CN100416096C - Reciprocating compressor and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Reciprocating compressor and its manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100416096C
CN100416096C CNB2004100807638A CN200410080763A CN100416096C CN 100416096 C CN100416096 C CN 100416096C CN B2004100807638 A CNB2004100807638 A CN B2004100807638A CN 200410080763 A CN200410080763 A CN 200410080763A CN 100416096 C CN100416096 C CN 100416096C
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
piston
spheric seating
piston rod
reciprocal compressor
patina
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Expired - Fee Related
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CNB2004100807638A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1605754A (en
Inventor
山中敏夫
前田幸雄
关山伸哉
加藤和弥
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Meizhi Weiling Application Parts Thailand Co ltd
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Hitachi Appliances Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/0005—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/008—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of engine cylinder parts or of piston parts other than piston rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/0005—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons
    • F04B39/0022—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons piston rods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/0094—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 crankshaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/12—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder heads; Fluid connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
    • F16J1/001—One-piece pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
    • F16J1/01—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers characterised by the use of particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
    • F16J1/10—Connection to driving members
    • F16J1/14—Connection to driving members with connecting-rods, i.e. pivotal connections
    • F16J1/20—Connection to driving members with connecting-rods, i.e. pivotal connections with rolling contact, other than in ball or roller bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/06—Separate outdoor units, e.g. outdoor unit to be linked to a separate room comprising a compressor and a heat exchanger
    • F24F1/08—Compressors specially adapted for separate outdoor units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/241—Chemical after-treatment on the surface
    • B22F2003/242—Coating

Abstract

The invention relates to manufacturing a compressor for providing high compression efficiency in a short time, by improving machining accuracy of a spherical surface receiver of a piston, in a reciprocating compressor having a spherical surface receiver of a piston connected with a spherical body part of a piston rod. The reciprocating compressor has a cylinder, the piston rod, and the piston reciprocating in the cylinder. The piston rod has a spherical joint connected with the piston. The piston has the spherical surface receiver having a curved surface in contact with the spherical joint. The curved surface of the spherical surface receiver is formed by machining sintered metal that has not been subjected to steam treatment, and then the curved surface is subjected to the stream treatment. Preferably, the curved surface is subjected to crude processing before the steam treatment, and then the curved surface is subjected to finishing processing by machining.

Description

Reciprocal compressor and manufacture method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to be mainly used in the reciprocal compressor of aircondition and refrigerating plant.
Background technique
Spherical joint connects the reciprocal compressor that piston and piston rod constitute, and is applicable to tilted-plate compressor in the on-board air conditioner in the past or the hermetic type compressor in the refrigerated warehouse etc.
One of this compressor has used the technology of being put down in writing in the patent documentation 1.
Put down in writing in the Te Kaiping 5-209588 communique, the part that is connected with piston is the piston rod of spheroid, piston with the spheric seating that is connected with the spheroid of piston rod, to the sintered alloy after the metal powder sintered moulding, when implementing the steam treatment manufacturing, the distinctive emptying aperture sealing of hole of sintered alloy can be able to be improved wear resistance performance.
And record, implement grinding and remove the deoxidation adventitia becoming piston active part outer circumferential face, can make dimensionally stable, can also make the distinctive emptying aperture of sintered alloy complete and soak into lubricant oil.
The spy opens the spheric seating of putting down in writing in the 2003-3956 communique that is formed by steelmet, and opening diameter is less than the sphere diameter of piston rod.
Summary of the invention
In technology in the past, in the order that relates to steam treatment operation and machining operation, do not consider machining accuracy and process time the aspect problem.
Iron is that sintering metal is in metal mold after the moulding of added metal powders compression, heating make between the metal powder in conjunction with and the material that obtains but in manufacture process, because of metallic dust is in not heating before the molten state, merges between metallic dust fully.Therefore, there is emptying aperture between metallic dust, almost do not have extensibility.So, brittle failure can take place when making the sintering metal plastic deformation, so, shown in Figure 1 as in Fig. 6 in the patent documentation 1 and the patent documentation 2, when making the spheric seating opening diameter less than the structure of sphere maximum diameter, promptly when opening direction is made the undergauge shape, be difficult to adopt plastic deformation to carry out moulding.
