CN100451413C - Low energy consumption large flow valve - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域: Technical field:
在水利上、在农田灌溉上、在生活用水上,都大量地存在着水体输送的工作,为了控制和管理水体的输送,在供水系统中大量使用了阀门和闸门。“低能耗大流量阀”就是这样一种阀门,由于它特别适用于大流量的水体输送,因此在水利闸门和农田灌溉用的水闸或小型水坝方面,“低能耗大流量阀”也能得到应用。In terms of water conservancy, farmland irrigation, and domestic water, there are a large number of water transportation tasks. In order to control and manage the transportation of water bodies, a large number of valves and gates are used in the water supply system. "Low energy consumption and large flow valve" is such a valve. Because it is especially suitable for large flow water body transportation, "low energy consumption and large flow valve" can also be applied in water conservancy gates and sluice gates or small dams for farmland irrigation. .
背景技术: Background technique:
传统的阀门都是在外加的力量和能量作用下启闭的,最典型的是我们每天要用的水龙头了,因为家用水源的水管直径很小,水对阀门的关键部件的作用力很小。因此它是利用我们手的旋动提起关断水的阀盖或球阀,使水得以流动的,同样反向的操作可以切断水源。当水管的直径有数十厘米甚至数百厘米时,仅用一个人的力量,事实上是无法开启和关闭阀门的,这是因为关闭状态下阀门承受了巨大的静压力,而静压力义造成了巨大的磨擦阻力;当要将有流动的水的阀门关断时,又由于水动力的作用及由它引起的磨擦阻力,单靠一个人的力量,要克服如此巨大的静压力和巨大的磨擦阻力,实际上是相当困难的。因此,在实际上,人们常常是用一只电动机,驱动一个蜗轮变速器,再通过一付螺母螺杆才能得以开启或关闭阀门。而当水流通过面积大于一平方米以后,人们常用闸门的方式来对待水源的管理了。Traditional valves are opened and closed under the action of external force and energy. The most typical is the faucet we use every day, because the diameter of the water pipe of the household water source is small, and the force of water on the key parts of the valve is very small. Therefore, it uses the rotation of our hands to lift the bonnet or ball valve that shuts off the water, so that the water can flow, and the same reverse operation can cut off the water source. When the diameter of the water pipe is tens of centimeters or even hundreds of centimeters, it is actually impossible to open and close the valve with the strength of only one person. This is because the valve bears huge static pressure in the closed state, and the static pressure causes When it is necessary to close the valve with flowing water, due to the effect of hydrodynamic force and the frictional resistance caused by it, it is necessary to overcome such a huge static pressure and huge frictional resistance by one person alone. Frictional resistance is actually quite difficult. Therefore, in fact, people often use an electric motor to drive a worm gear transmission, and then a pair of nuts and screws can be used to open or close the valve. And when the water flow through the area is greater than one square meter, people often use gates to manage the water source.
发明内容: Invention content:
以上的事实是,无论阀门是处在关闭的状态还是处在开启的状态,阀门的附近都是存在有巨大的力量,但在本发明提出之前,这个力量通常只是人们力图克服的对象。而“低能耗大流量阀”则是一种利用这“巨大的力量”来开启或关闭阀门的一种阀门。The above facts are that no matter whether the valve is in the closed state or in the open state, there is a huge force near the valve, but before the present invention is proposed, this force is usually only the object that people try to overcome. The "low energy consumption large flow valve" is a kind of valve that uses this "huge power" to open or close the valve.
