CN100420998C - Optical element, light guiding plate, backlight source and LCD device for synthetizing hologram by computer - Google Patents

Optical element, light guiding plate, backlight source and LCD device for synthetizing hologram by computer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100420998C
CN100420998C CNB2005100650706A CN200510065070A CN100420998C CN 100420998 C CN100420998 C CN 100420998C CN B2005100650706 A CNB2005100650706 A CN B2005100650706A CN 200510065070 A CN200510065070 A CN 200510065070A CN 100420998 C CN100420998 C CN 100420998C
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China
Prior art keywords
light
interference
hologram
computer
transmitting substrate
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CN1680854A (en
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中塚木代春
善甫康成
窪田雅明
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Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
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Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133524—Light-guides, e.g. fibre-optic bundles, louvered or jalousie light-guides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
    • G02B6/2848—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers having refractive means, e.g. imaging elements between light guides as splitting, branching and/or combining devices, e.g. lenses, holograms

Abstract

The optical element is provided with a computer composition hologram which is manufactured based on interference fringe data obtained by a computing method of individually computing the interference with reference to all the combination of a plurality of reference light R reaching the position and a plurality of object light M reaching the same position and summing up the interference data, in computing the interference generated by the reference light and the object light reaching every position on a hologram-formed surface by computer, on the other hand, computing the interference without taking the interference of the reference light R with the reference light R in the position into account.

Description

Adopt optical element, light guide plate, the Backlight source and liquid crystal display device of computer-generated hologram
Technical field
The present invention relates to computer-generated hologram, the light guide plate that adopts this computer-generated hologram, Backlight source and liquid crystal display device that for example diffusing panel, polarization separating element, deflecting element, diffraction element, beam splitter etc. are adopted.
Background technology
As liquid crystal indicator is to adopt following structures as everyone knows, and promptly the upper and lower surface at liquid crystal indicator (101) disposes a pair of Polarizer (102) (103), simultaneously side configuration backlight below the Polarizer (103) of downside.In many liquid crystal indicators of notebook computer etc.,, be to use the backlight of edge light type as aforementioned backlight in order to try hard to thickness thinning and realize low-power consumption.As the backlight of edge light type as shown in figure 11, the general mode that adopts is, will utilize the light from light source (111) of reflecting plate (107) optically focused to introduce in the light guide plate (109) from an end face of light guide plate (109), throws light on like this.And, utilize formation diffuse reflectors (110) such as serigraphy in the bottom surface of aforementioned light guide plate (109), simultaneously in order not make the light waste that spills from aforementioned light guide plate (109) and to be used effectively, at configuration reflecting plates (108) such as the bottom surface of light guide plate (109) sides.In addition, adopt following structures, promptly between the Polarizer (103) and light guide plate (109) of aforementioned downside, in order to effectively utilize the light of light source (111), configuration carries out that the selection of polarized light separates adds lustre film (104), add lustre the downside configuration prismatic lens (105) of film (104) at this, for optically focused or diffusion in the effective angle scope that shows at liquid crystal display cells, reduce the uneven diffusing panel (106) (with reference to Figure 11) of back of the body irradiation again in the downside configuration of this prismatic lens (105).
In the liquid crystal indicator of aforementioned structure shown in Figure 11, owing to be to adopt the structure that adds lustre film and prismatic lens, therefore the problem that exists is, complex structure, and it is low to make efficient, and amount of parts is many simultaneously, the manufacturing cost height.
Therefore, as the scheme that solves such problem, proposed that rear side at liquid crystal display cells disposes wedge shape light guide plate, hologram, λ/4 plates, reflecting plate successively and the liquid crystal indicator that constitutes, [for example opening flat 11-281978 communique (claim 1, Fig. 1)] with reference to the spy.
But, when adopting hologram, owing to produce many unwanted interference fringes at the multipath reflection of the light of light guide plate inside, so be difficult to obtain the high element of high-quality diffraction efficiency.
In addition, in order to reduce the unwanted interference fringe of such hologram, following scheme has been proposed, promptly when formation of hologram (photography), at the photography light incident side configuration antireflection plate of hologram sensitive material layer, the reverse side of while at the photography light incident side of hologram sensitive material floor is provided with the anti-corona photosphere [for example opening flat 7-92316 communique (claim 1, claim 3, Fig. 5, paragraph 0040) with reference to the spy] that absorbs photography light.
But, in above-mentioned patent documentation 2 described hologram fabrication process, can not thoroughly reduce unwanted interference fringe.In addition, in above-mentioned patent documentation 2 described hologram fabrication process, make the incident of photography light owing to set the condition different with the actual user mode of hologram (surrounding environment during use), form interference fringe, make hologram like this, therefore be that optical element is when being used for the light guide plate purposes with this hologram for example, because emergent light is easy to generate inhomogeneous (what skewness and shooting angle distributed in the face of emergent light is inhomogeneous), produce a lot of scattered light (light to undesirable direction outgoing is a lot), light loss is big, therefore is difficult to obtain the high light guide plate of high-quality diffraction efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The present invention puts forward in view of such technical background just, and purpose is to provide optical element, light guide plate, the Backlight source and liquid crystal display device of the computer-generated hologram with the unwanted interference fringe of less generation.Other purpose is to provide the interior distribution of face of outgoing light intensity and angular distribution not to have high-quality light guide plate, Backlight source and liquid crystal display device that scattered light is few, light loss is few inhomogeneous and that produce.
In order to achieve the above object, present inventors have studied and have adopted the computer-generated hologram of making according to the interference fringe data of trying to achieve with COMPUTER CALCULATION, constitute optical element, light guide plate, Backlight source and liquid crystal display device.
When making computer-generated hologram, be the complex amplitude distribution of obtaining in the recording dielectric layer separately according in the past method with reference to light and object light, calculate the intensity distributions of the interference fringe of these two light waves.At this moment, at reference light under the situation of the surface feeding sputtering of recording dielectric layer or its support and the structure of advancing along recording dielectric layer, must consider recording dielectric layer or its support and the interface of extraneous (generally being air) and the reflection at recording dielectric layer and support interface, the complex amplitude of obtaining with reference to light distributes.In addition, about object light, owing to generally be to adopt from the surface of recording dielectric layer or its support or the structure of rear side incident, therefore not necessarily need to consider aforementioned reflection at the interface, but wish correct, must consider boundary reflection, in this case, obtain the complex amplitude that also comprises catoptrical object light and distribute.
Result according to every research shows, if adopt above-mentioned method in the past, comprise the influence that interfere on the different corrugated of light path that produces because of boundary reflection in each complex amplitude of reference light and object light distributes, the unwanted interference fringe that the result produced that interfere on the corrugated that the light path that produces because of this boundary reflection is different becomes the reason that hologram quality (optical characteristics etc.) is reduced.
Therefore, present inventors find finally according to the result of further wholwe-hearted research, if obtaining the complex amplitude on the different corrugated of the light path that produces because of boundary reflection respectively distributes, to each with reference to light calculate respectively with the object interference of light (promptly, calculate interference respectively separately for a plurality of combinations with reference to light and a plurality of object light, interfere for a plurality of calculating separately respectively with each combination of the light that the complex amplitude of a plurality of object light is added up in addition) with reference to light, these interference data are added up to, interference each other is not included in the calculating with reference to light simultaneously, utilize the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data, make hologram according to these interference fringe data, so then can obtain the computer-generated hologram of the unwanted interference fringe of less generation, finish the present invention.That is, the invention provides following means.
