CN100431309C - Spanning tree detour method and device - Google Patents
Spanning tree detour method and device Download PDFInfo
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- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/48—Routing tree calculation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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Abstract
A route bypassing a root node is constructed in a network in which a spanning tree is formed. A received frame is sent out on a designated port as well as on a root port by using a designated-port data send-out function, provided that a transmitting port for the received frame is learned on the root port. When a frame is received on a blocking port, a transmitting port for a frame whose destination matches the source address of the received frame is temporarily learned on the blocking port by using a blocking-port learning function, on the condition that the destination of the received frame is already learned on some other port. When a frame whose destination matches the temporarily learned address is received, the temporary learning is changed to normal learning by using a temporarily learned address-based data transfer function.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and apparatus that generates tree of structure in one network that is used to walk around.
In recent years the Internet increase the needs that caused wide area LAN rapidly, promptly utilize wide area LAN to construct a network, as at a company or one network in the domestic consumer provides the supplier of Internet service in a kind of mode of cheapness.
In order to realize this, must in a wide area LAN, construct a ratio tradition and generate the more effective generation tree of tree so that effectively utilize Internet resources.
Background technology
In a LAN, can use tree structured network that does not comprise circulation of Spanning-Tree Protocol (Spanning TreeProtocol below is abbreviated as STP) structure with a plurality of joint structures.STP is defined as an a kind of important protocol that requires function in IEEE802.ID-1998.
Network based on the STP structure can not be carried out the port blocked that data send by being provided with, and has the no circulation tree structure that a place, summit at it has a root node.
For example, in Fig. 1,, bridger 1 is determined as root node according to a kind of regulation rule by between bridger, exchanging BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit, bridge protocol data unit) message.At this moment, be connected in by this figure in the port on each section of the straightway definition the bridger 1 to 6, the port of close root node is determined as a designated port by the indication of the filled black square among this figure.In addition, in the port on each bridger, the port of close root node is determined as a root port by the indication of the solid black circles among this figure.Other neither designated port neither a root port any port be a port blocked, it is in the figure by a mark indication.Like this, formed a generation tree of representing by thick line in the figure.
Though being set, this port blocked helps preventing circulation, but owing to existing the route be not used to cause following point: (i) since traffic concentration at the root node place, so take place congested near the root node, if (ii) have one than the better route of route through root node, a then such route is not used, this causes the service efficiency of Internet resources low, and (iii) since result (i) and (ii) postpone.
In order to address these problems, publication number is that the Japanese uncensored patent application of 11-355337 openly proposes to make a route that is not used in a tree structure to use, so that can transmit data by walking around root node.
As shown in Figure 2, according to the technology that in above-mentioned disclosing, proposes, use in the network that generates the tree structure at one, the node (for example, bridger 4) with a port blocked sends a bypass route to a destination node (bridger 3) and sets up request (bypass request) 10.The node that receives this bypass request rewrites routing table according to the routing information that is included in this bypass request.Then, by comprising the routing information of a relevant designated port therein, a bypass response 12 is turned back to requesting node.The node that receives this bypass response rewrites routing table according to the routing information that is included in this response, and by the bypass route of using such structure data is sent to destination node.
Above-mentioned bypass route constructing method is because underlying cause is unpractical.
Use in the network that generates the tree structure at one, address learning is an indispensable and important function, and uses one of this functional configuration to be used for transmitting of recognition purpose ground.Yet, in above method, do not mention address learning (address learning), but it has only been explained based on bypass route of STP information structuring; If in beginning is actual when sending data by above method construct bypass route, then because address learning is not considered, and be actually can not this bypass route of use, so do not know on which bypass route, to send data.Do not know to send this bypass request when yet.Be sent out when identifying port blocked if suppose this bypass request, then the information that will exchange between bridger also is not created at that time; On the other hand, if supposing this request is sent out when address learning is finished, then this will mean bypass request of transmission when each the node executive address study in network, and when the offered load of considering each node and disposal ability, it is unpractical sending the bypass request so continually.
Therefore, utilize above prior art, use a bypass route to be practically impossible.
In addition, routing table of method supposition described above keeps destination network (LAN), specification, and in that node place management next node information; Yet, though it is possible keeping this information at the 3rd layer, but belong to which network (LAN) at the 2nd layer of there is no telling destination address, and in addition, exchange at routing information between the node is not performed (undefined in IEEE 802.ID), so an in fact such routing table can not be used at the 2nd layer.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, an object of the present invention is:, solve three problems described above by forming a bypass route based on address learning and sending data via this bypass route.
The invention provides a kind of generation tree and walk around method, may further comprise the steps: if learn so that on root port, send any frame that goes to first address, so in first node, receiving its destination address is first address and its source address when being first frame of second address, sends this first frame on a designated port and this root port; And on a port blocked, receiving in the Section Point of this first frame, when being second frame of second address, on port blocked, sends its destination address of reception second frame.
Preferably, the port blocked forwarding step comprises following substep: when receiving first frame on port blocked, carry out study temporarily, so that send any frame that goes to second address on port blocked; And when its destination address of reception is second frame of second address,, on port blocked, send second frame by temporary transient study is switched to normal study.
Which preferably, in temporary transient learning procedure, carrying out about will under the condition of the study of sending the frame that goes to first address on the port, carrying out study temporarily.
