CN100439532C - Apparatus using corrosion/abrasion resistant alloy for coating metal surface - Google Patents

Apparatus using corrosion/abrasion resistant alloy for coating metal surface Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100439532C
CN100439532C CNB2004800281654A CN200480028165A CN100439532C CN 100439532 C CN100439532 C CN 100439532C CN B2004800281654 A CNB2004800281654 A CN B2004800281654A CN 200480028165 A CN200480028165 A CN 200480028165A CN 100439532 C CN100439532 C CN 100439532C
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coating
corrosion
less
base alloy
alloy
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CN1860244A (en
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杉山宪一
川村聪
中浜修平
长坂浩志
高山博和
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Ebara Corp
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Ebara Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
    • C22C19/052—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 40%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
    • C22C19/053—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 30% but less than 40%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
    • C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C22C27/06—Alloys based on chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
    • F04D29/026—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/304—Ni as the principal constituent with Cr as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/90—Coating; Surface treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/95—Preventing corrosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/95—Preventing corrosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
    • F05D2300/17—Alloys
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Abstract

The apparatus can be suitably used in an environment, which requires corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance. The apparatus has a member, and at least a part of the member is made of a Ni-Cr-Mo-V-C based alloy. The alloy essentially consists of, by weight: 23~50% Cr; 7~20% V; C not less than 1.6% and not more than (0.236V%+2)%; Mo not more than 40% and not less than any of (11-0.1*Cr%) and (125-4*Cr%)%; and the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities. The total amount of Cr, V, and Mo is not more than 90%.

Description

Use the device of anticorrosive/abradability alloy as coated metal surfaces
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for as the device of corrosive atmospheres such as seawater, pharmaceutical chemicals or the member of equipment.Handle pump as the corrosive fluid of seawater or pharmaceutical chemicals must comprise suffer the slurry erosion that causes because of the sand that comprises in the fluid or chip (scale) and as described in the structure sliding contact part of operating under the slurry erosion condition.The present invention relates to be used to stop because corrosion and wearing and tearing/erosion cause the coating metal material that member damages, also relate to the fluid machinery that comprises the member that is coated with this coating metal material, as pump or water wheels.
Background technology
Fluid machinery that in corrosive atmosphere, uses such as pump or water wheels as seawater or pharmaceutical chemicals, the slurry erosion that suffers the sand that comprises in the treat fluid or chip and cause, the primary structure member that this that contacts with fluid is mechanical as shell or impeller, is made by stainless steel usually.Stainless steel has the good erosion resistance and the ratio of performance to price.
Yet sliding component, as be used for the grommet of impeller or bearing may be worn and torn and damaged, and sometimes when processed fluid contains solid such as sand or chip, can suffer slurry erosion and badly damaged.In addition, sliding component comprises slipping plane or the connection portion that is connected with basic machine, the narrow gap between the member that must comprise and face.Because the fluid of outside is difficult to the fluid in the displacement gap, so in surface possibility origination point corrosion, and because crevice corrosion also can take place in the galvanic effect that produces between inside and outside surface, gap.Concerning the austenitic stainless steel that shows good erosion resistance in flowing seawater, the generation of crevice corrosion is a serious problem.Because when pump during in inoperation, the fluid between gap portion inside and outside is difficult to displacement, and the sliding component that experiences the pump of frequent shut-down operation can suffer the damage of pitting attack or crevice corrosion, just needs replacement after short duration of service.
For member provides the normally used method of local resistance to fouling (resistance to wearing/aggressiveness) is at the surface-coated mechanically resistant material, and this has proved extremely successful.For this purpose, the material of representative comprises Co base alloy, stellite (stellite alloy) by name and Ni base alloy, Colmonoy (Colmonoy alloy) by name.
Yet these materials do not have anti-crevice corrosion, are applied to containing when them use in the environment such as seawater and when having the member in gap, can take place to corrode fast.
On the other hand, the material with good anti-crevice corrosion comprises Ni base alloy as because of Cornell 625 and haas troy C, these alloys by the built-up welding topical application in component surface to stop damage owing to pitting attack or crevice corrosion.Yet, to compare with above-mentioned hard coating material, these materials have lower hardness, can not taking up wear or erosion.
