Summary of the invention
At the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention is special to be proposed a kind ofly can carry out multistage pressure control, safe and reliable, electric pressure cooking saucepan that control accuracy is high.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has taked following technical proposals:
A kind of electric pressure cooking saucepan comprises pot body 1 and pot cover 2; In the described pot body 1 control circuit 3 is set, Pressure Actuated Device 4 and elastic seal cartridge 5 are set on the described pot cover 2; Described elastic seal cartridge 5 fixing seals are on the hole wall in first hole 21 of described pot cover 2;
Described Pressure Actuated Device 4 mainly comprises lining 41, piston 42 and revolving part 43; Described lining 41 embeds in the elastic seal cartridge 5; Insert piston 42 in axial sliding in the described lining 41; Described revolving part 43 with can drive its piston that radially rotates 42 and be in transmission connection, described revolving part 43 is connected with described pot cover 2 rotationally by stator 8; The top of described revolving part 43 is connected and rotates long-armed 6a, and the end of the long-armed 6a of described rotation is fixed with sensing device 61; The top edge of described pot body 1 and described sensing device 61 corresponding positions are provided with sensor 7, and sensor 7 is electrically connected with described control circuit 3.
Above-mentioned pot body 1 is one of primary clustering of electric pressure cooking saucepan, and it generally includes universal components such as shell, middle pot, interior pot, electric heat-generating disc, temperature regulating device and control circuit 3.On pot body 1, fasten pot cover 2, pass to power supply, electric pressure cooking saucepan just can be under the control of control circuit 3 operate as normal.
Above-mentioned pot cover 2 also is the general purpose module of electric pressure cooking saucepan, and the handle 23 that its top is provided with loading and unloading pot cover 2 uses for people's regular job.Handle 23 is a hollow structure, on the one hand can save material, on the other hand also can be in this hollow structure placement force transmission device 4 control assemblies such as grade.
The inside edge of pot cover 2 is provided with elastic seal ring, covers after on the pot body 1 to guarantee pot cover 2, possesses good air-tightness between interior pot of the pot cover 2 that makes electric pressure cooking saucepan and pot body 1.Secondly, also be provided with armstrong's patent formula gas bleeder valve on the pot cover 2, be used for before abnormal condition and electric pressure cooking saucepan end-of-job are opened pot cover 2, internally pot gives hand-operated forced pressure release.Because this armstrong's patent formula gas bleeder valve is present modal safety component, and its structure is not described in detail in this.
Described control circuit 3 is generally between the middle pot and shell of pot body 1, it receives the signal of telecommunication from sensor 7, this signal of telecommunication is the parameter of reflecting voltage power pot pot inner pressure, and this signal of telecommunication process amplification, comparison, again to other key elements of electric pressure cooking saucepan, control as time of the break-make of heating or heating power, timer etc., thus the duty of control electric pressure cooking saucepan.
Described elastic seal cartridge 5 sealing and fixing are on pot cover 2.First hole 21 is set on pot cover 2, elastic seal cartridge 5 is installed in first hole 21.Above-mentioned sealing shroud 5 is a kind of soft elastic caoutchouc class A of geometric unitA, can be drum shape, and the side is barrel-shaped etc., and the inner space of pot cover 2 is sealed and stretched in the bottom, and upper opening can hold transmission device 4.The method of elastic seal cartridge 5 sealing and fixing on pot cover 2 has a lot, and for example opening part is provided with lip limit 5a at an upper portion thereof, and the lip of lip limit 5a embeds on the hole wall at 21 places, first hole, thereby realizes sealing; Also can take methods such as bonding, that the gland gland is fixing.
Described Pressure Actuated Device 4 is arranged on the pot cover 2, is preferably disposed in the bottom cavity volume of handle 23, thereby can protects transmission device 4.Described Pressure Actuated Device 4 comprises lining 41, piston 42 and displacement trasducer 43.The structure of described Pressure Actuated Device 4 is as follows:
(1) described lining 41 embeds in the elastic seal cartridge 5.
