CN100425330C - 光催化增强装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种光催化增强装置，其包括一基底；一光催化剂层，形成在基底一表面；以及一采光装置，包括排列形成在基底另一表面的多个滤光片和形成在滤光片表面且可自由移动的多个透镜。本发明所提供的光催化增强装置中的采光装置对光线具有聚焦和过滤的作用，能汇聚较强的光线作用于催化剂上，以充分利用光源；并能过滤催化剂难以吸收的可见光，而让催化剂易于吸收的紫外光和红外光线透过，从而极大提高催化效能。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明是关于光催化领域，特别涉及一种采用纳米级催化剂的光催化增强装置。
【背景技术】
随着工业的发达，环境污染的日渐严重，人们对于健康的要求也与日俱增，除积极从事低污染的制程和产品研究外，还有对污染物分解处理投入相当大的资源，一些日常使用的计算机、手机、电视等电子产品朝着环保型方向发展。目前，光催化剂在环境净化的能力逐渐受到人们极大瞩目。原本用作白色颜料中俗称钛白粉的二氧化钛，即可用作光催化材料，其在紫外光照射下，可进行光分解反应，分解空气中污染物，包括挥发性有机物质、氮氧化物和硫化物等，达到净化空气的效果。另外，二氧化钛还具有抗菌、防污、脱臭、抗癌、防尘和自洁等功能。
现有技术揭示一种环保型光催化剂内墙涂料，其采用无机、有机复合乳液作为成膜物质，而光催化剂剂以功能填料形式分散于其中，再辅以助剂和其它功能型添加剂，制成一种常温固化的水性环保涂料。该涂料具有以下各原料组分和重量百分配比：硅丙乳液和聚丙烯酸酯乳液中一种或两种的混合液为10～35％、硅溶胶为5～15％、纳米级锐钛矿相或锐钛矿相与金红石相的混合相二氧化钛颗粒，或经表面处理的二氧化钛复合颗粒即光催化剂为2～15％、颜料与填料及其它添加剂为10～20％，水溶剂为余量。该涂料用来降解周围空气中污染物质，净化室内空气，且具有抗菌、自净、消雾等功能。惟其采用聚合物涂料形式，在高于室温的温度环境下易于变形或变质，不适用于发热量较高或经常暴露在阳光下的产品，如照相机、计算机机箱等产品。
鉴于二氧化钛对紫外光的高吸收率，一般含有二氧化钛的光催化装置采用一紫外灯直接照射光催化剂，如现有技术揭示一种消毒装置，用于空气消毒的中央空调纳米光催化剂消毒装置。其包括至少一层纳米网膜和至少位于纳米网膜一侧的紫外线灯，所述纳米网膜和紫外线灯通过框架安装在空调通风系统内。该装置采用紫外线灯发出紫外光线，照射纳米材料，使其具有一定氧化-还原性，以将空气中甲酸、苯等污染物质分解成无害物质，同时对微生物具有破坏作用，达到消除空气污染和杀菌消毒的目的。该消毒装置需要配备紫外线灯，给当前趋向轻薄简便的产品带来不便，而且采用此种方法时紫外光线的利用率较低。
有鉴于此，提供一种能汇聚及过滤光线，以充分利用光源，提高催化效能的光催化增强装置实有必要。
【发明内容】
以下，将以若干实施例说明一种汇聚及过滤光线，以充分利用光源，提高光催化效能的光催化增强装置。
为实现上述内容，提供一种光催化增强装置，其包括一基底，具有第一表面和与其相对的第二表面；一光催化剂层，形成在基底第一表面；以及一采光装置，形成在所述基底第二表面，其包括形成在基底第二表面的至少一滤光片，用于选择性透过预定波长范围的光线，所述滤光片表面形成有具聚光作用的多个透镜。
其中，所述多个透镜采用自由移动的聚焦透镜阵列或微透镜阵列。
所述催化剂层包括第一催化剂和/或第二催化剂，其厚度范围为20纳米～1000纳米。
所述第一催化剂选自纳米银、纳米金、纳米铂或其任意组合，颗粒大小范围为1纳米～1000纳米。
所述第二催化剂选自纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌、纳米氧化铁、纳米氧化镍、纳米氧化钴或其任意组合，颗粒大小范围为5纳米～1000纳米。
所述多层滤光片采用顺序叠加的高折射率材料膜层H和低折射率材料膜层L，所述叠加顺序采用0.5H/L/0.5H/(0.5H/L/0.5H)n0.5H/L/0.5H的顺序结构，n取值范围为8～20，所述高折射率材料膜层H和低折射率材料膜层L分别采用λ/4的高折射率材料膜层和λ/4的低折射率材料膜层。