And, forming under the situation of desirable shape by common metal mould sintering, shown in Figure 1 as in the patent documentation 1 must be the opening diameter of spheric seating, makes identically with the sphere maximum diameter or greater than the sphere maximum diameter.
But in this shape, the spheroid of piston rod may be deviate from from spheric seating.
Therefore, considered to implement not carry out plastic deformation and had a method of the reciprocal compressor of the sintering metal system spheric seating that the bent axle nearside at the piston rod spheroid covers.
As this method, the mode that the inventor adopts is, behind processing cylinder hole on the sintering metal, adopt machining formation spheres such as lathe grinding, again the part of sphere is removed, formation reduces two opposing sides of width, utilizes two opposing sides of this spheric seating and this spheroid, and spheroid is inserted in the spheric seating.
On the basis of carrying out this machining, the inventor also considers, do not carry out machining after alloy sintering and carries out steam treatment, carries out machining subsequently again.
But, show that with compressor evaluation result manufacturing time is very long, and cutting is big with the flank abrasion of cutter with spheroid seat of making by this way.Therefore, the curved surface after the processing of spheroid seat is bad as can be known, and the mobility of piston rod is poor, and compression efficiency is reduced.
In addition, cause that by above-mentioned emptying aperture the pressurized gas in the cylinder leaks, can be stopped up by the oxide that is shaped by steam treatment, but under the big situation of bite, can remove oxide layer fully, be easy to generate the pressurized gas leakage that aforementioned emptying aperture causes, the situation that also has compression efficiency to descend.
So, the objective of the invention is to the smooth mobility that improves piston rod by addressing these problems, thereby improve the compression efficiency of reciprocal compressor.
The application includes multiple solution to the problems described above, but exemplary process is as follows.
In the method that the present invention deals with problems, as the piston that is connected with the piston rod of reciprocal compressor, before the patina on forming spheric seating, machinings such as employing cutting are removed unnecessary portions, carry out steam treatment subsequently.Implement accurate machining then as required.
Like this, can prevent to follow processing and the curved surface that produces is coarse, improve the slickness of piston rod activity, so, the compression efficiency of compressor can be improved.
And, because of before steam treatment, having passed through one-time mechanical processing,, particularly use under the situation of iron by the spheric seating oxide that steam treatment forms, the abundant residual tri-iron tetroxide of meeting (Fe3O4) layer, so, can suppress the leakage of pressurized gas in the cylinder.
According to the present invention, can improve the compression efficiency of reciprocal compressor.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sectional arrangement drawing of expression embodiment of the present invention one embodiment's compressor.
Fig. 2 is the sectional arrangement drawing of expression piston and piston rod bonding state.
Fig. 3 is the explanatory drawing of embodiment's piston manufacturing procedure of expression embodiment of the present invention and the sectional arrangement drawing of piston.
Fig. 4 is the plotted curve of an example of instrument abrasion when processing sintering metal with the abrasion width means of cutter flank.
Fig. 5 is the plan view of expression piston, piston rod, cylinder block outward appearance.
Fig. 6 expresses the spheric seating summit jagged piston sectional arrangement drawing is set.
Fig. 7 is the experimental condition table that expression obtains result shown in Figure 4.
Embodiment
Referring to figs. 1 through Fig. 6 an example of the present invention is described.
Fig. 1 is the freezing sectional arrangement drawing with an example of reciprocal compressor of expression.
In this reciprocal compressor, freezing mixture uses as hydrocarbons such as isobutanes, configuration motor and by this compressors driven structure in seal container is container 6.
Motor has stator 5a and rotor 5b.
On this rotor 5b, be connected and fixed bent axle 4.
Bent axle 4 is configured to penetrate in the bearing 2b that form, that have the certain thickness hole of cylinder block 2 part places, and can rotate along with the rotation of rotor 5b.
On bent axle 4, be formed with core shift pin 4a, can rotate along with the rotation of rotor 5b.
On pin 4a, connecting the piston rod 3 that the axle horizontal expansion of bent axle relatively.
Piston rod 3 ends at contiguous cylinder barrel are connecting piston 1.
Piston 1 is supported by cylinder barrel 2a, and the commentaries on classics of bent axle is revolved and moved through piston rod, the rotational transform of rotor 5b is become the straight reciprocating motion of piston outlet and pathway basically identical.