Described lining 41 is the big or small adaptive cylindrical body of the shape with elastic seal cartridge 5, last lower open mouth, the body 41b of lining 41 is embedded and is fixed in the elastic seal cartridge 5, thereby the squeezing action by 41 pairs of elastic seal cartridges 5 of lining makes the lip limit 5a of elastic seal cartridge 5 and the wall surface of the hole contact site formation positiver sealing in first hole 21 of pot cover 2.The length of body 41b is less than the degree of depth of elastic seal cartridge 5, thus the certain telescopic displacement distance of bottom reservation that can give elastic seal cartridge 5;
Secondly, on the top of lining 41, lip limit 41a is set, be pressed in by lip limit 41a on the lip limit 5a of elastic seal cartridge 5, like this, both can have strengthened the sealing effectiveness of sealing shroud 5, can avoid in use again, lining 41 crashes into sealing shroud 5 bottoms fully because of the external force effect.
(2) described piston 42 places in the lining 41, and can endwisely slip in lining 41, but can radially not rotate.
Realize that piston 42 endwisely slips but the concrete grammar that can radially not rotate has much in lining 41, for example, if lining 41 and piston 42 itself are exactly non-circular shape such as square, ellipse, cooperate between the two the possibility that the back just can not take place radially to rotate itself is installed.
Secondly, can also be, on the madial wall axial direction of lining 41, perhaps on lining 41 tops, perhaps on the pressure ring that is provided with in addition on lining 41 tops, convex tendon is set, on piston 42 outer walls in axial direction, correspondence is provided with groove, and the quantity of this groove and shape size are all adaptive with the convex tendon that is arranged on lining 41 inwalls; The external diameter of piston 42 is slightly less than the internal diameter of lining 41, like this, when the piston 42 cover lining 41 of packing into, convex tendons in the lining 41 can successfully be inserted on piston 42 sidewalls in the symmetrically arranged groove, and make piston 42 can in lining 41, endwisely slip flexibly but can not take place radially to rotate.The quantity of convex tendon pairing and groove, preferably two pairs or more and is symmetrical arranged, thereby can be stressed evenly.
In addition, the convex tendon change that we are provided with on also can the madial wall of lining 41 is set to groove, correspondingly, the adaptive with it use of convex tendon just is set on piston 42, it all is the application scheme that is equal to, but like this change scheme though can realize purpose of the present invention, may make the sealing property variation of wall surface of the hole contact site in first hole 21 of the lip limit 5a of sealing shroud 5 and pot cover 2.
(3) described revolving part 43 is in transmission connection with piston 42, and radially rotates under the driving of piston 42; Between described piston 42 and the revolving part 43 steering mechanism is set, steering mechanism can change rotatablely moving of revolving part 43 with the rectilinear motion of piston 42; Described steering mechanism can be:
(A), a cylindrical hole 42b is set in the central upper portion of above-mentioned piston 42; More than one boss is set on the inwall of this cylindrical hole 42b; Described revolving part 43 is arranged in the piston 42.
Described revolving part 43 is the adaptive cylinders of cylindrical hole 42b that are provided with piston 42 central upper portion, on the outside wall surface of revolving part 43 oblique groove is set, the adaptive installation of the quantity of oblique groove, the degree of depth and width and boss.The starting point of oblique groove is arranged on the bottom of revolving part 43, the expanded view of oblique groove is for being the oblique line of starting point with revolving part 43 bottoms, or the combination of oblique line and straight line, the angle in oblique line and sideline, bottom factor such as the stroke of revolving part 43 rotation and stressed dynamics is as required determined to be provided with, be preferably in 45 spend about.The external diameter of revolving part 43 is slightly less than the internal diameter of the cylindrical hole 42b of piston 42.Like this, when revolving part 43 is packed in the cylindrical hole 42b of piston 42, boss in the cylindrical hole 42b can successfully insert in the oblique groove that is provided with on the outside wall surface of revolving part 43, thereby make boss when oblique groove slides, drive revolving part 43 rotations, realize that rectilinear motion changes into to rotatablely move.Boss not only can be the small cylinder of a protrusion, also can be the spiral convex tendon bar of one section protrusion.The mode that boss and oblique groove cooperatively interact is similar to the mode of screw thread transmission, only is that our daily being seen regular screw threads of pitch ratio are a lot of greatly.