一种低能耗大流量阀,是利用阀口处流体能量进行阀门启闭的阀门,其特征是:在构成低能耗大流量阀的组件中,有二个喇叭形取流口,一个管理取得的有压流体去向的换向阀门(以下称为“控制阀”),以及一个利用取得的有压流体来开启或关闭的主体阀门,主体阀门的启闭由能充液膨胀变形的弹性囊状体来承担,或用一个或多个能充液膨胀变形的弹性囊状体驱动机械构件来承担,所述主体阀门用手轻轻按动或用电磁铁的动作来切换控制阀工况来实施启闭,这种低能耗大流量阀可以用作为常规概念中管道上用的角阀、蝶阀、截止阀等,也可用作为水利灌渠中用胶囊构成的充水水坝或水利设施中制作在水工建筑中的闸门。A low-energy-consumption large-flow valve is a valve that utilizes fluid energy at the valve port to open and close the valve. The reversing valve (hereinafter referred to as "control valve") where the pressurized fluid goes, and a main valve that uses the obtained pressurized fluid to open or close the main valve is opened and closed by an elastic bladder that can be filled with liquid and expands To undertake, or use one or more elastic bladders that can be filled with liquid to expand and deform to drive mechanical components, and the main valve is gently pressed by hand or the action of an electromagnet to switch the working condition of the control valve to implement opening and closing , this kind of low energy consumption and large flow valve can be used as angle valve, butterfly valve, globe valve, etc. on the pipeline in the conventional concept, and can also be used as a water-filled dam or water conservancy facility made of capsules in water conservancy irrigation canals. gate.
本阀门适用于一切水质比较洁净的满管输送的输水管道,如自来水供水系统,水利上的输水系统,农田灌溉中的输水系统等。由于它的大流量特性,因此在水利的闸门方面也可以用为替代设备。This valve is suitable for all water delivery pipelines with relatively clean water quality, such as tap water supply systems, water delivery systems in water conservancy, and water delivery systems in farmland irrigation. Due to its large flow characteristics, it can also be used as an alternative device in water conservancy gates.
在本发明提出之前,本人从未看到同样的工作原理并用于同样设备的设计,无论是阀门还是闸门。Before the present invention, I have never seen the same working principle and used in the design of the same equipment, whether it is a valve or a gate.
明显的事实是,这种将人们力图克服的对象转变成人们达到目的的能源,从而大大地节省了启闭阀门外加的能源,仅从这一点上来看就有着节能的意义。用一个实际的例子来说明这一点,一只4公斤的电磁铁额定的最大工作电流是2.3安培,启动一次的时间算它要2秒,工作电压按220伏计算,一度电可以动作约3500次,而“低能耗大流量阀”并不要4公斤的力,更不要2秒钟的工作时间。而且,“低能耗大流量阀”还十分有利于不直接接触的有线遥控,这对水资源的管理,对农田水利管理,对大规模的水资源调配都有着较大的帮助。The obvious fact is that this kind of object that people strive to overcome is transformed into energy for people to achieve their goals, thereby greatly saving the extra energy of opening and closing valves. Only from this point of view, it has the significance of energy saving. Use a practical example to illustrate this point. A 4 kg electromagnet has a rated maximum working current of 2.3 amps. It takes 2 seconds to start it once. The working voltage is calculated at 220 volts, and one kilowatt-hour of electricity can operate about 3500 times. , and the "low energy consumption large flow valve" does not require a force of 4 kg, let alone a working time of 2 seconds. Moreover, the "low energy consumption and large flow valve" is also very conducive to wired remote control without direct contact, which is of great help to the management of water resources, farmland water conservancy management, and large-scale water resource allocation.
“低能耗大流量阀”的意义较为显而易见,但这阀门附近的流体能量是否足以启闭阀门呢?我们知道流体力学中的伯努利方程表明,流体中无处不在的主要能量形式共有三种:热能、压能、动能,它们之间相互转化是随着流体环境的变化而不断变化着的。例如在阀门处在关闭的状态时,装有阀门的管路系统中,在阀门附近靠水源一侧的水体中,存在有势能、压能;而在阀门处在开通的状态时,在阀门附近存在有势能、压能和动能。这势能、压能的存在并可以被利用还比较直观,但它是否足以克服水流的冲力颇值得怀疑了,而至于动能的利用,则更存疑虑了。这里,我们通过对一个蝶阀的分析来说明“低能耗大流量阀”的工作原理。The meaning of "low energy consumption and large flow valve" is relatively obvious, but is the fluid energy near the valve enough to open and close the valve? We know that the Bernoulli equation in fluid mechanics shows that there are three main forms of energy ubiquitous in fluids: thermal energy, pressure energy, and kinetic energy, and the mutual transformation between them is constantly changing with the change of the fluid environment. For example, when the valve is in the closed state, in the pipeline system equipped with the valve, there is potential energy and pressure energy in the water near the valve near the water source; There is potential energy, pressure energy and kinetic energy. The existence and utilization of this potential energy and pressure energy is relatively intuitive, but it is doubtful whether it is enough to overcome the momentum of the water flow, and the utilization of kinetic energy is even more doubtful. Here, we illustrate the working principle of "low energy consumption and large flow valve" through the analysis of a butterfly valve.
