CN100433433C - Fuel cell/constant pressure turbine/hybrid system - Google Patents
Fuel cell/constant pressure turbine/hybrid system Download PDFInfo
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- CN100433433C CN100433433C CNB2004800185642A CN200480018564A CN100433433C CN 100433433 C CN100433433 C CN 100433433C CN B2004800185642 A CNB2004800185642 A CN B2004800185642A CN 200480018564 A CN200480018564 A CN 200480018564A CN 100433433 C CN100433433 C CN 100433433C
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Abstract
A fuel cell/constant pressure turbine/hybrid system which is capable of making effective use of the heat energy of exhaust gas from a constant pressure high temperature type fuel cell, which makes it unnecessary to use a separate protective device for emergency, and which is capable of reducing cost by using structural and piping materials which are light in weight and easy to process. The system comprises a combustor (2) for burning exhaust gas (G1) discharged from a constant pressure high temperature type fuel cell (1), a turbine (3) for burning substantially constant pressure combustion gas (G2) discharged from the combustor (2) to cause the combustion gas (G2) to expand to a negative pressure, a compressor (4) for increasing the pressure of exhaust gas (G3) from the turbine (3), and a heat exchanger (5) for heat exchange between the high temperature exhaust gas (G3) from the turbine (3) and low temperature air (A) supplied to the fuel cell (1).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fuel cell that normal pressure, high-temperature fuel cell and constant pressure turbine combination are generated electricity expeditiously and the hybrid system of constant pressure turbine.
Background technology
In the past, as this hybrid system, known have a system's (with reference to patent documentation 1,2) that is formed by high-pressure type fuel cell and the turbine combination that generator is driven.
But, be to the turbine of pressure side action and at the high-pressure type fuel cell that on an equal basis or more moves under the high pressure with its compressor delivery pressure because existing hybrid system uses, thereby exist following problem.Promptly; when making whole hybrid system miniaturization; fuel cell to be packed in the big capacity high temperature and high pressure containers with respect to small-sized turbine; therefore; processing such as must outfit can in case of emergency suitably shut down, high temperature and high pressure gas is discharged into protective device outside the system rapidly, cost burden is very big for mini-system.In addition, must possess the system configuration and the control technology that when promptly stopping, pressure-difference fluctuation can being limited in the scope that fuel cell structure intensity allowed, thereby cause cost further to increase.Have again, use aforementioned high temperature and high pressure containers and HTHP pipe arrangement, thereby the overall cost of system increases because of necessary.
Summary of the invention
, the objective of the invention is for this reason, a kind of heat energy that can effectively utilize the battery emission gases of high-temperature fuel cell discharging is provided, and do not need to be equipped with in addition the fuel cell simple in structure of emergency protective device etc. and the hybrid system of constant pressure turbine.
For achieving the above object, the fuel cell that the 1st formation of the present invention is related and the hybrid system of constant pressure turbine comprise: burner makes the battery emission gases burning of normal pressure, high-temperature fuel cell discharging; Turbine makes the burning gases that are roughly normal pressure of said burner discharging be expanded to negative pressure; Compressor makes the pressure rising from the discharge gas of above-mentioned turbine; Heat exchanger carries out heat exchange between the air from the low temperature of the discharge gas of the high temperature of above-mentioned turbine and fueling battery.Wherein, above-mentioned normal pressure is meant the pressure of the installation environment of system, and negative pressure is meant the pressure that is lower than this pressure.
In above-mentioned fuel cell, fuel and air react by electrolyte and produce electric energy, the battery emission gases of the high temperature that generates this moment is sent into made it burning in the burner.The burning gases that are roughly normal pressure of the device of spontaneous combustion in the future are sent to turbine, and this turbine is driven.Above-mentioned burning gases along with from turbine by being expanded to negative pressure, the discharge gas of this expansion sent into its pressure raise.The discharge gas that will expand in above-mentioned turbine is sent in the above-mentioned heat exchanger, carry out heat exchange with the Cryogenic air of supplying with to fuel cell, the discharge gas that will become low temperature is sent into above-mentioned compressor, therefore, can improve compression efficiency, the efficient of turbine is improved.On the other hand, will send into fuel cell, improve its generating efficiency by the air that heat exchange becomes high temperature.Because as mentioned above; combine by normal pressure, high-temperature fuel cell and constant pressure turbine; thereby can effectively be used to from the heat energy of the high-temperature battery emission gases of fuel battery and whole system can not produce very high pressure; therefore; do not need to be equipped with in addition emergency protective device in the past etc.; and structural material and but pipe arrangement material operating weight is light and easy material processed, cost is reduced.