The present invention also provides a kind of generation tree to walk around device, comprise: filter control section (28), if learn so that on root port, send any frame that goes to first address, receiving its destination address when being first frame of first address so, notification data transmits control section (24) and send this first frame on a designated port and this root port; And
Temporary transient address learning control section (32) when receiving its source address when being second frame of second address on port blocked, is carried out and is temporarily learnt so that send any frame that goes to second address on this port blocked; Wherein
When receiving its destination address when being the 3rd frame of second address, described filtration control section (28) switches to normal study to temporary transient study.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 has shown a figure who generates tree who constructs in a network;
Fig. 2 walks around method according to a kind of generation tree of prior art;
Fig. 3 is used to illustrate according to a kind of figure that tree is walked around method and apparatus that generates of the present invention;
The block diagram of Fig. 4 has shown as realizing that generation tree among the present invention walks around the configuration of a bridge device of an apparatus embodiments of method;
Fig. 5 is the figure that has shown the details of a network example that wherein forms a generation tree;
Fig. 6 has shown first processing of the address learning in the network of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is the flow chart that has shown the processing of carrying out in a receiving port status indicator part 20;
Fig. 8 has shown the flow chart that reportedly send the processing of carrying out in the control section 24 in a number;
Fig. 9 has shown the flow chart that filters first's processing of carrying out in the control section 28 at;
Figure 10 is the flow chart that has shown the second portion processing of carrying out in this filtration control section 28;
Figure 11 is the flow chart that has shown the third part processing of carrying out in this filtration control section 28;
Figure 12 is the flow chart that has shown the 4th section processes of carrying out in this filtration control section 28;
Figure 13 is the flow chart that has shown the 5th section processes of carrying out in this filtration control section 28;
Figure 14 is the flow chart that has shown the processing of carrying out in a transmit port status indicator part 26;
Figure 15 is the flow chart that has shown the processing of carrying out in a temporary transient address learning control section 32;
Figure 16 has shown second processing of the address learning in the network of Fig. 5;
Figure 17 is the figure that is used to illustrate up to the processing procedure of temporary transient study;
Figure 18 is the figure that is used to illustrate up to the processing procedure that forms a bypass route; And
Figure 19 is the figure that is used to illustrate the operation when increasing terminal after forming the bypass route.
Embodiment
Fig. 3 is used to illustrate according to a kind of figure that tree is walked around an embodiment of method that generates of the present invention.Shown in Fig. 3 (a), utilize bridger 1 to 6 and one of the section structure that between them, connects the generation tree of bridger 1 as root node.Carried out address learning in this supposition at each bridger place.
When sending a frame that is addressed to terminal A from terminal B, this frame transmits by bridger 6, and arrives bridger 3.According to the method among the present invention, make when sending any frame that is addressed to terminal A on the root port (by solid black circles ● indication) at it when carry out study at bridger 3 places, on root port, send this frame, meanwhile, this frame is also on a designated port, preferably (by filled black square indication) (designated port data transport functions 14) is issued on all designated ports.In other cases, promptly when the port that is used for the data transmission of study is a designated port, only on the port of that study, send this frame.
At bridger 2 and 4 places, the frame that sends from the designated port on bridger 3 is received at corresponding port blocked (*).At this moment, according to the present invention, carrying out about will be when which port sends the study of a frame of address of its matching destination address terminal A (destination of institute's received frame), port blocked is temporarily learnt the port (the temporary transient learning functionality 16 of port blocked) as a frame of the address that will send its matching destination address terminal B (source of institute's received frame) thereon.
Then, when sending a frame that is addressed to terminal B from terminal A, shown in Fig. 3 (b), bridger 4 switches to normal study to the learning state of port blocked from temporary transient study, be that port blocked is learnt as will sending arbitrary that port that is addressed to the frame of terminal B thereon, and on this port blocked, send the frame that received (based on the data transport functions 18 of the address of temporary transient study).
Therefore, this frame 6 sends via bridger 3 from bridger 4 to bridger on the bypass route, and incoming terminal B.This bypass route also is used for the frame that sends along rightabout from terminal B to terminal A by study.
As mentioned above, when the study of having carried out about a frame of the address that will on which port, send its matching destination address terminal A, carry out study temporarily; The reason of doing like this is by confirming that this node is through a node in the primary routing of root node, sets up a bypass route that is used for primary routing in a kind of reliable mode.In addition, reason till learning state remains in " temporary transient study " state when the frame that is addressed to terminal B in opposite direction arrives is: by distinguishing it and normal learning state, for a frame that postpones via root node to arrive, can prevent that the study of bypass route from being rewritten by normal study.
Above function there is no need to provide in forming all nodes that generate tree; In the example of Fig. 3,, can realize that then the frame of walking around root node transmits if providing above function in node 3 and the node 4 at least.
Fig. 4 has shown to have as one and has been used to realize that the above-mentioned generation tree of walking around method walks around the configuration of a bridge device of the apparatus embodiments of function.
Receiving port status indicator part 20 signs receive the state of that port of data thereon, and reportedly send according to the state actual figure that is identified.If this state is a blocked state, then address information also is sent to a temporary transient address learning control section 32.
Data transmit control section 24 and reportedly send control operation according to the routing information actual figure that provides from a filtration control section 28 (being described after a while).
If have be used for a port blocked one normal study clauses and subclauses, then transmit port status indicator part 26 use these port blockeds forcibly actual figure reportedly give.
In addition, determine whether destination address has temporarily been learnt on port blocked, and if it temporarily learnt, then learning state is switched to normal learning state, and is imported in the normal learning database.
Address learning control section 30 is associated with its receiving port transmitting the data source address that receives on the port a study port or one, and creates a database that is used to filter control.
Temporary transient address learning control section 32 is according to the up-to-date functional block that provides of the present invention; When determining when the destination address of the frame that is received on the port blocked has been learnt on certain other port, temporary transient address learning control section 32 is associated its source address with the reception congestion port, and create a temporary transient learning database 36, will be based on bypass route of this database initialize.