图1是用以说明“低能耗大流量阀”获取能启闭阀门的压力水源的示意图,图中所显示的是内部构造全被暂时移去的阀门,此时的阀门只剩下了两端还带有法兰的一段管道。图中的两端管口的下方都有一翻起的边,它们就是喇叭形取流口的剖面,在喇叭形取流口的后边都连接着管子。图中箭头所示的是通过阀门的水流方向,因此,左边的喇叭形取流口是逆着水流的方向安置的,而右边的喇叭形取流口则是顺着水流的方向安置的。无论是那一个喇叭形取流口,它口部的截流面积是其后部管口的截流面积的5倍以上。对于左边的喇叭形取流口来说,水进入喇叭形取流口以后,由于断面积逐渐减小,因此流速开始增大,与此相伴的水的压能也稍有提高。如果这股水流一旦被堵塞(背压),由于流体的动能变成了零,因而压能就会迅速升高。这是伯努利方程表明的道理。这最终的压力能升到多高,和喇叭形取流口与管口的比例有关,比值越大,这个压力就越高。此外,这个压力还和喇叭形取流口后的全部管路上的局部压力损失和沿程损失有关,损失越大,这最终的压力就越低,另外局部损失是流速的函数,在管内流速很小时这个损失也随之降低,何况也还可以通过改善管内流通条件来降低损失。对于“低能耗大流量阀”来说,这个压力只要能足以启闭阀门就行了,因为喇叭形取流口太大对整个输送的水体造成的局部损失也是不利于水体输送的。至于右端的喇叭形取流口,由于喇叭形取流口所处的断面水体(不是指喇叭形取流口内的水体)的通流面积最小,因而水体的流速稍有提高,因此这里水体中的水的静压力(压能)要低于喇叭形取流口内的水体中的水的静压力(压能),根据流体力学原理,喇叭形取流口内的水有一种被喇叭形取流口外的水抽吸出去趋势。因此这两个喇叭形取流口的后接管内的压力是明显不同的:左边从E口输出的压力要比右边从F口流出的压力高得多。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram to illustrate that the "low energy consumption large flow valve" obtains the pressure water source that can open and close the valve. What is shown in the figure is a valve whose internal structure has been temporarily removed. At this time, only two ends of the valve are left. Also a piece of pipe with a flange. There is a raised edge under the two ends of the nozzle in the figure, and they are exactly the section of the trumpet-shaped orifice, and pipes are connected to the back of the trumpet-shaped orifice. The arrow in the figure shows the direction of water flow through the valve. Therefore, the trumpet-shaped intake port on the left is arranged against the direction of water flow, while the trumpet-shaped intake port on the right is arranged along the direction of water flow. No matter which trumpet-shaped orifice is taken, the intercepting area of its mouth is more than 5 times of the intercepting area of its rear nozzle. For the trumpet-shaped intake on the left, after water enters the trumpet-shaped intake, due to the gradual decrease of the cross-sectional area, the flow velocity begins to increase, and the pressure energy of the water is also slightly increased. If this flow is once blocked (back pressure), the pressure energy will rise rapidly because the kinetic energy of the fluid becomes zero. This is what the Bernoulli equation shows. How high the final pressure can rise is related to the ratio of the trumpet-shaped orifice to the nozzle. The larger the ratio, the higher the pressure. In addition, this pressure is also related to the local pressure loss and loss along the entire pipeline after the trumpet-shaped orifice. The greater the loss, the lower the final pressure. In addition, the local loss is a function of the flow rate, and the flow rate in the pipe is very high. The loss per hour is also reduced, not to mention that the loss can also be reduced by improving the circulation conditions in the pipe. For the "low energy consumption and large flow valve", the pressure should be enough to open and close the valve, because the local loss of the entire water body caused by the trumpet-shaped flow intake is not conducive to water body transportation. As for the trumpet-shaped intake at the right end, since the cross-section water body (not referring to the water body in the trumpet-shaped intake) where the trumpet-shaped intake is located has the smallest flow area, the flow velocity of the water body is slightly increased, so the water body here The static pressure (pressure energy) of water is lower than the static pressure (pressure energy) of the water in the water body in the trumpet-shaped flow intake. Water sucks out the tendency. Therefore, the pressures in the rear pipes of the two trumpet-shaped orifices are obviously different: the pressure on the left from port E is much higher than the pressure from port F on the right.