Preferably, will sneak in the air of above-mentioned low temperature from the discharge gas of above-mentioned compressor.Do like this, particularly using MCFC type described later (Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell: the occasion of the fuel cell fused carbonate type), to realize discharge gas by repetitive cycling air blast etc. for the past to the pressurization recirculation of high-pressure type fuel cell, can supply with few forced draft fan of power consumption etc., therefore, even if under the lower service conditions of cathode reaction rate, also be easy to make the partial pressure of carbon dioxide of negative electrode to improve, generating efficiency is improved.
Preferably, also have cooler, cool off and supply with compressor discharging gas in the downstream of above-mentioned heat exchanger.According to this formation, send into compressor after can cooling off the discharge gas that comes automatic heat-exchanger with cooler, thereby can improve the efficient of compressor, the efficient of turbine is improved.
In an embodiment of the invention, on above-mentioned compressor, also have the 2nd compressor and the 2nd cooler, described the 2nd compressor and the coaxial setting of above-mentioned compressor, discharge gas from compressor is compressed, and described the 2nd cooler cools off the discharge gas of supplying with the 2nd compressor.According to this formation, can discharge gas that supply with each compressor be cooled off with cooler separately, therefore, can improve the efficient of each compressor, the efficient of turbine is further improved.Here, above-mentioned coaxial being meant is connected on the same rotating shaft.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, also have evaporator and modification device, described evaporator reclaims heat to generate steam from the discharge gas of above-mentioned turbine discharging, and described modification device is supplied with above-mentioned fuel cell after adopting above-mentioned steam to make fuel reforming.According to this formation, utilize steam that above-mentioned evaporator generates, be that the heat of system's discharging makes the heat modification.For example, it is modified as contains a large amount of CO and H in the occasion of using natural gas to act as a fuel
2, the gas of the high-quality of the fuel that acts as a fuel battery.
In another execution mode of the present invention, also have air and import tributary circuit, the part of air of supplying with above-mentioned fuel cell is imported.According to this formation, when to air excess that fuel cell is supplied with, this part of air is switched in the burner by importing tributary circuit.Promptly, when having carried when surpassing the air of fuel cell requirement to the heat exchanger of the upstream side of above-mentioned fuel cell for the discharge gas to the discharging of above-mentioned turbine fully cools off, this unnecessary air switches to the burner from above-mentioned importing tributary circuit, burns with the battery emission gases from fuel cell in this burner.
Also fuel feeder can be set on said burner, supply with the fuel different with the battery emission gases to said burner.According to this formation, burn in said burner by making fuel from fuel feeder, can control the ignition temperature of above-mentioned battery emission gases, therefore, be convenient to the output of turbine is controlled.
In another execution mode of the present invention, with above-mentioned turbine as the 1st turbine, be provided with the 2nd turbine coaxially with it, between the 1st turbine and the 2nd turbine, be provided with the 2nd burner, described the 2nd burner is fueling in from the discharge gas of the 2nd turbine, supply with the 1st turbine after making it to burn, supply with above-mentioned heat exchanger from the discharge gas of above-mentioned the 1st turbine.According to this formation, make discharge gas combustion with the 2nd burner from the 2nd turbine, give the 1st turbine with the discharge gas delivery of high temperature, therefore, the output of the 1st turbine can be improved.
In addition, the fuel cell that the 2nd formation of the present invention is related and the hybrid system of constant pressure turbine comprise: burner makes the battery emission gases burning of normal pressure, high-temperature fuel cell discharging; Turbine makes the burning gases that are roughly normal pressure of said burner discharging be expanded to negative pressure; Compressor raises pressure from the discharge gas of turbine and supplies with above-mentioned fuel cell; The air supply passageway is to the said burner air supply.