[1] is a kind of optical element, has the computer-generated hologram of making according to following method, promptly when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light because of arriving this position of each position that hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, to arriving a plurality of each each combination difference calculating interference separately of aforementioned this position with reference to the light of the complex amplitude total of the object light of light and arrival same position with reference to light, these interference data are added up to, the interference each other with reference to light of aforementioned this position simultaneously is not included in the calculating, utilize the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data, make computer-generated hologram according to the interference fringe data of asking like this.
In the invention of [1], because when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light because of arriving this position of each position that hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, not to calculate interference with a plurality of light that arrive aforementioned this position with reference to photosyntometer, but interference is calculated in each combination of the light that adds up to reference to the complex amplitude of light and the object light that will arrive same position for a plurality of each with reference to light that arrive aforementioned this position respectively separately, these interference data are added up to, and the interference each other with reference to light of aforementioned this position is not included in the calculating and (ignores), utilize the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data, therefore can prevent to produce unwanted interference fringe, high-quality optical element is provided.
[2] be a kind of optical element, has the computer-generated hologram of making according to following method, promptly when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light because of arriving this position of each position that hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, interfere for a plurality of the calculating separately respectively with each combination of a plurality of object light that arrive same position that arrives aforementioned this position with reference to light, these interference data are added up to, the interference each other with reference to light of aforementioned this position is not included in the calculating in addition, utilize the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data, make computer-generated hologram according to the interference fringe data of obtaining like this.
[3] be a kind of optical element, has the computer-generated hologram of making according to following method, promptly when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light because of arriving this position of each position that hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, interfere for a plurality of the calculating separately respectively with each combination of a plurality of object light that arrive same position that arrives aforementioned this position with reference to light, these interference data are added up to, the interference and the object light interference each other each other with reference to light of aforementioned this position all is not included in the calculating in addition, utilize the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data, make the integral hologram of computing machine according to the interference fringe data of obtaining like this.
In the invention of [2] [3], because when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light because of arriving this position of each position that hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, not to calculate interference with a plurality of light that arrive aforementioned this position with reference to photosyntometer, interfere but calculate respectively with each combination of each object light of a plurality of object light that arrive same position with reference to light for a plurality of each with reference to light that arrive aforementioned this position, these interference are added up to, and the interference each other with reference to light of aforementioned this position is not included in the calculating and (ignores), utilize the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data, therefore can fully prevent to produce unwanted interference fringe, high-quality optical element is provided.In the invention of [3],, therefore can prevent to produce unwanted interference fringe really in addition because object light interference each other also is not included in (to ignore) in the calculating and calculates.
[4] be that aforementioned computer-generated hologram is preceding paragraph 1 to 3 each described optical element of concave-convex type hologram.
In the invention of [4], owing to adopt the concave-convex type hologram, should produce in batches easily for the concave-convex type hologram can utilize for example press forming or moulding etc., therefore can boost productivity.
[5] be a kind of light guide plate, have preceding paragraph 1 to 4 each described optical element.
In the invention of [5],, therefore can provide light loss little high-quality light guide plate owing to can prevent to produce unwanted interference fringe.
[6] be a kind of backlight, have preceding paragraph 5 described light guide plate and be configured in the light source of at least one end face one side of this light guide plate.
In the invention of [6], can provide light loss little high-quality backlight.
[7] be a kind of liquid crystal indicator, have liquid crystal cells, be configured in the upside polarization plate and the downside polarization plate of upper and lower surface of this liquid crystal cells and the preceding paragraph 6 described backlights that are configured in a following side of aforementioned downside Polarizer.
In the invention of [7],, therefore can provide the liquid crystal indicator of thin thickness and low-power consumption owing to adopt the little high-quality light guide plate of light loss.
[8] being a kind of optical element, is to constitute at the stacked computer-generated hologram of the single face of light-transmitting substrate,
Aforementioned computer-generated hologram is the computer-generated hologram of making according to following method, promptly suppose state at the stacked hologram of single face of aforementioned light-transmitting substrate, and hypothesis is from least one surface feeding sputtering of aforementioned light-transmitting substrate state with reference to light, when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light because of arriving this position of each position that aforementioned hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, to a plurality of each with reference to light of aforementioned this position of arrival of the light that is included in aforementioned light-transmitting substrate internal reflection with reference to light, each combination of the light that adds up to the complex amplitude of the object light of aforementioned this position of arrival of the light that is included in aforementioned light-transmitting substrate internal reflection is calculated separately respectively and is interfered, these interference data are added up to, the interference each other with reference to light of aforementioned this position is not included in the calculating in addition, utilize the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data, make computer-generated hologram according to the interference fringe data of obtaining like this.
In the invention of [8], because when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light because of arriving this position of each position that hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, not to calculate interference with a plurality of light that arrive aforementioned this position with reference to photosyntometer, but interference is calculated in each combination of the light that adds up to reference to the complex amplitude of light and the object light that will arrive same position for a plurality of each with reference to light that arrive aforementioned this position respectively separately, these interference data are added up to, and the interference each other with reference to light of aforementioned this position is not included in the calculating and (ignores), utilize the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data, therefore can prevent to produce unwanted interference fringe.
Add except above-mentioned and ignore like that with reference to light interference is each other calculated, also owing to the state of hypothesis at the stacked hologram of single face of light-transmitting substrate, consider that also the reflection of light in light-transmitting substrate inside calculates interference data, promptly calculate interference data, therefore can provide the interior distribution of face and the angular distribution of outgoing light intensity not to have inhomogeneous owing to setting actual user mode (environment for use), and the scattered light few (light to undesirable direction outgoing is few) that produces, light loss is few, the light guide plate that high-quality and diffraction efficiency are high etc. has the optical element of so desirable characteristic.
[9] being a kind of optical element, is to constitute at the stacked computer-generated hologram of the single face of light-transmitting substrate,
Aforementioned computer-generated hologram is the computer-generated hologram of making according to following method, promptly suppose state at the stacked hologram of single face of aforementioned light-transmitting substrate, and hypothesis is from least one surface feeding sputtering of aforementioned light-transmitting substrate state with reference to light, when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light because of arriving this position of each position that aforementioned hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, a plurality of for aforementioned this position of arrival of the light that is included in aforementioned light-transmitting substrate internal reflection with reference to light, calculate separately respectively with each combination of a plurality of object light of aforementioned this position of arrival of the light that is included in aforementioned light-transmitting substrate internal reflection and to interfere, these interference data are added up to, the interference each other with reference to light of aforementioned this position is not included in the calculating in addition, utilize the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data, make computer-generated hologram according to the interference fringe data of obtaining like this.
[10] being a kind of optical element, is to constitute at the stacked computer-generated hologram of the single face of light-transmitting substrate,
Aforementioned computer-generated hologram is the computer-generated hologram of making according to following method, promptly suppose state at the stacked hologram of single face of aforementioned light-transmitting substrate, and hypothesis is from least one surface feeding sputtering of aforementioned light-transmitting substrate state with reference to light, when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light because of arriving this position of each position that aforementioned hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, a plurality of for aforementioned this position of arrival of the light that is included in aforementioned light-transmitting substrate internal reflection with reference to light, calculate separately respectively with each combination of a plurality of object light of aforementioned this position of arrival of the light that is included in aforementioned light-transmitting substrate internal reflection and to interfere, these interference data are added up to, the interference and the object light interference each other each other with reference to light of aforementioned this position is not included in the calculating in addition, utilize the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data, make computer-generated hologram according to the interference fringe data of obtaining like this.
