CN100417447C - 一种在高温条件下通过改变压力调变催化剂酸量和酸强度的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种在高温条件下通过改变压力调变催化剂酸量和酸强度的方法属于催化剂制备、改性及应用技术领域。涉及一种通过在高温条件下改变压力调变催化剂酸量和酸强度的方法。本发明是通过高温条件下改变压力实现催化剂酸量和酸强度的调变,具体为:在0.1~10MPa压力范围,将一定粒度的分子筛催化剂,在惰性气体保护下,在200~800℃的温度处理1~4h,通过改变压力调变催化剂的酸量和酸强度。本发明所达到的有益效果和益处是,催化剂的酸量和酸强度的调变,只需在一定温度下进行热处理,通过改变压力即可实现,具有耗时短、操作简单、方便、有效和环境友好等优点。主要适用于石油与精细化工领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂制备、改性及应用技术领域。具体地说是涉及一种在高温条件下通过改变压力调变催化剂酸量和酸强度的方法。
背景技术
分子筛是一种具有均匀微孔结构的酸性材料,广泛应用于石油和精细化工领域。分子筛催化剂的酸分布,如酸量、酸种类、酸强度对于非均相催化如催化裂解、异构化、烷基化、芳构化等酸式反应具有重要的影响,而且不同的反应通常对应不同的酸要求。例如,对于芳烃的烷基化,较弱的酸性有利于该反应的进行,因此调变催化剂的酸量、酸类型以及酸强度尤为重要。目前,改变催化剂酸分布的方法主要分以下几类:
1.离子交换法。该法主要是在溶液中通过改变交换阳离子的类型和数量来调节改变催化的酸强度和酸浓度。(王祥生等,石油学报(石油加工),1991,7(3):100-105)。
2.浸渍法。该法特点是通过浸渍碱性化合物的溶液后,进行干燥分解生成碱性氧化物来中和催化剂的酸量。(蔡光宇等,催化学报,1985,6:30)。但该方法仅中和催化剂表面的酸性。
3.化学气相或液相沉积法。该方法是通过气相(Niwa et al.J.Phys.Chem.,1986,90,6233-6237)或者液相(Yue et al.Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.1996,35,430-433)沉积硅化物,然后经水解或者高温分解生成氧化硅,覆盖催化剂的表面酸量。该方法容易引起孔口和孔道缩小或者堵塞。
4.同晶取代法。该方法的特点是晶体结构不变的情况下,通过改变骨架组成来调节催化剂的酸性。可以通过原位合成或者对母体催化剂用溶液的办法进行后处理,将其它非金属、金属或者过渡金属来取代骨架中的铝(Komatsu et al.,Stud.Surf.Sci.Catal.84(1994)1821)。
上述这几类方法均存在过程复杂,耗时长、有大量废水产生等缺点。
5.水热处理法。该方法的特点是将一定粒度的分子筛催化剂在高温下,通常在500℃以上,通入一定量的水蒸气,通过改变处理温度和水蒸气的分压来调节催化剂的酸分布(曾昭槐等,催化学报,1986,7,19)。该方法处理温度通常比较高,而且过程相对复杂。
6.高温焙烧法。该方法的特点是通常在较高温度下,高于500℃,与水热处理不同,在没有水蒸气存在的条件下,通过高的处理温度引起分子筛催化剂发生脱铝反应,提高硅铝比来调节催化剂的酸量(Hong,Y.et al.MicroporousMaterials,4(1995):323-334)。
方法5和6在要求减少的催化剂酸量和降低的催化剂酸强度较大时,通常需要改变水蒸气的分压或者提高处理温度,因此对于水热稳定性差的沸石分子筛容易引起骨架塌陷,晶体结构破坏,而且过程复杂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种操作简单、高效、环境友好的在高温条件下通过改变压力调变催化剂酸量和酸强度的方法。
本发明的技术解决方案是,一种在高温条件下通过改变压力调变催化剂酸量和酸强度的方法,在压力为0.1MPa、温度为25℃的标准计量的流速为20-100ml/min惰性气氛下,将氢型分子筛以1-5℃/min加热到150-400℃,脱出分子筛物理吸附水,然后根据需要得到的催化剂酸量和酸强度,设定处理压力、温度和时间进行催化剂处理。催化剂的酸量和酸强度包括催化剂的酸量、酸强度和酸种类。在200-800℃温度范围进行热处理1-4h,通过改变热处理的压力在0.1-10MPa范围内,可得到具有不同酸量和酸强度的催化剂,实现分子筛催化剂的酸量和酸强度的调变。