In this hybrid system; same with the above-mentioned the 1st hybrid system that constitutes; normal pressure, high-temperature fuel cell and constant pressure turbine are combined; thereby can effectively be used to from the heat energy of the high-temperature battery emission gases of fuel battery and whole system can not produce very high pressure; therefore; do not need to be equipped with in addition devices such as emergency protective device in the past, but and structural material and pipe arrangement material operating weight is light and easy material processed, cost is reduced.In addition,, therefore, do not need equipment such as recycle gas blower, can make the heat energy of discharging gas in fuel cell, effectively obtain utilizing owing to be with from fueling battery behind the compressed machine rising of the discharge gas pressure of turbine.Have, particularly (Molten CarbonateFuel Cell: the fuel cell fused carbonate type), negative electrode needs a large amount of CO for the MCFC type again
2, and can supply with CO by above-mentioned discharge gas
2, therefore, the generating efficiency of fuel cell is improved.And, by by the air supply passageway to the burner air supply, can increase the amount of oxygen in this burner and improve combustion efficiency.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, also have the discharge gas heat-exchanger, between from the discharge gas of above-mentioned compressor and discharge gas, carry out heat exchange from turbine.According to this formation, the high temperature of turbine discharging is discharged gas and is carried out supplying with to the entrance side of compressor after heat exchange becomes low temperature to discharge gas through discharging gas heat-exchanger.Thus, can reduce the compression power of compressor, the efficient of turbine is improved.And the discharge gas of compressor discharge is discharged the existence temperature rising of gas because of the high temperature of turbine discharging in discharging gas heat-exchanger, the discharge gas that this temperature raises is supplied with to fuel cell, therefore, the generating efficiency of fuel cell further improves.
In an embodiment of the invention, also have the battery air flue,, part of air is supplied with above-mentioned fuel cell from above-mentioned air supply passageway top set.According to this formation, the part of air that will pass through from above-mentioned air supply passageway is through battery air flue fueling battery, and therefore, the generating efficiency of this fuel cell is improved.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, also have the adjustment valve, be arranged on above-mentioned air supply passageway and battery bifurcation, the air distribution amount of two paths is adjusted with air flue.According to this formation, kind and capacity air supply that can fuel cell be improved the efficient of fuel cell.For example using SOFC type (Solid Oxide FuelCell: the occasion of fuel cell solid oxide type), though its negative electrode does not need a large amount of carbon dioxide gass, but need a large amount of oxygen, therefore, can supply with more air to fuel cell by the adjustment of above-mentioned adjustment valve.On the other hand, in the occasion of using MCFC type fuel cell, negative electrode needs a large amount of carbon dioxide gass, can stop or reducing the supply of air by the adjustment of above-mentioned adjustment valve, and the concentration of the feasible discharge gas of carrying to fuel cell behind above-mentioned compressor rising pressure improves.
As mentioned above; hybrid system according to fuel cell of the present invention and constant pressure turbine; can effectively be used to heat energy from the battery emission gases of normal pressure, high-temperature fuel cell; and do not need to be equipped with in addition as before devices such as emergency protective device; and; but the light and easy material processed of structural material and pipe arrangement material operating weight, it is lower that cost is able to.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the hybrid system of related fuel cell of the present invention's the 1st execution mode and constant pressure turbine.
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of the hybrid system of the 2nd execution mode.
Fig. 3 is the block diagram of the hybrid system of the 3rd execution mode.
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of the hybrid system of the 4th execution mode.
Fig. 5 is the block diagram of the hybrid system of the 5th execution mode.
Fig. 6 is the block diagram of the hybrid system of the 6th execution mode.
Fig. 7 is the block diagram of the hybrid system of the 7th execution mode.
Fig. 8 is the block diagram of the hybrid system of the 8th execution mode.
Fig. 9 is the block diagram of the hybrid system of the 9th execution mode.
Embodiment
Below, to preferred implementation of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the hybrid system of related fuel cell of the present invention's the 1st execution mode and constant pressure turbine.This hybrid system is that the constant pressure turbine APT of fuel combines by normal pressure, high-temperature fuel cell 1 with the battery emission gases G1 that is roughly normal pressure of its discharging.Constant pressure turbine APT has: the burner 2 that makes the battery emission gases G1 burning of fuel cell 1 discharging; Make its burning gases G2 be expanded to the turbine 3 of negative pressure; Be subjected to the driving of the power that this turbine 3 produces, the compressor 4 that the pressure from the discharge gas G3 of turbine 3 is raise; The heat exchanger 5 that carries out heat exchange between from the discharge gas G3 of the high temperature of above-mentioned turbine 3 and Cryogenic air A from the fueling battery 1 of surrounding environment.Constant pressure turbine APT is a single-shaft variant, and turbine 3 links to each other by same rotating shaft 10 with compressor 4, and, on this rotating shaft 10, be connected with generator 40 as load.Also constant pressure turbine APT can be designed to biaxial type, with the 1st connection turbine 3 and compressor 4, with the 2nd connection turbine 3 and generator 40.