And not on the end face of abuts piston bar one side, secure fit has valve system 7 at cylinder barrel 2a, this valve system 7 has valve, this valve control freezing mixture discrepancy in cylinder barrel 2a is installed with baffler 8 on valve system 7, this baffler 8 reduces to compress the noise of discharging freezing mixture.
Oiling agent is being stored in bottom at container 6, upwards inhales existing sliding parts in lubricated bent axle 4, piston rod 3, cylinder block 2 and the piston 1 from the lower end of bent axle 4.
In the example of present embodiment, spherical joint is used in being connected of piston 1 and piston rod 3.
The structure of this spherical joint is described with reference to Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 is the sectional arrangement drawing that is connected with the piston 1 of piston rod 3, is the enlarged view of cutting expression piston rod 3 and piston 1 joint along the A-A section among Fig. 1 open.Piston rod 3 is in the end of cylinder barrel side, and the part undergauge (sectional area diminishes) beyond the spheroid of piston rod 3 is used to prevent and the contacting of spheric seating.And the first end of piston rod forms spheroid 3a.
Piston 1 has spheric seating 1a, and spheric seating 1a has the opening portion wideer than the bar-like portion moving range of piston rod 3, forms the space of approximate spheroid.
On spheroid 3a, form two planes, use this two planes, can insert mutually or separate along Fig. 2 paper Normal direction.
This piston 1 is that the iron that the material sintering with iron content forms is that sintered metal materials is made, and after adopting machining, processing spheric seating 1a and outer circumferential face 1b, implements steam treatment and makes.
In the processing sequence of this machining and steam treatment, instrument abrasion when being sintering metal in order to reduce processing iron, fine finishing is not adopted on the surface as far as possible, and can adopt steam treatment to generate the sintering metal patina, in this example, because can increase the residual quantity of tri-iron tetroxide, so, the compression efficiency of compressor can be improved.
With reference to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 the abrasion of this operation and instrument are described.
Fig. 3 represents to set operation, is used for more effectively obtaining piston 1.
Fig. 3 represents to make among the embodiment of this example the process flow of piston 1.
In this operation, at first, make the material powder (operation 1) of desired composition, this material powder is filled in compression molding in the metal mold with material powders such as tackiness agents, obtain formed body (operation 2).
Subsequently, in the ventilation stove, heat up, make the metallic dust diffusion-bonded carry out sintering and obtain sintering body (operation 3) to formed body.
Secondly, to the cylinder type spheric seating 1a behind the sintering, behind lathe roughing spheroiding (operation 4),,, spheric seating 1a is carried out fine finishing (operation 5) by required size and precision with same lathe or grinding machine.
This spheric seating 1a is shown in Fig. 3 (b), and sintering (operation 3) back forms the cylinder type that metal mold limited, but after adopting machining to finish spheric seating processing (operation 5), forms ball-type.
Subsequently, in the operation shown in the operation 6 in Fig. 1 (a), the outer circumferential face 1b to cylinder type processes with external cylindrical grinding machine or centerless grinding machine.The purpose of this processing is to proofread and correct surface roughness, shape (cylindricity) and the size of sintering body.
Afterwards, produce in machining under the situation of burr, remove trimming (operation 7) with the brush that contains abrasive particle etc.
Finish to be shaped to the processing of purpose in this stage, then carry out steam treatment (operation 8).In this steam treatment, at first, remove the washing of accompanying working fluid of machining and oil content fully.Secondly, in being heated to 500 ℃～600 ℃ water vapor, kept one hour.Adopt this processing, the iron oxidation that contacts with water vapor is become the tri-iron tetroxide (Fe of black 3O 4), on the surface of piston 1, form the oxide epithelium.
At this, as an embodiment, piston 1 is finished making as part, through the B of branch shown in 8 backs of the operation among Fig. 3 (a), is assembled on the compressor.
In above-mentioned operation, the characteristics of this example are to have implemented machining before steam treatment.
Test shows, is carrying out after the machining under the situation of steam treatment, must remove the accompanying working fluid of machining etc. carefully, just can reduce the abrasion of machining tool in the machining.
