CN100448291C - 改变接收的流式内容信道的方法和装置 - Google Patents

改变接收的流式内容信道的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN100448291C
CN100448291C CNB021316546A CN02131654A CN100448291C CN 100448291 C CN100448291 C CN 100448291C CN B021316546 A CNB021316546 A CN B021316546A CN 02131654 A CN02131654 A CN 02131654A CN 100448291 C CN100448291 C CN 100448291C
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speed
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托马斯·A·斯泰尔
约翰·W·理查德森
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InterDigital CE Patent Holdings SAS
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Abstract

这里披露了一种装置及其方法，其中，缓冲器接收承载内容信道信号的第一内容流(201)。为了缓冲器最初的装载，第一内容流(201)以充分高于流式内容重放速率的速率承载内容信道信号。缓冲器从第一内容流(201)到第二内容流(202)切换对内容信道信号的接受。第二内容流(202)的速率与流式内容重放速率非常相同。一般地，当缓冲内容信道信号的某预定门限时，会发生这种切换。

Description

改变接收的流式内容信道的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及流式(streaming)内容的下载。
背景技术
当今，业内存在一些基于数字用户线(DSL)连接，从头端(Head End)(HE)到机顶盒(STB)的用于承载数字视频的建议方法。在多数情况下，数字视频是诸如运动图像专家组(MPEG)2或MPEG 4的压缩数字视频形式。为有效地将视频配送到网络的边缘，许多此类系统在HE设备中使用视频多点传送。此类系统的一个严重的限制是，DSL链路的带宽只够同时处理一到两路视频流(节目)。
由于带宽的限制，此类系统遇到的一个问题是抖动。抖动是数字信号的位到达时间的偏移或错位。造成抖动的主要原因包括：网络交换机中的队列和要求后续转播的数据包冲突，和其他原因。抖动也可能是由于异步传输模式(ATM)交换或互连网协议(IP)路由的结果而加入到视频流的。甚至，也可能是在住宅内通过，例如以太网，从DSL调制解调器向STB配送视频时，抖动作为加入到视频流的结果而产生的。
用于校正抖动的建议方法包括，例如，在STB的解码器前端使用大的去抖动缓冲器。然而，去抖动缓冲器给信号增加了显著的和不合需要的时间延迟。例如，对于设计成能容纳五秒视频的去抖动缓冲器，则从STB接收到视频的时刻到视频被显示的时刻，将会有五秒种的延迟。
缓冲会产生另外的问题。例如，如果用户改变了信道，并且，系统仅仅连接STB到实时视频流，那么，在图像显示前，用户不得不等待五秒种以装满缓冲器。这将有背于许多人所期待的信道切换经验。例如，许多人喜欢在选定某个节目之前，先在各频道间“浏览”一番，以查看多个特定电视频道的内容。每选择一次新频道都要延迟很长时间，这与从所提供的各种信道之间迅速浏览的能力是不一致的，从而，那些观众将发现这种延迟特别令人烦恼。
发明内容
因此，本发明是一种用于提供去抖动流式内容同时提供基本上瞬时的信道改变经历的系统和方法。根据本发明的原理，缓冲器接收承载内容信道信号的第一内容流。第一内容流以充分高于流式内容重放速率的速率承载内容信道信号。缓冲器从第一内容流到第二内容流切换对内容信道信号的接收。第二内容流的速率与流式内容重放速率基本上相同。一般地，当缓冲内容信道信号的某预定门限时，会发生这种切换。
附图说明
下面，本发明将参照附图进行详细的描述：
图1是说明根据本发明原理的能够传送DSL视频的网络；
图2示出了根据本发明原理的频道改变机制的流程图；和
图3示出了根据本发明原理的在初始观看时从源缓冲器到去抖动缓冲器的数据传输。
具体实施方式
当新频道被选择之后，在初始期间，本发明以充分高于显示速率的速率传送视频数据到STB。在这个初始期间，STB缓冲器被装载到期望的水平。一旦装载STB缓冲器，视频连接可以切换到视频多点传送连接，其中，STB视频解码器以与视频显示速率实质相同的速率从STB缓冲器接收缓冲的视频。而且，尽管是按照视频描述的，本发明的构思和原理适用于任何形式的流式数字的，无论是视频、音频、数据、还是其某种结合。