In the 1st execution mode of Fig. 1, that fuel cell 1 uses is MCFC type (MoltenCarbonate Fuel Cell: the fuel cell fused carbonate type), have anode 11 and negative electrode 12 and be arranged on dielectric substrate 13 between them, CO, H that the normal pressure fuel F that supplies with to above-mentioned anode 11 is produced
2React by above-mentioned dielectric substrate 13 with the oxygen among the atmospheric air A that supplies with to above-mentioned negative electrode 12, thereby produce electric energy.Fuel F for example can use natural gas.
The normal pressure that contains unreacting gas or unnecessary air that will emit from above-mentioned fuel cell 1, the battery emission gases G1 of high temperature send into burner 2 and make it burning, G2 sends into turbine 3 with its burning gases, this turbine 3 is driven, compressor 4 and generator 40 are driven with the power of its generation.In addition, above-mentioned burning gases G2 from turbine 3 by the time be expanded to negative pressure, the discharge gas G3 of the negative pressure moderate temperature after this expansion is sent into above-mentioned heat exchanger 5, carry out heat exchange with the air A of the low temperature of supplying with to fuel cell 1.The discharge gas G4 that will carry out heat exchange with air A and become low temperature sends in the above-mentioned compressor 4, makes it pressure at this and is increased to normal pressure.At this moment, be low temperature owing to discharge gas G4, thereby can improve the compression efficiency in the compressor 4, the efficient of constant pressure turbine APT is improved.On the other hand, will in above-mentioned heat exchanger 5, become the negative electrode 12 of the air A fueling battery 1 of high temperature, the carrying out of the chemical reaction the when oxygen among the air A becomes oxidant and promotes composition reaction with fuel F, its result can improve generating efficiency.Discharge gas G5 from above-mentioned compressor 4 sneaks among the air A of fueling battery 1.
In the above-described configuration, what above-mentioned fuel cell 1 used is normal pressure, high-temperature fuel cell, what constant pressure turbine APT used is normal pressure type turbine, therefore, the heat energy from the battery emission gases G1 of the high temperature of fuel cell 1 is utilized effectively in constant pressure turbine APT.In addition; because whole system can not produce very high pressure; thereby do not need to be equipped with in the past devices such as protective device that in emergency circumstances use; and the structural material of fuel cell 1 and constant pressure turbine APT and but pipe arrangement material operating weight is light and easy material processed, thereby cost is reduced.
In addition, because the discharge gas G5 from compressor 1 is sneaked among the air A of fueling battery 1, thereby for the past with equipment such as repetitive cycling air blasts with respect to the pressurize discharge gas G5 of recirculation of high-pressure type fuel cell, can supply with to the fuel cell 1 of normal pressure type with minimum forced draft fan of power consumption etc., therefore, even under the lower service conditions of cathode reaction rate, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide of negative electrode 12 is improved, generating efficiency is improved.In addition, as the present invention, (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell: fuel cell solid oxide type), but in this occasion does not make among the above-mentioned discharge gas G5 entrained air A and directly is discharged into outside the system can to use the SOFC type yet.
Fig. 2 illustrates the hybrid system of related fuel cell of the 2nd execution mode and constant pressure turbine.This hybrid system the 1st execution mode with Fig. 1 basically is identical, with respect to the 1st execution mode, has increased water spray type cooler 6 between above-mentioned heat exchanger 5 and compressor 4.According to this formation, in above-mentioned cooler 6, the discharge gas G4 that discharges from heat exchanger 5 is cooled off with the water that is sprayed into atomizing, become the discharge gas G6 that contains moisture, and to compressor 4 conveyings, in this compressor 4, the evaporation latent heat of discharging moisture among the gas G6 makes discharges gas G6 cooling and the temperature reduction.Therefore, can improve the compression efficiency of compressor 4, the efficient of constant pressure turbine APT is improved.
Fig. 3 illustrates the hybrid system of related fuel cell of the 3rd execution mode and constant pressure turbine.The 2nd execution mode with respect to Fig. 2, this hybrid system also with above-mentioned compressor 4 as the 1st compressor, on the same rotating shaft 10 of this compressor 4, connect the 2nd compressor 41, between the 1st compressor 4 and the 2nd compressor 41, increased the 2nd cooler 61 of the water spray type that the discharge gas G7 from compressor 4 is cooled off in addition with respect to the 1st cooler 6.According to this formation, water with atomizing in above-mentioned the 2nd cooler 61 cools off the discharge gas G7 that discharges from compressor 4, be sent to the 2nd compressor 41 after making it to become the discharge gas G 8 that contains moisture, in the 2nd compressor 41, the evaporation latent heat of discharging moisture among the gas G8 makes discharges gas G8 cooling and the temperature reduction.And from the 2nd compressor 41 by after discharge gas G9 sneak among the above-mentioned air A, the carbon dioxide that transports media of oxygen is recovered and supplies with negative electrode 12 in the battery 1 that acts as a fuel.As mentioned above,, therefore, can improve the compression efficiency of each compressor 4,41, the efficient of constant pressure turbine APT is improved because the discharge gas G6, the G8 that supply with to two compressors 4,41 are cooled off by two coolers 6,61 respectively.