Obtain simultaneously to resistance to wear/method of aggressiveness and erosion resistance is the sintered compact that preparation is made up of carbide powder and Ni base alloy powder, Ni base alloy powder such as above-mentioned because of Cornell 625.Yet this method is not because in the big technical and economical difficulty during with complex shaped components of preparation, the while owing to the strength problem when using as structural member, is still developed into practical application yet.
If pending fluid is corrosive, as seawater or pharmaceutical chemicals, and comprise solid such as sand or chip, sliding component as the impeller wear ring or the bearing of pump, can be worn and torn or slurry erosion and damaging.In addition, the slipping plane of sliding component or the part that is connected with the pump housing can origination point corrosion or crevice corrosions in this gap in using for a long time with structurally necessary gap portion.Therefore, being suitable for handling the sliding component that contains just like the pump of the solid corrosive fluid of sand or chip must have simultaneously and resistance to wear/aggressiveness and erosion resistance.Because just finite part need have above-mentioned performance, preferably by the topical application coated material, applies desirable material on the substrate material part.
Summary of the invention
Consider above aspect, the inventor by prevent from lower cost to wear and tear in exploitation/method of erosion and pitting attack and crevice corrosion especially pays close attention to and obtain following understanding in the research of coating metal material and understand (a)-(f) simultaneously.
(a) pile up or the corrosion protection metallic substance that covers the gap portion surface preferably has low fusing point (being equal to or less than stainless steel), with the working efficiency that in weld deposit process, provides.The generation of necessary eliminating space or hole and introducing are as the impurity of oxide compound in coated material.Even because the preferred thin layer of economic cause coated material also can provide enough corrosion protections.Optimal, Ni base alloy satisfies all above requirements.
(b) though in seawater independent Ni enough anti-pitting attack and anti-crevice corrosion can not be provided, adding The addition of C r and Mo can provide good anti-pitting attack and anti-crevice corrosion.
(c) need mechanically resistant material to avoid because the wearing and tearing that sliding contact or slurry erosion cause, therefore, sintering metal is suitable for as top coat, sintering metal is the mixture of metal and carbide.Preferably each component by coated material reacts in weld deposit process and deposits carbide, rather than prepares sintering metal by the ready-mix of built-up welding carbide and metallic substance.
(d) an amount of V that adds the free energy with low formation carbide can provide the carbonaceous deposits of aforementioned stable with C in weld deposit process, and the carbonaceous deposits that also has portion C r and Mo, thereby obtains good resistance to wearing/abrasiveness.
(e) silicon also improves molten metal flow as oxygenant.
(f) since in built-up welding (overlay) metal Fe displacement does not make anti-pitting attack or anti-crevice corrosion change bad to the part of Ni, so add the cost that Fe can reduce deposited metal in right amount, and improve workability.
The object of the invention is to provide the member of the fluid machinery with good abrasion resistance and erosion resistance.
Device according to first invention comprises the member that need have erosion resistance and abrasion resistance.At least a portion of member is made by Ni-Cr-Mo-V-C base alloy, and this alloy is made up of the material of following weight %: Cr:23～50; V:7-20; C: be not less than 1.6 and be not more than 0.236 * V+2; Mo: be not more than 40 and be not less than and be selected among 11-0.1 * Cr and the 125-4 * Cr any; Form with the Ni and the unavoidable impurities of surplus.The total amount of Cr, V and Mo is not more than 90.
Device according to second invention comprises the member that need have erosion resistance and abrasion resistance.At least a portion of member is made by Ni-Cr-Mo-V-C base alloy, and this alloy is made up of the material of following weight %: Cr:23～50; V:7-20; Si:0.5～4.5 and C: be not less than 1.6 and be not more than 0.236 * V+2; Mo: be not more than 40 and be not less than the Mo that is selected among 11-0.1 * Cr and the 125-4 * Cr any; Form with the Ni and the unavoidable impurities of surplus.The total amount of Cr, V and Mo is not more than 90.
Device according to the 3rd invention comprises the member that need have erosion resistance and abrasion resistance.At least a portion of member is made by Ni-Cr-Mo-V-C base alloy, and this alloy is made up of the material of following weight %: Fe:2.5～25, Cr:23～50; V:7-20; Si:0.5～4.5 and C: be not less than 1.6 and be not more than 0.236 * V+2; Mo: be not more than 40 and be not less than and be selected among 11-0.1 * Cr and the 125-4 * Cr any; Form with the Ni and the unavoidable impurities of surplus.The total amount of Fe, Cr, V and Mo is not more than 90.