可以理解，本发明可以用各种硬件、软件、固件、特殊目的处理器、或某种结合来实现。也可以理解，本发明可以用作为程序存储设备上切实地包含的一段应用程序的软件来实现。该应用程序可以由包含任何合适结构的机器装载和执行。在一个举例性的实施例中，基于计算机平台而实现的机器所具有的硬件包括：诸如一个或多个中央处理单元(CPU)、随机访问存储器(RAM)，和输入/输出(I/O)接口。该计算机平台还包括操作系统和微指令代码。此处描述的各种处理过程和功能可能是通过操作系统执行的微指令代码一部分或应用程序的一部分(或其某种结合)。另外，各种其它外围设备可以连接到计算机平台，如附加的数据存储设备和打印设备。
还可以理解，因为说明书和附图中描述的一些子系统组件和方法步骤可以用软件实现，遵照本发明被规划的方式，系统组件(或处理过程步骤)之间的实际连接可能不同。根据在此所提供的本发明的原理，本领域专业技术人员可以理解本发明的这些和类似的实现或配置。
根据本发明的实施例，在频繁发生严重抖动的系统中，例如在跨越因特网的配送中，可以在解码器前端提供大的去抖动缓冲器，通过增加可获得的缓冲的视频的量而减少抖动的发生和严重性。
另外，本发明可适用于跨因特网从视频服务器配送视频的任何系统。最终配送可以通过DSL、拨号、电缆调制解调器、综合业务数字网(ISDN)、或任何连接到因特网的装置。本发明也适用于使用多点传送信号的系统或网络，用于有效分配或简单复制该流并分别发送各个流。
参照图1，在所示的用于传送DSL视频的网络的说明性例子中，包括：视频服务器101、ATM交换机102、服务控制处理器(SCP)103，和其他的设备。该网络包括DSL接入多路复用器(DSLAM)104，用于将多个DSL用户连接到网络。DSLAM 104与ATM交换机102相连。DSLAM 104将信号多路分解，并将其发送到适当的各个DSL连接。该网络还包括：DSL终结器105、路由器106、客户端接设备(CPE)107、STB 108。视频服务器101包括用于可能被选择的每个视频频道的缓冲器。这些缓冲器的尺寸可以设计成能够处理在STB 108上显示的最坏的抖动情况，包括由于通过ATM配送产生的抖动和由于在如以太网的局域网中配送产生的抖动。
根据所使用的配送频道，抖动的范围可以从几毫秒到几秒。在STB 108与HE设备109之间存在一个用于频道改变命令的通信频道。当客户使用接通频道或改变频道时，将从STB 108向HE 109发送一条命令。SCP 103在视频服务器101和STB 108之间建立一个连接。视频服务器101以比普通视频观看速率(如：每秒30帧)实质上更高的速率(如：倍速)从HE缓冲器向STB缓冲器108提供视频。
在本发明的一个举例性实施例中，在短暂时间内，就可以建立逻辑上作为点到点连接的连接。与此同时其它STB不会接受同样较高速的流。该STB接收此较高速视频流，并立刻开始显示该流。然而，却以正常观看速度显示视频。这样，视频到达STB的速率比被显示或消耗的速率快。因此，STB前端的去抖动缓冲器就装载有视频。一旦STB缓冲器装满到期望的水平，SCP就把视频源切换到一个或多个STB可以共享的视频流(如：多点传送)。
参考用于实况广播的图2，HE上的缓冲器至少应和STB中用于去抖动的缓冲器一样大。例如，对于五秒钟的STB去抖动缓冲器，HE缓冲器将存储五秒钟或更多的视频。当用户改变频道时，HE将以比用于普通观看的视频速率202、如：每秒30帧高的速率201、如：每秒60帧，从HE缓冲器提供延迟的视频。
在本发明的一个举例性的实施例中，HE缓冲器是循环缓冲器或保持一定信息水平的队列。HE的发送器将仅从缓冲器中渐进更迟的时间抽取数据。缓冲器总是保持充满状态，因此，通过从缓冲器中不同时间抽取数据，可以同时处理多个客户。数据从缓冲器传送的速率是单倍速(1X)，尽管数据发送到STB缓冲器是以更高的速率，如三倍速(3X)。然而，站在STB的角度看，HE缓冲器看上去是空的。
由于视频是以正常速率显示的，而流是以更高速率到达的，解码器前端的去抖动缓冲器将填满到期望的水平。根据该例，一旦这缓冲器装满五秒钟的视频，HE就停止以较高速率发送视频到STB，而开始以正常观看速率发送视频。这可以发生在一对一的关系，但也可以发生在通过仅仅将STB的输入切换到多点传送或广播视频流的情况。多点传送流是实时发送的。在初始阶段，那五秒钟延迟是由于要从HE缓冲器发送出五秒钟的旧数据。切换到多点传送之后，所有的延迟是由于在STB缓冲器中存有五秒钟的视频。
可以从HE控制从HE缓冲的信号到视频流的切换，因为，HE知道在什么时候，STB已经接收到来自HE延迟缓冲器的所有的延迟视频，仅剩的待发送的视频是被用于填满延迟缓冲器的实时视频。
参考图3，在短时间的频道改变期301-303，数据从HE缓冲器304-307发送到STB缓冲器308-311，直到在切换到缓冲的广播流312之前，建立期望的延迟。应知道，该方法可适用于实时广播，如：体育节目、电影、或任意其它类型的视频节目。
也有可能，在第二次改变后的初始的若干时刻，一些视频数据可能会稍后到达。但是，与绝大多数视频数据包有关的数据包延迟比最大延迟要小，所以，这将不能认为是令人讨厌的。另外，当解码缓冲器装满时，遭遇数据包延迟的可能性将降低。
已经描述了用于对DSL视频配送系统连接去抖动的系统和方法的实施例，应当清楚，根据上述原理，本领域专业技术人员可以进行修改和变化。因此，应该明白，在所附权利要求中所定义的本发明的范围和实质之内，所披露的本发明的具体实施例中可以进行改变。已经用专利法所要求的细节和特性如此描述了本发明，在所附权利要求中提出了对本发明的专利权保护的请求。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于传送数字信号的方法，其特征在于包括下列步骤：