As Fig. 2 and cooler 6,61 shown in Figure 3, also can substitute the direct type cooler that constitutes by the water spray device and use in the container indirect-type cooler of configuration cooling water pipe.
Fig. 4 illustrates the hybrid system of related fuel cell of the 4th execution mode and constant pressure turbine.The 1st execution mode with respect to Fig. 1, this hybrid system is connected with in the downstream of turbine 3 to discharge from it and reclaims heat gas G3 generating the evaporator 7 of steam, and has increased the steam S that utilizes this evaporator 7 to generate and make decomposing and the modification device 8 of modification such as the such fuel F of natural gas of above-mentioned fuel cell 1.According to this formation, the steam S that utilizes above-mentioned evaporator 7 to generate makes above-mentioned fuel F be decomposed into CO, H
2Fueling battery 1 Deng gas and after the modification.That is, can utilize the modification of the heat realization fuel F of hybrid system discharging.
Fig. 5 illustrates the hybrid system of related fuel cell of the 5th execution mode and constant pressure turbine.With respect to the 1st execution mode of Fig. 1, this hybrid system has increased the air that the part of the air A that will supply with to fuel cell 1 imports at the upstream side of said burner 2 and has imported tributary circuit 9.According to this formation, when the air A that supplies with to fuel cell 1 is excessive, the part of this air A for fuel cell 1 for by bypass, via importing tributary circuit 9 direct supplied burner 2.Promptly, enough low in order to make from the temperature of the discharge gas G3 of above-mentioned turbine 3, to supply with the air A of the requirement that surpasses fuel cell 1 to the heat exchanger 5 of the upstream side of above-mentioned fuel cell 1, its unnecessary air A switches in the burner 2 by above-mentioned importing tributary circuit 9, burns with the battery emission gases G1 from fuel cell 1 in burner 2.
Fig. 6 illustrates the hybrid system of related fuel cell of the 6th execution mode and constant pressure turbine.With respect to the 1st execution mode of Fig. 1, this hybrid system on said burner 2, increased supply gas or liquid fuel F1 such as the such fuel feeder 20 of nozzle.According to this formation, by the fuel F1 from fuel feeder 20 is burnt in said burner 2, the temperature of can be to the ignition temperature of above-mentioned battery emission gases G1, promptly supplying with the burning gases G2 of turbine 3 is controlled, and therefore, is convenient to the output of turbine is controlled.For example, in said burner 2, can't make temperature reach sufficiently high occasion,, just can improve the temperature of the discharge gas G 3 that supplies with above-mentioned turbine 3, the output of turbine is improved by helping burning from above-mentioned fuel feeder 20 fueling F1.
Fig. 7 illustrates the hybrid system of related fuel cell of the 7th execution mode and constant pressure turbine.The 3rd execution mode with respect to Fig. 3, this hybrid system with above-mentioned turbine 3 as the 1st turbine, on the same rotating shaft of the 1st turbine 3, connect the 2nd turbine 31, and between the 1st turbine 3 and the 2nd turbine 31, increased the 2nd burner 21 to its supply gas or liquid fuel F2, and, will supply with heat exchanger 5 from the discharge gas G12 of the 1st turbine 3.According to this formation, burnt by fuel F2 in above-mentioned the 2nd burner 21 from the discharge gas G10 of above-mentioned the 2nd turbine 31, the discharge gas G11 of high temperature is sent to turbine 3.Therefore, the output of the 1st turbine 3 improves.
Fig. 8 illustrates the block diagram of the hybrid system of related fuel cell of the present invention's the 8th execution mode and constant pressure turbine.The 1st execution mode of this hybrid system and Fig. 1 is same, have burner (reactor) 2, turbine 3 and compressor 4, between the negative electrode 12 of the outlet of compressor 4 and above-mentioned fuel cell 1, be provided with and discharge gas passage 50, and be provided with the air supply passageway of supplying with from the air A1 of surrounding environment to said burner 2 51.