Described member can be a pumping element of forming pump.Described member has the coating layer portion by above-mentioned Ni-Cr-Mo-V-C base alloy composition.Described member can be a water wheels member of forming water wheels, and this member has the coating layer portion by above-mentioned Ni-Cr-Mo-V-C base alloy composition.
Described member can be a fluid machinery member of forming fluid machinery.This member has the coating layer portion by above-mentioned Ni-Cr-Mo-V-C base alloy composition.Described member also can be to have bearing and along this bearing fluid machinery member of axle sleeve part slidably.Bearing and axle sleeve part can comprise one of at least coating layer portion by above-mentioned Ni-Cr-Mo-V-C base alloy composition.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view of test block;
Fig. 2 is the vertical cross section of test block;
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram that shows the exemplary that repeats anodic polarization curves;
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of the bearing assembly according to the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram of the movable blade according to the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the sectional view of cated drainage pump formed according to the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the sectional view of the example of cated impeller formed according to the present invention; With
Fig. 8 is the sectional view that comprises the pump of impeller shown in Figure 7.
The optimum way that carries out an invention
Be used for comprising chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), carbon (C), silicon (Si) and the iron (Fe) of amount as mentioned above, below describe the reason of this composition of qualification according to the alloy that apparatus of the present invention are suitable as coated material.
(a) chromium
By adding Ni to, Cr makes material have the element of passivation ability, with the raising passivity, and reduces fusing point.Cr also is a carbide forming element to obtain because the sclerosis of the coating that carbonaceous deposits causes.The coating of coating material comprises and comprises matrix metal phase and carbonaceous deposits two-phase mutually according to the present invention, metallographic phase decision corrosion resistance.Cr is present in the above-mentioned two-phase, owing in coating procedure, be difficult to the amount of the Cr carbide of control generation, so by the amount of considering that carbonaceous deposits consumes, it is necessary with reducing the required Cr addition of fusing point that decision strengthens passivation.
Therefore, main effect only by considering that passivity improves and fusing point reduces, and do not consider the secondary effect of the hardness raising that causes owing to carbonaceous deposits, determine the Cr composition.Can not provide the ideal effect owing to be lower than the interpolation of 23% Cr, the excessive interpolation greater than 50% strengthens inactive can not provide significant raising, so the % content of Cr is defined as 23-50.
(b) molybdenum
Mo is for preventing that the crevice corrosion in seawater from being very effective.In addition, Mo is similar to Cr, also is that carbide forming element is to provide the coating that causes owing to carbonaceous deposits sclerosis.Therefore, determine that similarly Mo forms, i.e. main effect by considering that passivity improves and fusing point reduces, and do not consider the secondary effect of the hardness raising that causes owing to carbonaceous deposits.The decision of lower limit is relevant with the Cr component.Because can not provide ideal crevice corrosion protection effect less than the interpolation of the % content of 11-0.1 * Cr or less than the interpolation of the % content of 125-4 * Cr.On the other hand, the improvement greater than 40% interpolation antagonism crevice corrosion can not provide significant raising.So the % content of Mo is defined as and both is not less than 11-0.1 * Cr and also is not less than 125-4 * Cr and is not more than 40.
(c) vanadium
V has the element that the carbide that is lower than Cr or Mo forms free energy, therefore, and the hardening effect that can provide more effective carbonaceous deposits to cause.Yet the interpolation less than 7% can not provide the ideal hardening effect, and the interpolation greater than 20% shows the deterioration of erosion resistance, so addition is defined as 7-20%.
(d) carbon
C is by combining the element of deposition carbide with hardening coat with V, Cr or Mo, mainly being consumed in the vanadium carbide deposition.Interpolation less than 1.6% can not provide coating ideal hardening effect.On the other hand, the whole V-arrangements that comprise in the coating being become the stoichiometric % content of the C of vanadium carbide is V * 12.011 (nucleidic mass of C)/50.942 (nucleidic mass of V)=0.236 * V.Yet except that V, C also forms carbide with Cr and Mo and is consumed, so the whole V-arrangements that comprise in the coating are become vanadium carbide, the carbon % content of 0.236 * V is inadequate.Therefore, the % content of C is defined as and is not less than 1.6 and be not more than 0.236 * V+2.
