CN100453969C - Three-coordinate measuring method and apparatus for measuring complicated curved surface - Google Patents
Three-coordinate measuring method and apparatus for measuring complicated curved surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN100453969C CN100453969C CNB2004100105550A CN200410010555A CN100453969C CN 100453969 C CN100453969 C CN 100453969C CN B2004100105550 A CNB2004100105550 A CN B2004100105550A CN 200410010555 A CN200410010555 A CN 200410010555A CN 100453969 C CN100453969 C CN 100453969C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a measuring method of a three-coordinate machine, which is used for measuring complex curved surfaces. The method comprises the following steps that: a machine model to be measured and a clamp model are built in a computer, and coordinate systems of the machine model to be measured and the clamp model are respectively built; the conversion relation between a clamp coordinate system and a coordinate system of a piece to be measured is obtained, and theoretical measuring points are collected on the model of the piece to be measured so as to obtain actual measurement base and comparison reference; according to the conversion relation between the two coordinate systems and the point sampling data in the last step, a three-coordinate automatic measuring program is edited; an actual positioning clamp is made according to the clamp model; the piece to be measured is obtained, and is measured by the three-coordinate automatic measurement program to obtain the measuring data of each measuring point in the coordinate system of the piece to be measured. The present invention also provides a corresponding three-coordinate measuring device which particularly comprises the positioning clamp, and the positioning clamp comprises a bottom plate and a positioning element arranged on the bottom plate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to three coordinate machine measuring method and device thereof, particularly relates to a kind of three coordinate machine measuring method and device thereof of measuring complex-curved profile tolerance.
Background technology
Three coordinate measuring machine is a kind of measurement mechanism that is widely used in industry, scientific research.Yet, having at measured piece under the situation of complex-curved profile tolerance, the coordinate system of measured piece drops on beyond the measurement mechanism, and there is not the geometric element that can be used to set up the transition coordinate system in self.Therefore, in the prior art, there is not good method can utilize three coordinate measuring machine to come complex-curved profile tolerance is measured basically.
So, have at measured piece under the situation of complex-curved profile, just take measured piece and master sample to do to meet contrast mostly, see that with eyes the size in slit is differentiated qualitatively between the two.
In addition, there is three coordinate measuring machine manufacturer that a kind of like this measuring method is provided.Specifically, it is a foundation with CAD (computer-aided design (CAD)) digital-to-analogue file, takes six point measurement mathematics iteration techniques to build coordinate system (Iterative Alignments).This 6 collection must meet " 3-2-1 " rule, only in this way just can make to iterate to calculate to reach convergence, builds up the measured piece coordinate.Yet " 3-2-1 " rule according to the rules wherein must have on 2 edges that fix on measured piece.When measured piece is the thin-walled parts of for example turbo blade and so on, because it is to form with multiple working procedure combination punch process, can be on the edge because of the residual burr of punching press zone of fracture.Therefore, though can restrain, the repeatable accuracy that there is no need is not so there is practical value.
Therefore, be to measure the problem that the boundary does not have fine solution for a long time how to measured piece measurement with complex-curved profile tolerance.
Summary of the invention
For addressing the above problem, the objective of the invention is to, a kind of three coordinate machine measuring method and the device thereof that can accurately measure complex-curved profile tolerance is provided.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of complex-curved three coordinate machine measuring method that is used to measure, be included in the step of setting up a measured piece model in the computing machine, it comprises the steps: that also (a) sets up a fixture model that is used to locate measured piece in computing machine, and is that an anchor clamps coordinate system is set up on the basis with the fixture model; (b) with the measured piece model orientation on fixture model, and be that a measured piece coordinate system is set up on the basis with the measured piece; (c) conversion relation between acquisition anchor clamps coordinate system and the measured piece coordinate system, and on the measured piece model, gather theoretical measurement point, with basis and the benchmark relatively that obtains actual measurement; (d), formulate the automatic measuring process of three-dimensional and also be entered in the control device of three coordinate measuring machine according to the conversion relation between last two coordinate systems that step obtained and adopt point data; (e) make a real positioning jig device according to fixture model; (f) obtain measured piece, and be located on the positioning jig device; And (g) in three coordinate measuring machine, by the automatic measuring process of three-dimensional measured piece is measured, obtain the measurement data of each measurement point in the measured piece coordinate system.
The present invention also provides a kind of complex-curved three coordinate machine measurement mechanism that is used to measure, comprise measurement mechanism and the control device that is used for the control survey device, it also comprises positioning jig device, this positioning jig device comprises base plate and is arranged on setting element on the base plate, wherein, comprise all automatic measurement program in the control device, this program is to gather theoretical measurement point by the conversion relation between the coordinate system of the coordinate system of setting up the measured piece model and positioning jig device model and on measured piece to work out.