After utilizing compressor 4 that pressure from the discharge gas G3 of above-mentioned turbine 3 is raise, it is discharged gas G22 from discharging the negative electrode 12 of gas passage 50 direct fueling batteries 1.Thus, do not need to use equipment such as recycle gas blower, the heat energy of discharging gas G22 is utilized effectively in fuel cell 1.In addition, particularly for MCFC type fuel cell, negative electrode 12 needs a large amount of CO
2, and above-mentioned discharge gas G 22 can supply with CO
2, thereby the generating efficiency of fuel cell 1 is improved.In addition, by from above-mentioned air supply passageway 51 to burner 2 air supply A1, can increase the amount of oxygen in this burner 2, improve with from the reaction efficiency of the emission gases G1 of fuel cell 1, be combustion efficiency.
In this embodiment, be provided with the fuel modifier 52 that the fuel F to the anode 11 of supplying with above-mentioned fuel cell 1 carries out modification.Be provided with between the downstream of the negative electrode 12 of this fuel modifier 52 and fuel cell 1 and discharge gas branch path 53, a part of G20 of the emission gases G1 of the high temperature that will supply with to burner 2 from negative electrode 12 send into fuel modifier 52, carry out the modification of fuel F.
In addition, be provided with the air preheater 54 that the air A1 that supplies with above-mentioned air supply passageway 51 is carried out preheating, and between this air preheater 54 and above-mentioned fuel modifier 52, be provided with emission gases path 55, by in air preheater 54 with from the discharge gas G21 of fuel modifier 52, carrying out heat exchange and air A1 is carried out preheating, this air A1 through preheating is supplied with to burner 2 from air supply passageway 51.Thus, can further improve combustion efficiency in the burner 2.For fuel F, in fuel modifier 52, be used to make it to be decomposed into CO, H from the discharge gas G20 of negative electrode 12 as the natural gas
2Fueling battery 1 Deng gas and after the modification.
In addition, be provided with the discharge gas heat-exchanger 56 that carries out heat exchange between from the discharge gas G3 of compressor 4 and discharge gas G 5 from turbine 3.The discharge gas G3 of the high temperature that turbine 3 discharged is through carrying out heat exchange and low temperatureization at discharge gas heat-exchanger 56.Have again, between above-mentioned discharge gas heat-exchanger 56 and compressor 4, dispose the cooler 57 of water spray type, will discharge gas G4 and in this cooler 57, cool off and make it to supply with after further reducing temperature compressor 4.Thus, can reduce the compression power of compressor 4.In addition, the discharge gas G5 that compressor 4 is discharged, the discharge gas G3 of the high temperature that its temperature is discharged because of turbine 3 in discharging gas heat-exchanger 56 raises, and the discharge gas G22 after this temperature raises supplies with to the negative electrode 12 of fuel cell 1.Thus, the generating efficiency of fuel cell 1 is further improved.At this moment, also can be designed to its heat is used for the modification of fuel F with carrying to above-mentioned fuel modifier 52 shown in the dotted line of Fig. 8 to the part of the discharge gas G22 of negative electrode 12 supplies from above-mentioned discharge gas heat-exchanger 56.
Below, the state variation of the gaseous emission that the related hybrid system of the 8th execution mode of Fig. 8 is carried out is enumerated concrete data and is described.Below the unit of data, P (pressure) is bar, T (temperature) is ℃ that G (flow) is kg/h.Data when following data are monocell generated output 250kW, device generated output 300kW.
Fuel F (1.08P, 32.0T, 120G) is through being sent to the anode 11 of fuel cell 1 after above-mentioned fuel modifier 52 modifications, the emission gases G1a from anode 11 dischargings after generating electricity in this fuel cell 1 supplies to burning the burner 2 with the discharge gas G1c from negative electrode 12.At this moment, the fuel F1 that carries from fuel modifier 52 anode 11 is 1.06P, 580T, 120G, is 1.05P, 650T, 620G from the discharge gas G1a of anode 11, is 1.05P, 650T, 2500G from the discharge gas G1c of negative electrode 12.With these discharge gas G1a, G1c supplied burner 2 from anode 11 and negative electrode 12, carry to fuel modifier 52 from discharging gas branch path 53 from the part of the discharge gas G1c of negative electrode 12, with its heat energy fuel is carried out modification.The discharge gas G1c that supplies with to burner 2 is 1.04P, 650T, 1180G, and the discharge gas G20 that carries to fuel modifier 52 is 1.04P, 650T, 1320G.The discharge gas G2 that carries to turbine 3 from burner 2 is 0.99P, 820T, 3000G, the discharge gas G3 that discharges from the outlet of turbine 3 is 0.33P, 600T, 3000G, from discharging the discharge gas G4 that gas heat-exchanger 56 carries to compressor 4 through cooler 57 is 0.31P, 40.0T, 3000G, and the back temperature in discharging gas heat-exchanger 56 of coming out from compressor 4 raises and then the discharge gas G22 that carries to negative electrode 12 from emission gases path 50 is 1.06P, 580T, 3000G.