(B) above-mentioned realization rectilinear motion changes the steering mechanism that rotatablely moves into, can also be, outside wall surface at revolving part 43 is provided with boss 43b, and oblique groove 42c is set in the blind cylindrical hole 42b of piston 42, and pairing is used, can realize also that rectilinear motion changes into rotatablely moves, and all is the application scheme that is equal to.
(C) above-mentioned realization rectilinear motion changes the steering mechanism that rotatablely moves into, can also be, the circumferencial direction of described piston 42 top is provided with and protrudes post 42d; Lower edge at described revolving part 43 is provided with inclined-plane 43d; Between described revolving part 43 and the described piston 42 spring 40 is set.The external diameter basically identical of the external diameter of revolving part 43 and piston 42; In the top of piston 42, more than one protrusion post 42d is set; Circumferencial direction in revolving part 43 lower edge, be provided with and the corresponding inclined-plane 43d of quantity that protrudes post 42d, thereby, protrude the inclined-plane 43d that post 42d promotes revolving part 43 bottoms and slide, thereby realize driving revolving part 43 rotations as the protrusion post 42d of piston 42 up and down during rectilinear motion.This kind of drive is similar to meshing transmission.
(D) above-mentioned realization rectilinear motion changes the steering mechanism that rotatablely moves into, can also be the external diameter basically identical of the external diameter of revolving part 43 and piston 42; Top circumferencial direction at piston 42 is provided with the inclined-plane, in the lower edge of revolving part 43 the protrusion post is set.Thereby when the indentation inclined-plane of piston 42 up and down during rectilinear motion, the protrusions post that promotes revolving part 43 slides, and rotates thereby realize driving revolving part 43.
The scheme that realizes steering mechanism is multiple.The structure of the steering mechanism of above-mentioned explanation only is the mode of the explanation realization of enumerative, and does not mean that steering mechanism of the present invention only only limits to these structures.
The lower central of described revolving part 43 can also be provided with cylindrical hole 43a; In the cylindrical hole 43a of revolving part 43, spring 40 is set.The length of spring 40 is greater than the degree of depth of revolving part 43 cylindrical hole 43a.
So, when assembling, earlier spring 40 is inserted among the revolving part 43 cylindrical hole 43a, again revolving part 43 is sleeved on the piston 42; Because the tension force effect of spring 40, can make between the bottom of revolving part 43 and the piston 42 to have certain distance.Secondly, described stator 8 is plate pads, centre bore or central recess are arranged, roof and stator 8 by handle 23, the top 43c of revolving part 43 is fixed in the handle 23 rotationally, revolving part 43 can not moved axially but can rotate, that is: revolving part 43 is connected with pot cover 2 rotationally by stator 8.If the top 43c of revolving part 43 directly is connected with the roof of handle 23, stator 8 just can omit and need not be provided with.
When external compression strength moves piston 42, not only drive revolving part 43 rotations, nor compress spring 40 disconnectedly; When losing extruding force, the tension force effect of spring 40 sets back piston 42 and revolving part 43 mutually.
The lower central of above-mentioned revolving part 43 also can be provided with cylindrical hole 43a, and said spring 40 just directly places between the cylindrical hole 42b and revolving part 43 of piston 42, all is one of application scheme that is equal to.
Secondly, when making revolving part 43 rotations, spring 40 can not constitute bigger resistance to rotatablely moving, and in the one or both ends of spring 40 ball is set, and is coated with lubricating grease on ball.
Described stator 8 can also be " door " shape or " Contraband " shape frame, and the bottom of " door " shape or " Contraband " shape frame is fixed on the pot cover 2.Centre bore or central recess are arranged on the stator 8, the top 43c of revolving part 43 penetrates the centre bore or the central recess of stator 8 and can rotate, but can not axially-movable, thereby revolving part 43 is stabilized on the pot cover 2, in the handle 23, make whole Pressure Actuated Device 4 give independent stationary, make things convenient for Pressure Actuated Device 4 independent assemblings by the roof of handle 23.
The top 43c of described revolving part 43 turning arm 6 that is connected.Described turning arm 6 comprises long-armed 6a of rotation and rotation galianconism 6b.Described turning arm 6 extends along side direction pot cover 2 edges in handle 23 roofs, forms the long-armed 6a of rotation, at the rear portion rightabout that rotates long-armed 6a rotation galianconism 6b is set.The end that the rotates long-armed 6a sensing device 61 that is connected.