所述预定波长λ范围为：λ≤410±10或λ≥650±10nm。
与现有技术的光催化增强装置相比，本技术方案提供的光催化增强装置利用一采光装置，对光线具有聚焦及过滤的作用，既使在微弱的光线下也能汇聚较强的光线作用于催化剂，以充分利用光源；并能过滤催化剂难以吸收的可见光，而让催化剂易于吸收的紫外光和红外光线透过，从而极大提高催化效能，增强催化剂的杀菌、除臭、防毒、防传染病、防感冒等功能。
【附图说明】
图1是本技术方案第一实施例的光催化增强装置结构示意图。
图2是本技术方案第二实施例的光催化增强装置结构示意图。
图3是本技术方案第一或第二实施例中的滤光片结构示意图。
图4是图3所示的滤光片的透射谱图。
【具体实施方式】
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
请参阅图1，为本技术方案的第一实施例光催化增强装置10结构示意图。光催化增强装置10包括一基底11，其具有第一表面111和与其相对的第二表面112；一形成在基底11第一表面111的催化剂层12；一形成在基底11第二表面112的采光装置13。
其中，基底11可采用玻璃基底、石英基底或其它透明基底，如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯或聚氯烯或透明玻璃陶瓷等。
催化剂层12可包括均匀混合的第一催化剂121和/或第二催化剂122，本实施例采用相互均匀混合的第一触媒121与第二触媒122所构成的触媒层12。催化剂层12厚度范围为20纳米～1000纳米，优选为50纳米～500纳米。第一催化剂121可选自纳米银、纳米金、纳米铂或其任意组合，其颗粒大小范围为1纳米～1000纳米，优选为10纳米～100纳米。而第二催化剂122可选自纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌、纳米氧化铁、纳米氧化镍、纳米氧化钴或其任意组合，颗粒大小范围为5纳米～1000纳米，优选为10纳米～200纳米。
采光装置13包括排列形成在基底11第二表面112的多个滤光片14和形成在多个滤光片14表面的多个透镜15，而且，每个滤光片14分别与一透镜15形成一滤光单元(图未标示)，其可在基底11的第二表面112上任一方向自由移动，如图中X、Y或Z任一方向，从而可灵活调节聚焦及滤光的作用位置，既可针对性地加强催化剂层12的催化效能，如对于遭受污染的区域进行局部定位除污，也可通过连续不断地用一马达驱动各滤光单元移动，使催化剂层12得到均匀聚焦及滤光的作用效果，实现对整个与外界接触之表面进行净化。其中，滤光片14是由多层薄膜顺序叠加而成，本实施例采用高折射率材料膜层H和低折射率材料膜层L顺序叠加而成。该高折射率材料膜层H和低折射率材料膜层L分别采用λ/4的高折射率材料膜层和λ/4的低折射率材料膜层。
请参阅图2，为本技术方案的第二实施例光催化增强装置20结构示意图。光催化增强装置20包括一基底21，其具有第一表面211和与其相对的第二表面212；一形成在基底21第一表面211的催化剂层22；一形成在基底21第二表面212的采光装置23。其中基底21的结构和材料均与第一实施例中的基底1112相同。催化剂层22同样可包括均匀混合的第一催化剂221和/或第二催化剂222，本实施例采用均匀混合的第二触媒222所构成的触媒层22，其结构与触媒层12的结构相同。
采光装置23包括形成在基底21第二表面212的滤光片24和形成在滤光片24表面的多个透镜25。滤光片24是由多层膜组合而成，其结构和材料与滤光片14相同，而面积较大，与第二表面212的面积相当，可覆盖第二表面212。该多个透镜25可在滤光片24表面上任一方向自由移动，如图中X、Y或Z任一方向，从而可灵活调节聚焦的作用位置，可针对性地加强催化剂层22局部催化效能，如对于遭受污染的区域进行定位除污，也可通过连续不断地驱动各个透镜25，使催化剂层22得到均匀聚焦的作用效果，实现对整个与外界接触的表面净化的目的。