The air A1 that sends in the air preheater 54 is 1.01P, 25.0T, 1200G, from above-mentioned fuel modifier 52 by and the discharge gas G21 of the heat exchange of participation and air A1 be 1.02P, 414T, 1414G, the preheated air A1 that carries to burner 2 from above-mentioned air supply passageway 51 is 1.00P, 400T, 1200G.Like this, the generated output that has obtained fuel cell 1 is that 250kW, generating efficiency are that the generated output of 48.0%LHV, hybrid system integral body is that 300kW, generating efficiency are the high efficiency electricity generation system of a kind of so high output of 57.6%LHV.
Fig. 9 illustrates the related fuel cell of the present invention's the 9th execution mode and the hybrid system of constant pressure turbine.Fuel cell 1 is the SOFC type.With respect to the 8th execution mode of Fig. 8, be provided with in this hybrid system from above-mentioned air supply passageway 51 branches and battery that the part of air A1 is supplied with to the negative electrode 12 of above-mentioned fuel cell 1 with air flue 58.In addition, with the two bifurcation of air flue 58, be provided with the adjustment valve 59 that the air distribution amount of two paths 51,58 is adjusted at above-mentioned air supply passageway 51 and battery.
According to this formation, the part of the air A1 that will pass through from above-mentioned air supply passageway 51 is by the negative electrode 12 of battery with air flue 58 fueling batteries 1.Though the negative electrode 12 of SOFC type fuel cell does not need CO
2, but need a large amount of O
2, thereby along with the increase generating efficiency of amount of oxygen improves.In addition, by above-mentioned adjustment valve 59 is set, capacity that can fuel cell 1 is supplied with an amount of air, and the efficient of fuel cell 1 is improved.But also kind that can fuel cell 1 is adjusted the supply of air.For example, in the occasion of using MCFC type fuel cell, for the high efficiency generating needs a large amount of CO
2, therefore,, can make through its pressure of above-mentioned compressor 4 back that raises high as far as possible from the concentration of the discharge gas G22 that discharges gas passage 50 conveyings by above-mentioned adjustment valve 59 is adjusted to stop or reducing the supply of air A1.On the other hand, in the occasion of using SOFC type fuel cell, because of not needing CO
2So, can be with more air A1 fueling battery 1 by the adjustment of above-mentioned adjustment valve 59.Above-mentioned adjustment valve 59 is not to use, for example, also can be designed to conduct and use air flue 58 to use the different pipe arrangement of bores etc., the air capacity separately that arrives in burner 2 and the fuel cell 1 be adjusted with this from burner 2 one sides and the battery of the above-mentioned air supply passageway 51 of adjustment valve 59 branches.
In the respective embodiments described above, turbine 3 links to each other by same rotating shaft 10 with compressor 4, but the two is not to link to each other by axle, also can be designed to the motor of other setting etc. compressor 4 be driven.
Claims (12)
1. the hybrid system of fuel cell and constant pressure turbine is characterized in that, comprising:
Burner makes the battery emission gases burning of normal pressure, high-temperature fuel cell discharging;
Turbine makes the burning gases that are roughly normal pressure of said burner discharging be expanded to negative pressure;
Heat exchanger carries out heat exchange between the air from the low temperature of the discharge gas of the high temperature of above-mentioned turbine and fueling battery;
Compressor makes from above-mentioned turbine discharge and the pressure of the gas carry out heat exchange heat exchanger after raises.
2. the hybrid system of fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 and constant pressure turbine is characterized in that, sneaks in the air of above-mentioned low temperature from the discharge gas of above-mentioned compressor.
3. the hybrid system of fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 and constant pressure turbine is characterized in that, also has cooler, and the discharge gas that comes out from above-mentioned heat exchanger is cooled off and supplies with above-mentioned compressor.
4. the hybrid system of fuel cell as claimed in claim 3 and constant pressure turbine, it is characterized in that, also have the 2nd compressor and the 2nd cooler, described the 2nd compressor and the coaxial setting of above-mentioned compressor, discharge gas from compressor is compressed, and described the 2nd cooler cools off the discharge gas of supplying with the 2nd compressor.