图2是“低能耗大流量阀”中蝶阀的构造示意图。图2中,左边是阀体1和驱动器2被沿着蝶形阀门8平面剖开的剖面图,驱动器的盖5及安装在盖上的控制阀6、控制阀上的操纵按钮7都没有被剖开,此图中我们还能看到驱动器与其盖连接的法兰4、蝶形阀门8、驱动器叶片9。右图是左视图移走驱动器盖后露显出来的驱动器内部构造。图中显示出阀体1和它两端的法兰3,驱动器内的“能充液膨胀变形的弹性囊状体”(以下简称为胶囊)11、12,无泄漏地被固定在驱动器外壳2上的分隔板10上,蝶形阀门通过轴与驱动器叶片9相连。右图现在所显示的是从两个喇叭形取流口取得来的有压水流经过控制阀后,高压力水通过胶囊11上的孔A、B进入到了胶囊11的内部,同时低压力水(更正确讲应当是负压力水)则通过胶囊12上的孔C、B从胶囊12通过顺向喇叭形取流口流到阀后下游的管内去的。由于胶囊11内的压力要高于胶囊12内的压力,而驱动器的盖5工作时是固定在驱动器上的,因此叶片9受到压力的作用作逆时针转动,直至“低能耗大流量阀”将水源关断,叶片9被阀体内的挡块(图中没有显示)挡住为止。这种驱动器与液压气动中的双作用摆动缸十分相似,不同的是工作区不是靠精密的密封技术来分隔作用区域,而是用了一个“能充液膨胀变形的弹性囊状体”的胶囊,这主要是为了制造上的便利。如果能够采用新材料新工艺,既能保证密封,又能可靠地分隔工作区域,这胶囊是完全可以省去的。例如在水利的闸门中应用本设计,就可以考虑这样做。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the butterfly valve in the "low energy consumption large flow valve". In Fig. 2, the left side is a cross-sectional view of the valve body 1 and the driver 2 along the plane of the butterfly valve 8. The cover 5 of the driver, the control valve 6 installed on the cover, and the control button 7 on the control valve are not covered. Cut apart, we can also see the flange 4 connecting the driver and its cover, the butterfly valve 8, and the driver blade 9 in this figure. The picture on the right is the inner structure of the driver after removing the driver cover from the left view. The figure shows the valve body 1 and the flanges 3 at its two ends, and the "elastic capsules that can be filled with liquid to expand and deform" (hereinafter referred to as capsules) 11, 12 in the driver are fixed on the driver casing 2 without leakage. On the separating plate 10, the butterfly valve is connected with the driver blade 9 through a shaft. The picture on the right now shows that after the pressurized water flow obtained from the two trumpet-shaped outlets passes through the control valve, the high-pressure water enters the inside of the capsule 11 through the holes A and B on the capsule 11, while the low-pressure water ( More correctly speaking, it should be negative pressure water) then passes through holes C, B on the capsule 12 and flows in the downstream pipe behind the valve from the capsule 12 through the trumpet-shaped flow-taking port in the forward direction. Since the pressure in the capsule 11 is higher than the pressure in the capsule 12, and the cover 5 of the driver is fixed on the driver when it works, the blade 9 is subjected to the pressure to rotate counterclockwise until the "low energy consumption large flow valve" will The water source is shut off until the blade 9 is blocked by a stopper (not shown in the figure) in the valve body. This kind of driver is very similar to the double-acting swing cylinder in hydraulic and pneumatic. The difference is that the working area does not rely on precise sealing technology to separate the active area, but uses a capsule of "elastic bladder that can be filled with liquid and expands to deform". , which is mainly for the convenience of manufacture. If new material and new technology can be adopted, the sealing can be guaranteed and the working area can be reliably separated, the capsule can be completely omitted. For example, if this design is applied to the gate of water conservancy, it can be considered to do so.