关于纳米光催化剂的净化作用，姚仲鹏等人在《洁净与空调技术》，2004(4)，14-18，“纳米光催化剂技术应用于治理空气污染的研究”一文中指出，紫外光强度是影响光催化剂氧化速率主要因素之一，并且光催化剂氧化速率与紫外光强度呈线性关系，其随着紫外光强度的升高而增加。因此，上述采光装置同时兼具聚焦及滤光的作用，其先利用透镜将外界微弱光线聚焦在催化剂层上，以提高光线照射强度，既能充分利用光线，又能提升第一催化剂与第二催化剂的催化效能。然后将聚焦后的光线进行过滤，以滤去两催化剂难以吸收的可见光波段，而让两催化剂易于吸收的紫外和红外光透过，因而进一步提高催化剂的催化效能。其中第二催化剂对波长低于400nm的光线(即紫外光线)具有很高吸收能力，如纳米二氧化钛涂层对波长低于380nm(能带隙为3.2电子伏特)的光线具有极高吸收能力，而波长介于700～1100nm间的红外光能被第一催化剂吸收。通过采光装置，使催化剂层在强烈的紫外光或红外光的照射下进行催化剂反应，从而提高第一催化剂与第二催化剂的杀菌、除臭、防毒、防传染病、防感冒等功能。
请参阅图3，是本第一或第二实施例中滤光片14、24的膜层结构示意图。第一或第二实施例中滤光片14、24的膜层结构和材料相同，因而仅以滤光片14为例说明的。如图所示，该滤光片14形成在基底11的第二表面112，是由顺序叠加的高折射率材料膜层141(H)和低折射率材料膜层142(L)，其叠加的顺序采用0.5H/L/0.5H/(0.5H/L/0.5H)n0.5H/L/0.5H的顺序结构，其中H代表λ/4的高折射率材料，采用折射率介于2.0～2.3间的材料，可选自五氧化三钛、三氧化钛、二氧化钛或五氧化二钽等材料；L代表λ/4的低折射率材料，采用折射率介于1.4～1.6间的材料，可选自二氧化硅、氧化铝或氮化铝等材料；而一组0.5H/L/0.5H为一个滤光腔单元，n表示该滤光腔单元的重复次数，其取值范围为8～20，优选为16，即优选为18个滤光腔单元，高折射率材料膜层141和低折射率材料膜层142共叠加54层。
请参阅图4，为两实施例中滤光片14、24的透射谱图。滤光片14、24通过采用上述多层薄膜结构，可截止的波长范围约为400nm～700nm，反的，可让波长低于400nm的光线(即紫外光线)通过，以及波长介于700～1100间的红外光通过。且紫外和红外光透过率高于90％，优选为95％。对于红外波段，透过率为95％时的截止波长为680±20nm，紫外波段，透过率为95％时的截止波长为410±10。即，透过波长λ范围为：λ≤410±10或λ≥650±10nm。为获得急陡的截止波段，在截止波段右端红外光透过率为50％时的截止波长设于为650±10nm，如图中B点所示。另，使可见光透过率低于10％。
由于本技术方案的光催化增强装置利用一采光装置，其对光线具有聚焦及过滤的作用，既使在微弱的光线下也汇聚较强的光线作用在催化剂表面，提高光源利用率；并能过滤催化剂难以吸收的可见光，而让催化剂易于吸收的紫外光和红外光线透过，从而极大提高催化效能，增加催化剂的杀菌、除臭、防毒、防传染病、防感冒等功能。
Claims (14)
1. 一种光催化增强装置，其包括：一基底，其具有第一表面和与其相对的第二表面；及一光催化剂层，形成在基底第一表面；其特征在于：所述基底第二表面形成有一采光装置，其包括形成在基底第二表面的至少一滤光片，用于选择性透过预定波长范围的光线，所述至少一滤光片表面形成有具聚光作用的多个透镜。
2. 如权利要求1所述的光催化增强装置，其中所述至少一滤光片为多个，且每个滤光片表面对应形成有一透镜。
3. 如权利要求1所述的光催化增强装置，其中所述至少一滤光片采用一滤光片，其面积与光催化剂层的面积相当。
4. 如权利要求1所述的光催化增强装置，其中所述多个透镜均可在该至少一滤光片表面上方自由移动。
5. 如权利要求4所述的光催化增强装置，其中所述催化剂层包括第一催化剂和/或第二催化剂。
6. 如权利要求5所述的光催化增强装置，其中所述第一催化剂选自纳米银、纳米金、纳米铂或其任意组合。