Secondly, in the corresponding position of the top edge of pot body 1 and sensing device 61, preferably close and cover location settings sensor 7 at pot cover 2 handles 23.Sensor 7 is electrically connected with control circuit 3.
For the electric pressure cooking saucepan inner pot pressure being implemented the control of multiple pressure force, a plurality of sensors 7 are set in the distance of turning arm 6 hunting ranges.A plurality of sensors 7 all are electrically connected with control circuit 3.Sensor 7 can receive the signal from sensing device 61, then induced signal is converted to the signal of telecommunication and is sent to control circuit 3 and handles accordingly.
Above-mentioned sensing device 61 is that sensor 7 is implemented effect of signals, thereby makes sensor 7 produce the device of control signal.Whether sensing device 61 is not the parts that must be provided with, be provided with, and key is the characteristic that depends on sensor 7.If for example sensor 7 is magnetoelectric induction devices, sensing device 61 is exactly a magnet iron piece; The sensing mode difference is with the set-up mode of the adaptive sensing device 61 of sensor 7 and that content is set is just different.
The sensor 7 is picking up signal electrical parts, can be for tongue tube, Hall element, near devices such as switches.
Also be provided with second hole 22 on the described pot cover 2, safe pressure relief device is installed in second hole 22.Described safe pressure relief device comprises ventilation spool 91, valve gap 92.Ventilation spool 91 is communicated with interior pot, and valve gap 92 covers the passage of ventilation spool 91.Rotation galianconism 6b and valve gap 92 flexibly connect and can drive valve gap 92 rotation or rising activities.When control circuit 3 out of control, inner pot pressure is in limit high pressure, piston 42 drives revolving part 43 and turning arm 6b rotates to the greatest limit position, and rotation galianconism 6b drives valve gap 92 and opens ventilation spool 91 by valve gap 92 at this extreme position, the pressure of pot in automatically forcing to discharge.
Above-mentioned rotation galianconism 6b and valve gap 92 movable connection methods promptly can be the flexible connections of connection type, can be the flexible connections of non-connection type.
Control procedure of the present invention is such: pot cover 2 is covered after on the pot body 1, because the sealing function of pot cover 2 inner seal circles and elastic seal cartridge 5, make the pot cover 2 of electric pressure cooking saucepan seal interior pot of pot body 1 fully.When the interior pot of internal gas pressure rising of being heated, the bottom of elastic seal cartridge 5 is squeezed, and deformation takes place, and air pressure promotes piston 42 and upwards do rectilinear motion in lining 41; When piston 42 is done rectilinear motion,, promote revolving part 43 rotations again, nor compress spring 40 disconnectedly by the rotating mechanism that is provided with between piston 42 and the revolving part 43.During revolving part 43 rotations, drive turning arm 6 and terminal sensing device 61 rotations thereof again, swing in other words; When sensing device 61 rotations, the sensor in different positions 7 that is arranged on its underpart detects the magnetic signal of sensing device 61, and this magnetic signal is converted into the signal of telecommunication, sends control circuit 3 to; Control circuit 3 is realized the control to the electric pressure cooking saucepan pot inner pressure according to the unlike signal characteristics of accepting.If above-mentioned control circuit 3 control is malfunctioning, when inner pot pressure is in the limit high pressure of setting, rotation galianconism 6b drives valve gap 92 and opens ventilation spools 91, the pressure of pot in automatically forcing to discharge.
In sum, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) safe and reliable.Utilize the Pressure Actuated Device 4 that is provided with on the pressure cooker lid to carry out the pressure transmission, avoided in traditional pressure cooker course of work, need transmit, detect by means of the deformation displacement amount of parts such as interior pot, avoided the issuable security incident of deformation displacement of parts such as interior pot, also avoid interior pot frequent deformation and caused the quick aging of interior pot to damage, prolonged the life-span of interior pot and middle pot greatly.
(2) automatic safe protective.The present invention also is provided with automatic decompression device, and when other pressure control device lost efficacy, venting pot internal gas pressure reached the safeguard protection purpose automatically.