上述的叶片关断阀门的过程是在阀体内有水流动时进行的,那么仅靠胶囊11中的压力水能否足以关断呢?从图2的左图中我们能够看到,叶片的对称中心轴处是有一根转轴,转轴被固定在阀体上,因此叶片只能绕轴转动而不能作其它任何运动。当“低能耗大流量阀”内有满管的管流在流动时,水流对以轴为分界的上、下两侧蝶形阀门8产生的对于转轴的转矩是正好相反的,下半侧的作用造成了蝶形阀门的关闭;上半侧的作用造成了蝶形阀门的开启,这两个力因为水的重力而稍有不同,但基本上接近平衡,因此在因胶囊引起的辅助的外力的帮助下,阀门的关闭是完全可以实现的。为了可靠些,我们让叶片的总受力面积不小于半个蝶形阀门的面积,因为我们还必须将机械效率造成的阻力也考虑进去。The process of the above-mentioned blade shutting off the valve is carried out when there is water flowing in the valve body, so can the pressure water in the capsule 11 alone be enough to shut it off? From the left picture of Figure 2, we can see that there is a rotating shaft at the central axis of symmetry of the blade, and the rotating shaft is fixed on the valve body, so the blade can only rotate around the shaft without any other movement. When there is a full pipe flowing in the "low energy consumption large flow valve", the torque generated by the water flow on the butterfly valve 8 on the upper and lower sides with the shaft as the boundary is just opposite to the rotating shaft. The action of the upper half causes the closing of the butterfly valve; the action of the upper half causes the opening of the butterfly valve. These two forces are slightly different due to the gravity of the water, but they are basically close to balance. Therefore, the auxiliary force caused by the capsule With the help of external force, the closing of the valve is completely achievable. In order to be more reliable, we make the total stress area of the blade not less than half the area of the butterfly valve, because we must also take into account the resistance caused by mechanical efficiency.
对于正处在关闭状态的“低能耗大流量阀”,我们要想开启它,只须按下控制阀6上的按钮7,胶囊11、12中接通的压力水源接口便发生切换,这时原先处于萎缩状态的胶囊12开始膨胀;而胶囊11则开始萎缩,蝶形阀门开始顺时针转动开启,水流开始在“低能耗大流量阀”中通过,这使得逆向安装的喇叭形取流口更进一步地获得了从动能转变过来的压能,因而蝶形阀门转动得更快。当蝶形阀门的平面与水流方向平行的时候,由于驱动器内挡板挡块的阻挡,使得阀门不能够再转动,于是“低能耗大流量阀”处在了全开启的状况中。For the "low energy consumption large flow valve" that is in the closed state, if we want to open it, we only need to press the button 7 on the control valve 6, and the pressure water source interface connected in the capsule 11, 12 will switch, at this time Capsule 12, which was originally in a shrinking state, began to expand; while capsule 11 began to shrink, the butterfly valve began to turn clockwise to open, and the water flow began to pass through the "low energy consumption and large flow valve", which made the trumpet-shaped flow inlet installed in the reverse direction more effective. The pressure energy converted from kinetic energy is further obtained, so the butterfly valve rotates faster. When the plane of the butterfly valve is parallel to the direction of water flow, the valve cannot rotate due to the blocking of the baffle block in the driver, so the "low energy consumption large flow valve" is in a fully open state.
