 is in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the measurement flow process of the delay character of packet in certain section network.The inchoation equipment of supposing this section network is A, and receiving end equipment is B, and described inchoation equipment A and receiving end equipment B are respectively the arbitrary network equipment at network two ends, such as router etc.Described router can adopt network processing unit to realize, network processing unit is a programmable data frame processing unit on the data communications equipment, usually there are tens to a hundreds of processing unit for parallel running, can finish operation such as table look-up, frame is handled, message is transmitted and abandon, and have hardware and microcode functions.This method specifically may further comprise the steps:
The upper layer software (applications) artificial actual Business Stream of step 101, inchoation equipment A generates at least one measured message, by microcode/hardware on the measured message that is generated one by one mark first transmitting time stab t1, and with mark the measured message of timestamp issue the receiving end equipment B.
In this step, upper layer software (applications) can generate the measured message with any source address, destination address, message length, priority, protocol number and port numbers, and this emulation mode is generally used in the prior art, does not give unnecessary details herein.In addition, upper layer software (applications) can be put on specific measured message sign to measured message when generating measured message.
Described microcode (Picocode/Microcode) is the proprietary binary code that network processing unit is carried out.Mark timestamp action of definition in microcode makes microcode remember timestamp at the measured message subscript that upper layer software (applications) is delivered to.In real system, above-mentioned functions also hardware such as available digital logical circuit is finished.
After step 102, measured message send to the receiving end equipment B via data communication network, the receiving end equipment B is comformed by the microcode/hardware of self and is isolated above-mentioned measured message in the multidata bag, and on isolated measured message one by one mark first time of reception stab t2.Described data communication network comprises Internet, national backbone network, economizes dried net, metropolitan area network, Access Network, enterprise network and various private network.
In this step, microcode/hardware identifies the separating and measuring message according to measured message.What above-mentioned separation process was adopted is existing traffic classification matching process, such as using three-state content addressing memory (TCAM) realization etc., does not give unnecessary details herein.
Outbound port in the receiving end equipment B, measured message is left outbound port from stamping timestamp to last bit of a last byte, processing time is below 20 microseconds, and above-mentioned processing time substantially constant, so the latency measurement precision of this method can reach 0.1ms, satisfies the required precision of voice-bearer network.
After step 104, measured message send it back inchoation equipment A via data communication network, microcode/hardware of inchoation equipment A is isolated measured message by the traffic classification coupling, stamp second time of reception one by one for it and stab t4, again measured message is delivered to the upper layer software (applications) of inchoation equipment A.
The upper layer software (applications) of step 105, inchoation equipment A takes out all timestamps that write down in the measured message, calculates the delay character of network between the equipment of sending and receiving end.
In the said process, upper layer software (applications) can calculate delay characters such as time difference, time delay and delay variation according to all timestamps of record.
1, generally, the time of the network equipment is inconsistent.Time difference refers to synchronization, the time difference that inchoation equipment A and receiving end equipment B indicate, such as certain constantly the time of inchoation equipment A be 11:00, the time of receiving end equipment B is 9:00, the time difference of the two is 2 hours.
Computing time, the method for difference was as follows: upper layer software (applications) judges one by one whether the path back and forth of writing down in the measured message is consistent, if path unanimity back and forth, then calculate the time difference z of each measured message record according to formula (1), again the result of calculation of all measured message is averaged, obtain the time difference between the transceiver.
z＝(t2+t3-t1-t4)/2 (1)
In IP network, can pass through the icmp packet path trace, obtain message path back and forth; In the MPLS network, when setting up the MPLS lsp tunnel, utilize the signaling paths recording method of MPLS TE to obtain message path back and forth.
When some measured message when the path is inconsistent back and forth, the time difference that calculates all measured message according to formula (1) averages again, and the delay character that obtains between the transceiver is also had certain reference value.
2, calculate the time delay x of each measured message according to formula (2), again the time delay of all measured message is averaged, obtain the time delay of transceiver.
x＝t2-t1-z＝t2-t1-(t2+t3-t1-t4)/2 (2)
3, calculation delay shake.Delay variation (jitter) referred in a period of time, the time delay of the minimum message of time delay maximum message segment and time delay poor.Because delay variation is not subjected to the influence of message time delay, the influence that not handled by the classification of two ends time difference and message flow is so its certainty of measurement is than the high 1-2 of a certainty of measurement order of magnitude of time delay.
In flow process shown in Figure 1, microcode/hardware timestamp of mark on measured message is provided by hardware clock.Described hardware clock adopts local crystal oscillator to produce signal source, can select for use 64 digit counters to realize that precision reaches 10ppm.In the delay character measuring process, when the clock frequency of inchoation equipment A and receiving end equipment B is inconsistent, can adjust the factor by existing protocol notification time between A, B equipment of data communication network, the clock frequency of the two is consistent.
In Fast Ethernet, message is carried out the traffic classification coupling from first bit access arrangement inbound port of first byte, and to stamping timestamp, the processing time that whole process is finished by microcode/hardware is below 20 microseconds.Because actual service message is not beaten timestamp,, can increase measure error so the above-mentioned processing time is extra the introducing.
