CN100451239C - Surface structure for athletic fields - Google Patents
Surface structure for athletic fields Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100451239C CN100451239C CNB2004800266828A CN200480026682A CN100451239C CN 100451239 C CN100451239 C CN 100451239C CN B2004800266828 A CNB2004800266828 A CN B2004800266828A CN 200480026682 A CN200480026682 A CN 200480026682A CN 100451239 C CN100451239 C CN 100451239C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- hole
- supporting rod
- upper plate
- lower supporting
- described lower
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/02—Foundations, e.g. with drainage or heating arrangements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
A surface structure for athletic fields capable of performing a drainage function and a shock-absorbing function at the same time is disclosed. The surface structure for athletic fields includes an underdrain (100) to drain groundwater and penetrating water to a sewer, a freezing prevention layer (200) to prevent the athletic field from freezing during the winter season, and a pebbled subsurface layer (300) spread on the upper surface of the freezing prevention layer (200). The surface structure further includes a shock-absorbing and drainage layer (400) placed on the upper surface of the subsurface layer (300) to drain rainwater and irrigation water and perform a shock-absorbing function to protect players.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates in general to the surface texture that is used for sports ground, more specifically, relates to the surface texture that has drain function and have the sports ground of shock-absorbing function simultaneously again.
Background technology
In recent years, because the recent trend of for example reducing labour hour, increasing people participates in the social sports campaign, causes for example increase of the sports ground quantity of Association football, baseball, tennis, vollyball, Jokgu etc. of multiple sports.
The sports ground of sports must be equipped with such surface, and these surfaces can draining, as rainwater or irrigation water, and can damping, prevent that thus the field player is injured.And the growth for the artificial grass (weather proof surfacing) that adapts to sports ground uses requires these surfaces to have the draining and the shock-absorbing function of raising.
Fig. 1 shows the conventional surface structure that is used for sports ground.
As shown in Figure 1, the conventional surface structure that is used for sports ground comprise be used for underground water and the surface water be discharged to sewer covered conduit 10, be used to prevent the frostproof course 20 that sports ground freezes in the winter time and be layered on being used on the frostproof course 20 support the inferior top layer 30 of the shop of permeable layer 40 above it and elastic layer 50 with cobble.Can ooze the permeable layer 40 that concrete maybe can ooze bituminous concrete (ascon) and be layered on above time top layer 30, flow downward, and the elastic layer 50 of rubbery chip (grain) is layered on above the permeable layer 40 and avoids shaking with the protection sportsman so that penetrate the surface water of surface texture.
Be used for the conventional surface structure of sports ground, spread and to ooze concrete and maybe can ooze bituminous concrete to be formed for the permeable layer of draining, and on permeable layer, spread sheet rubber to form elastic layer, water is included in the hole (or hole) of the elastic layer made from sheet rubber.Water in the elastic layer hole can freeze in the winter time, therefore can significantly reduce the damping capacity of elastic layer.
And in the time can oozing concrete and maybe can ooze the water that contains in the permeable layer hole of bituminous concrete and freeze in the winter time, thereby the volume of permeable layer can increase the freezing damage (freezing damage) that causes that the durability that causes permeable layer reduces.
In addition, as time passes, the two hole of elastic layer and permeable layer can for example be stopped up with the dust that water is brought into by foreign material, makes the drainability of elastic layer and permeable layer reduce.
Especially, the conventional surface structure that is used for sports ground causes too much construction cost and requirement, and not should the overlength construction period.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the present invention produces considering that prior art exists under the situation of the problems referred to above, and the purpose of this invention is to provide the surface texture that is used for sports ground, and this surface texture has drain function and has shock-absorbing function simultaneously again.
To achieve these goals; the invention provides the surface texture that is used for sports ground; this surface texture comprise be used for underground water and down infiltration enter sewer covered conduit, be used to prevent the frostproof course that sports ground freezes in the winter time and be layered on shop above the frostproof course with the inferior top layer of cobble; this surface texture also comprises: place damping and drainage blanket on the upper surface on time top layer, thereby so that discharge rainwater and irrigation water and play cushioning effect protection sportsman.