(e) silicon
Si is the element that has strong affinity with oxygen, to such an extent as to by with coating in the oxygen bound energy effectively eliminate oxide compound, promote flow of molten metal smoothly simultaneously.Yet the interpolation less than 0.5% can not provide above-mentioned ideal effect, and can not provide significant raising greater than 4.5% interpolation to above-mentioned effect.Therefore, Si content is defined as 0.5-4.5%.
(f) iron
Because Fe is the element that can reduce the coating cost and improve its workability, so addition is according to the needs decision of above-mentioned performance.Because pure V is high-melting-point and costliness, so preferred V adds with ferrovanadium (FeV), this also is the Another reason that comprises Fe.Because the addition less than 2.5% can not provide above-mentioned ideal effect, and can worsen erosion resistance greater than 25% interpolation, Fe content is defined as 2.5-25%.
In using the process of these coating metal materials, potential can cause that the small spaces of crevice corrosion should and be coated with the border of interlayer or elimination from coating itself from matrix metal.Such coating method comprises: the dusty material built-up welding of being undertaken by plasma transferred arc weldering process; The dusty material thermospray; Use the filler rod of described material, by the built-up welding of tig welding process or submerged arc welding process; Or comprise dusty spray shape material or use the mixture of Powdered alloy and organic binder bond, molten certainly (self-fluxing) alloy coat method of this material of heating and melting then.
According to the member that is coated with the coating metal of the present invention, when as the sliding component that is used to handle as the pump of the corrosive single-phase or heterogeneous fluid of seawater or pharmaceutical chemicals or water wheels, have significant effect, yet this and do not mean that restriction application of the present invention.Corrode and generally be categorized as: the rain erosion of single phase liquid flow comprises the sand contamination erosion of gas and solid two-phase flow; The slurry erosion that comprises the two-phase flow of solid and liquid; The cavitation corrosion that comprises the two-phase flow of gas and liquid.Alloy of the present invention provides good resistance to fouling to above-mentioned all situations.For example, if on the impeller zone pump of handling corrosive fluid, that produce hole, apply described alloy, itself owing to have good erosion resistance and resistance to wear/erosion performance prevents the generation of cavitation corrosion.
In addition, the present invention's member of being coated with alloy also can be used as in device except that pump or the device, need have erosion resistance simultaneously and resistance to wear/rodent member.For example, it is favourable be applicable to be exposed in the atmosphere surrounding that high temperature includes chlorine or sulphur and place and suffer by dispersive unburned fuel (scattered slugs) and roasting residue collision the causing locational member of erosive.Also advantageously be applied in heat power plant or nuclear power plant, carry the pump that needs erosion resistance especially of water coolant or the member of pipeline.
Also can advantageously be applied to the member of chemical plant etc. and the fluidized-bed reactor inner member that uses highly corrosive reagent and solid catalyst, or need the member of the blade of the bearing of erosion resistance and abrasion resistance or agitator in the chemical reactor.
Table 1
Figure C20048002816500111
(embodiment 1)
The present invention will by preferred embodiment with being described of comparative example.Table 1 has shown the composition of coating metal material of the present invention and comparative example and the test result of crevice corrosion test and hardness test.
The powder that at first prepares each composition as shown in table 1 by atomization process carries out classification then, is adjusted into the scope of particle size 10-50 μ m.Each powder passes through following step process so that the sample with built-up welding coating to be provided.
Form two 3mm overlay claddings by plasma transferred arc weldering process on the SUS304 plate surface wide at 60mm, that 100mm is long and 10mm is thick.Then, remove the thick surface portion of 1mm by the machining sample, to expose the second metallizing layer.In advance to coatingsurface and cross section carry out EPMA analyze with determine the parent plate element not by diluted mixture in this second layer, so that the coatingsurface that exposes belongs to the alloy that has with the coating metal material same composition.
Cut away 30mm from sample 2Test block in order to the test of crevice corrosion.Shown in Fig. 1 front view and Fig. 2 vertical cross section, 10mm 2Polyfluortetraethylene plate 4 is by bolt 6 and nut 7 and be fixed on the centre portions of square test block 3 coatings one side surface via acrylic resin board 5.The front surface of test block 3 and circumferential surface cover silicone resin 2 to make specimen then.