In the invention of [9] [10], because when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light because of arriving this position of each position that hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, not to calculate interference with a plurality of light that arrive aforementioned this position with reference to photosyntometer, interfere but calculate respectively with each combination of each object light of a plurality of object light that arrive same position with reference to light for a plurality of each with reference to light that arrive aforementioned this position, these interference are added up to, and the interference each other with reference to light of aforementioned this position is not included in the calculating and (ignores), utilize the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data, therefore can fully prevent to produce unwanted interference fringe, high-quality optical element is provided.In the invention of [10],, therefore can prevent to produce unwanted interference fringe really in addition because object light interference each other also is not included in (to ignore) in the calculating and calculates.
Add except above-mentioned and ignore like that with reference to light interference is each other calculated, also owing to the state of hypothesis at the stacked hologram of single face of light-transmitting substrate, consider that also the reflection of light in light-transmitting substrate inside calculates interference data, promptly calculate interference data owing to set actual user mode (environment for use), therefore can provide distribute in the face of outgoing light intensity and angular distribution do not have inhomogeneous, and the scattered light few (light to undesirable direction outgoing is few) that produces, light loss is few, the light guide plate that high-quality and diffraction efficiency are high etc. has the optical element of so desirable characteristic.
[11] be that aforementioned computer-generated hologram is preceding paragraph 8 to 10 each described optical elements of concave-convex type hologram.
In the invention of [11], owing to adopt the concave-convex type hologram, this concave-convex type hologram can utilize for example press forming or moulding etc. to produce in batches easily, therefore can boost productivity.
[12] be preceding paragraph 8 to 10 each described optical elements, aforementioned computer-generated hologram is the concave-convex type hologram, it utilizes making hologram masters such as electron beam plotting unit according to aforementioned interference fringe data, employing forms the shaping die of mould by this hologram master, utilizes pressing or injection molding to be shaped and obtains the concave-convex type hologram.
In the invention of [12],, therefore can provide high-quality optical element with low cost owing to be fit to produce in batches.
[13] be a kind of light guide plate, have preceding paragraph 8 to 12 each described optical elements.
In the invention of [13], can provide distribute in the face of outgoing light intensity and angular distribution do not have inhomogeneous, and the scattered light few (light to undesirable direction outgoing is few) that produces, light loss is few, high-quality and the high light guide plate of diffraction efficiency.
[14] be a kind of backlight, have preceding paragraph 13 described light guide plate and be configured in the light source of at least one end face of this light guide plate.
In the invention of [14], can provide the interior distribution of face of outgoing light intensity and angular distribution not to have scattered light few (light to undesirable direction outgoing is few), light loss inhomogeneous and that produce to reach high-quality backlight less.
[15] be that described light source is the preceding paragraph 14 described backlights of light emitting diode.
[16] be that described light source is the preceding paragraph 14 described backlights of cold-cathode fluorescence lamp.
In the invention of [15] [16], can fully and really obtain the various effects of the invention of above-mentioned [14].
[17] be a kind of liquid crystal indicator, have liquid crystal cells, be configured in the upside polarization plate and the downside polarization plate of upper and lower surface of this liquid crystal cells and preceding paragraph 14 to 16 each the described backlights that are configured in a following side of aforementioned downside Polarizer.
In the invention of [17], can provide to distribute in the face of outgoing light intensity and angular distribution does not have that scattered light inhomogeneous and that produce is few, light loss is few, the liquid crystal indicator of thin thickness and low-power consumption.
[18] be a kind of manufacturing method of light conducting board, comprise calculation process, aforementioned calculation process is the state of hypothesis at the stacked hologram of single face of light-transmitting substrate, and hypothesis is from least one surface feeding sputtering of aforementioned light-transmitting substrate state with reference to light, when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light because of arriving this position of each position that aforementioned hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, for a plurality of each with reference to light of aforementioned this position of arrival of the light that is included in aforementioned light-transmitting substrate internal reflection with reference to light, each combination of the light that adds up to the complex amplitude of the object light of aforementioned this position of arrival of the light that is included in aforementioned light-transmitting substrate internal reflection is calculated separately respectively and is interfered, these interference data are added up to, the interference each other with reference to light of aforementioned this position is not included in the calculating in addition, utilize the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data, also comprise according to aforementioned interference fringe data and utilize the electron beam plotting unit to make the operation of concave-convex type hologram master; After the male and fomale(M﹠F) to aforementioned concave-convex type hologram master plates metal, peel off this coating and obtain the operation of metal pattern; Utilize the aforementioned metal mould by thermoplastic resin being carried out the operation that press forming or moulding obtain the concave-convex type computer-generated hologram; And it is the single face of aforementioned concave-convex type computer-generated hologram and light-transmitting substrate is stacked and form the operation of one.
[19] be a kind of manufacturing method of light conducting board, comprise calculation process, aforementioned calculation process is the state of hypothesis at the stacked hologram of single face of light-transmitting substrate, and hypothesis is from least one surface feeding sputtering of aforementioned light-transmitting substrate state with reference to light, when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light because of arriving this position of each position that aforementioned hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, a plurality of for aforementioned this position of arrival of the light that is included in aforementioned light-transmitting substrate internal reflection with reference to light, calculate interference respectively separately with each combination of a plurality of object light that are included in aforementioned this position, these interference data are added up to, the interference each other with reference to light of aforementioned this position is not included in the calculating in addition, utilize the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data, also comprise according to aforementioned interference fringe data and utilize the electron beam plotting unit to make the operation of concave-convex type hologram master; After the male and fomale(M﹠F) to aforementioned concave-convex type hologram master plates metal, peel off this coating and obtain the operation of metal pattern; Utilize the aforementioned metal mould by thermoplastic resin being carried out the operation that press forming or moulding obtain the concave-convex type computer-generated hologram; And it is the single face of aforementioned concave-convex type computer-generated hologram and light-transmitting substrate is stacked and form the operation of one.
[20] be a kind of manufacturing method of light conducting board, comprise calculation process, described calculation process is the state of hypothesis at the stacked hologram of single face of light-transmitting substrate, and hypothesis is from least one surface feeding sputtering of aforementioned light-transmitting substrate state with reference to light, when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light because of arriving this position of each position that aforementioned hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, a plurality of for aforementioned this position of arrival of the light that is included in aforementioned light-transmitting substrate internal reflection with reference to light, calculate separately respectively with each combination of a plurality of object light of aforementioned this position of arrival of the light that is included in aforementioned light-transmitting substrate internal reflection and to interfere, these interference data are added up to, the interference and the object light interference each other each other with reference to light of aforementioned this position all is not included in the calculating in addition, utilize the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data, also comprise according to aforementioned interference fringe data and utilize the electron beam plotting unit to make the operation of concave-convex type hologram master; After the male and fomale(M﹠F) to aforementioned concave-convex type hologram master plates metal, peel off this coating and obtain the operation of metal pattern; Utilize the aforementioned metal mould by thermoplastic resin being carried out the operation that press forming or moulding obtain the concave-convex type computer-generated hologram; And it is the single face of aforementioned concave-convex type computer-generated hologram and light-transmitting substrate is stacked and form the operation of one.