7. 如权利要求6所述的光催化增强装置，其中所述第一催化剂颗粒大小范围为1纳米～1000纳米。
8. 如权利要求5所述的光催化增强装置，其中所述第二催化剂选自纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌、纳米氧化铁、纳米氧化镍、纳米氧化钴或其任意组合。
9. 如权利要求8所述的光催化增强装置，其中所述第二催化剂颗粒大小范围为5纳米～1000纳米。
10. 如权利要求5所述的光催化增强装置，其中所述催化剂层厚度范围为20纳米～1000纳米。
11. 如权利要求1所述的光催化增强装置，其中所述滤光片采用顺序叠加的λ/4的高折射率材料膜层H和λ/4的低折射率材料膜层L。
12. 如权利要求11所述的光催化增强装置，其中所述叠加顺序采用0.5H/L/0.5H/(0.5H/L/0.5H)n0.5H/L/0.5H的顺序结构，n为(0.5H/L/0.5H)的重复次数。
13. 如权利要求12所述的光催化增强装置，其中所述叠加顺序结构中n取值范围为8～20。
14. 如权利要求1所述的光催化增强装置，其中所述预定波长λ范围为：λ≤410±10nm或650±10nm≤λ≤1100nm。
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| US8475722B2 (en) * | 2010-04-08 | 2013-07-02 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Hydrogen generation device and method of using same |
| US20170274345A1 (en) * | 2014-10-02 | 2017-09-28 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Photocatalytic reactors and related methods |
| CN104474884A (zh) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-04-01 | 上海交通大学 | 一种热光电联合式光催化空气净化器 |
| DE102018118683A1 (de) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-02-06 | Dr. Schneider Kunststoffwerke Gmbh | Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung |
| CN113526608B (zh) * | 2021-04-06 | 2022-11-25 | 郑州轻工业大学 | 光催化杀菌消毒装置 |
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| CN1255322A (zh) * | 1998-12-02 | 2000-06-07 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | 口腔洁净仪及其洁牙膏 |
| CN1167924C (zh) * | 2001-07-26 | 2004-09-22 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 冷冻冷藏冰箱 |
| WO2004045756A2 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2004-06-03 | Carmignani Gary M | Apparatus and method for photocatalytic purification and disinfection of fluids |
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