Description of drawings
The present invention above-mentioned with other purpose, feature and other advantages, can become more apparent by the following detailed description that combines with accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the structure sectional view that is used for the conventional surface structure of sports ground;
Fig. 2 is the structure sectional view that is used for the surface texture of sports ground according to of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is included in the damping in the surface texture shown in Figure 2 and the decomposition diagram of drainage blanket;
Fig. 4 A is the damping among Fig. 3 and the sectional view of drainage blanket before the combination of upper plate and lower shoe; And
Fig. 4 B is the damping among Fig. 3 and the sectional view of drainage blanket after the combination of upper plate and lower shoe.
The specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings, the surface texture that is used for sports ground is according to the preferred embodiment of the invention described.
Fig. 2 is the structure sectional view that is used for the surface texture of sports ground according to of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 2, the surface texture that is used for sports ground according to the present invention comprise be used for underground water and down infiltration be drained into sewer covered conduit 100, be used to prevent the frostproof course 200 that sports ground freezes in the winter time and be layered on the inferior top layer 300 of the shop of frostproof course 200 upper surfaces with cobble.This surface texture also comprises and places the shop with damping and drainage blanket 400 on inferior top layer 300 upper surfaces of cobble, thereby so that discharges rainwater and irrigation water and play cushioning effect protection sportsman.
At the surface texture that is used for sports ground according to the present invention, damping and drainage blanket 400 comprise lower shoe 400-1, and this lower shoe places on the upper surface on time top layer 300, is used to discharge rainwater and irrigation water, as shown in Figure 3.The upper surface of lower shoe 400-1 is provided with a plurality of lower supporting rod 400-5 and separates at interval with rule, lower supporting rod 400-5 has the hole 400-3 of predetermined length, hole 400-3 is that the center by (or passing) each lower supporting rod 400-5 forms, and is used for holding therein shock absorber part 400-7.The shock absorber part 400-7 that is contained among the hole 400-3 of each lower supporting rod 400-5 plays cushioning effect, so that when the sportsman exerts pressure to upper plate 400-11, prevent player injuries.A plurality of ribs 400-9 that descend longitudinally with predetermined length project upwards on the upper surface of lower shoe 400-1, its position is between lower supporting rod 400-5, support lower shoe 400-1 and guiding water thus, thereby reach the purpose of draining from a plurality of drain hole 400-15 discharges of upper plate 400-11.Upper plate 400-11 places the top of lower shoe 400-1 upper surface to discharge rainwater and irrigation water.Thereby the upper surface that many gutter 400-13 with predetermined length are formed on upper plate 400-11 defines lattice, rainwater and irrigation water can be introduced drain hole 400-15 and is allowed draining successfully thus.Drain hole 400-15 is forming by (or passing) upper plate 400-11 on the position spaced with rule at interval along gutter 400-13, and the water with gutter 400-13 guiding is discharged to lower shoe 400-1 thus.The soffit of upper plate 400-11 is provided with a plurality of upper supporting column 400-17 and separates at interval with rule, upper supporting column 400-17 has the hole 400-21 (referring to Fig. 4 A) of predetermined length, hole 400-21 is that the center by (or passing) each upper supporting column 400-17 forms, and it is used for holding therein the lower supporting rod 400-5 that each contains shock absorber part 400-7.Damping and drainage blanket 400 also comprise a plurality of ribs 400-19 that go up longitudinally, these are gone up that ribs 400-19 has predetermined length longitudinally and are outstanding downwards on the soffit of upper plate 400-11 and the position between upper supporting column 400-17, thereby support upper plate 400-11.
In surface texture, the shock absorber part 400-7 that is contained among the hole 400-3 of lower supporting rod 400-5 has different height.
And the internal diameter of the hole 400-21 of each upper supporting column 400-17 is bigger than the external diameter of each lower supporting rod 400-5, so that lower supporting rod 400-5 can successfully insert among the hole 400-21 of upper supporting column 400-17.
Lower shoe 400-1 and upper plate 400-11 preferably make with plastic material.
The surface texture that is used for sports ground that has according to above-mentioned structure of the present invention is built in sports ground as described below.
At first, in ground, form a plurality of covered conduits 100 on the position spaced at interval, thereafter, spread frostproof course 200 on the ground with rule.
Then, the inferior top layer 300 of shop with cobble is set on the upper surface of frostproof course 200.
After the inferior top layer 300 of shop with cobble is set, damping and drainage blanket 400 are placed on the upper surface of shop with the inferior top layer 300 of cobble, be used to discharge rainwater and irrigation water, thereby and play cushioning effect and protect the sportsman.
Especially, the method that damping and drainage blanket 400 be set on the inferior top layer 300 of shop with cobble will describe in detail below.