According to the present invention, operate in the network of each node place by a generation tree of exchange BPDU message constructing in the Spanning-Tree Protocol that has by STP control section 22, can be implemented in the address learning on root port and the designated port by use the function of address learning control section 30 in common mode.Utilize the execution of this address learning, by the function that provides in filtering control section 28 is provided, data can also be sent to designated port, utilize this function, when the port of being learnt is root port, notification data transmits control section 24 and also these data is sent to designated port, i.e. the designated port data transport functions 14 (Fig. 3) of node 3.If be connected on the node 3 specified circuit by the port of node 4 of end opposite be in blocked state, then receiving port status indicator part 20 is sent to temporary transient address learning control section 32 to address information in node 4.Temporary transient address learning control section 32 determines whether the destination address (address of terminal A) of received data has been learnt on certain other port of node 4, if it has been learnt on certain other port, then use the temporary transient learning functionality 16 of port blocked temporarily to learn its source address (address of terminal B).Under this condition (in the address of temporarily having learnt terminal B on the port blocked of node 4), when node 4 receives when being addressed to the data of B from A, by function that provides in filtering control section 28 and the function that provides in transmit port status indicator part 26 data transport functions 18 of temporary transient learned addresses (promptly based on) are provided, these data can be sent out via port blocked, wherein when on port blocked temporarily during learned addresses, by the function that in filtering control section 28, provides, temporary transient learning state is switched to normal learning state, and notification data transmission control section 24 is sent to port blocked to these data; If normal study clauses and subclauses that are used for port blocked are arranged, function then by in transmit port status indicator part 26, providing, these data are forced to be sent to port blocked.In this way, use traditional bridge functionality, the specified circuit that node 3 can identification terminal A be positioned at node 4 by end opposite, and therefore can use that port (being the bypass route) to send data.
Fig. 5 has shown the detailed structure with a network of bridger structure, wherein generates tree according to one and determines the path.In Fig. 5,, construct one the generation tree of bridger N1 with thick line as shown in the figure as the root bridger by using traditional Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) processing capacity, promptly passing through exchange BPDU message.Section of every fine rule indication with a port blocked.N1 specifies the bridger that forms this network to N10.P1 is illustrated in port on the corresponding port to P28.A and B represent that frame sends terminal, and a and their MAC Address of b indication.The root port of solid black circles indication on each bridger represents that this port is in forwarding state.The designated port of filled black square indication on each section represents that this port is in forwarding state.Indicate * port be the port that is in blocked state.
Because the present invention uses main signal structure bypass route, thus not influenced as BPDU message of a STP control signal transmissions/receptions, and even for the bridger that the present invention is employed, also can construct generation and set in common mode.
For the present invention is worked, the bridger place executive address study at the bypass route two ends that will construct need be positioned at.At first, will provide description with the time sequencing that frame transmits, with explanation as how common mode come executive address study by transmitting frame α and β, and how to realize the function that increases in the present invention and do not influence traditional function.At this moment, the temporary transient learning functionality 16 of designated port data transport functions 14, port blocked in Fig. 3 and why do not carry out based on the data transport functions 18 of temporary transient learned addresses also will be described.
Fig. 6 shown ought be at first from terminal B to the transmission result of terminal A transmit frame α time frame α at each bridger.Bridger N10 is received frame α on its port P28, and via port P26 the frame α with source address b and destination address a is sent to bridger N6.Do not describe transfer operation at this, but will be described in greater detail in conjunction with next bridger N6.
Below illustrated how can carry out the transmission of frame α and the study of address b at bridger N6 place, and why designated port data transport functions 14 is not carried out (unless having carried out address learning) in common mode.When the port P20 place received frame α of bridger N6 at it, receiving port status indicator part 20 is by using receiving port number as receiving port status indicator table 38 of search key reference, and the state of foundation process identification receiving port as shown in Figure 7, wherein the content of receiving port status indicator table 38 is as shown in table 1.
Table 1. receiving port status indicator table 38 (N6)
Attention:
*1: dead status is 1, otherwise is 0.
*2: have only when not being in the dead status just effective.Blocked state is 0, and the state of listening to is 1, and learning state is 2, and forwarding state is 3.
*3: just effective when having only in being in blocked state.If a bypass route arranged then be 1, if do not have the bypass route then be 0.
In Fig. 7, be the treatment step that increases in the present invention by the step of dotted line; According to table 1, because port P20 is in forwarding state, so in order in step 1000, processed frame α in 1002,1004,1008,1010 and 1012, and it is sent to data transmits control section 24.Simultaneously, send source MAC and port information (step 1010) from receiving port status indicator part 20 to address learning control section 30.Therefore, there is the equipment with MAC Address b in study under port P20, and the result who is learnt is imported in the normal learning database 34, and this normal learning database 34 is shown in following table 2.(this shows that the increase function that provides does not influence common learning functionality in receiving port status indicator part 20.)
The normal learning database 34 (N6) of table 2.
Attention:
*1: dead status is 1, otherwise is 0.
*2: have only when not being in the dead status just effective.Blocked state is 0, and the state of listening to is 1, and learning state is 2, and forwarding state is 3.
*3: have only when not being in the dead status just effective.Root port is 1, otherwise is 0.
*4: have only when not being in the dead status just effective.Designated port is 1, otherwise is 0.
*5: being 0 in the time of in being in permanent learning state from the outset, is 1 when switching from temporary transient learning state.
*6:, then be 1, otherwise be 0 if once the destination MAC Address had been used the bypass route as sending source terminal.
*7: being 1 when being relearned from the root port to the designated port, is 0 when being learnt on designated port from the outset.