控制阀内部的构造是什么样的呢?这对不同的“低能耗大流量阀”来说是不一样。即使是同一种“低能耗大流量阀”,设计也可以各不相同,只要能达到切换水流的方向就行。本例中的控制阀的内部构造如图3所示。图3是沿着图2中的按钮横向切开控制阀的示意图,图中显示控制阀的左右两个孔是通过一个组件连通并与图1中的顺流喇叭形取流口接管F相通的;而在控制阀的纵向右端有一个孔,图3中仅显示为一个圆,是与图1中的逆流喇叭形取流口接管E相通的。图3中还显示,控制阀被纵向分隔成三腔,在中腔有一个双稳态的杠杆机构,它的作用是在按动按钮以后,可令中腔与图3中的左腔相通,同时关闭了中腔与右腔的通道以及左腔与F口的通道,还开启了右腔与F接口连接的通道,就如图3现在所显示的这样。如果这之后我们按下另一个按钮,则上述的情形全部发生切换:中腔与图3中的右腔相通,同时关闭了中腔与左腔的通及右腔与F口的通道,还开启了左腔与F接口连接的通道。我们已经知道,这样的切换的结果,是造成图2中的胶囊11、12与图1中的E、F中的那一个相接,也就是阀门从关闭状态变成为开启的状态。What is the internal structure of the control valve? This is different for different "low energy consumption large flow valves". Even if it is the same "low energy consumption large flow valve", the design can be different, as long as it can switch the direction of water flow. The internal structure of the control valve in this example is shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of cutting the control valve horizontally along the button in Figure 2, which shows that the left and right holes of the control valve are connected through a component and communicate with the downstream trumpet-shaped flow port F in Figure 1 ; And there is a hole at the longitudinal right end of the control valve, which is only shown as a circle in Fig. 3, and is communicated with the counterflow trumpet-shaped flow-taking port E in Fig. 1. Figure 3 also shows that the control valve is longitudinally divided into three chambers, and there is a bistable lever mechanism in the middle chamber. Its function is to make the middle chamber communicate with the left chamber in Figure 3 after pressing the button. Closed the passage of middle chamber and right chamber and the passage of left chamber and F mouth simultaneously, also opened the passage that right chamber is connected with F interface, just like this as shown in Fig. 3 now. If we press another button afterwards, all the above situations will be switched: the middle chamber communicates with the right chamber in Figure 3, and simultaneously closes the connection between the middle chamber and the left chamber and the passage between the right chamber and the F port, and opens The channel that connects the left chamber with the F interface. We already know that the result of such switching is to cause the capsules 11, 12 in FIG. 2 to connect with the one of E and F in FIG. 1, that is, the valve changes from the closed state to the open state.
“低能耗大流量阀”也可以用于角阀,图4所示就是这样一种构造。显然可见的是这样的构造体积很大,因此经济上是否适当需要进一步探讨。图4中,阀体上的1、2是取得压力水源的位置,它们与手动换向阀的接口1、2相通。"Low energy consumption large flow valve" can also be used for angle valves, as shown in Figure 4 is such a structure. It is obvious that such a construction is very bulky, so whether it is economically appropriate needs to be further explored. Among Fig. 4, 1,2 on the valve body is the position that obtains pressure water source, and they communicate with the interface 1,2 of manual reversing valve.
以上都是用一个或多个能充液膨胀变形的弹性囊状体驱动机械构件带动的阀门来承担“低能耗大流量阀”启闭的例子,另外一种“低能耗大流量阀”是由能充液膨胀变形的弹性囊状体自身堵住或开通流口来启闭“低能耗大流量阀”的构造。图5所示就是这样一种“低能耗大流量阀”,它较适于小口径的“低能耗大流量阀”。The above are all examples of using one or more elastic capsules that can be filled with liquid to expand and deform to drive the valve driven by the mechanical component to undertake the opening and closing of the "low energy consumption and large flow valve". Another "low energy consumption and large flow valve" is made of The structure of the "low energy consumption and large flow valve" is opened and closed by the elastic bladder body that can be filled with liquid to expand and deform by itself blocking or opening the orifice. Shown in Fig. 5 is exactly such a kind of " low energy consumption large flow valve ", and it is more suitable for " low energy consumption large flow valve " of small diameter.