At first, the lower shoe 400-1 that will have the damping of lower supporting rod 400-5 and a drainage blanket 400 places on the upper surface as the inferior top layer 300 of grafting material.
Then, shock absorber part 400-7 is inserted among the hole 400-3 of lower supporting rod 400-5.
In this example, shock absorber part 400-7 comprises two kinds of shock absorber parts with differing heights, and these shock absorber parts alternately are arranged on the lower shoe 400-1 and are contained in simultaneously among the 400-3 of hole.
Then, upper plate 400-11 is placed on the lower shoe 400-1.
In this example, shown in Fig. 4 A, will aim at the lower supporting rod 400-5 that on the upper surface of lower shoe 400-1, forms at the upper supporting column 400-17 that forms on the soffit of upper plate 400-11.
When pressing base plate 400-11 downwards, the lower supporting rod 400-5 with shock absorber part 400-7 inserts among the hole 400-21 of upper supporting column 400-17, shown in Fig. 4 B.
In the present invention, the external diameter of each lower supporting rod 400-5 is designed to slightly littler than the internal diameter of the hole 400-21 of each upper supporting column 400-17.Therefore, lower supporting rod 400-5 can successfully insert among the hole 400-21 of upper supporting column 400-17, and keeps the assembled state of lower supporting rod 400-5 and upper supporting column 400-17 and need not consider to be changed by atmospheric temperature thermal expansion and the contraction of caused post 400-5 and 400-17.
Therefore, the shock absorber part 400-7 with high height contacts with the soffit of upper plate 400-11, and the shock absorber part 400-7 with lower height does not contact with the soffit of upper plate 400-11.
Below description is placed the work effect of shop with damping on the inferior top layer of cobble and drainage blanket.
When rainwater or irrigation water dropped onto upper plate 400-11 and go up, water flowed into drain hole 400-15 through gutter 400-13.
In this example, because the gutter 400-13 that forms is lattice, so improved the drainage effect of damping and drainage blanket 400.
Drain hole 400-15 is discharged to lower shoe 400-1 with water.
The water following ribs 400-9 flow direction along the longitudinal that is discharged to lower shoe 400-1 is placed on inferior top layer 300 and the frostproof course 200 under the lower shoe 400-1 in proper order.Then, water is discharged to sewer through covered conduit 100.
Simultaneously, when the sportsman fell down on upper plate 400-11 in motion on the sports ground because of carelessness, upper plate 400-11 will exert pressure to lower shoe 400-1.
Like this, when extruding shock absorber part 400-7, the lower supporting rod 400-5 with lower shoe 400-1 of shock absorber part 400-7 will further insert among the hole 400-21 of upper supporting column 400-17 of upper plate 400-11.
Therefore, the impact (impact) that may be produced by 400 couples of sportsmen of damping and drainage blanket can disperse and cushions by shock absorber part 400-7.
And, be among the hole 400-3 that alternately is arranged on the lower shoe 400-1 owing to have the shock absorber part 400-7 of differing heights, so shock absorber part 400-7 just can be with mode shock absorbing power progressively.
Commercial Application
As mentioned above, the invention provides the surface texture that is used for sports ground, this surface texture has desirable elasticity and permeability, thereby has shock-absorbing function and have drain function simultaneously again.
And the damping operation that is used for the surface texture of sports ground is to carry out in mode progressively, so that this surface texture can prevent player injuries.
In addition, because damping and drainage blanket are to make with hard plastic material, so have desirable durability and desirable load capacity.
Though, disclosed the preferred embodiments of the present invention for purpose of explanation, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art, under the condition of the spirit and scope that do not break away from claim of the present invention, can make various modifications, replenish and replace.