Penetrate into the crevice corrosion that the solution of test block 3 and 4 slight gap of polyfluortetraethylene plate causes by detection and carry out described test, specimen immerses 3%NaCl solution, and the replicate measurement anodic polarization.Fig. 3 has shown the synoptic diagram of the exemplary of the repetition anodic polarization curves that obtains.Curve A, B and each self-described of C current potential change to high (noble) direction by spontaneous potential with set rate and reach 6mA (advance route) up to electric current, and to the state of low (ignoble) direction inverse change (return route).Among Fig. 3, curve A has been described to advance does not have the situation of remarkable difference with return route, and this shows to have good anti-crevice corrosion.Curve C described advance and return route between the situation of polarization behavior fundamental difference.Here, even hang down backward to turning to from height at current potential, corrosion current does not descend at all, so corrosion Once you begin, just can not stop automatically, therefore, is easy to produce the situation of crevice corrosion.Curve B has been described the intermediateness between between above-mentioned A and C situation.
To above-mentioned various specimen, above-mentioned three classes that repeat anodic polarization curves and be referred to curve A among Fig. 3, B and C have been investigated.The result is presented in the table 1 by symbol A, B and C.In addition, gap formation outward appearance partly to each sample is investigated to check the generation of any crevice corrosion, the result also is presented in the table 1 by symbol, the seamless corrosion of zero expression produces, the generation of crevice corrosion is arranged in some that * expression has obvious gaps corrosion to produce and △ represents repeatedly to observe.Therefore, table 1 has shown that the sample with symbol zero has good anti-crevice corrosion, have symbol * the sample sample that has poor anti-crevice corrosion and have a symbol △ sometimes have poor anti-crevice corrosion.
After cutting out the corrosion test piece, on specimen, cut out suitable test block in order to hardness test.Be coated with layer cross section by at first checking, the hardness of using the Micro-Vickers hardness-testing device to detect second layer mid-depth place is then carried out hardness test.Measure weight and be set at 500g.Vickers hardness (Hv) test result to above-mentioned various specimen is as shown in table 1.We adopt Hv400kgf/mm 2As showing the necessary standard rigidity value of abrasion resistance or resistance to fouling, when specimen is stiffer than standard value, mark zero in table 1.This means that indicating zero specimen has good abrasion resistance or resistance to fouling.
Table 1 has shown that clearly the built-up welding coating sample 1-28 that is coated with material of the present invention has shown good anti-crevice corrosion, have good abrasion resistance and resistance to fouling simultaneously, have its sample 1-22 that forms the coated material outside the scope of the invention and show the anti-crevice corrosion of going on business, or any of the abrasion resistance of difference and resistance to fouling.
Check the outward appearance of specimen of the present invention before removing upper layer, all samples have level and smooth built-up welding surface, demonstrate good built-up welding performance.
(embodiment 2)
By SUS304 (a kind of austenitic stainless steel) make have 62mm φ external diameter, cylinder element that 51mm φ internal diameter and 65mm are long.Plasma transferred arc by the Ni-Cr-Mo-V-C base alloy powder is welded in the thick coating of external surface of structural member coating 1.5mm, this powdered alloy comprises 29%Cr (weight meter, as follows), 11Mo%, 1%Si, the Ni of 16%V, 5%C and surplus and unavoidable impurities, then it is processed and remove upper layer and have 64.4mm φ external diameter to make, the cylinder element that 53mm φ internal diameter and 63mm are long.
Although this embodiment uses SUS304 (a kind of austenitic stainless steel) as matrix metal, the present invention does not limit matrix metal, so that as long as other material compatible with seawater also can use.In addition, although above-mentioned embodiment uses the plasma transferred arc soldering method when the metallizing material, but this does not mean that the restriction coating method yet, so that as long as interface between coating and matrix metal or coating inside do not produce the hole that causes crevice corrosion or other method of hole also can be used.Also can use the self-fluxing alloy coating method, comprise by the hot spraying powder powder material or in component surface and use the mixture of Powdered alloy and organic binder bond, this material of heating and melting then.In these methods, from coating long-term reliability viewpoint, plasma transferred arc weldering or tig welding are ideal.Fig. 4 has shown according to the present invention the diagrammatic cross-section of bearing assembly, the bearing axle sleeve 8 that adopts above-mentioned cylinder element conduct and SiC bearing to assemble.Bearing axle sleeve 8 is fixed on around the axle 10, comprises that bearing 9 is fixed on the bearing support 11 by the coating 8a of the step preparation according to the present invention.