图5所示的“低能耗大流量阀”的构造及工作原理是这样的。在阀体的内部有两个胶囊,一个是夹层的桶形环状胶囊,叫外围胶囊,另一个是一头尖一头圆的柱状胶囊,叫中心胶囊,它被支持在两端的径向设置的支持幅条上,中心胶囊中的水也是通过这支持幅条输入或排出胶囊的。这种“低能耗大流量阀”的喇叭形取流口宜设在外围胶囊的上方内侧表面。图5中的右图是通流时的情况,此时胶囊中的水都已排尽。当我们按动控制阀的按钮(图中均未画出)后,从逆向喇叭形取流口取得的水开始流入胶囊,水先是流进外围胶囊的下半部。逐渐淹至中心胶囊和外围胶囊的上半部,这时的流道已变得很细,水流的流速也大起来,于是从喇叭形取流口获得的水压也更高,直至水流完全被膨胀的胶囊堵塞住为止。图5中的左图就是这种堵塞的断面状况。由于这种“低能耗大流量阀”中的胶囊内不是进水就是排水,因此这种“低能耗大流量阀”的方向控制阀的构造相对来说也就比较简单。为了防止胶囊在堵流时在水压力的作用下发生过大的变形并因受力不均而导致胶囊材料损坏,因此可在胶囊的内部设置一些牵拉筋以用来平衡胶囊材料的受力不均。The structure and working principle of the "low energy consumption large flow valve" shown in Fig. 5 are as follows. There are two capsules inside the valve body, one is a sandwiched barrel-shaped annular capsule, called the peripheral capsule, and the other is a cylindrical capsule with a pointed end and a round end, called the central capsule, which is supported by radial settings at both ends. On the spokes, the water in the central capsule also enters or exits the capsule through the support spokes. The trumpet-shaped flow intake of this "low energy consumption large flow valve" should be located on the upper inner surface of the peripheral capsule. The right picture in Figure 5 is the situation when the flow is through, and the water in the capsule has been drained at this time. After we pushed the button of the control valve (not shown in the figure), the water obtained from the reverse trumpet-shaped outlet began to flow into the capsule, and the water first flowed into the lower half of the peripheral capsule. Gradually submerged to the upper part of the central capsule and the peripheral capsule, at this time the flow channel has become very thin, the flow velocity of the water flow is also increased, so the water pressure obtained from the trumpet-shaped outlet is also higher, until the water flow is completely submerged until the inflated capsule becomes clogged. The left figure in Figure 5 is the cross-sectional situation of this blockage. Because the capsule in this "low energy consumption large flow valve" is either water inflow or drainage, the structure of the directional control valve of this "low energy consumption large flow valve" is relatively simple. In order to prevent the capsule from being deformed too much under the action of water pressure when the flow is blocked and the capsule material being damaged due to uneven force, some pulling ribs can be set inside the capsule to balance the force of the capsule material uneven.
利用本专利所说的取水装置取得的压力水填充用胶囊制作的充水水坝,可以堵截渠流或使原被堵截的水渠开通。图6所示的就是充水坝堵住及开通渠流时的情形。其中左图是水利灌渠被充水水坝堵流时的情形;右上图是充水水坝堵流时水坝段横剖面图;而右下图则是充水坝内的压力水被排尽时水坝段剖面图,这图中显示此时灌渠中的水能得以畅通。为了使从喇叭形取流口取得的水的水压力能高于水坝上游侧的水压力,而从喇叭形取流口取得的水的水压力还不可避免地要遭受到压力损失,因此对于充水水坝的取水口最好是设置在胶囊体靠近坝顶的位置,这可使得只要坝还未堵住水流,取水口将还继续取水,直至完全堵住为止。Utilize the pressure water obtained by the said water intake device of this patent to fill the water-filled dam made of capsules, which can block the canal flow or open the previously blocked water canal. Shown in Figure 6 is exactly the situation when the filling dam is blocked and the canal flow is opened. The left picture is the situation when the water conservancy irrigation canal is blocked by the water-filled dam; the upper right picture is the cross-sectional view of the dam section when the water-filled dam is blocked; the lower right picture is the section of the dam section when the pressure water in the water-filled dam is exhausted The picture shows that the water in the irrigation canal can be unblocked at this time. In order to make the water pressure of the water obtained from the trumpet-shaped water intake higher than the water pressure on the upstream side of the dam, and the water pressure of the water obtained from the trumpet-shaped water intake will inevitably suffer from pressure loss. The water intake of the water dam is preferably arranged at the position of the capsule near the dam crest, so that as long as the dam does not block the water flow, the water intake will continue to draw water until it is completely blocked.