In the invention of [18] [19] [20], because each is calculated respectively and the object interference of light with reference to light, these interference data are added up to, interference each other is not included in the calculating with reference to light simultaneously, utilize the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data, therefore can prevent to produce unwanted interference fringe effectively.In addition, also owing to the state of hypothesis at the stacked hologram of single face of light-transmitting substrate, consider that also the reflection of light in light-transmitting substrate inside calculates interference data, promptly calculate interference data, therefore can make and distribute in the face of outgoing light intensity and angular distribution does not have that scattered light few (light to undesirable direction outgoing is few), light loss inhomogeneous and that produce are few, high-quality and the high light guide plate of diffraction efficiency owing to set actual user mode (environment for use).In addition, owing to adopt metal pattern to make hologram by press forming or moulding, so the throughput rate height, thereby can make high-quality light guide plate with low cost.
[21] be a kind of light guide plate of utilizing preceding paragraph 18 to 20 each described manufacture methods to make.
In the invention of [21], can provide with low cost to distribute in the face of outgoing light intensity and angular distribution does not have that scattered light few (light to undesirable direction outgoing is few), light loss inhomogeneous and that produce are few, high-quality and the high light guide plate of diffraction efficiency.
In addition, as above-mentioned optical element, be not the special element that limits, can enumerate diffusing panel is for example arranged, polarization separating element, deflecting element, diffraction element, beam splitter (for example color filter use beam splitter) etc.
Description of drawings
Figure 1 shows that the schematic side view of optical element-example that the present invention is relevant.
Figure 2 shows that the schematic side view of liquid crystal indicator-example that the present invention is relevant.
Figure 3 shows that the schematic side view of the imaginary structure of setting when computer-generated hologram used in construction drawing 1 utilizes computing machine to calculate.
Figure 4 shows that the schematic side view of other example of liquid crystal indicator that the present invention is relevant.
Figure 5 shows that the schematic side view of other example that the relevant liquid crystal indicator of the present invention is other.
Figure 6 shows that in the imaginary structure shown in Figure 3 the key diagram with reference to the example of light and object light of the ad-hoc location that arrives hologram.
Figure 7 shows that under the situation of Fig. 6 the key diagram of whole interference of light that the ad-hoc location at hologram produces, the A group is for reference to light and object interference of light, and the B group is for reference to light interference each other, and the C group is object light interference each other.
The key diagram that Fig. 8 handles for the object light in the 2nd used computing method of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the key diagram of identical the 2nd computing method, and the A group is for reference to light and object interference of light, and the B group is for reference to light interference each other, and the C group is object light interference each other.
The calculating that Figure 10 shows that computing machine waits the process flow diagram of each step.
Figure 11 is the schematic side view of liquid crystal indicator in the past.
[label declaration]
1 ... liquid crystal indicator, 2 ... liquid crystal cells, 3 ... Polarizer (upside), 4 ... Polarizer (downside), 5 ... backlight, 6 ... light source, 7 ... reflecting plate, 10 ... light conducting plate body, 11 ... computer-generated hologram, 11A ... the reflection-type computer-generated hologram, 11B ... the transmission-type computer-generated hologram, 20 ... the imagination diffusing panel, 51 ... light-emitting face.
Embodiment
Figure 1 shows that optical element-example that the present invention is relevant.This optical element uses as light guide plate, is to be the stacked computer-generated hologram in bottom surface (52) (11) of light conducting plate body (10) and form one and constitute at light-transmitting substrate.In this example, be to adopt reflection-type computer-generated hologram (11A) as aforementioned computer-generated hologram, this hologram has optical diffraction function and polarized light separation function.
Aforementioned computer-generated hologram (11) is when calculating with computing machine respectively because of the interference that produces with reference to light and object light that arrives this position in each position that hologram is formed face, in order to reflect actual environment for use, as shown in Figure 3, suppose state at the bottom surface (52) of aforementioned light conducting plate body (10) laminated configuration hologram, obtain the interference fringe data according to the computing method of utilizing such hypothesis state to calculate, make hologram according to these interference fringe data again.In addition, when calculating, as shown in Figure 3, suppose to make, and hypothesis disposes the state of imaginary diffusing panel (20) at the lower position of light conducting plate body (10) with reference to the state of light from the end face one side incident of aforementioned light conducting plate body (10).Suppose that there is the situation of a plurality of pointolites in position at this imagination diffusing panel (20).That is, set from the situation of this imagination diffusing panel (20) emission object light.In addition, in Fig. 3, represent object light, dot with reference to light in addition with solid line.
Then, when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light by arriving this position of each position that aforementioned hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, a plurality of for aforementioned this position of arrival of the light that is included in aforementioned light conducting plate body (10) internal reflection with reference to light, calculate separately respectively with whole combinations of a plurality of object light of aforementioned this position of arrival of the light that is included in aforementioned light conducting plate body (10) internal reflection and to interfere, these interference data are added up to, the interference and the object light interference each other each other with reference to light of aforementioned this position all is not included in the calculating in addition, utilizes the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data.Aforementioned computer-generated hologram (11) is the computer-generated hologram of making according to the interference fringe data of obtaining like this.
Be described in detail aforementioned calculation method (the 1st computing method) with reference to the accompanying drawings.For example as Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 6, suppose by different paths (light path) arrive certain bits that hologram forms face be equipped with 4 with reference to light (R1) (R2) (R3) (R4) arrive the certain bits that hologram forms face by different paths (light path) and be equipped with 3 object light (M1) (M2) (M3).In addition, this is for the purpose of simplifying the description and the condition set, is not to be defined in the calculating of carrying out with so special setting especially.As aforementioned with reference to light, be also contained in aforementioned light conductor body (10) internal reflection and arrive aforementioned ad-hoc location with reference to light, in addition as aforementioned object light, be also contained in (10) internal reflection of aforementioned light conducting plate body and arrive the object light (with reference to Fig. 3) of aforementioned ad-hoc location.
At first, for arrive aforementioned ad-hoc location a plurality of with reference to light (R1) (R2) (R3) (R4), with a plurality of object light (M1) that arrive aforementioned ad-hoc location (M2) whole combinations of (M3) calculate separately respectively and interfere, these interference data are added up to.Promptly as shown in Figure 7, there are 12 interference (the A group of Fig. 7), calculate this 12 interference respectively, these interference data are added up to (addition) as reference light and object interference of light.
In addition, as other interference, as shown in Figure 7, there are 6 (the B groups of Fig. 7) in interference each other with reference to light, there are 3 (the C groups of Fig. 7) in object light interference each other, but such interference and object light interference each other each other all is not included in the calculating and (ignores) with reference to light.
According to such computing method other a plurality of ad-hoc locations are also obtained interference data, obtain the interference fringe data by the interference data of each ad-hoc location that obtains like this.
In addition, in aforementioned calculation method, be all to be not included in the calculating with reference to light interference and object light interference each other each other, but be not defined in these computing method especially, can adopt with reference to light interference each other to be not included in the calculating and object light interference each other is included in the computing method of calculating in the calculating yet.But,, adopt preferably that interference and object light interference each other each other all is not included in method in the calculating with reference to light according to the viewpoint that thoroughly prevents to produce unwanted interference fringe.
In addition, also can adopt following the 2nd such computing method to replace aforementioned the 1st computing method.Promptly, when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light by arriving this position of each position that aforementioned hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, a plurality of for aforementioned this position of arrival of the light that is included in aforementioned light conducting plate body (10) internal reflection with reference to light, calculate separately respectively with each combination of the light of the total of a plurality of object light of aforementioned this position of arrival of the light that is included in aforementioned light conducting plate body (10) internal reflection and to interfere, these interference data are added up to, the interference each other with reference to light of aforementioned this position is not included in the calculating in addition, adopts the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data.