(3) multistage pressure is controlled automatically.The present invention is provided with a plurality of sensors 7 on pot body 1, they correspond respectively to the diverse location of sensing device 61, and the position of sensing device 61, have finally reflected the size of pot internal gas pressure, by control circuit 3, the present invention can control several pressure spots of different sizes.
(4) control accuracy height.The present invention adopts Pressure Actuated Device 4 intermittently little, frame for movement is reliable and transmit stable, the size of pot internal gas pressure can be reflected in the mechanical location variation of sensing device 61 exactly, pass through the conversion of sensor 7 again, finished the conversion links of air pressure-mechanical switch amplification-signal of telecommunication, in conjunction with control circuit 3, realization pot internal gas pressure control that can be reliable and stable.
The present invention is owing to have above-mentioned advantage, thereby is widely used in various electric pressure cooking saucepans.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, further the specific embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of electric pressure cooking saucepan of the present invention comprises pot body 1 and pot cover 2.In the pot body 1 control circuit 3 is set, Pressure Actuated Device 4 and elastic seal cartridge 5 are set on the pot cover 2; As shown in Figure 4, elastic seal cartridge 5 ovalizes, its lip limit 5a are entrenched on the hole wall in first hole 21 of pot cover 2.
Above-mentioned Pressure Actuated Device 4 comprises lining 41, piston 42, revolving part 43, is the vitals of present embodiment, describes the concrete structure of lining 41, piston 42 and revolving part 43 below in detail.
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, lining 41 is the big or small adaptive oval bodies of the shape with elastic seal cartridge 5 and goes up lower open mouth, the body 41b of lining 41 is embedded and is fixed in the elastic seal cartridge 5, thereby the squeezing action by 41 pairs of elastic seal cartridges 5 of lining, the lip limit 5a that makes elastic seal cartridge 5 forms more reliably with the wall surface of the hole contact site in first hole 21 of pot cover 2 and seals.The length of body 41b is less than the degree of depth of elastic seal cartridge 5, thus the certain telescopic displacement distance of bottom reservation that can give elastic seal cartridge 5; Secondly, be provided with lip limit 41a on the top of lining 41, between elastic seal cartridge 5 and lining 41, be provided with hold-down ring 44, and be pressed on the pot cover 2 by the lip limit 5a of hold-down ring 44 with elastic seal cartridge 5.In addition, on lining 41, be provided with hold-down ring 45, and lining 41 be pressed on the hold-down ring 44 by hold-down ring 45.
Lip limit 41a is set on the top of lining 41 can avoids in use, lining 41 crashes into sealing shroud 5 bottoms fully because of the external force effect.
As shown in Figure 5, the cross section of described piston 42 also is oval, because the oval in shape structure, so piston 42 can not take place only radially to rotate and can endwisely slip in lining 41.The central upper portion of piston 42 is provided with a cylindrical hole 42b; Two spirality oblique groove 42c are set on this cylindrical hole 42b inwall; The starting point of oblique groove 42c is arranged on the top of cylindrical hole 42b, and the expanded view of oblique groove 42c is for being the oblique line of starting point with cylindrical hole 42b top, and the angle in oblique line and sideline, bottom is about 45 degree.Described piston 42 is mechanisms that take over from the past and set a new course for the future, and it places in the lining 41, and lining 41 places in the sealing shroud 5, so piston 42 can be experienced the deformation from sealing shroud 5, i.e. and the pneumatic parameter of pot in the electric pressure cooking saucepan, piston 42 is done at lining 41 and is endwisely slipped.
As shown in Figure 6, described revolving part 43 is the adaptive cylinders of cylindrical hole 42b that are provided with the central upper portion of piston 42.Two convex tendon 43b are set, the degree of depth of convex tendon 43b and width and the adaptive installation of oblique groove 42c on revolving part 43 outside wall surface.The external diameter of revolving part 43 is slightly less than the internal diameter of the cylindrical hole 42b of piston 42.Like this when revolving part 43 is packed in the cylindrical hole 42b of piston 42, oblique groove 42c in the cylindrical hole 42b can successfully insert in the convex tendon 43b that is provided with on revolving part 43 outside wall surface, thereby make oblique groove 42c drive revolving part 43 rotations when convex tendon 43b walks about, realize that rectilinear motion changes into to rotatablely move.Convex tendon 43b is the spiral rib of one section protrusion.