Claims (3)
1. surface texture that is used for sports ground, it comprise be used for underground water and down infiltration be drained into the covered conduit of sewer, shop on the upper surface that is used to prevent the frostproof course that described sports ground freezes in the winter time and be layered on described frostproof course with the inferior top layer of cobble, described surface texture further comprises:
Place damping and drainage blanket on the upper surface on described top layer, thereby described damping and drainage blanket are used for discharging rainwater and irrigation water and play cushioning effect protection sportsman,
Wherein, described damping and drainage blanket comprise:
Lower shoe places on the upper surface on described top layer, is used to discharge rainwater and irrigation water;
A plurality of lower supporting rods are arranged on the upper surface of described lower shoe, and described lower supporting rod separates and have the hole of predetermined length at interval with rule, and described hole forms by the center of each described lower supporting rod, is used for holding therein shock absorber part;
Described shock absorber part is contained in the hole of each described lower supporting rod, plays cushioning effect, prevents player injuries with convenient sportsman when upper plate is exerted pressure;
A plurality of ribs that descend longitudinally, the described ribs that descends longitudinally has predetermined length, and project upwards on the upper surface of described lower shoe and the position between described lower supporting rod, support water that described lower shoe and guiding flow out from a plurality of drain holes of described upper plate like this so that draining;
Described upper plate places above the upper surface of described lower shoe, is used for discharging rainwater and irrigation water;
A plurality of gutters with predetermined length, described gutter are formed on the upper surface of described upper plate limiting lattice, allow smooth draining thereby thus rainwater and irrigation water are introduced described drain hole;
Described drain hole is forming by described upper plate on the position spaced with rule at interval along described gutter, like this water by described gutter guiding is discharged to described lower shoe;
A plurality of upper supporting columns, be arranged on the soffit of described upper plate, described upper supporting column separates and has the hole of predetermined length at interval with rule, and described hole forms by the center of each described upper supporting column, so that hold the described lower supporting rod that each contains described shock absorber part therein; And
A plurality of ribs of going up longitudinally, the described ribs of going up longitudinally has predetermined length, and outstanding downwards on the soffit of described upper plate and the position between described upper supporting column, supports described upper plate thus.
2. the surface texture that is used for sports ground according to claim 1, wherein, the described shock absorber part that is contained in the hole of described lower supporting rod has different height.
3. the surface texture that is used for sports ground according to claim 1, wherein, the internal diameter in the hole of each described upper supporting column is bigger than the external diameter of each described lower supporting rod, so that described lower supporting rod can insert in the hole of described upper supporting column.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020030064489 | 2003-09-17 | ||
| KR1020030064489A KR100578039B1 (en) | 2003-09-17 | 2003-09-17 | Shock-absorbing underground drainage material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1853016A CN1853016A (en) | 2006-10-25 |
| CN100451239C true CN100451239C (en) | 2009-01-14 |
Family
ID=36686723
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004800266828A Expired - Fee Related CN100451239C (en) | 2003-09-17 | 2004-08-17 | Surface structure for athletic fields |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20070116521A1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100578039B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100451239C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE112004001688T5 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005026442A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7758281B2 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2010-07-20 | General Sports Venue Llc | Synthetic sports turf having improved playability and wearability |
| EP1842963A1 (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-10 | XL Work AG | Turf with artificial grass surface, underlayer and foundation |
| NL1032878C2 (en) * | 2006-11-16 | 2008-05-19 | Desso Dlw Sport Systems N V | Substructure for an artificial grass field. |
| KR100893363B1 (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2009-04-17 | 주식회사 세주 | Draining structure of artificial turf and Draining method of the same |
| KR100869292B1 (en) * | 2007-06-07 | 2008-11-18 | 시공그린텍(주) | A synthetic grass structure for using a drain plate of a porous stone and a method for providing the synthetic grass structure |
| US7993729B2 (en) * | 2008-10-27 | 2011-08-09 | Ronald Wise | Substrate for artificial turf |
| KR100883395B1 (en) * | 2008-12-01 | 2009-02-11 | 오리코스포텍(주) | Basilar layer with elasticity for playground |