Data transmit control section 24 and handle according to the flow performing among Fig. 8; That is, data transmission control section 24 is that port P20 and its destination address are path (study) information (step 1104) of the frame of a to filtering relevant its receiving port of control section 28 inquiries.According to the flow process among Fig. 9, filter control section 28 at first by using receiving port number as search key, with reference to receiving port status indicator table 38, and the state of sign receiving port.Can have the information of increase as the port status of header message rather than a search receiving port status indicator table 38 from what data transmitted that control section 24 is sent in that this frame begins.In the example of this demonstration, because port P20 is in the forwarding state, so according to the flow process that in Figure 10 and 11, shows, destination MAC Address by using institute's received frame is as search key, by normal learning database 34 of reference and temporary transient learning database 36, carry out the routing information retrieval, wherein the content of normal learning database 34 is as shown in table 2, and the content of temporary transient learning database 36 is as shown in table 3.
The temporary transient learning database 36 (N6) of table 3.
Attention:
*1: dead status is 1, otherwise is 0.
*2: have only when not being in the dead status just effective.Blocked state is 0, and the state of listening to is 1, and learning state is 2, and forwarding state is 3.
In Figure 10, be the flow process that increases in the present invention by the handling process of dotted line; According to table 2 and table 3, because address a is not only learnt but also temporarily do not learnt on arbitrary port, so handle by the step 1200 in Figure 10 and 11,1202,1204,1206 and the order of D carry out, and the port map information that indication is broadcast to all of the port that is different from receiving port passed to data transmit control section 24.(this shows that the increase function that provides in the control section 28 is being provided does not influence common filtering function when not having executive address study.)
According to the port reflection, data transmit control section 24 and duplicate this frame α, and this copy is sent to the transmit port status indicator part 26 (in the step 1108 of Fig. 8) that is used for port P17, port P18 and port P19 respectively.
The transmit port status indicator part 26 that is used for each port is by using the transmitting terminal slogan as search key, with reference to a transmit port status indicator table 40, and the state of foundation this port of process identification as shown in figure 14, wherein the content of transmit port status indicator table 40 is as shown in table 4.According to table 4 because port P17, P18 and P19 are in the forwarding state, proceed to step 1302 from step 1300 so handle, and from all three ports transmit frame α.
Table 4. transmit port status indicator table 40
Attention:
*1: dead status is 1, otherwise is 0.
*2: have only when not being in the dead status just effective.Blocked state is 0, and the state of listening to is 1, and learning state is 2, and forwarding state is 3.
*The 3:MAC address switches to permanent study from temporary transient study.
Go back to Fig. 6, the frame α that sends from port P17 is received by the port P12 on bridger N5, and by the processing identical with the processing of in bridger N6, carrying out from it port P11 and P13 send.
Carried out address learning otherwise explanation that the temporary transient learning functionality 16 of port blocked in Fig. 3 is not carried out unless what will be given at this.The frame α that sends from port P18 and P19 is respectively by receiving at the port P15 on the bridger N7 and the port P22 on bridger N8, and the receiving port state is identified according to the flow process among Fig. 7 by the receiving port status indicator part 20 that receives at each in bridger.At this moment, execution in step 1000,1002,1004 and 1006 in order, and address information is passed to temporary transient address learning control section 32; Yet, in temporary transient address learning control section 32, because destination address a normally do not learnt on arbitrary other port, so according to as shown in figure 15 flow process execution in step 1400,1402,1404 and 1412 in order, and do not carry out temporary transient study.In addition, in filtering control section 28, determine that frame α has been received by port blocked, and therefore frame α is abandoned according to the step 1502 and 1508 in Figure 13.This shows that common blocking function works when not constructing a bypass route.
After this, repeat identical processing, and by through bridger N2, bridger N1, bridger N3, bridger N4, bridger N7 and bridger N9 frame α being forwarded to terminal A in order.
In above processing procedure, at the port P28 on the bridger N10, at the port P20 on the bridger N6, at the port P12 on the bridger N5, at the port P8 on the bridger N2, at the port P2 on the bridger N1, at the port P3 on the bridger N3, at the port P9 on the bridger N4, at the port P14 on the bridger N7, at the address b of port P24 on the bridger N9 and the port P21 learning terminal B on bridger N8.The transmission of the frame α that carries out on each port and the learning outcome of MAC Address b are as shown in Figure 6.For example, " P20-(b) " in the figure shows that port P20 has learnt the MAC Address b of terminal B.
Next, to illustrate as shown in figure 16 when terminal A at first sends the frame β (as the response to frame α) that is addressed to terminal B, how data transport functions 18 based on temporary transient learned addresses is not carried out, and promptly how to transmit frame β and learns this address a and do not influence common blocking function.
Bridger N9 is received frame β on its port P25; At this moment, owing to learnt on port P24 at the MAC Address b from terminal B terminal B during terminal A transmits frame α as mentioned above, so send frame β to bridger N7 with source address a and destination address b from port P24.
Bridger N7 is received frame β on its port P16.Port P15 is a port blocked, but does not carry out temporary transient study on this port; Therefore, from the port P14 of learned addresses b thereon, send frame β.This means that common blocking function works.
After this, utilize and the identical processing of performed processing in bridger N9 and N7, by passing through bridger N4, bridger N3, bridger N1, bridger N2, bridger N5, bridger N6 and bridger N10 in order to terminal B transmit frame β.
In above processing procedure, at the port P25 on the bridger N9, at the port P16 on the bridger N7, at the port P10 on the bridger N4, at the port P5 on the bridger N3, at the port P1 on the bridger N1, at the port P6 on the bridger N2, at the port P11 on the bridger N5, at the address a of port P17 on the bridger N6 and the port P26 learning terminal A on bridger N10.At the learning outcome that transmits the MAC Address a that on each port, carries out during the frame β as shown in figure 16.
