CN100431278C - 在瑞克接收器中提取数据的方法 - Google Patents

在瑞克接收器中提取数据的方法 Download PDF

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CN100431278C
CN100431278C CNB2004800010915A CN200480001091A CN100431278C CN 100431278 C CN100431278 C CN 100431278C CN B2004800010915 A CNB2004800010915 A CN B2004800010915A CN 200480001091 A CN200480001091 A CN 200480001091A CN 100431278 C CN100431278 C CN 100431278C
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D·兰库
J·格劳斯纳
M·摩德吉尔
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Sandbridge Technologies Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/711Interference-related aspects the interference being multi-path interference
    • H04B1/7115Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/7103Interference-related aspects the interference being multiple access interference
    • H04B1/7107Subtractive interference cancellation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/711Interference-related aspects the interference being multi-path interference
    • H04B1/7115Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers
    • H04B1/712Weighting of fingers for combining, e.g. amplitude control or phase rotation using an inner loop
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00Baseband systems
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    • H04L25/0202Channel estimation

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Abstract

一个方法,用于在瑞克接收器中从包括多径干扰的被接收信号中提取数据。该方法包括抽样和滤波被接收的信号;估算滤波抽样ψ(τ)的路径之间的时间延迟
Figure 200480001091.5_AB_0
;和估算滤波抽样ψ(τ)的信道复系数1。通过求解下列每个路径1的滤波抽样ψ(τ)的等式的联立方程式,被发射的数据从每个路径的滤波抽样x(τl)中被提取,其中,k是一个特殊的路径,Np是可见路径的数量,
Figure 200480001091.5_AB_1
是滤波进程的双倍卷积矩阵而
Figure 200480001091.5_AB_2
是伪逆矩阵,Λssl)是扩展矩阵和译码矩阵的乘积而
Figure 200480001091.5_AB_3
是逆乘积,和
Figure 200480001091.5_AB_4
是噪声。