By method and apparatus of the present invention, can accurately measure complex-curved profile tolerance value, thereby in the trial-manufacturing process of complex curved face product (as turbo blade), can be the modification mould correct data is provided.Method and apparatus of the present invention can be applicable to the control survey of the procedure quality of processing in enormous quantities, makes SPC (stored programme control) control chart for the stability of analyzing processing, and correct data is provided.In addition, method and apparatus of the present invention can be widely used in having the measurement of various complex-curved measured pieces, and the scope of application is very wide.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the stereographic map of the positioning jig device of preferred embodiment according to the present invention, is mounted with turbo blade on this positioning fixture;
Fig. 2 is the curved surface synoptic diagram of the leaf model of turbo blade shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of the transformational relation of expression fixture model coordinate and leaf model coordinate; And
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram according to complex-curved measuring system of the present invention;
Embodiment
Below will describe measurement mechanism of the present invention and method in detail as measured piece with turbo blade with complex-curved profile tolerance.
The three coordinate machine measurement mechanism of preferred embodiment mainly comprises according to the present invention: measurement mechanism (not shown), control device (not shown) and positioning jig device.So-called " measurement mechanism " is meant the entity component (for example measuring head) that is used for measuring, and be identical with the various members of the measurement mechanism of traditional three coordinate machine." control device " is meant the control computer of three coordinate machine, wherein is combined with different functional module or programs in the past, and these modules or program will be explained in detail in conjunction with measuring method hereinafter.And positioning jig device is through specially designed, different from the past.
As shown in Figure 1, positioning jig device 1 comprises: base plate 2, the cylinder 4 that is arranged on the edge of a knife post 3 of three settings on the base plate 2 and is arranged on three settings on the base plate 2.Turbo blade 5 with complex-curved profile tolerance is by each edge of a knife post 3 and each cylinder 4 location, to meet " six point locations " rule.Particularly, the shearing bright layer of described each edge of a knife post 3 and each cylinder 4 and turbo blade 5 formation point contacts.That is to say that each edge of a knife post 3 forms point with the curved surface of turbo blade 5 and contacts, and cylinder 4 contacts with the edge formation point of turbo blade 5.
So-called " shearing bright layer " is meant along the vane thickness direction and at first sheared and the bright part that forms, this light partly be with respect to after be sheared and the burr part that forms.Anchor point is arranged on to shear on the bright layer can improves repeatable accuracy greatly.
Three/three configurations that it is pointed out that above-described each edge of a knife post 3 and each cylinder 4 in addition are not necessary.Shear on the bright layer as long as turbo blade 5 can be positioned at reliably in the mode of a contact, it is complete feasible adopting other configuration (comprise two/four configurations, one/five configuration, zero/six configurations, four/two configurations, five/one configurations, six/zero configuration, the anchor point of six point locations other quantity in addition) even.
Describe three coordinate machine measuring method of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with Fig. 2-Fig. 4.
(a) among Fig. 4 part shows the drafting and the preparatory stage of measurement scheme of turbo blade profile tolerance.Wherein need to solve the difficult point of building coordinate system, positioning jig device design difficult point, on the blade cad model, adopt establishment problem of a problem and process of measurement and complicated algorithm program or the like.
Have realized that by above description and be difficult to utilize turbo blade itself to set up coordinate with complex-curved profile tolerance to prior art.For addressing this problem, the applicant finds after deliberation, can select for use positioning jig device to set up coordinate, and then is converted into the coordinate of blade, and this also can be described as core concept of the present invention.
Specifically,, in the CAD computing machine, design aforesaid positioning jig device, because this positioning jig device is the digital-to-analogue file that is present in the computing machine, so it is referred to as " fixture model 1 ' " in step 101.On the angle of an orthogonal requirement in twos on the base plate of fixture model 1 ', set up an anchor clamps coordinate system A (Fig. 3).
As shown in Figure 2, in addition, in the CAD computing machine, just store the digital-to-analogue file of the turbo blade that designs originally, also be referred to as " leaf model 5 ' " at this.The curved surface of this leaf model 5 ' is made up of straight burr line 6 '.Blade reinforcement in label 7 ' the expression leaf model among the figure.
Then,, leaf model 5 ' is installed on the fixture model 1 ', and sets up blade coordinate system B (Fig. 3) in step 102.Importantly, after having set up anchor clamps coordinate system A and blade coordinate system B, just can obtain the transfer algorithm relation (step 105) of these two coordinate systems.Like this, make three coordinate measuring machine to measure, can obtain the coordinate of complex-curved profile in the blade coordinate system by conversion to the anchor clamps coordinate system.