Fig. 4 adopts agglomerated material that operation in the past makes and the agglomerated material that adopts above-mentioned operation to make to compare, represent the plotted curve of machining tool abrasion test result's a example.The experimental condition that obtains result shown in Figure 4 is shown in Fig. 7 table.In the agglomerated material for test, containing carbon element (C) 0.7～1.0%, cupric 1～2%, all the other components in the chemical composition (weight %) is iron (Fe), meets JIS specification SMF4040.Have for the material of experiment this sintering metal has been implemented the material of steam treatment and do not implemented the material of steam treatment.The instrument that uses is not the lathe of machining piston 1, in order to be easy to observe abrasion, uses end mill.The position of observing abrasion is the bottom surface of end mill, the abrasion width of investigation cutter flank.The end mill diameter that uses is 12mm, and the cutter number is 6 pieces.Processing conditions is that the revolution of lapping machine is 5000min -1, transporting velocity is 600mm/min, bottom surface cutter penetraction depth is 0.05mm, and the test material end face is processed.Fig. 4 is expression gained result's the processing distance and the plotted curve of the maximum flank abrasion of instrument width.
Processing beginning initial stage processing distance is 1.2m, and maximum flank abrasion width does not have difference in two specimen tests.But,, to have implemented under the situation of sintering metal of steam treatment apart from stage of 6m to processing, the abrasion width of maximum flank increases to 270 μ m rapidly, begins to generate red-hot cutting powder from processing stand, is difficult to proceed normal processing.Relative therewith, not implement to proceed conventional abrasion under the situation of sintering metal of steam treatment, maximum flank abrasion width reaches 60 μ m in the processing distance during for stage of 6m, and the processing distance reaches 120 μ m for 11m.State when the processing distance is 6m compares, to compare under the situation of not processing through the sintering metal of steam treatment with under the situation that the sintering metal of having implemented steam treatment is processed in the past, maximum flank abrasion width can reduce by 78%.That is to say that the instrument abrasion are about 1/5.According to this result, before piston 1 enforcement steam treatment, the operation of finishing machining can prolong tool life, enhances productivity.And, can change under the little certain condition in tool shape and process, can obtain uniform and smooth working surface.
In addition, because the tri-iron tetroxide (Fe that steam treatment forms 3O 4) be oxide, have and prevent that intermetallic from solidifying and steam treatment is carried out in the effect that improves wear resistance after the machining, residual fully tri-iron tetroxide (Fe 3O 4) surface layer.Therefore, has the effect that improves piston 1 wear resistance.In addition, because of complete residual tri-iron tetroxide (Fe 3O 4) skin section, the emptying aperture in the sintering metal can not expose, and can also improve the mechanical seal of piston 1.
The effect of above-mentioned inhibition instrument abrasion is big, is meant that spheric seating shown in Fig. 3 (a) is carried out the amount of removing of roughing (operation 4) is many.Even outer circumferential face processing (operation No6) is produced effect, but the purpose of this operation is dimensional accuracy and cylindricity that sintering (operation 3) does not reach are proofreaied and correct, rather than moulding processing.Usually carry out machining allowance and be the processing about 0.1mm, so, to compare with the spheric seating roughing (operation 4) of making ball-type, the abrasion of tool using are also little.Therefore, above-mentioned operation is effective especially to spheric seating roughing (operation 4), is difficult to obtain spheric seating roughing (operation 4) the efficient raising of satisfied ball-type precision when making the instrument abrasion, and is effective.
Though the operation of this advantage is arranged, the tri-iron tetroxide (Fe that forms is gone up on the surface 3O 4) crystallization is thick, increased the surface roughness of machined surface.Therefore, when the highi degree of accuracy specification of the small insertion matching gap of setting cylinder block 2 and piston rod 3, because of surface roughness increases, piston 1 has the cooperation of insertion situation of difficult.In this case, after the steam treatment, do not eliminating tri-iron tetroxide (Fe 3O 4) skin section is removed in the scope of surface layer, level and smooth processing is implemented on the surface.Polishing of employing belt or brush processing etc. can reach the processing purpose below the machining allowance 0.01mm.Because of tri-iron tetroxide (Fe 3O 4) layer thickness more than 0.05mm, even skin section is removed about 0.01mm, also fully residual tri-iron tetroxide (Fe 3O 4) layer.This operation is the operation shown in the C of branch in the process chart shown in Fig. 3 (a), carrying out carrying out steam treatment after shape or size are made machining, carrying out earlier with the surface smoothing subsequently is the outer circumferential face processing (operation 8A) of purpose, carries out spheric seating again and handles (2) (operation 8B)).Afterwards, assemble, because of smooth surface can successfully be assembled.