能充液膨胀变形的弹性囊状体自身堵住或开通流口来启闭“低能耗大流量阀”的控制阀门内,为了防止囊中的水向外回流,必要时可以加设止回的单向阀,这里的单向阀的通流局部压力损失必须足够小。The elastic capsule body that can be filled with liquid to expand and deform itself blocks or opens the orifice to open and close the control valve of the "low energy consumption large flow valve". In order to prevent the water in the capsule from flowing back outward, a check valve can be added if necessary. One-way valve, the local pressure loss of the one-way valve must be small enough.
图7是另一种“低能耗大流量阀”,或称其为特大角向阀,因为它更适于设计成改变流向的角向阀,出于通用考虑,图7设计成了不改变流向的结构的形式。这也是一种能充液膨胀变形的弹性囊状体自身堵住或开通流口来启闭“低能耗大流量阀”。在图7中,阀体1中部渐变成矩形断面,内部设有斜置的通流栅栏6(如图7右侧A-A所示),栅栏下方设有正压截流口2和它的引流管3;负压截流口5和它的引流管4,两条管路7沿着栅栏底部送达双稳态的二位三通阀8,这种阀的胶囊9只有一个,它在阀门开启时因其内部固定有卷曲的钢丝而被卷曲在上边悬挂着,在需要开闭阀门时,正压截流口开始引流,使胶囊9渐渐充水,水的重量使胶囊渐渐展开,最后终因通流栅栏上下两侧的压差关断水流(如图7左下方所示)。为了降低阀门的局部损失,因此栅栏的通流面积应大于阀门对应的公称通流面积,在A-A视图中,用虚线画的园10所包括的面积是与栅栏的流通面积相等的,而阀门公称通径的通流面积则与用双点划线画的园11相等。Figure 7 is another "low energy consumption large flow valve", or it is called a super large angle valve, because it is more suitable for an angle valve designed to change the flow direction, for general considerations, Figure 7 is designed not to change the flow direction form of the structure. This is also a "low energy consumption large flow valve" that can be opened and closed by an elastic bladder that can be filled with liquid to expand and deform by itself blocking or opening the flow port. In Fig. 7, the middle part of the valve body 1 gradually becomes a rectangular cross-section, and an oblique flow fence 6 is arranged inside (as shown in A-A on the right side of Fig. 7), and a positive pressure shut-off port 2 and its drainage pipe are provided under the fence 3; Negative pressure shut-off port 5 and its drainage pipe 4, two pipelines 7 are sent to the bistable two-position three-way valve 8 along the bottom of the fence, and there is only one capsule 9 of this valve, which is opened when the valve is opened. Because there is a coiled steel wire fixed inside, it is curled and hung on the top. When the valve needs to be opened and closed, the positive pressure orifice starts to drain, so that the capsule 9 is gradually filled with water, and the weight of the water makes the capsule unfold gradually. The pressure difference between the upper and lower sides of the barrier shuts off the water flow (as shown in the lower left of Figure 7). In order to reduce the local loss of the valve, the flow area of the fence should be larger than the nominal flow area corresponding to the valve. In the A-A view, the area included in the dotted circle 10 is equal to the flow area of the fence, and the nominal flow area of the valve The flow-through area of path is then equated with the garden 11 that double-dashed line draws.
综上所述可知,“低能耗大流量阀”是一种利用管流中的流体能量进行关闭或开启的阀门,操作这种阀门的开关只需要极少的力量,因而它非常适于进行遥控。“低能耗大流量阀”很适用于农业灌溉及水利及自来水工程方面应用。To sum up, it can be seen that "low energy consumption and large flow valve" is a valve that uses the fluid energy in the pipe flow to close or open. The switch of this valve requires very little force, so it is very suitable for remote control. . "Low energy consumption large flow valve" is very suitable for agricultural irrigation and water conservancy and tap water engineering applications.
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AT506717A1 (en) * | 2008-05-02 | 2009-11-15 | Aquaconsult Anlagenbau Gmbh | DEVICE FOR REGISTERING GAS BLOCKS INTO A LIQUID |
CN102134844B (en) * | 2010-01-21 | 2014-10-29 | 孟顺利 | Automatic dredging and desilting system for rubber dam |
CN107449093A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-12-08 | 芜湖美的厨房电器制造有限公司 | Pressure balance device and there is its kitchen pressure balance system |
CN109241690B (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2023-01-03 | 扬州大学 | CFD-based sluice over-current flow calculation method |
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