Which secondly, get a little, with basis (promptly in fact measuring) and the benchmark (being theoretic standard value) relatively that obtains actual measurement at point at step 103 pair leaf model.Through researching and analysing, if get at random a little on the digital-to-analogue curved surface of CAD leaf model 5 ', the fitting algorithm gained curved surfaces different by CAD can produce certain difference, can influence the uniqueness of measure theory data.Therefore, had better not on curved surface, get a little at random, but on the three-dimensional straight streakline 6 ' of match composition spoon of blade, get a little.Therefore, on straight burr line 6 ', get a little, obtain the theoretic coordinate figure and the vector value of measurement point.Certainly, if accuracy requirement is not high, for simplicity, also can consider at random to get a little.
At last,,, utilize the above measure dot number certificate that obtains, work out out CMM (three coordinate measuring machine) and calculate the dot file of adopting that function understands according to the spoon of blade characteristics in step 104.
In case the transfer algorithm relation of two coordinate systems has been arranged, what had that the three-dimensional coordinates measurement function reads adopts the point data file, just can work out out the automatic process of measurement of three-dimensional, and it is imported in the computing machine of three coordinate measuring machine.In addition, produce practical position grip device 1, and carry out possible precision adjustment according to fixture model 1 '.So just finished the preliminary work of whole measurement scheme.
The actual measurement process of turbo blade profile tolerance is described below with reference to (b) among Fig. 4 part.
At first, in step 201, preferably three coordinate machine measurement mechanism of the present invention is carried out fail-test.This fail-test is undertaken by FMEA (repetition/reproduction) test, just repeats revision test after test of many times (to the identical measurement point repeated measurement of a certain amount of blade repeatedly) and the multiple clamping (after a certain amount of blade repeated multiple clamping to identical measurement point repeated measurement repeatedly).Fail-test identical with the formal measuring process of the following stated in steps.If test shows repetition/repeatability and meets relevant criterion (that is to say that the data that test obtains drop in the margin tolerance of permission), proves that promptly three coordinate machine measurement mechanism of the present invention (comprising automatic process of measurement wherein) is reliably, can be put to use.
Then begin formal measurement.In step 202, the blade that actual punch process is come out extracts test sample.In step 203, measured sample is delivered to three coordinate machine measurement mechanism of the present invention and be located on positioning jig device 1.In step 204, carry out actual measurement by working out the automatic process of measurement of three-dimensional that comes out as mentioned above.In step 205, owing to can carry out conversion process to anchor clamps coordinate system and blade coordinate system in the process of measurement automatically, thereby can obtain being in the measurement data in the blade coordinate system, the i.e. data of blade profile degree.
On the basis of the complex-curved profile tolerance data that can obtain turbo blade basically, preferably also to carry out error analysis.
(c) part general description of Fig. 4 the error analysis process of measurement data.At first,, can know the main error that has three factors in this measuring process through error analysis in step 301.That is: the 1. measured material micro-error of making; 2. all there are error in blade punch process rear curved surface and edge, and these two is interrelated again, thus wherein wrap-around error really we need to measure; 3. because marginal error and anchor clamps trace error makes the blade location produce unknown side-play amount with theoretical position, measuring point is departed from and cause measuring error.
In step 302, the measuring error that above-mentioned reason causes is repaired.Specifically, extract a plurality of samples, each the measurement point coordinate figure and the theory of correspondences point coordinate value of each part in the sample are made the computing of three dimensions best-fit, i.e. Best Fit algorithm process.By this algorithm process, can not only export spoon of blade profile tolerance value, can also export the deviation value of the elements of a fix.The grid deviation of so-called " deviation values of the elements of a fix " just tested blade and theoretical blade, required coordinate trim amount in other words conj.or perhaps.
Then,, in process of measurement, adjust coordinate system, under new coordinate system, do for the second time subsequently and measure in step 304.A large amount of evidences, this finishing can be removed the error that above-mentioned reason produces, and obtains accurate relatively blade profile degree value.Simultaneously because the micro-sum of errors that 1. measured material can be made 2. the error at blade punch process rear curved surface and edge regard the systematic error that remains unchanged substantially as, so also constant substantially to the trimming value of the coordinate system departure after measuring for the first time.Therefore,, the conversion amount of coordinate system can be in process of measurement, directly repaired, once just this finishing can be finished as long as measure for certain specific measured piece.