| GB2467924A (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2010-08-25 | Mark R Jones | Drainage and irrigation system |
| KR101031997B1 (en) | 2009-03-10 | 2011-04-29 | 주식회사 베노 | Artificial grass laying method and structure on waisted grass |
| KR101118142B1 (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2012-03-13 | 주식회사 베노 | Elastic layer structure for Artificial grass |
| KR100975984B1 (en) | 2010-02-17 | 2010-08-13 | (주)필드테크 | Assemble type of field flooring and fabricating method the same |
| CN103124585B (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2015-09-02 | 卡皮拉里康科莱特公司 | For building method and the mixture of motor area |
| KR101034990B1 (en) | 2010-10-13 | 2011-05-16 | 우림건설 주식회사 | Elastic pavement structure and the paving method thereof |
| DE102011052311A1 (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-01-31 | ENREGIS GmbH | structural element |
| CN103924497A (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2014-07-16 | 大连德合东马市政工程有限公司 | Football field with permeable, water-holding and fertilizer-retaining granular structured soil |
| US10798892B2 (en) | 2015-10-02 | 2020-10-13 | Capillary Concrete, Llc | Aerification system |
| US10219448B2 (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2019-03-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Autonomous mobile platform and variable rate irrigation method for preventing frost damage |
| KR20160015346A (en) | 2016-01-22 | 2016-02-12 | (주)하이콘코리아 | Method of Producing Substitute for Ground Material of Base Course from Waste Adsorbents |
| KR102121100B1 (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2020-06-09 | 전명자 | Drainage blocks for artificial turf |
| KR20180100500A (en) | 2018-07-30 | 2018-09-11 | (주)하이콘코리아 | Method of Producing Substitute for Ground Material of Base Course from Waste Adsorbents |
| KR20190099179A (en) | 2019-08-16 | 2019-08-26 | (주)하이콘코리아 | Method of Producing Substitute for Ground Material of Base Course from Waste Adsorbents |
| KR102282254B1 (en) | 2019-08-16 | 2021-07-27 | (주)하이콘코리아 | Method of Producing Substitute for Ground Material of Base Course from Waste Adsorbents |
| US11746476B2 (en) | 2019-11-25 | 2023-09-05 | Capillary Concrete, Llc | Subsurface irrigation system for a sports field |
| JP7482387B2 (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2024-05-14 | 学校法人金沢工業大学 | Greening foundation and concrete pouring method |
| CN111194681B (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-09-14 | 宁夏多源鑫科技有限公司 | Anti-frost-heaving high-elasticity underground irrigator |
| GB2621809A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2024-02-28 | Ardern Fergus | An improved constructional panel |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN85109207A (en) * | 1984-12-17 | 1986-07-30 | 孟山都公司 | The artificial turf playing field of quick draining |
| KR880009167A (en) * | 1987-01-27 | 1988-09-14 | 박인구 | Playground drainage |
| WO1990014137A1 (en) * | 1988-01-15 | 1990-11-29 | Koller Gregory V | Portable cushioned floor system |
| WO1991017312A1 (en) * | 1988-12-05 | 1991-11-14 | Astroturf Industries, Inc. | Drainable artificial turf assembly |
| WO1994004755A1 (en) * | 1992-08-18 | 1994-03-03 | Bowers, Jacqueline, Mary | Recreational surface |
| CN1271042A (en) * | 1999-04-19 | 2000-10-25 | 张仲新 | Multi-purpose sports ground with artificial turf |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60100406U (en) * | 1983-12-14 | 1985-07-09 | 西武建設株式会社 | artificial grass |
| US4565039A (en) * | 1984-03-07 | 1986-01-21 | Ohbayashi-Gumi, Ltd. | Floor structure for reducing vibration |
| US6263616B1 (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2001-07-24 | J. Robert Hummer | Modular grass turf tile system and tray |
| US6221445B1 (en) * | 1999-07-20 | 2001-04-24 | U.S. Greentech, Inc. | Composite artificial turf structure with shock absorption and drainage |
-
2003
- 2003-09-17 KR KR1020030064489A patent/KR100578039B1/en active IP Right Grant
-
2004
- 2004-08-17 DE DE112004001688T patent/DE112004001688T5/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-08-17 CN CNB2004800266828A patent/CN100451239C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-17 US US10/571,800 patent/US20070116521A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-08-17 WO PCT/KR2004/002053 patent/WO2005026442A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN85109207A (en) * | 1984-12-17 | 1986-07-30 | 孟山都公司 | The artificial turf playing field of quick draining |
| KR880009167A (en) * | 1987-01-27 | 1988-09-14 | 박인구 | Playground drainage |
| WO1990014137A1 (en) * | 1988-01-15 | 1990-11-29 | Koller Gregory V | Portable cushioned floor system |
| WO1991017312A1 (en) * | 1988-12-05 | 1991-11-14 | Astroturf Industries, Inc. | Drainable artificial turf assembly |
| WO1994004755A1 (en) * | 1992-08-18 | 1994-03-03 | Bowers, Jacqueline, Mary | Recreational surface |
| CN1271042A (en) * | 1999-04-19 | 2000-10-25 | 张仲新 | Multi-purpose sports ground with artificial turf |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR100578039B1 (en) | 2006-05-12 |
| WO2005026442A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
| CN1853016A (en) | 2006-10-25 |
| DE112004001688T5 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
| KR20050028148A (en) | 2005-03-22 |
| US20070116521A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
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