Above result is identical with the frame transmission result that obtains in the prior art network with the bridger structure, wherein in the prior art network, generate tree and determine the path according to one, therefore as can be seen, can carry out two-way address learning and not be subjected to increasing in the present invention the influence of function.It also shows, does not construct a bypass route when not having executive address study.
Next, referring to Figure 17, with explanation the address of terminal A and B on each bridger in this path all by study after, by the function that increases among the present invention, how designated port and bridger N7 that how bridger N6 also is sent to it to data carry out temporary transient study, the i.e. temporary transient learning functionality 16 of designated port data transport functions 14 in Fig. 3 and port blocked on its port P15.
In Figure 17, when sending a frame γ who is addressed to terminal A from terminal B, bridger N10 receives this frame on its port P28, and according to address learning, sends the frame γ with source address b and destination address a to bridger N6.Can not describe transfer operation at this, but will be described in greater detail in conjunction with next bridger N6.
Next, will illustrate how designated port data transport functions 14 is carried out in bridger N6.
When the port P20 place received frame γ of bridger N6 at it, receiving port status indicator part 20 is by using receiving port number as search key, with reference to receiving port status indicator table 38, and the state of foundation process identification receiving port as shown in Figure 7, wherein the content of receiving port status indicator table 38 is as shown in table 1.According to table 1, because port P20 is in forwarding state, so in order in step 1000, processed frame γ in 1002,1004,1008,1010 and 1012, and it is sent to data transmits control section 24.At this moment, the relearning of executive address b in address learning control section 30.
Data transmit control section 24 and handle according to the flow performing among Fig. 8; That is, relevant its receiving port of data transmission control section 24 inquiry in filtering control section 28 is that port P20 and its destination address are path (study) information (step 1104) of the frame of a.Same mode with received frame α the time is filtered control section 28 at first by using receiving port number as search key, with reference to receiving port status indicator table 38, and carries out as shown in Figure 9 processing.In this is handled, owing to find that port P20 is one and transmits port, so handle the flow process of branch transition in Figure 10, wherein pass through to use the destination MAC Address of institute's received frame as search key, with reference to normal learning database 34 and temporary transient learning database 36, carry out the routing information retrieval.In Figure 10 and 11, because the normal study of executive address a on root port, so set by step 1200,1210,1212,1214 and the order of F handle, and transmit control section 24 having indicated the port map information that data are sent to the root port learnt and designated port to be delivered to data.
According to the port reflection, data transmit control section 24 and duplicate this frame γ, and this copy is sent to the transmit port status indicator part 26 that is used for port P17, port P18 and port P19 respectively.The transmit port status indicator part 26 that is used for each port passes through to use the transmitting terminal slogan as search key, with reference to transmit port status indicator table 40, and the state of foundation this port of process identification as shown in figure 14.Because port P17, P18 and P19 are in forwarding state, proceed to step 1302 so handle from step 1300, and from all three ports transmit frame γ.
The frame γ that sends from port P17 is received at the port P12 of bridger N5, and according to address learning the frame that is received is sent from port P11.
To be given in the explanation that how the temporary transient learning functionality 16 of port blocked is carried out among the bridger N7 (with bridger N8).
The frame γ that sends from port P18 and P19 is respectively by receiving at the port P15 on the bridger N7 and the port P22 on bridger N8, and the receiving port state is identified according to the flow process among Fig. 7 by the receiving port status indicator part 20 that receives at each in bridger.No matter because receiving port all is in blocked state under which kind of situation, so address information (being destination address, source address and receiving port information) is delivered to temporary transient address learning control section 32 (step 1006).(, abandon frame γ according to by the processing among the Figure 12 and 13 that filters control section 28 execution.That is to say that common blocking function works.)
As search key, reference is learning database 34 normally by application target ground MAC Address for temporary transient address learning control section 32, and determines whether and will temporarily learn that wherein the content of normal learning database 34 is as shown in table 5 according to the flow process among Figure 15.Because destination address a has been learnt on port P16, so 1400,1402,1404,1406 and 1410 order is handled set by step, and source address b is temporarily learnt on port P15, and is imported in the temporary transient learning database 36 as shown in table 6.
The permanent learning database 34 (N7) of table 5.
Attention:
*1: dead status is 1, otherwise is 0.
*2: have only when not being in the dead status just effective.Blocked state is 0, and the state of listening to is 1, and learning state is 2, and forwarding state is 3.
*3: have only when not being in the dead status just effective.Root port is 1, otherwise is 0.
*4: have only when not being in the dead status just effective.Designated port is 1, otherwise is 0.
*5: being 0 in the time of in being in permanent learning state from the outset, is 1 when switching from temporary transient learning state.
*6:, then be 1, otherwise be 0 if once the destination MAC Address had been used the bypass route as sending source terminal.
*7: being 1 when being relearned from the root port to the designated port, is 0 when being learnt on designated port from the outset.
The temporary transient learning database 36 (N7) of table 6.
Attention:
*1: dead status is 1, otherwise is 0.
*2: have only when not being in the dead status just effective.Blocked state is 0, and the state of listening to is 1, and learning state is 2, and forwarding state is 3.
In bridger N2, when received frame γ on port P8, frame γ also is sent to port P7, just look like carry out in bridger N6 such, and in bridger N3, source address b is temporarily learnt on port P4, just looks like such in bridger N7.(be discarded in port P4 and go up the frame γ that receives.)