(embodiment 3)
Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram that shows the movable blade of being made by SCS16 (a kind of austenite stainless cast steel).Rely on operational condition, the damage that suffers crevice corrosion that the negative pressure part at blade tips place can be structural.When the long-time shut-down operation of machine, the gap between blade tips and shell also can suffer crevice corrosion.Therefore, remove part 14 to the 1mm degree of depth of described part by grinding machine after, plasma transferred arc by the Ni-Cr-Mo-V-C base alloy powder is welded in 1.5mm is provided above it thick metallizing layer, described powdered alloy comprises 29%Cr, 11Mo%, 1%Si, 16%V, the Ni of 5%C and surplus and unavoidable impurities.Remove surface element by machining and assign to finish the thick coating of 1mm, on described part, to form movable blade with coating.Similar to embodiment 1, matrix metal material or coating method are not limited to above-mentioned those materials or method.
(embodiment 4)
Fig. 6 has shown the drainage pump according to embodiment of the present invention.Several 23 have described the impeller that is used for effluent, several 24 have described the main shaft that is used for from drive part transmission rotation, several 25 have described the axle sleeve of linking main shaft, several 26 have described with axle sleeve 25 sliding contacts and the bearing and several 27 that is used for supports main shaft 24 and have described in order to hold said elements and the shell of the fluid channel of waste water wherein is provided.Bearing according to embodiment 2 is mounted as bearing 26.The fluid channel part that may corrode or wear and tear in pump is used according to metallizing material of the present invention.
(embodiment 5)
Fig. 7 has shown the example of fluid mechanics member, promptly has the rotor or the impeller that improve the pump of anti-slurry erosion and anti-cavitation erosion by coating of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 7, impeller 30 comprises: have the wheel hub 32 in order to the axial hole 31 of accepting turning axle; The dish type mainboard (primary plate) 33 that extends radially outwardly from wheel hub 32; With mainboard 33 axially spaced annular wheel caps (shroud) 34; And between mainboard and wheel cap around integrally formed a plurality of blades 35 of the O-O shaft angle degree equidistant placement of axial hole.These mainboards 33, wheel cap 34 and blade 35 define fluid channel 36.The inner radial part 37 of fluid channel 36 part that provides access, radially outer part 38 provides notch portion.Annular wheel cap 34 comprises axially extended inner radial part 34a and radial expansion part 34b, extends axially the inlet 39 that part 34a defines impeller 30.When passing through the rotation conveyance fluid of impeller 30, if impeller rotates in containing the water of mud, mud granule in the water and impeller 30 surface collisions, particularly limit mainboard 33 internal surfaces of impeller 30 fluid channels 36, the surface of the internal surface 42 of wheel cap 34 and the both sides of blade 35, i.e. surface 43 and surface, suction side 44 on the pressure side, and these surfaces of swiping is so that these surfaces are by serious wearing and tearing.In addition, if use in the corrosive atmosphere as seawater or pharmaceutical chemicals, they also will be corroded the wearing and tearing that cause.Therefore, will advantageously be applied in the zone of these hope according to coated material of the present invention: the internal surface 41,42 that limits impeller 30 fluid channels 36; Surface 43 and surface, suction side 44 on the pressure side; The outside surface of wheel cap 34; Rear surface 47 with mainboard 34.
In as the fluid machinery of water wheels or pump, use have coating as mentioned above according to impeller 30 of the present invention.Fig. 8 has shown with the sectional view of vertical pump 50 as the fluid machinery example.As shown in Figure 8, pump 50 comprises: the shell 51 that is defined for the pump chamber 52 that holds the impeller 30 according to the present invention; Main shaft 57 and the impeller 30 that is fixed on its lower end with Z-axis; Link to each other with shell upper end in order to the main bearing babbitting jig 58 of support with respect to the rotatable main shaft 57 of shell; With in order to stop the tightness system 59 of fluid from seepage between shell 51 and the main shaft 57.Shell 51 is fixed on the cylinder pedestal 60 by currently known methods.Shell 51 comprises the disk-shaped end plates 53 on top, in order to limit the housing 54 and the tubular lid 56 of spiral outlet chamber 55 wherein.Round shape draft tube 61 is connected and covers 56 lower end.