Be described in detail aforementioned the 2nd computing method with reference to the accompanying drawings.For example as Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 8, suppose by different paths (light path) arrive certain bits that hologram forms face be equipped with 4 with reference to light (R1) (R2) (R3) (R4) arrive the certain bits that hologram forms face by different paths (light path) and be equipped with 3 object light (M1) (M2) (M3).In addition, this is for the purpose of simplifying the description and the condition set, is not to be defined in the calculating of carrying out with so special setting especially.As aforementioned with reference to light, be also contained in aforementioned light conductor body (10) internal reflection and arrive aforementioned ad-hoc location with reference to light, in addition as aforementioned object light, be also contained in (10) internal reflection of aforementioned light conducting plate body and arrive the object light (with reference to Fig. 3) of aforementioned ad-hoc location.
At first, with a plurality of object light (M1) of arriving aforementioned ad-hoc location (M2) each complex amplitude of (M3) add up to the complex amplitude of obtaining object light (M) distribute (with reference to Fig. 8).
Then, for arrive aforementioned ad-hoc location a plurality of with reference to light (R1) (R2) (R3) (R4) calculate separately respectively with each combination of aforementioned object beam (M) and interfere, these interference data are added up to.That is, as shown in Figure 9,, calculate this 4 interference respectively, these interference data are added up to (addition) as 4 interference of interference existence (the A group of Fig. 9) of reference light and object beam.
In addition, as other interference, as shown in Figure 9, there are 6 (the B groups of Fig. 9) in interference each other with reference to light, there are 3 (the C groups of Fig. 9) in object light interference each other, but such interference and object light interference each other each other all is not included in the calculating and (ignores) with reference to light.
According to such computing method other a plurality of ad-hoc locations are also obtained interference data, obtain the interference fringe data by the interference data of each ad-hoc location that obtains like this.Also can make aforementioned computer-generated hologram (11) according to the interference fringe data of obtaining like this.
In addition, in aforementioned the 2nd computing method, be all to be not included in the calculating with reference to light interference and object light interference each other each other, but be not defined in these computing method especially, can adopt with reference to light interference each other to be not included in the calculating and object light interference each other is included in the computing method of calculating in the calculating yet.But,, adopt preferably that interference and object light interference each other each other all is not included in method in the calculating with reference to light according to the viewpoint that thoroughly prevents to produce unwanted interference fringe.
An object lesson below with reference to the method for making of the aforementioned computer-generated hologram of flowchart text shown in Figure 10 (11).
[step 1 (S1)]
Surrounding environment when setting the hologram use.Promptly, as shown in Figure 3, suppose state at bottom surface (52) the laminated configuration hologram (11) of light conducting plate body (10), suppose to make with reference to the state of light, and hypothesis disposes the state of imaginary diffusing panel (20) at the lower position of light conducting plate body (10) from the end face one side incident of aforementioned light conducting plate body (10).Suppose that there is the situation of a plurality of pointolites in position at this imagination diffusing panel (20).That is, set from the situation of this imagination diffusing panel (20) emission object light.In addition, in Fig. 3, represent object light, dot with reference to light in addition with solid line.
[step 2 (S2)]
The decision desired value.That is, setting is from the desired value of the interior distribution of the face of the emergent light intensity of the light-emitting face (51) of light conducting plate body (10) and angular distribution and polarization plane (making certain polarized light outgoing of S polarized light and P polarized light) etc.When being used for the light guide plate purposes, evenly set interior distribution of face (exit facet) of emergent light intensity usually, any position that promptly is set on exit facet forms equal light intensity.About polarization plane, when making emergent light be the S polarized light, form the reflection hologram, when making emergent light be the P polarized light, one forms transmission-type hologram.In addition, when the function of additive colour filter, the angle of diffraction that each wavelength is different are set as desired value.For example, set different angle of diffraction for R (red), G (green), B (indigo plant).
[step 3 (S3)]
With object light formulism.According to distributing in the face of the emergent light intensity of aforementioned setting and angular distribution etc., obtain that the complex amplitude of object light distributes the 1st be similar to, be the initial value of double counting.When distributing in the face of evenly setting emergent light intensity, the real part that complex amplitude distributes is certain.In addition, the angular distribution of the emergent light intensity of setting according to step 2 is obtained imaginary part.This imaginary part also can adopt simulation random numbers such as Gaussian distribution to obtain according to purpose.When not needing the additive colour filter function, also imaginary part can be handled as certain plane wave (parallel rays).As object light, preferably be also contained in the object light of hologram page and light conducting plate body (10) internal reflection.As the object light of this reflection, as long as consider maximum about three times reflected light.
[step 4 (S4)]
With reference to light formulism.Obtain from the complex amplitude distribution with reference to light of the end face one side incident of light conducting plate body (10).As this with reference to light, preferably be also contained in hologram page and light conducting plate body (10) internal reflection with reference to light.As this reflection with reference to light, as long as consider maximum about three times reflected light.
[step 5 (S5)]
The distribute complex amplitude with reference to light obtained with abovementioned steps 4 of the complex amplitude of obtaining the object light that abovementioned steps 3 obtains distributes and produces interference data when interfering.At this moment, be to adopt aforementioned the 1st computing method (with reference to Fig. 7) or the 2nd computing method (with reference to Fig. 9) as computing method.Also obtain interference data for other a plurality of ad-hoc locations.According to the interference data of each ad-hoc location that obtains like this, obtain interference fringe data (interference fringe pattern).Interference fringe pattern preferably is set at concave-convex type.
At this moment, the refractive index of hologram substrate is normally in 1.3～1.6 the scope.
[step 6 (S6)]
The interference fringe data that abovementioned steps 5 obtains are revised, made it be fit to actual restrictive condition.
That is,, revise the interference fringe data that abovementioned steps 5 is obtained, obtain the hologram figure of added limitations according to the restrictive condition of hologram.As aforementioned constraints, for example can enumerate the maximum height of concavo-convex (projection), the minimum value of concavo-convex width etc.These are restrictions of the processability in the batch operation.The minimum hologram of for example concavo-convex width, even owing to be possible in theory, but in actual manufacturing, have technical difficulty, and therefore data are revised, make to be fit to actual production.In addition, concavo-convex height can be used as continuous, perhaps also can be used as intermittently, for example also can be used as 0 and 1 two-value data.
[step 7 (S7)]
Obtain the complex amplitude of the hologram of aforementioned added limitations irradiation with reference to the diffraction light of light time distributed.Promptly carry out the emulation of reproduced light.At this moment, can consider diffraction light, also can not consider diffraction light in light conducting plate body (10) internal reflection in light conducting plate body (10) internal reflection.
In addition, when the hologram that will make is used for the backlight of liquid crystal indicator, general because the strength ratio of the S polarized light/P polarized light of emergent light is different because of the position, the complex amplitude of light that therefore must obtain the Polarizer (4) of the light guide plate (10) that sees through liquid crystal indicator successively and downside distribute (with reference to Fig. 2).
[step 8 (S8)]
The complex amplitude distribution transformation that abovementioned steps 7 is obtained is to distribute and angular distribution in the face of light intensity, compares with abovementioned steps 2 target value set.If with the difference of desired value in allowed band, then finish to calculate, the result is exported.With the difference of desired value during greater than the tolerance predesignated, the complex amplitude of revising the object light of step 3 distributes the step of repeating step below 5.For the complex amplitude of revising object light distributes, can adopt Monte Carlo method etc. to use the method for random number, also can adopt the simulated annealing method simultaneously, to add rapid convergence.
In addition, the aforementioned calculation method is just represented an example, is not to be defined in this especially.In addition, as required, also can suitably adopt the spy to open flat 9-80311 communique and spy and open the described computing method of flat 10-123919 communique and calculate.