For the package assembly of the main components of Pressure Actuated Device 4 in the present embodiment better is described, under the situation of having omitted hold-down ring 44 and hold-down ring 45, as shown in Figure 7, revolving part 43 lower central are provided with cylindrical hole 43a; Spring 40 is set in cylindrical hole 43a, and the length of spring 40 is greater than the degree of depth of revolving part 43 cylindrical hole 43a.So, when assembling, earlier spring 40 is inserted among the cylindrical hole 43a of revolving part 43, again revolving part 43 is sleeved on the piston 42; Because the tension force effect of spring 40, can make between the bottom of revolving part 43 and the piston 42 to have certain distance.When external compression strength moves piston 42, not only drive revolving part 43 rotations, nor compress spring 40 disconnectedly; When losing extruding force, the tension force effect of spring 40 sets back piston 42 and revolving part 43 mutually.
As shown in Figure 6, the top 43c of revolving part 43 is connected and rotates long-armed 6a and rotation galianconism 6b; The end that rotates long-armed 6a is fixed with sensing device 61, need to prove that the sensing device 61 in the present embodiment is magnet.
For fixing above-mentioned Pressure Actuated Device 4, as shown in Figure 2, handle 23 has one section corresponding hollow structure; Revolving part 43 is connected with the handle 23 of pot cover 2 rotationally by stator 8; Stator 8 bottoms can also increase an auxiliary stator 81.Stator 8 is laminated structures, and the center is provided with central recess, and the top of revolving part 43 penetrates the central recess of stator 8 and can rotate but can not axially-movable, thereby revolving part 43 is stabilized in the handle 23 of pot cover.
As shown in figure 10, top edge and sensing device 61 correspondence positions at pot body 1 are provided with sensor 7, because the sensing device 61 in the present embodiment is a magnet, sensor 7 is a Hall magnetoelastic transducer spare, and sensor 7 and control circuit 3 are electrically connected.In order to realize the Multistage Control function of present embodiment, sensor 7 in the present embodiment is provided with 4, be respectively sensor 7a, sensor 7b, sensor 7 and sensor 7d, 4 sensors 7 all are electrically connected with control circuit 3, the signal that all can receive from sensing device 61 also can convert induced signal to the signal of telecommunication, and is sent to control circuit 3 and handles accordingly.Because in fact the signal of sensing device 61 has reflected the pressure parameter of electric pressure cooking saucepan, so in conjunction with control circuit 3, present embodiment can be realized multistage pressure control.
In the present embodiment, also be provided with safe pressure relief device, as shown in Figure 2, safe pressure relief device is installed in second hole 22 on the pot cover 2, and safe pressure relief device comprises ventilation spool 91 and valve gap 92.Passage in the ventilation spool 91 is communicated with interior pot, and valve gap 92 covers the passage of ventilation spool 91.Rotation galianconism 6b and valve gap 92 flexibly connect and can drive valve gap 92 and raise.When control circuit 3 out of control, inner pot pressure is in limit high pressure, piston 42 drives revolving part 43 and turning arm 6b rotates to the greatest limit position, and rotation galianconism 6b drives valve gap 92 and opens ventilation spool 91 by valve gap 92 at this extreme position, the pressure of pot in automatically forcing to discharge.Above-mentioned rotation galianconism 6b and valve gap 92 movable connection methods are flexible connections of non-connection type.
Embodiment 2:
The main distinction of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the structure of Pressure Actuated Device 4 is different.Specifically, be to realize that rectilinear motion changes the difference of the steering mechanism that rotatablely moves into.As Fig. 8 and shown in Figure 9, the external diameter basically identical of the external diameter of revolving part 43 and piston 42.Top at piston 42 is provided with three protrusion post 42d; At the circumferencial direction of the lower edge of revolving part 43, be provided with three with protrude the corresponding inclined-plane 43d of post 42d.Thereby, protrude the inclined-plane 43d that post 42d promotes revolving part 43 bottoms and slide, thereby realize driving revolving part 43 rotations as the protrusion post 42d of piston 42 up and down during rectilinear motion.This kind of drive is similar to meshing transmission.
Above-mentioned two embodiment are better embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to this two kinds of embodiments, as long as the mapped structure device that has constructional device of the present invention or be equal to all should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.