After this, pass through bridger N1, bridger N3 in order, bridger N4, bridger N7 and bridger N9 transmit frame γ, and it is sent to terminal A.The transmission of the frame γ that carries out on each port blocked and the temporary transient learning outcome of MAC Address b are as shown in figure 17.
Next,, will illustrate when address b is temporarily learnt in bridger N7 and N3 how to use the function that increases among the present invention, promptly as shown in Figure 3 the data transport functions 18 based on temporary transient learned addresses is constructed the bypass route referring to Figure 18.
In Figure 18, when sending a frame δ who is addressed to terminal B from terminal A, bridger N9 receives this frame on its port P25, and according to address learning, sends the frame δ with source address a and destination address b to bridger N7 from its port P24.The transfer operation of carrying out in bridger N9 is identical with the operation of common bridger, therefore is not described in here.
To illustrate at this how data transport functions 18 based on temporary transient learned addresses is carried out in bridger N7.When the port P16 place received frame δ of bridger N7 at it, receiving port status indicator part 20 is by using receiving port number as search key, with reference to receiving port status indicator table 38, and the state of foundation process identification receiving port as shown in Figure 7, wherein the content of receiving port status indicator table 38 is as shown in table 7.At this moment, determine that receiving port is not a port blocked, so frame δ is sent to data transmission control section 24 (step 1012).
Table 7. receiving port status indicator table 38 (N7)
Attention:
*1: dead status is 1, otherwise is 0.
*2: have only when not being in the dead status just effective.Blocked state is 0, and the state of listening to is 1, and learning state is 2, and forwarding state is 3.
*3: just effective when having only in being in blocked state.If a bypass route arranged then be 1, if do not have the bypass route then be 0.
According to the flow process among Fig. 8, data transmit the routing information (step 1104) of control section 24 relevant destination address b of inquiry in filtering control section 28.Filter control section 28 at first by using receiving port number as search key, with reference to its content receiving port status indicator table 38 (N7) as shown in table 7, and execution processing as shown in Figure 9.In this is handled, owing to find that port P16 is one and transmits port, so handle the flow process of branch transition in Figure 10, pass through to use the destination MAC Address of institute's received frame as search key at there, with reference to its content normal learning database 34 as shown in table 5, carry out the routing information retrieval among Figure 10.On port P14, learnt (step 1200) owing to find destination address b, so pass through application target address b as search key, temporary transient learning database 36 (N7) in the key 6 is to determine whether carried out temporary transient study (step 1212) on port blocked.Because can determine that at this destination address b has temporarily been learnt on port P15, thus the E that proceeds among Figure 11 handled, and the institute's learning content of the relevant destination address b in temporary transient learning table is copied in the normal learning table as shown in table 8.That is to say that temporary transient learning state is changed into normal learning state, and the port map information that indication is sent to port blocked P15 is passed to data transmit control section 24.At this moment, the bypass route position that is used for target MAC (Media Access Control) address a in normal learning database 34 is set to 1, used the bypass route with indication, and be used for for its port switching position that has changed the destination MAC Address b of port information also is set to " 1 ", be switched (table 8) from root port with the indication path.In addition, the destination address b that switches to normal learning state is imported in the transmit port status indicator table 40 as shown in table 9.When the corresponding contents in normal learning database was deleted, deletion was used to be switched to the content of temporary transient learning database of the address of normal learning state.
The normal learning database 34 (N7) of table 8.
Attention:
*1: dead status is 1, otherwise is 0.
*2: have only when not being in the dead status just effective.Blocked state is 0, and the state of listening to is 1, and learning state is 2, and forwarding state is 3.
*3: have only when not being in the dead status just effective.Root port is 1, otherwise is 0.
*4: have only when not being in the dead status just effective.Designated port is 1, otherwise is 0.
*5: being 0 in the time of in being in permanent learning state from the outset, is 1 when switching from temporary transient learning state.
*6:, then be 1, otherwise be 0 if once the destination MAC Address had been used the bypass route as sending source terminal.
*7: being 1 when being relearned from the root port to the designated port, is 0 when being learnt on designated port from the outset.
Table 9. transmit port status indicator table 40 (N7)
Attention:
*1: dead status is 1, otherwise is 0.
*2: have only when not being in the dead status just effective.Blocked state is 0, and the state of listening to is 1, and learning state is 2, and forwarding state is 3.
*The 3:MAC address switches to permanent study from temporary transient study.
According to the port reflection, data transmit control section 24 and frame δ are sent to the transmit port status indicator part 26 that is used for port P15.Therefore, frame δ sends from the port P14 that before was used for sending.
Use content transmit port status indicator table 40 as shown in table 9, the transmit port status indicator part 26 that is used for port P15 is by using the transmitting terminal slogan as search key, according to the state of this port of process identification among Figure 14; Though this port is a port blocked, because normal study clauses and subclauses that are used for address b are arranged, so send frame δ (step 1308) from port P15.
Because frame δ is received on port P18, relearns on the path that source address a has been moved to port P18 as shown in table 10 so bridger N6 handles by existing bridger, and send frame δ from port P20.At this moment, be used for being switched to indicate this path from root port for its port switching position that has changed the destination MAC Address a of port information is set to " 1 ".
The normal learning database 34 (N6) of table 10.
Attention:
*1: dead status is 1, otherwise is 0.
*2: have only when not being in the dead status just effective.Blocked state is 0, and the state of listening to is 1, and learning state is 2, and forwarding state is 3.
*3: have only when not being in the dead status just effective.Root port is 1, otherwise is 0.
*4: have only when not being in the dead status just effective.Designated port is 1, otherwise is 0.
*5: being 0 in the time of in being in permanent learning state from the outset, is 1 when switching from temporary transient learning state.