In addition, in the aforementioned calculation method, be that hypothesis is calculated behind the state of bottom surface (52) the laminated configuration hologram (11) of light conducting plate body (10) in step 1, but also can be not to carry out such surrounding environment especially to set and calculate.
According to through the resulting interference fringe data of aforementioned a plurality of steps (interference fringe data), make computer-generated hologram (11) below.
At first,, utilize electron beam plotting unit etc., make concave-convex type hologram master by making the electronic beam curing resin solidification according to aforementioned interference fringe data.After plating metal on the male and fomale(M﹠F) of aforementioned concave-convex type hologram master, peel off this coating, by obtaining forming metal pattern like this.With this forming metal mould thermoplastic resins such as propylene resin are passed through press forming or moulding, make concave-convex type computer-generated hologram (11).
If to be the single face of light conducting plate body (10) stacked and form one for concave-convex type computer-generated hologram (11) that will obtain and light-transmitting substrate, just obtain light guide plate shown in Figure 1.
In addition, the manufacture method of aforementioned computer-generated hologram (11) is only represented an example, is not to be defined in the hologram made from such manufacture method especially.
Computer-generated hologram of the present invention (11) is not to be defined in this especially, for example can be used as diffusing panel, polarization separating element, deflecting element, diffraction element, beam splitter etc.
Figure 2 shows that an example of the liquid crystal indicator (1) that uses computer hologram of the present invention (11) and constitute below.In Fig. 2, (2) are liquid crystal cells, and (3) and (4) are Polarizer, and (5) are the edge light type backlight.Dispose Polarizer (3) and (4) in the both sides up and down of foregoing liquid crystal unit (2) respectively, utilize these members (2) (3) (4) to constitute liquid crystal display cells.
Side configuration light conducting plate body (10) is stated computer hologram (11A) at the bottom surface layer prestack of this light conducting plate body (10) below the Polarizer (4) of aforementioned downside, forms one.This computer hologram (11A) is the reflection-type computer-generated hologram.Aforementioned computer-generated hologram (11A) is according to the computer-generated hologram of the interference fringe data made that obtains through abovementioned steps 1 to 8, has optical diffraction function and polarized light separation function (the only function of outgoing S polarized light).At the left side of aforementioned light conducting plate body (10) side configuration light source (6), at the more lateral of this light source (6) configuration reflecting plate (7).A side and right side one side below aforementioned light conducting plate body (10) dispose the direction of polarized light shift means (12) that at least a portion of P polarized light component is transformed to S polarized light component back reflection again.In this example, adopt diffuse reflector as aforementioned direction of polarized light shift means (12).
Foregoing liquid crystal unit (2) be on transparency electrodes such as ITO (composite oxides of copper tin) or tin oxide across frame shape encapsulant and form the combining of a pair of transparency carrier (glass or plastics etc.) up and down of alignment films, enclose liquid crystal in the aforementioned frame shape of the usefulness encapsulant area surrounded between these two transparency carriers and constitute.As aforementioned alignment films, can use the employed alignment films of liquid crystal indicator in the past, for example can enumerate polymeric membranes such as polyimide, polyamide, other also has inoranic membranes such as monox, aluminium oxide etc., and these polymeric membranes or inoranic membrane can for example utilize friction to form.Perhaps also can form alignment films by oblique evaporation silit.And then can also with inoranic membranes such as its stacked monox or titanium dioxide as dielectric film, also can stacked photomask or color filter etc.In addition, between transparency electrode and transparency carrier, also can stackedly prevent the inoranic membrane (monox or aluminium oxide etc.) that the alkali stripping is used, in addition also can stacked photomask or color filter etc.In this example, be the TN type liquid crystal display cells that adopts 90 ° of distortions as liquid crystal cells (2).
Aforementioned up and down a pair of Polarizer (3) (4) is configured to make the mutually perpendicular state of its axis of homology, and the axis of homology of these Polarizers (3) (4) is configured to parallel with the direction of orientation of the liquid crystal molecule of liquid crystal cells (2) in addition.
Can adopt for example light emitting diode, cold-cathode fluorescence lamp or incandescent lamp etc. as aforementioned light source (6).
Like this in foregoing liquid crystal display device (1), from the light of light source (6) as shown in Figure 2, in the left side incident light conducting plate body (10) of light conducting plate body (10).At this moment, utilize reflecting plate (7) reflection from the part of the light of light source (6) after, in the left side incident light conducting plate body (10) of light conducting plate body (10).This incident light is the nonpolarized light with S polarized light component and P polarized light component.In Fig. 2, represent S polarized light (polarization plane is vertical with paper) with solid line, dot P polarized light (polarization plane is parallel with paper) in addition.
S polarized light component in the incident light of the aforementioned light conducting plate body of incident (10) arrives the bottom surface (52) of light conducting plate body (10) as shown in Figure 2, utilizes computer-generated hologram (11A) upwards to carry out diffraction, in the aforementioned downside Polarizer of incident (4).At this moment, utilize aforementioned computer-generated hologram (11A) to carry out diffraction owing to arrive the only S polarized light component from the light of light source of the bottom surface (52) of light conducting plate body (10) with the angle of diffraction of particular range, therefore can control from the extended corner (angular range) of the light of light-emitting face (51) outgoing of light conducting plate body (10), can make in the aforementioned downside Polarizer of diffraction light incident (4) that carries out angle control like this.
The axis of homology of aforementioned downside Polarizer (4) is because consistent with the direction of polarized light of S polarized light component, therefore the S polarized light of the aforementioned downside Polarizer of incident (4) does not produce any light loss, and see through downside Polarizer (4), in the incident foregoing liquid crystal unit (2), be used as illumination light.At this moment, owing to can fully control, therefore can fully shine the display surface of liquid crystal display cells showing the light of effective angular range from the extended corner of the light of light-emitting face (51) outgoing of aforementioned light conducting plate body (10).
In addition, P polarized light component (dotting among Fig. 2) in the incident light of the aforementioned light conducting plate body of incident (10) as shown in Figure 2, even arrive the computer-generated hologram (11A) of the bottom surface (52) of light conducting plate body (10), but do not produce diffraction and reflect with this computer-generated hologram (11A), behind interreflection between the light-emitting face (51) of light conducting plate body (10) and bottom surface (52), right side outgoing from aforementioned light conducting plate body (10), reflect with direction of polarized light shift means (12), once more in the aforementioned light conducting plate body of incident (10).In this example, owing to adopt diffuse reflector as aforementioned direction of polarized light shift means (12), therefore the P polarized light from the right side outgoing of aforementioned light conducting plate body (10) carries out diffuse reflection with this diffuse reflector (12), becomes the nonpolarized light that comprises P polarized light component and S polarized light component.That is, utilize diffuse reflector (12) to be transformed to the S polarized light from the part of the P polarized light of the right side outgoing of aforementioned light conducting plate body (10), again in the aforementioned light conducting plate body of incident (10).
In addition, the part of the P polarized light component of the aforementioned light conducting plate body of incident (10) sees through aforementioned computer-generated hologram (11A), direction of polarized light shift means (12) with a following side that is configured in aforementioned light conducting plate body (10) reflects, again in the aforementioned light conducting plate body of incident (10).In this example, as aforementioned direction of polarized light shift means (12) owing to adopt diffuse reflector, therefore the P polarized light of a side outgoing below aforementioned light conducting plate body (10) carries out diffuse reflection with this diffuse reflector (12), becomes the nonpolarized light that comprises P polarized light component and S polarized light component.That is, the part of the P polarized light of a side outgoing utilizes diffuse reflector (12) to be transformed to the S polarized light below aforementioned light conducting plate body (10), again in the aforementioned light conducting plate body of incident (10).