When said pump turns round by main shaft 37 and the rotation that is fixed on the impeller 30 of its lower end, flow shown in figure arrow X to impeller eye 39 in the fluid suction draft tube 61, carry by the passage 36 of impeller 39, radially to be discharged to the downstream chamber 55 from exporting 38.Fluid in the downstream chamber is from the discharge (here not illustrating) of outlet.
Be applicable to above-mentioned metallizing material alloy can by any heat spraying method thermospray on the surface of body material on body material, to form anticorrosive and wear-resistant friction layer.This coating can be applied to the body material that uses as member, this member need have erosion resistance, abrasion resistance and anti-sand aggressiveness or anti-slurry erosion, for example as for example impeller, shell, blade, bearing or sealing member in the rotating machinery of pump, water wheels or compressor.The formation of wear-resistant friction layer can provide the abrasion resistance of raising on body material, so that use the machinery of this material such as pump, water wheels and compression function to have the long life-span.
As mentioned above, the advantage of the present invention's commercial Application that can provide is as follows:
Only by providing thin metallizing layer on any surface of sliding component, can be reliably Prevent because the wearing and tearing of sliding-contact, since introduce the erosion of sand or chip and spot corrosion or Crevice corrosion.
Because the coating of part is just enough, so this technology is very economical.
By stoping the damage of member, can generator or device such as seawater or chemicals The use of corrosive atmosphere midium or long term.
Also can prolong the mechanical organ that is coated with the alloy according to the present invention such as impeller, bearing, shell Deng life-span and the life-span of using the fluid machinery of these elements.

Claims (7)

1. comprise that requirement has the device of the member of erosion resistance and abrasion resistance, the part of described at least member is made by Ni-Cr-Mo-V-C base alloy, and this alloy is made up of the material of following weight %:
Cr：23～50；
V：7-20；
C: be not less than 1.6 and be not more than 0.236 * V+2;
Mo: be not more than 40 and be not less than among 11-0.1 * Cr and the 125-4 * Cr any; With
The Ni of surplus and unavoidable impurities,
Cr wherein, the total amount of V and Mo is not more than 90.
2. comprise that requirement has the device of the member of erosion resistance and abrasion resistance, the part of described at least member is made by Ni-Cr-Mo-V-C base alloy, and this alloy is made up of the material of following weight %:
Cr：23～50；
V：7-20；
Si:0.5～4.5 and C: be not less than 1.6 and be not more than 0.236 * V+2;
Mo: be not more than 40 and be not less than among 11-0.1 * Cr and the 125-4 * Cr any; With
The Ni of surplus and unavoidable impurities,
Cr wherein, the total amount of V and Mo is not more than 90.
3. comprise that requirement has the device of the member of erosion resistance and abrasion resistance, a part of Ni-Cr-Mo-V-C base alloy of described at least member is made, and this alloy is made up of the material of following weight %:
Fe：2.5～25；
Cr：23～50；
V：7-20；
Si:0.5～4.5 and C: be not less than 1.6 and be not more than 0.236 * V+2;
Mo: be not more than 40 and be not less than among 11-0.1 * Cr and the 125-4 * Cr any; With
The Ni of surplus and unavoidable impurities,
Fe wherein, Cr, the total amount of V and Mo is not more than 90.
4. according to each device of claim 1-3, wherein said member is to form the pumping element of pump and described member to have coating layer portion by described Ni-Cr-Mo-V-C base alloy composition.
5. according to each device of claim 1-3, wherein said member is to form the water wheels member of water wheels and described member to have coating layer portion by described Ni-Cr-Mo-V-C base alloy composition.
6. according to each device of claim 1-3, wherein said member is to form the fluid machinery member of fluid machinery and described member to have coating layer portion by described Ni-Cr-Mo-V-C base alloy composition.
7. according to each device of claim 1-3, wherein said device is to have bearing and along the described bearing fluid machinery of axle sleeve part slidably, wherein said bearing and axle sleeve part comprise one of at least coating layer portion by described Ni-Cr-Mo-V-C base alloy composition.
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