1. in addition, need to monitor above-described and the 2. error of factor, whether (different do not deal with because of changing) has had influence on the trim amount of coordinate system departure will to monitor especially that the accidental cause of the man-machine material method factor in the technological process changes.Therefore, preferably the step 206 after above-mentioned actual measurement step 205 remakes Best Fit algorithm process one time to the measurement result that is obtained, and differentiates the variable quantity of coordinate system deviate.In step 207, the empirical value of an above-mentioned variable quantity and a regulation is made comparisons, if depart from, then sample drawn is again done experiment and is carried out statistical study, obtains the deviation trimming value of coordinate system conversion again through step 304, and then normally measures; If do not depart from, then export the measurement result of blade profile degree in step 208.
Therefore, daily testing process to the batch punch process is step 202-203-204-205-206-207-208 process just can be provided measurement report.In case differentiate in step 207 overproof, scene sample drawn on request again just, and carry out test to coordinate system converted deviation amount trimming value according to step 202-203-204-205-303-304 closed circulation flow process.
Processing modes such as the conversion between the above-mentioned coordinate system, Best Fit algorithm process, programming all are that those skilled in the art is familiar with very much, thereby do not add and give unnecessary details.
Though abovely measuring method of the present invention and device are described, are familiar with those skilled in the art and should on the basis of above disclosure, make various modification that are equal to and change by preferred embodiment.For example, the step of fail-test and error analysis is arranged in above-mentioned measuring method, if but product lot quantity is little and/or low slightly to accuracy requirement, also can omit these steps; So very difficulty and also not high to the requirement of measuring accuracy of locating has, in above description, turbo blade is positioned on the shearing bright layer, if but so also can consider to use other anchor point.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention is not subjected to above specifically described restriction, but should be limited by appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. one kind is used to measure complex-curved three coordinate machine measuring method, is included in the step of setting up a measured piece model in the computing machine, it is characterized in that, also comprises the steps:
(a) in computing machine, set up a fixture model that is used to locate described measured piece, and be that an anchor clamps coordinate system is set up on the basis with described fixture model;
(b) with described measured piece model orientation on described fixture model, and be that a measured piece coordinate system is set up on the basis with described measured piece;
(c) conversion relation between described anchor clamps coordinate system of acquisition and the described measured piece coordinate system, and on described measured piece model, gather theoretical measurement point, with basis and the benchmark relatively that obtains actual measurement;
(d), formulate the automatic measuring process of three-dimensional and also be entered in the control device of three coordinate measuring machine according to the conversion relation between last two coordinate systems that step obtained and adopt point data;
(e) make a real positioning jig device according to described fixture model;
(f) obtain described measured piece, and be located on the described positioning jig device; And
(g) in described three coordinate measuring machine, by the automatic measuring process of described three-dimensional described measured piece is measured, obtain the measurement data of each measurement point in the described measured piece coordinate system.
2. as claimed in claim 1 being used to measured complex-curved three coordinate machine measuring method, it is characterized in that, also comprises the steps: in described step (e) afterwards, carries out repetition/repeatability test.
3. as claimed in claim 1 being used to measured complex-curved three coordinate machine measuring method, it is characterized in that, also comprises the steps: in described step (e) afterwards, carries out error analysis and handles.
4. as claimed in claim 3 being used to measured complex-curved three coordinate machine measuring method, it is characterized in that, described error analysis treatment step comprises:
I) sample of a plurality of described measured pieces of extraction utilizes described three coordinate measuring machine to obtain the coordinate figure of each measurement point of each sample;
Ii) the coordinate figure of described each measurement point and the coordinate figure of theory of correspondences point are done the best-fit computing, with the measurement data that obtains described measured piece and the deviation value of the elements of a fix; And
Iii), in the automatic measuring process of described three-dimensional, adjust coordinate system according to the deviation value of the described elements of a fix.
5. as claimed in claim 3 being used to measured complex-curved three coordinate machine measuring method, it is characterized in that, also comprise the steps: afterwards in described step (g),
(h) measurement data of described acquisition is done the best-fit computing, to obtain the variable quantity of coordinate system deviate;
(i) empirical value of a described variable quantity and a regulation is made comparisons; And
(j) if depart from described empirical value, then sample drawn is again done experiment and is carried out statistical study, does error analysis again and handles, and then normally measure; If do not depart from described empirical value, then export The ultimate results.
6. as claimed in claim 1 being used to measured complex-curved three coordinate machine measuring method, it is characterized in that, at described step (b), described measured piece model navigates on the described fixture model with six point location methods; At described step (f), described measured piece navigates on the described positioning jig device with six point location methods.
7. as claimed in claim 1 being used to measured complex-curved three coordinate machine measuring method, it is characterized in that, at described step (b), described measured piece model is sheared bright layer with it and navigated on the described fixture model.
8. as claimed in claim 1 being used to measured complex-curved three coordinate machine measuring method, it is characterized in that, at described step (f), described measured piece is sheared bright layer with it and navigated on the described positioning jig device.
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