In the less demanding voice-bearer network to certainty of measurement, the described method of measurement of the foregoing description can satisfy its required precision.Further, in order to improve the certainty of measurement of delay character, the demand that adapts to other network application, can also in measuring process, carry out local terminal from ring, thereby calculate the extra time delay Tz that microcode/hardware is introduced in mark timestamp and traffic classification matching process, so that The ultimate results is compensated correction, detailed process as shown in Figure 2:
The upper layer software (applications) of step 201, inchoation equipment A generates the measured message of ring certainly that destination address be self address, and mark send timestamp t5 from environment-development on the measured message from encircling above-mentioned by microcode/hardware, and send described oneself encircle measured message.
Step 202, encircle measured message through after data communication network returns inchoation equipment A certainly, microcode/hardware of inchoation equipment A is isolated from encircling measured message by the traffic classification coupling, stamp from articulating receipts timestamp t6 for it, will encircle the upper layer software (applications) that measured message is delivered to inchoation equipment A certainly again.
Step 203, upper layer software (applications) calculate extra time delay Tz according to from encircling sending timestamp t5 and receive timestamp t6 from articulating from environment-development of writing down in the measured message.Wherein, Tz=t6-t5.
Step 204, upper layer software (applications) compensate correction according to calculating the extra time delay Tz that obtains to delay character.
For example, for time delay x, through the time delay Tx=x-Tz behind the compensation correction.
In the said process, also can calculate extra time delay Tz by local terminal from ring by the receiving end equipment B; Perhaps, calculate the first extra time delay Tz1 by inchoation equipment A, the receiving end equipment B calculates the second extra time delay Tz2, gets the mean value of the first extra time delay Tz1 and the second extra time delay Tz2 then, obtains extra time delay Tz.
Actual test shows reaches 10 μ s order of magnitude precision through the delay character that obtains behind the compensation correction.
In addition, upper layer software (applications) can also repeatedly send measured message and writing time as required, obtains the more accurate delay character of map network with statistical method again.
By the above embodiments as seen, the method for measurement of delay character in this data communication network of the present invention, the microcode/hardware by the network equipment carries out the timestamp mark to the measured message that upper layer software (applications) generates, thereby calculates the delay character of network.This method realizes simple, and it is professional can not influence actual operation, and can obtain the required certainty of measurement of network well.
Claims (7)
1, the method for measurement of delay character in a kind of data communication network is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
A, transmitting terminal generate at least one measured message when sending packet to receiving terminal, be the measured message that generated mark first transmitting time stamp one by one by self microcode/hardware, and above-mentioned measured message is sent; Receiving terminal is isolated measured message from the packet that receives, and with self microcode/hardware be isolated measured message one by one mark first time of reception stab;
B, receiving terminal are isolated measured message mark second transmitting time stamp one by one with the microcode/hardware of self, and by data communication network above-mentioned measured message are sent to transmitting terminal; Transmitting terminal is isolated described measured message from the packet that receives, and with self microcode/hardware be isolated measured message one by one mark second time of reception stab;
It is the measured message of ring certainly of self that c1, transmitting terminal and/or receiving terminal generate destination address, by microcode/hardware be described oneself encircle the measured message mark and send timestamp from environment-development, and will encircle measured message certainly and send;
C2, transmitting terminal and/or receiving terminal are isolated described from encircling measured message from the packet that receives, and with microcode/hardware be isolated oneself encircle the measured message mark and receive timestamp from articulating;
C3, receiving timestamp and sending timestamp to calculate extra time delay according to transmitting terminal and/or receiving terminal from environment-development from articulating;
C, first transmitting time stamp according to measured message institute mark, first time of reception stamp, second transmitting time stamp and second time of reception stab, and calculate the time delay in the delay character between transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal; Described time delay is deducted extra time delay, the time delay behind the acquisition compensation correction.
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the measured message that generates among the step a has the measured message sign;
Then the separating and measuring method of message is: according to the measured message sign, use the traffic classification matching process to isolate measured message.
3, method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described traffic classification matching process adopts three-state content addressing memory to realize.
4, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described delay character comprises the time difference, then step c also comprises the method for the time difference in the calculation delay characteristic, for: first time of reception stamp of each measured message is added second transmitting time stamp sum, deduct first transmitting time stamp and add second time of reception stamp sum, the difference of acquisition is divided by two; Again the result of calculation of all measured message is averaged, obtain the time difference of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal.
5, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method of the time delay in the delay character between described calculating transmitting terminal of described step c and the receiving terminal is: first time of reception stamp of each measured message is added second time of reception stamp sum, deduct first transmitting time stamp and add second transmitting time stamp sum, the difference that obtains obtains the time delay of each measured message divided by two; Again the time delay of all measured message is averaged, obtain the time delay of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal.
6, method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, the method for the extra time delay of the described calculating of step c3 is:
Send timestamp with deducting from environment-development of transmitting terminal, obtain extra time delay from articulating receipts timestamp;
Perhaps, send timestamp, obtain extra time delay deducting from environment-development of receiving terminal from articulating receipts timestamp;
Perhaps, send first extra time delay of timestamp acquisition and deducting from environment-development of receiving terminal to send the second extra time delay of timestamp acquisition to average deducting from environment-development of transmitting terminal, obtain extra time delay from articulating receipts timestamp from articulating receipts timestamp.
7, method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described delay character also comprises delay variation, and transmitting terminal generates two or more measured message among the step a in a period of time;
Then step c also comprises the method for the delay variation in the calculation delay characteristic, for: maximum delay and minimal time delay are selected in the time Yanzhong of all measured message that generate in the period from this section, and maximum delay deducted minimal time delay, obtain the delay variation of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal.
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