所述的惰性气氛为氮气、氩气、氦气或二氧化碳。
所述的氢型分子筛是ZSM-5、Y、Beta或丝光沸石。
所述的氢型分子筛粒度为20-100目。
本发明的有益效果是,采用在高温条件下通过改变压力调变催化剂酸量和酸强度的方法,可以根据所需要的酸量和酸强度,只需在一定温度下,通过改变处理压力即可实现,具有高效、简单、耗时少、环境友好等优点。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式,对本发明作进一步的说明,但本发明并不仅限于此实施例。
图1是本发明的ZSM-5在不同处理条件下对应NH3-TPD分布图。
图中,□为未经处理的HZSM-5原粉;○为处理温度为200℃,压力为8MPa,时间为2h样品;△为处理温度400℃,压力8MPa,时间为2h样品;为处理温度500℃,压力3MPa,时间2h样品;◇为处理温度500℃,压力6MPa,时间2h样品;+为处理温度500℃,压力8MPa,时间2h样品;×为处理温度500℃,压力8MPa,时间4h样品;*为在500℃下采用100%水蒸气处理4h的ZSM-5样品。
图2是本发明的ZSM-5原粉和经500℃和压力为8MPa处理2h后对应的Py-IR比较图。
图3是本发明的H-Beta原粉和经500℃,8MPa处理2h后的NH3-TPD的比较图。
图中,□为H-Beta原粉;○为本发明经500℃,8MPa处理2h后H-Beta。
具体实施方式
实施例1
选用催化剂为HZSM-5,对应硅铝比为38(南开大学催化剂厂生产)。将3g催化剂压片成型后筛分至20~40目置于反应器中部。然后在高纯氮气(纯度99.99%)保护下,以4℃/min的速率升至400℃以脱出物理吸附水,然后设定压力为8.0MPa,在500℃下处理2h。处理后的催化剂经傅立叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射表征,证明处理后催化剂仍然保持ZSM-5的特征峰,说明晶体结构没有改变。催化剂的酸类型采用通用的吡啶吸附红外法测定,在1540cm-1处为对应的酸,1450cm-1处为对应的Lewis酸。催化剂的酸量和酸强度采用通用的NH3-TPD来考察,谱图中通常出现两个峰,根据出峰的顺序分为弱酸和强酸,峰所对应的温度来表示对应的酸强度,峰下的面积表示对应的酸量。对应的酸量和酸强度如图1和图2。
实施例2
选用催化剂为氢型Beta,硅铝比为22(自制)。按照实施例1同样的方法,处理催化剂,处理温度和压力同上,均为500℃和8.0MPa。对应的酸量和酸强度如图3。
实施例3
将实施例1中的处理温度变为200℃和400℃,其它实施过程类同于实施例1。催化剂酸量和酸强度如图1。
实施例4
将实施例1中的处理压力变为3.0MPa和6.0MPa,其它实施过程类同于实施例1。
实施例5
将实施例1中的处理时间变为4h,其它实施过程类同于实施例1。对应的酸量和酸强度示于图1。
对比例1
采用水热处理方法改变催化剂酸性。具体实施过程如下:将实施例1中的HZSM-5筛分成20~40目,常压下,在500℃下通入100%的水蒸气处理4h。对应的酸量和酸强度示于图1。
Claims (4)
1. 一种在高温条件下通过改变压力调变催化剂酸量和酸强度的方法,其特征在于,在压力为0.1MPa、温度为25℃的标准计量的流速为20-100ml/min惰性气氛下,将氢型分子筛以1-5℃/min加热到150-400℃,然后在200-800℃温度范围进行热处理1-4h,通过改变热处理的压力在0.1-10MPa范围内,实现分子筛催化剂的酸量和酸强度的调变。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种在高温条件下通过改变压力调变催化剂酸量和酸强度的方法,其特征在于,所述的惰性气氛为氮气、氩气、氦气或二氧化碳。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种在高温条件下通过改变压力调变催化剂酸量和酸强度的方法,其特征在于,所述的氢型分子筛是ZSM-5、Y、Beta或丝光沸石。
4. 根据权利要求1或3所述的一种在高温条件下通过改变压力调变催化剂酸量和酸强度的方法,其特征在于,所述的氢型分子筛粒度为20-100目。
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