So in aforementioned light guide plate (10) from its right side and below a side again the S polarized light of incident utilize aforementioned computer-generated hologram (11A) to carry out diffraction, in the aforementioned downside Polarizer of incident (4).In the liquid crystal indicator of this example, owing to can not make the waste of P polarized light component like this, be transformed to the S polarized light component, be used as illumination light, therefore can significantly improve the light utilization ratio.
Figure 4 shows that below use other computer-generated hologram of the present invention (11B) and constitute liquid crystal indicator (1)-example.Dispose Polarizer (3) and (4) in the both sides up and down of liquid crystal cells (2) respectively, utilize these members (2) (3) (4) to constitute liquid crystal display cells.Side configuration light conducting plate body (10) below the Polarizer (4) of aforementioned downside, stacked computer-generated hologram (11B) on this light conducting plate body (10) forms one.This computer-generated hologram (11B) is the transmission-type computer-generated hologram.Aforementioned computer-generated hologram (11B) is according to the computer-generated hologram of the interference fringe data made that obtains through abovementioned steps 1～8, has light diffusion function and polarized light separation function (the only function of outgoing P polarized light).At the left side of aforementioned light conducting plate body (10) side configuration light source (6), at the more lateral of this light source (6) configuration reflecting plate (7).A side and right side one side below aforementioned light conducting plate body (10) dispose the direction of polarized light shift means (12) that at least a portion of P polarized light component is transformed to S polarized light component back reflection again.In this example, adopt diffuse reflector as aforementioned direction of polarized light shift means (12).
Figure 5 shows that an example of the liquid crystal indicator (1) that uses other other computer-generated hologram (11C) of the present invention and constitute.Dispose Polarizer (3) and (4) in the both sides up and down of liquid crystal cells (2) respectively, utilize these members (2) (3) (4) to constitute liquid crystal display cells.Side configuration light conducting plate body (10) below the Polarizer (4) of aforementioned downside.Configuration has the light-focusing function of optically focused in the demonstration for liquid crystal display cells is effective angular range, has a computer-generated hologram (11C) of polarized light separation function (the only function of outgoing S polarized light) simultaneously between the Polarizer (4) of aforementioned downside and aforementioned light conducting plate body (10).This computer-generated hologram (11C) is the computer-generated hologram according to the interference fringe data made that obtains through abovementioned steps 1～8.But, in step 1, do not carry out the setting of surrounding environment.That is, adopt and not suppose that light conducting plate body is configured in that the setting of the state of surrounding environment calculates.At the left side of aforementioned light conducting plate body (10) side configuration light source (6), at the more lateral of this light source (6) configuration reflecting plate (7).A side and right side one side below aforementioned light conducting plate body (10) dispose the direction of polarized light shift means (12) that at least a portion of P polarized light component is transformed to S polarized light component back reflection again.In this example, adopt diffuse reflector as aforementioned direction of polarized light shift means (12).
In addition, in above-mentioned example, all be a following side and right side one side that direction of polarized light shift means (12) is configured in light conducting plate body (10), but be not to be defined in such configuration especially, direction of polarized light shift means (12) is as long as be configured in one side at least in the four sides remaining except the light entrance face of aforementioned light guide plate and light-emitting face (51).
In addition, in above-mentioned example, all be to adopt diffuse reflector, but be not to be defined in such member especially as direction of polarized light shift means (12).As aforementioned direction of polarized light shift means (12), also can adopt λ/4 phasic difference plates and mirror reflective plate to constitute.That is, can adopt one side at least in four sides remaining except the light entrance face of aforementioned light guide plate and light-emitting face (51) across the structure of λ/4 phasic difference plates configuration mirror reflective plate.In this case, if for example the structure with Fig. 2 is that example describes, then from the P polarized light component of aforementioned light conducting plate body (10) outgoing at first when seeing through λ/4 phasic difference plates, be transformed to left circularly polarized light, this left circularly polarized light reflects with aforementioned mirror reflective plate, be transformed to right-circularly polarized light at this reflex time, this right-circularly polarized light is when seeing through aforementioned λ/4 phasic difference plates once more, be transformed to the S polarized light component, P polarized light from aforementioned light conducting plate body (10) outgoing utilizes λ/4 phasic difference plates and mirror reflective plate to be transformed to the S polarized light like this, reenters and penetrates in the tabula rasa body (10).The S polarized light of incident utilizes aforementioned computer-generated hologram (11A) to carry out diffraction again, in the aforementioned downside Polarizer of incident (4).
In addition, in above-mentioned example, be to adopt TN type liquid crystal display cells as liquid crystal cells (2), but be not to be defined in such liquid crystal especially, for example also can adopt supertwist to row (STN) type liquid crystal display cells.Perhaps, also can adopt the liquid crystal display cells of other pattern of directly utilizing polarized light component.In addition, thus also can adopt and make color form the FSTN type liquid crystal display cells and the DSTN type liquid crystal display cells of white and black displays the stacked phasic difference plate of aforementioned STN type liquid crystal display cells or other liquid crystal cells.Have again, also color filter and these liquid crystal display cells can be combined to form the colored colored STN type liquid crystal display cells that shows.
In addition, as aforementioned light conducting plate body (10), example adopts light-emitting face (51) and bottom surface (52) to form the member (cross section is the member of rectangular shape) of parallel shape like that as described above, also can adopt light-emitting face (51) and bottom surface (52) to be configured to non-parallel shape and forms the member of wedge shape.

Claims (21)

1. an optical element is characterized in that,
Has the computer-generated hologram of making according to following method, promptly when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light because of arriving this position of each position that hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, to a plurality of each with reference to light of arriving described this position with reference to light, each combination of the light that adds up to the complex amplitude of the object light that arrives same position is calculated separately respectively and is interfered, these interference data are added up to, the interference each other with reference to light of described this position simultaneously is not included in the calculating, utilize the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data, make computer-generated hologram according to the interference fringe data of obtaining like this.
2. an optical element is characterized in that,
Has the computer-generated hologram of making according to following method, promptly when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light because of arriving this position of each position that hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, interfere for a plurality of the calculating separately respectively with each combination of a plurality of object light that arrive same position that arrives described this position with reference to light, these interference data are added up to, the interference each other with reference to light of described this position is not included in the calculating in addition, utilize the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data, make computer-generated hologram according to the interference fringe data of obtaining like this.
3. an optical element is characterized in that,
Has the computer-generated hologram of making according to following method, promptly when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light because of arriving this position of each position that hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, interfere for a plurality of the calculating separately respectively with each combination of a plurality of object light that arrive same position that arrives described this position with reference to light, these interference data are added up to, the interference and the object light interference each other each other with reference to light of described this position all is not included in the calculating in addition, utilize the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data, make computer-generated hologram according to the interference fringe data of obtaining like this.
4. as each described optical element of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that,
Described computer-generated hologram is the concave-convex type hologram.
5. a light guide plate is characterized in that,
Has each described optical element of claim 1 to 3.
6. a backlight is characterized in that,
Have the described light guide plate of claim 5 and be configured in the light source of at least one end face one side of this light guide plate.
7. a liquid crystal indicator is characterized in that having
Liquid crystal cells,
Be configured in the upside polarization plate of upper and lower surface side of this liquid crystal cells and downside polarization plate and
Be configured in the backlight as claimed in claim 6 of a following side of described downside polarization plate.