Description

在瑞克接收器中提取数据的方法
技术领域
本公开内容是针对无线通信中的多径抵消(multi-pathcancellation),并尤其针对多径干扰的调节。
背景技术
多径干扰是在无线通信领域中不希望看到的现象特征。在某些情况下,它可能会造成严重的通信信道损害。其特征在于密集市区和诸如大型购物中心之类的封闭区。2001年12月IEEE期刊关于通信中的选择区域,vol.19,no.12,pp.2420-31,Fock等人″在密集多径环境中用于瑞克接收器(raker receiver)的信道跟踪(Channel Tracking for RakeReceiver in Closely Spaced Multipath Environment)″中建议了多径干扰抵消(MPIC)的一个形式。它使用衰减系数和相对延迟来计算补偿期,允许抵消其它路径对于定时误差的影响。
发明内容
本方法在瑞克接收器中从包括多径干扰的被接收信号中提取数据。该方法包括抽样和滤波被接收信号,估算滤波抽样ψ(τ)的路径-+之间的时间延迟
Figure C20048000109100031
和估算滤波抽样ψ(τ)的信道复系数通过解答下列滤波抽样ψ(τ)等式的联立方程式,被发射的数据x(τ1)从用于每个路径1的滤波抽样ψ(τ)中被提取:
ψ ( τ ) R ff - 1 ( τ k - τ ^ 0 ) Λ ss H ( τ ^ k ) = Σ l = 0 N p - 1 c l ( τ l ) x ( τ l ) Λ ss ( τ l ) R ff ( τ l - τ ^ 0 ) R ff - 1 ( τ k - τ ^ 0 ) Λ ss H ( τ ^ k ) + n = ( τ )
其中,k是一个特殊路径,Np是可见路径的数量,是滤波进程的两倍卷积矩阵和
Figure C20048000109100035
是伪逆矩阵,Λss1)是扩频矩阵和扰频矩阵(spreading and scrambling)的乘积,和
Figure C20048000109100036
是逆乘积,和
Figure C20048000109100037
是噪声。
本方法被有选择地执行以用于接收器的一个码片或更少的时间的估算时间延迟如果时间延迟大于一个码片,则不需要提取。没有噪音
Figure C20048000109100042
的滤波抽样ψ(τ)等式被求解。解的数量可能小于或等于接收器每个码片过抽样(over-sample)的数量。联立方程式的解可以被存储在接收器中,并且该方法在软件中执行。
通过结合附图来考虑以下详细说明,本发明的这些及其它方面将变得显而易见。
附图说明
图1是瑞克接收器的一个框图。
具体实施方式
图1说明了瑞克接收器的一般表示。在此不详细地描述那些熟知的元件,而只说明有用于本方法的那些元件或功能部分。瑞克接收器10包括瑞克搜索器12和信道估算器14,其把路径延迟估算值τ1,τ2...τ3和信道系数c1,c2...τ3的估算值提供给主要处理部分16。主要处理部分16包括多径干扰抵消(MPIC)部分和最大比率合成器(MRC)部分。根据该结构,这些可以是硬件或软件程序。如在此所描述的,MPIC在软件中来执行,并通过用线性方程来表示接收的滤波信号和通过解滤波抽样等式的联立方程式而从每个路径的滤波抽样提取被发射的数据,实现了多径干扰抵消或调节。
本公开不依赖于什么方法被用来估算路径延迟也不取决于信道系数。可以使用先有技术中的任何方法,以及可能在未来得到发展的任何方法。
线性方程将被求解如下:
ψ ( τ ) R ff - 1 ( τ k - τ ^ 0 ) Λ ss H ( τ ^ k ) = Σ l = 0 N p - 1 c l ( τ l ) x ( τ l ) Λ ss ( τ l ) R ff ( τ l - τ ^ 0 ) R ff - 1 ( τ k - τ ^ 0 ) Λ ss H ( τ ^ k )
+ n ⫬ ( τ ) R ff - 1 ( τ k - τ ^ 0 ) Λ ss H ( τ ^ k )
= x ( τ ^ k ) c k ( τ k ) Λ ss ( τ k ) Λ ss H ( τ ^ k ) +
+ Σ l = 0 l ≠ k N p - 1 c l ( τ l ) x ( τ l ) Λ ss ( τ l ) R ff ( τ l - τ ^ 0 ) R ff - 1 ( τ k - τ ^ 0 ) Λ ss H ( τ ^ k ) + n ⫬ ⫬ ( τ ) - - - ( 1 )
其中:估算信道复系数c11)被假设在数据块期间是恒定值;
ψ(τ)是滤波后的抽样;
是滤波后抽样ψ(τ)的路径之间的时间延迟;
x(τ1)是将被抽取的已发射数据;
Figure C20048000109100052
是滤波过程的两倍卷积矩阵,而
Figure C20048000109100053
是伪逆矩阵;
k是一个特殊路径;
Np是可见路径的数量;
Ass1)是扩频s和扰频S矩阵的乘积,而是逆乘积;和
Figure C20048000109100055
是噪声,并且 n ⫬ ( τ ) R ff - 1 ( τ k - τ ^ 0 ) Λ ss H ( τ ^ 0 ) = n ⫬ ⫬ ( τ )
等式(1)右侧的最后一个和值:
Σ l = 1 N p - 1 c l ( τ l ) x ( τ l ) Λ ss ( τ l ) R ff ( τ l - τ ^ 0 ) R ff - 1 ( τ k - τ ^ 0 ) Λ ss H ( τ ^ k ) - - - ( 2 )
是多径干扰。
如果路径延迟大于一个码片,则等式(1)中最后的和由于扰频矩阵S的相关特性而被忽略。等式(1)变为:
ψ ( τ ) R ff - 1 ( τ k - τ ^ 0 ) Λ ss H ( τ ^ k ) = x ( τ ^ k ) c k ( τ k ) Λ ss ( τ k ) Λ ss H ( τ ^ k ) - - - ( 3 )
其中,被发射数据x(τ1)的解是
x ( τ ^ k ) = ψ ( τ ) R ff - 1 ( τ k - τ ^ 0 ) Λ ss H ( τ ^ 0 ) c ^ k * ( τ ^ k ) αM - - - ( 4 )
其中, α = c 0 ( τ 0 ) c ^ 0 * ( τ ^ 0 ) 是数据块期间的恒定值,并且 M = Λ ss ( τ k ) Λ ss H ( τ ^ k )
如果等式(4)被用于比码片大的路径延迟,则它表示一个均衡器。从而,对于每个路径都将有一个简单的解。都在MRC中所有的xk使用系数
Figure C200480001091000512
用某个比率被合计。如果的输入被存储在存储器中,则等式(4)在软件中被执行。
对于小于一个码片的路径延迟,最后期间不可以被忽略;因此可以通过从被接收信号中提取数据来获得更好的码元估算,包括多径干扰期间,通过使用等式(1)解答所有路径的所有联立方程式。
最终估算是使用系数
Figure C20048000109100061
的估算的总量:
x ^ = Σ l = 0 N p - 1 β ^ l x ( τ l ) - - - ( 5 )
以下是路径延迟小于一个码片的两个路径延迟的例子。为了简化写入,下列注释将被使用:
R ff ( τ l - τ ^ 0 ) = R ( l ) , R ff - 1 ( τ k - τ ^ 0 ) = R ( k ) , Λ ( τ ^ l ) = Λ ( l ) , Λ ( τ l ) = Λ ( l ) , c l ( τ l ) = c ( l )
x ( τ ^ k ) = x ( k ) 等式(1)对于每个路径延迟变成:
ψ ( τ ) R - 1 ( 0 ) Λ H ( 0 ) = c 0 x ( 0 ) Λ ( 0 ) R ( 0 ) R - 1 ( 0 ) Λ H ( 0 ) + c 1 x ( 1 ) Λ ( 1 ) R ( 1 ) R - 1 ( 0 ) Λ H ( 0 ) + n 1 ψ ( τ ) R - 1 ( 1 ) Λ H ( 1 ) = c 0 x ( 0 ) Λ ( 0 ) R ( 0 ) R - 1 ( 1 ) Λ H ( 1 ) + c 1 x ( 1 ) Λ ( 1 ) R ( 1 ) R - 1 ( 1 ) Λ H ( 1 ) + n 2 - - - ( 6 )
忽略噪声n,两个联立方程式(6)被解出如下:
x ( 0 ) = 1 c 0 ψ ( τ ) R - 1 ( 0 ) Λ H ( 0 ) - R - 1 ( 1 ) Λ H ( 1 ) Λ ( 1 ) R ( 1 ) R - 1 ( 0 ) Λ H ( 0 ) I - Λ ( 0 ) R ( 0 ) R - 1 ( 1 ) Λ H ( 1 ) Λ ( 1 ) R ( 1 ) R - 1 ( 0 ) Λ H ( 0 )
x ( 1 ) = 1 c 1 ψ ( τ ) I - Λ ( 0 ) R ( 0 ) R - 1 ( 1 ) Λ H ( 1 ) [ R - 1 ( 1 ) Λ H ( 1 ) ] - 1 R - 1 ( 0 ) Λ H ( 0 ) I - Λ ( 0 ) R ( 0 ) R - 1 ( 1 ) Λ H ( 1 ) Λ ( 1 ) R ( 1 ) R - 1 ( 0 ) Λ H ( 0 ) - - - ( 7 )
等式(7)可以被简化成
x ( 0 ) = 1 c 0 ψ ( τ ) H ( 0 ) x ( 1 ) = 1 c 1 ψ ( τ ) H ( 1 )
而且矩阵H被预先计算并被存储在存储器中。
理论上,可见路径的数量将小于或等于过抽样NOVS的数量。因此,
Figure C200480001091000610
矩阵的最大数量将是NOVS,其中,值
Figure C200480001091000611
这可取决于通信格式和存储量。
尽管本申请是设计用于3GWCDMA的,然而它同样适合于其它类型的网络或通信协议。
尽管本公开已经被详细地描述和说明,然而应当清楚地理解,这些仅仅是通过图解和例子的方式来完成而不是限制性的。本发明的范围将只由附加权利要求的条款来限制。