*6:, then be 1, otherwise be 0 if once the destination MAC Address had been used the bypass route as sending source terminal.
*7: being 1 when being relearned from the root port to the designated port, is 0 when being learnt on designated port from the outset.
In bridger N10, from port P28, be emitted in the frame δ that is received on the port P26 according to address learning.
After this, from terminal B, any frame that is addressed to terminal A is forwarded to port P15 on bridger N7 via bridger N10 and bridger N6.In bridger N7, the receiving port status indicator part 20 that is used for port P15 is by using receiving port number as search key, with reference to its content receiving port status indicator table 38 (N7) as shown in table 7, and according to the handling process among Fig. 7 this frame is sent to data and transmit control section 24.Data transmit control section 24 according to the handling process query filter control section 28 among Fig. 8.The details of handling were described, and therefore or else can repeat.
According to the port reflection, data transmit control section 24 and this frame are sent to the transmit port status indicator part 26 that is used for port P16.Transmit port status indicator part 26 determines that port P16 is not in the blocked state, makes this frame be sent to bridger N9.
Bridger N9 sends this frame according to address learning from its port P25.
After this, send the data that are addressed to terminal A via bridger N10, bridger N6, bridger N7 and bridger N9 in order from terminal B, send the data that are addressed to terminal B via bridger N9, bridger N7, bridger N6 and bridger N10 in order from terminal A simultaneously.
Like this, in the bypass route that is configured between bridger N6 and the bridger N7 connect between terminal A and the terminal B.
The transmission of frame δ and bypass route structure result at this, when the timeliness timer expires, delete unnecessary institute's learning content (study of MAC Address a and b in bridger N1, N2, N3, N4, N5 and N8) as shown in figure 18.
When because not communication between terminal A and B, when the timeliness timer has expired, the learning content of the learning content of the relevant address b of deletion on port P15 and P20 and the relevant address a on port P16 and P18, and therefore delete the bypass route; Therefore, when continuing communication again, will have to construct the bypass route again according to the process of in above embodiment, describing.
At last, even will illustrate when after having constructed the bypass route, having increased frame transmission terminal C as shown in figure 19, how can use this bypass route to come transmit frame not lose common blocking function simultaneously to F.
At first, will the situation of executive communication between terminal A and terminal D be described.When terminal D sends when being addressed to the frame X1 of terminal A, owing on the port P18 of the address a of bridger N6 place, learnt, so via from transmitting this frame X1 to the bypass route of the port P 15 on bridger N7 at the port P18 on the bridger N6 at it.In this case, on the port P15 that is a port blocked, receive this frame X1, but according to the processing among Figure 13, because destination address a has normally been learnt (step 1502) on port P16, and the bypass route has been used to the communication (step 1504) between terminal A and the terminal B, is used for sending so this frame X1 is sent to port P16 (step 1506).
After frame X1 has been transmitted, when terminal A transmission is addressed to a frame X2 of terminal D, because address d has temporarily been learnt on port P15 during transmitting frame X1, and since terminal A from port P15, sent a frame via the bypass route, so according to the step 1200 in Figure 10 and 11,1202,1204,1208 and E transmit this frame X2 via bypass route from bridger N7 to bridger N6.
Next, explanation terminal A before terminal D transmit frame X1 is sent the situation of a frame X3.Because the address d of terminal D is not learnt on arbitrary bridger/port, so transmit this frame by the root bridger.That is to say that common blocking function works.At bridger N6 place, on port P 17, receive frame X3 with source address a and destination address d, and according to the step 1200 in Figure 10 and 11,1202,1204,1206 and D the frame that is received is sent to port P20 and P19.At this moment, this frame is not sent to the port P18 that will be relearned.Therefore bridger N10 can receive this frame X3, then frame X3 is sent to terminal D.At this, at bridger N6 place since address a on port P17 by having been relearned, so the address a that has learnt on port P18 is disengaged study (unlearned).Therefore, bypass lost route from bridger N6 to bridger N7.
When terminal D sends a frame X4 who is addressed to terminal A after received frame X3, because the address a that has learnt on port P18 as mentioned above is disengaged study, so the frame X4 that is received by bridger N6 sends to the root bridger from its port P17.After this, via the executive communication between terminal A and terminal D of root bridger, promptly from terminal A to terminal D communication period deletion bypass route, but according to the performed identical process of process of communication period between terminal A and terminal B as previously mentioned, construct the bypass route again.
Next, will the situation of executive communication between terminal C and terminal B be described.When terminal C transmission is addressed to the frame Y1 of terminal B, owing to normally learnt (communication period between terminal A and B on the port P15 at the address b of bridger N7 place, learning state switches to normal learning state from temporary transient study), so transmit this frame Y1 via the bypass route between bridger N7 and bridger N6.After having transmitted frame Y1, when terminal B transmission is addressed to the frame Y2 of terminal C,, transmit this frame Y2 via the bypass route between bridger N7 and bridger N6 according to transmitting the content of learning during the frame Y1.
Next, explanation terminal B before terminal C transmit frame Y1 is sent the situation of a frame Y3.At bridger N6 place,, be broadcast to port P17, P18 and P19 to the frame Y3 that terminal C sends on its port P18 from terminal B because address c is not learnt, but at bridger N7 place, because address c is not learnt, and does not carry out temporary transient study on port P15, does not transmit this frame Y1 yet; Therefore, transmit frame Y3 via the root bridger.That is to say that common blocking function works.At bridger N7 place, on port P14, receive frame Y3 with source address b and destination address c, and according to the step 1200 in Figure 10 and 11,1202,1204,1206 and D the frame that is received is sent to port P16.