在缓冲器中，以实质上高于流式内容显示速率的速率，接收承载内容信道信号的第一连接上的第一内容流(201)；和
从第一内容流切换到承载内容信道信号的第二连接上的第二内容流，其中，第二内容流实质上以所述显示速率传送到缓冲器(202)；
其中所述切换步骤包括：在切换前确定所述缓冲器含有预定量的信道内容数据，该预定量的信道内容数据对应于用于在重放所述内容信道信号期间克服抖动的数据量。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：内容信道信号包括流式视频。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：内容信道信号包括流式音频数据。
4.如权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：从第一内容流到第二内容流的切换步骤还包括：
切换前，确定缓冲器是充分满的。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述第一连接是点到点连接。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述第二连接是从由多点传送、广播、和异步传输模式一点对多点等组成的组中选择。
7.如权利要求1到6之一所述的方法，其中所述内容信号代表实时广播。
8.一种用于传送数字信号的装置，其特征在于包括：
用于在缓冲器中以实质上高于流式内容显示速率的速率，接收承载内容信道信号的第一连接上的第一内容流的装置；和
用于从第一内容流切换到承载内容信道信号的第二连接上的第二内容流的装置，其中，第二内容流实质上以所述显示速率传送到缓冲器；
其中所述切换装置包括：在切换前确定缓冲器含有预定量的信道内容数据的装置，该预定量的信道内容数据对应于用于在重放所述内容信道信号期间克服抖动的数据量。
9.一种用于从第一数字视频信道改变到第二数字视频信道的方法，其特征在于包括下列步骤：
接收信道改变命令；
以高于显示速率的速率，将承载第二数字视频信道的第一连接上的第一视频流，从第一缓冲器传送到至少一个第二缓冲器(201)；
一旦接收到第二数字视频信道，则从第一数字视频信道改变到第二数字视频信道；和
从第一视频流切换到承载第二数字视频信道的第二连接上的第二视频流，其中，第二视频流实质上以所述显示速率传送到第二缓冲器(202)。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于：第一和第二视频流包括数字用户线信号。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于：从第一视频流切换到第二视频流的步骤还包括：切换前，确定第二缓冲器已装载到期望水平。
12.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于还包括步骤：实质上以显示速率，用第一视频流装载第一缓冲器。
13.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于：所述第一连接是第一缓冲器和第二缓冲器之间的一对一连接。
14.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于：所述第二连接是多点传送、广播、和异步传输模式一点对多点等其中的一种。
15.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于：数字视频信道通过数字用户线、电缆调制解调器和综合业务数字网等之一而被配送到第二缓冲器。
16.如权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述第一连接是点到点连接。
17.如权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述内容信号代表实时广播。
18.如权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述切换步骤包括在切换前，确定所述缓冲器含有预定量的信道内容数据，该预定量的信道内容数据对应于用于在重放所述内容信道信号期间克服抖动的数据量。
19.一种用于从第一数字视频信道改变到第二数字视频信道的设备，其特征在于包括：
用于接收信道改变命令的装置；
用于以高于显示速率的速率，将承载第二数字视频信道的第一连接上的第一视频流，从第一缓冲器传送到至少一个第二缓冲器的装置；
一旦接收到第二数字视频信道，则从第一数字视频信道改变到第二数字视频信道的装置；和
从第一视频流切换到承载第二数字视频信道的第二连接上的第二视频流的装置，其中第二视频流实质上以所述显示速率传送到第二缓冲器。
20.如权利要求19所述的设备，其中所述切换装置包括用于在切换前确定所述缓冲器含有预定量的信道内容数据的装置，该预定量的信道内容数据对应于用于在重放所述内容信道信号期间克服抖动的数据量。
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