Claims (6)

1.一个方法,其用于在瑞克接收器中从包括多径干扰的被接收信号中提取数据,该方法包括:
抽样和滤波所述被接收的信号;
估算用于滤波抽样ψ(τ)的路径之间的时间延迟
Figure C2004800010910002C1
估算用于所述滤波抽样ψ(τ)的信道复系数
Figure C2004800010910002C2
通过解答下列滤波抽样ψ(τ)等式的联立方程式,从用于每个路径l的所述滤波抽样ψ(τ)提取被发射的数据ψ(τl);
ψ ( τ ) R ff - 1 ( τ k - τ ^ 0 ) Λ ss H ( τ ^ k ) = Σ I = 0 N p - 1 c l ( τ l ) x ( τ l ) Λ ss ( τ l ) R ff ( τ l - τ ^ 0 ) R ff - 1 ( τ k - τ ^ 0 ) Λ ss H ( τ ^ k ) + n ‾ ‾ ( τ )
其中,k是一个特殊路径,Np是可见路径的数量,
Figure C2004800010910002C4
是滤波进程的两倍卷积矩阵,和
Figure C2004800010910002C5
是伪逆矩阵,Λssl)是扩频和扰频矩阵的乘积,和是逆乘积,
Figure C2004800010910002C7
是噪声。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中,将被估算的时间延迟
Figure C2004800010910002C8
设置为所述接收器的一个码片周期或更短。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中,求解没有噪声
Figure C2004800010910002C9
的滤波抽样ψ(τ)等式。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中,解的数量小于或等于所述接收器每个码片过抽样的数量。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中,联立方程式的解被存储在所述接收器中,并且方法在软件中被执行。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中,被存储的解的数量小于或等于所述接收器每个码片过抽样的数量。
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