In this case, at bridger N7 place since address b on port P14 by having been relearned, so the address b that has learnt on port blocked P15 is disengaged study.Therefore, the bypass lost route just as such under the situation that transmits frame X3 from terminal A to terminal D, but is constructed the bypass route again according to previously described process.
Next, will the situation of executive communication between terminal C and terminal D be described.In this case, a bypass route is arranged between bridger N6 and bridger N7, it is the communication period structure between terminal A and terminal B, but the address c of terminal C and D and d are not learnt on any one bridger; Therefore, according to the performed process of communication period is identical between terminal A and terminal B as previously mentioned process via the executive communication of root bridger after, the frame that the bypass route utilization of use between bridger N6 and bridger N7 comes from terminal C transmits as a triggering signal, executive communication.
From above description, obviously find out, when between the terminal that connects the layer that is being lower than the bypass route from the root bridger during executive communication, can executive communication and do not influence common blocking function.
Next, the situation of executive communication between comparing more near the terminal E of root bridger at terminal A with the bypass route explanation.When sending a frame Z1 who is addressed to terminal A from terminal E (when expiring when the study of the address a of bridger N1 to N5 has disappeared) owing to the timeliness timer, because bridger N5 does not have any information of relevant address a, so broadcast this frame Z1, cause forming two paths, article one, pass through root bridger N1 to bridger N9 from bridger N5, and another is routed to N7 from N6 through bypass.Therefore, as the step 1200 in Figure 10 and 11,1202,1204,1206 and C shown in, the bridger N6 and the N7 place of bypass route between it, have been constructed, stipulate, make when have switch to the address a of designated port (or port blocked) or b for its route from root port a frame when root port is received, do not switch this frame of transmission on route at that.This can be in the state shown in " port switching " clauses and subclauses in table 8 or 9 by the address that keeps switching like this and realize.Therefore, transmit via the frame of bypass route and to have got clogged, terminal A is received frame Z1 from two paths not, and therefore can be implemented via the communication of root port.That is to say that common blocking function works.In this case, will finally between bridger N2 and bridger N3, form a bypass route.
Terminal A sends when being addressed to the frame Z2 of terminal E after transmitting frame Z1 as mentioned above, and the bypass route that forms between bridger N2 and bridger N3 is used to transmit this frame Z2.If frame Z1 also is not transmitted, and therefore address e is not also learnt, and then address e is not also learnt on bridger N7; Therefore, do not transmit frame Z2, but broadcast and transmit this frame Z2 via the root bridger according to common bridger operation via the bypass route.That is to say that common blocking function works.In addition, in this case, will finally between bridger N2 and bridger N3, form a bypass route.
To be similar in the mode of communicating by letter between terminal A and terminal E executive communication between terminal F and terminal B; That is to say, after via the executive communication of root bridger, use the bypass route executive communication that between bridger N2 and bridger N3, forms.
From above description, obviously find out, when it seems from the root bridger layer that is being higher than the bypass route terminal and be lower than between the terminal of layer of bypass route during executive communication, can executive communication and do not influence common blocking function.
Like this, even when another terminal sends a frame after having constructed the bypass route, also can use the bypass route to transmit this frame and do not influence common blocking function.
As mentioned above, according to the present invention, when on a port blocked, receiving data, this data source address is temporarily learnt, and when after temporarily learning, transmitting data, learning state switches to normal study from temporary transient study, therefore makes to form a bypass route based on this address learning.In addition, by also during common data transmit, data being sent to a designated port, can forming a bypass route and do not use any particular message based on STP port status sign.Because this does not influence address learning, so can construct a network by the existing node that mixes wherein.
Claims (6)
1. a generation tree is walked around method, may further comprise the steps:
(a) if learn so that on root port, send any frame that goes to first address, so in first node, receiving its destination address is first address and its source address when being first frame of second address, sends this first frame on a designated port and this root port; And
(b) on a port blocked, receiving in the Section Point of this first frame, when its destination address of reception is second frame of second address, on port blocked, sending second frame, wherein,
Step (b) comprises following substep:
(i) when on port blocked, receiving first frame, carry out temporary transient study, so that on port blocked, send any frame that goes to second address; And
(ii) when its destination address of reception is second frame of second address, switch to normal study, on port blocked, send second frame by a temporary transient study.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that: substep (b) (i) in, carrying out about will under the condition of the study of sending a frame that goes to first address on which port, carrying out study temporarily.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that: in step (a), send first frame on all designated ports.
4. a generation tree is walked around device, comprising:
Filter control section (28), if learn so that on root port, send any frame that goes to first address, receiving its destination address when being first frame of first address so, notification data transmits control section (24) and send this first frame on a designated port and this root port; And
Temporary transient address learning control section (32) when receiving its source address when being second frame of second address on port blocked, is carried out and is temporarily learnt so that send any frame that goes to second address on this port blocked; Wherein
When receiving its destination address when being the 3rd frame of second address, described filtration control section (28) switches to normal study to temporary transient study.
5. device as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: temporary transient address learning control section (32) is being carried out about carrying out study temporarily under the condition of the study of sending a frame that goes to this first address on which port.
6. device as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: filter control section (28) notification data transmission control section (24) and send first frame on all designated ports.
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| US6304575B1 (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2001-10-16 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Token ring spanning tree protocol |
| JP2001268104A (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2001-09-28 | Anritsu Corp | Spanning tree protocol and bridge provided with the same |
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|---|---|
| JP3963728B2 (en) | 2007-08-22 |
| US7072952B2 (en) | 2006-07-04 |
| US20040255050A1 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
| CN1434611A (en) | 2003-08-06 |
| JP2003218902A (en) | 2003-07-31 |
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