5. the hybrid system of fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 and constant pressure turbine, it is characterized in that, also have evaporator and modification device, described evaporator reclaims heat to generate steam from the discharge gas of above-mentioned turbine discharging, described modification device is supplied with above-mentioned fuel cell after adopting above-mentioned steam to make fuel reforming.
6. the hybrid system of fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 and constant pressure turbine is characterized in that, also has air and imports tributary circuit, and the part of air of supplying with above-mentioned fuel cell is imported in the said burner.
7. the hybrid system of fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 and constant pressure turbine is characterized in that, also has fuel feeder, supplies with and the different fuel of above-mentioned battery emission gases to said burner.
8. the hybrid system of fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 and constant pressure turbine, it is characterized in that, with above-mentioned turbine as the 1st turbine, and have the 2nd turbine and the 2nd burner, described the 2nd turbine and the coaxial setting of above-mentioned the 1st turbine, discharge gas from the 2nd turbine is burned in described the 2nd burner, and above-mentioned the 1st turbine is supplied with in the burning back, supplies with above-mentioned heat exchanger from the discharge gas of above-mentioned the 1st turbine.
9. the hybrid system of fuel cell and constant pressure turbine is characterized in that, comprising:
Burner makes the battery emission gases burning of normal pressure, high-temperature fuel cell discharging;
Turbine makes the burning gases that are roughly normal pressure of said burner discharging be expanded to negative pressure;
Compressor raises pressure from the discharge gas of above-mentioned turbine and supplies with above-mentioned fuel cell;
The air supply passageway is to the said burner air supply.
10. the hybrid system of fuel cell as claimed in claim 9 and constant pressure turbine is characterized in that, also has the discharge gas heat-exchanger, carries out heat exchange between from the discharge gas of above-mentioned compressor and the discharge gas from turbine.
11. the hybrid system of fuel cell as claimed in claim 9 and constant pressure turbine is characterized in that, also has the battery air flue, from above-mentioned air supply passageway top set, part of air is supplied with above-mentioned fuel cell.
12. the hybrid system of fuel cell as claimed in claim 11 and constant pressure turbine is characterized in that, also has the adjustment valve, is arranged on above-mentioned air supply passageway and the battery bifurcation with air flue, and the air distribution amount of two paths is adjusted.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003186933 | 2003-06-30 | ||
| JP186933/2003 | 2003-06-30 | ||
| JP062096/2004 | 2004-03-05 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1816934A CN1816934A (en) | 2006-08-09 |
| CN100433433C true CN100433433C (en) | 2008-11-12 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004800185642A Expired - Fee Related CN100433433C (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2004-06-29 | Fuel cell/constant pressure turbine/hybrid system |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN100433433C (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7559394B2 (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2009-07-14 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Energy recovery system |
| CN100428553C (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-10-22 | 上海交通大学 | Mixed driving coordination control system of the high-temperature fuel battery |
| DE102008049689A1 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-01 | Daimler Ag | An air supply device for a fuel cell stack, fuel cell system and method for operating an air supply device |
| CN106945560B (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2023-08-15 | 吉林大学 | Energy recovery structure of exhaust system of fuel cell vehicle |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0845523A (en) * | 1994-08-03 | 1996-02-16 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Fuel cell/gas turbine combined generation system |
| WO1998029918A1 (en) * | 1996-12-31 | 1998-07-09 | Ztek Corporation | Pressurized, integrated electrochemical converter energy system |
| US5968680A (en) * | 1997-09-10 | 1999-10-19 | Alliedsignal, Inc. | Hybrid electrical power system |
| US20020163819A1 (en) * | 2000-11-07 | 2002-11-07 | Treece William A. | Hybrid microturbine/fuel cell system providing air contamination control |
-
2004
- 2004-06-29 CN CNB2004800185642A patent/CN100433433C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0845523A (en) * | 1994-08-03 | 1996-02-16 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Fuel cell/gas turbine combined generation system |
| WO1998029918A1 (en) * | 1996-12-31 | 1998-07-09 | Ztek Corporation | Pressurized, integrated electrochemical converter energy system |
| US5968680A (en) * | 1997-09-10 | 1999-10-19 | Alliedsignal, Inc. | Hybrid electrical power system |
| US20020163819A1 (en) * | 2000-11-07 | 2002-11-07 | Treece William A. | Hybrid microturbine/fuel cell system providing air contamination control |
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|---|---|
| CN1816934A (en) | 2006-08-09 |
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