8. an optical element is characterized in that,
Be to constitute at the stacked computer-generated hologram of the single face of light-transmitting substrate,
Described computer-generated hologram is the computer-generated hologram of making according to following method, promptly suppose state at the stacked hologram of single face of described light-transmitting substrate, and hypothesis is from least one end face side incident of described light-transmitting substrate state with reference to light, when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light because of arriving this position of each position that described hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, to a plurality of each with reference to light of described this position of arrival of the light that comprises described light-transmitting substrate internal reflection with reference to light, each combination of the light that adds up to the complex amplitude of the object light of described this position of arrival of the light that comprises described light-transmitting substrate internal reflection is calculated separately respectively and is interfered, these interference data are added up to, the interference each other with reference to light of described this position is not included in the calculating in addition, utilize the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data, make computer-generated hologram according to the interference fringe data of obtaining like this.
9. an optical element is characterized in that,
Be to constitute at the stacked computer-generated hologram of the single face of light-transmitting substrate,
Described computer-generated hologram is the computer-generated hologram of making in accordance with the following methods, promptly suppose state at the stacked hologram of single face of described light-transmitting substrate, and hypothesis is from least one end face side incident of described light-transmitting substrate state with reference to light, when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light because of arriving this position of each position that described hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, a plurality of for described this position of arrival of the light that comprises described light-transmitting substrate internal reflection with reference to light, calculate separately respectively with each combination of a plurality of object light of described this position of arrival of the light that comprises described light-transmitting substrate internal reflection and to interfere, these interference data are added up to, the interference each other with reference to light of described this position is not included in the calculating in addition, utilize the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data, make computer-generated hologram according to the interference fringe data of obtaining like this.
10. an optical element is characterized in that,
Be to constitute at the stacked computer-generated hologram of the single face of light-transmitting substrate,
Described computer-generated hologram is the computer-generated hologram of making according to following method, promptly suppose state at the stacked hologram of single face of described light-transmitting substrate, and hypothesis is from least one end face side incident of described light-transmitting substrate state with reference to light, when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light because of arriving this position of each position that described hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, a plurality of for described this position of arrival of the light that comprises described light-transmitting substrate internal reflection with reference to light, calculate separately respectively with the combination of a plurality of object light of described this position of arrival of the light that comprises described light-transmitting substrate internal reflection and to interfere, these interference data are added up to, the interference and the object light interference each other each other with reference to light of described this position is not included in the calculating in addition, utilize the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data, make computer-generated hologram according to the interference fringe data of obtaining like this.
11. as each described optical element of claim 8 to 10, it is characterized in that,
Described computer-generated hologram is the concave-convex type hologram.
12. as each described optical element of claim 8 to 10, it is characterized in that,
Described computer-generated hologram is the concave-convex type hologram, and it makes the hologram master according to aforementioned interference fringe data, adopts the shaping die that is formed mould by described hologram master, utilizes pressing or injection molding to be shaped and obtains the concave-convex type hologram.
13. a light guide plate is characterized in that,
Has each described optical element of claim 8 to 10.
14. a backlight is characterized in that,
Have the described light guide plate of claim 13 and be configured in the light source of at least one end face one side of this light guide plate.
15. backlight as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that,
Described light source is a light emitting diode.
16. backlight as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that,
Described light source is a cold-cathode fluorescence lamp.
17. a liquid crystal indicator is characterized in that having
Liquid crystal cells,
Be configured in the upside polarization plate of upper and lower surface side of this liquid crystal cells and downside polarization plate and
Be configured in each described backlight of claim 14 to 16 of a following side of the polarization plate of described downside.
18. a manufacturing method of light conducting board is characterized in that, this manufacture method comprises following operation:
Calculation process, described calculation process is the state of hypothesis at the stacked hologram of single face of light-transmitting substrate, and hypothesis is from least one end face side incident of described light-transmitting substrate state with reference to light, when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light because of arriving this position of each position that described hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, for a plurality of each with reference to light of described this position of arrival of the light that comprises described light-transmitting substrate internal reflection with reference to light, each combination of the light that adds up to the complex amplitude of the object light of described this position of arrival of the light that comprises described light-transmitting substrate internal reflection is calculated separately respectively and is interfered, these interference data are added up to, the interference each other with reference to light of described this position is not included in the calculating in addition, utilizes the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data;
According to described interference fringe data, make the operation of concave-convex type hologram master;
After the male and fomale(M﹠F) to described concave-convex type hologram master plates metal, peel off this coating and obtain the operation of metal pattern;
Utilize described metal pattern by thermoplastic resin being carried out the operation that press forming or moulding obtain the concave-convex type computer-generated hologram; And
The single face of described concave-convex type computer-generated hologram and light-transmitting substrate is stacked and form the operation of one.
19. a manufacturing method of light conducting board is characterized in that, this manufacture method comprises following operation:
Calculation process, described calculation process is the state of hypothesis at the stacked hologram of single face of light-transmitting substrate, and hypothesis is from least one end face side incident of described light-transmitting substrate state with reference to light, when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light because of arriving this position of each position that described hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, a plurality of for described this position of arrival of the light that comprises described light-transmitting substrate internal reflection with reference to light, calculate separately respectively with each combination of a plurality of object light of described this position of arrival of the light that comprises described light-transmitting substrate internal reflection and to interfere, these interference data are added up to, the interference each other with reference to light of described this position is not included in the calculating in addition, utilizes the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data;
According to described interference fringe data, make the operation of concave-convex type hologram master;
After the male and fomale(M﹠F) to described concave-convex type hologram master plates metal, peel off this coating and obtain the operation of metal pattern;
Utilize described metal pattern by thermoplastic resin being carried out the operation that press forming or moulding obtain the concave-convex type computer-generated hologram; And
The single face of described concave-convex type computer-generated hologram and light-transmitting substrate is stacked and form the operation of one.
20. a manufacturing method of light conducting board is characterized in that, this manufacture method comprises following operation:
Calculation process, described calculation process is the state of hypothesis at the stacked hologram of single face of light-transmitting substrate, and hypothesis is from least one end face side incident of described light-transmitting substrate state with reference to light, when the interference that produces with reference to light and object light because of arriving this position of each position that described hologram is formed face is calculated with computing machine respectively, a plurality of for described this position of arrival of the light that comprises described light-transmitting substrate internal reflection with reference to light, calculate separately respectively with each combination of a plurality of object light of described this position of arrival of the light that comprises described light-transmitting substrate internal reflection and to interfere, these interference data are added up to, the interference and the object light interference each other each other with reference to light of described this position all is not included in the calculating in addition, utilizes the computing method of calculating like this to obtain the interference fringe data;
According to described interference fringe data, make the operation of concave-convex type hologram master;
After the male and fomale(M﹠F) to described concave-convex type hologram master plates metal, peel off this coating and obtain the operation of metal pattern;
Utilize described metal pattern by thermoplastic resin being carried out the operation that press forming or moulding obtain the concave-convex type computer-generated hologram; And
The single face of described concave-convex type computer-generated hologram and light-transmitting substrate is stacked and form the operation of one.
21. a light guide plate is characterized in that,
It is the light guide plate of utilizing each described manufacture method of claim 18 to 20.
CNB2005100650706A 2004-04-08 2005-04-08 Optical element, light guiding plate, backlight source and LCD device for synthetizing hologram by computer Expired - Fee Related CN100420998C (en)

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