In addition, selecting to carry out machining after the steam treatment (operation 8) under the situation of the C of branch, because of the purpose of this project is smooth surface, so aforementioned machining allowance seldom is 0.01mm.So, can ignore the level that the instrument abrasion increase due to the steam treatment (operation 8).
Through the piston 1 of above-mentioned operation,, between the spheric seating 1a of piston 1 and piston rod 3a, needn't be inserted as the materials such as resin that improve wear resistance because of high abrasion resistance.Therefore, shown in Fig. 5 (a), under the state of built-up piston 1 and piston rod 3, energy machining obtains the just size H1 of bearing portion above piston from piston rod 3.Under the state of this piston 1 and piston rod 3 both assemblings, be assembled in the cylinder block 2 that cylinder part 2a and the 2b of bearing portion become one.Determine by machining from the size H2 of bearing centre above cylinder barrel portion of this cylinder block 2, also can adopt machining correctly to determine, needn't carry out the position adjustment during assembling from the size H1 of bearing portion above piston of piston rod 3.Interleave in the structure of materials such as resin at spheric seating 1a and piston rod 3a in the past,, must adjust the position of piston and cylinder during assembling because of being difficult to critically to process the size that is equivalent to H1.Therefore, cylinder barrel must have relative piston can adjust each component of position.In any case, operation and the screw that is used for fixing cylinder and the screw hole that must have assembling to adjust during cylinder barrel, but in integrated cylinder block 2 without these operations, can enhance productivity.In addition, in assembling the mode that the cylinder operation fixes in the past, adopt screw etc. tighten fixing, cause stress to increase, also can produce the problem of cylinder barrel distortion, and in integrated cylinder block 2, also can eliminate the problem of the cylinder barrel 2a distortion that assembling produces.
Fig. 6 is in the present embodiment, and the position that comprises the spheric seating summit is provided with an embodiment of recess.
With machined into spheric seating 1a, and in order to the axis S piston 1 that to be the center rotate with blade processing, the surface of spheric seating 1a is because section is circular, different because of the place apart from the distance of axis S.Therefore, by certain revolution piston 1 is rotated and add man-hour, processing speed is changing, so, make the revolution increase and decrease according to the distance of distance processing part axis S, control.But, because the apex portion of spheric seating 1a is on the line of axis S, be zero apart from the distance of axis S, so, this part no revolution, cutting speed is zero.Therefore, near the spheric seating 1a summit be the part of the easy variation of machining accuracy.In addition, be to bear the load the best part in the piston near the spheric seating 1a summit, if being processed into outstanding shape near the summit, surface pressure height during with the slip of piston rod spheroid 3a, this is the reason that produces abnormal wear and scaling loss.
Recess 1d is to make in the shaping operation at spheric seating 1a, and retreating in the mode that this apex portion is not processed is that purpose is provided with.The recess 1d of this apex portion as an embodiment, can adopt drilling device processing to set behind the sintering (operation 3) of Fig. 3 (a) process chart.In addition, this recess 1d moulding (operation 2) also can be adopted the metal mold moulding, and under the situation of permitting even metal mold becomes complicated, recess 1d can enhance productivity with the mode of metal mold moulding.This recess 1d is set near so-called mode of processing not to the summit because of retreating in spheric seating 1a manufacturing procedure, do not have the shape problem, but recess 1d has reduced the area of spheric seating 1c.Because near the summit is the best part of loading on the spheric seating, the opening area of recess 1d on spheric seating 1a must depend on the purposes of use.But, wish the inferior limit of the opening area of recess 1d for necessity.
Use the piston 1 of this high abrasion resistance to raise the efficiency,, can improve the life-span of piston at an easy rate by assembling the compressor of this piston 1.In addition, from the viewpoint of earth environment protection, can change not chloride freon or natural refrigerants such as carbon dioxide or hydrocarbon from chloride freon as refrigerant use in the past.When these not chloride refrigerants of compression, low because of the friction reduction effect of refrigerant itself, form the Boundary lubrication state easily, and the surface forms tri-iron tetroxide (Fe 3O 4) piston 1 on, oxide can prevent intermetallic contact, so, even also can improve wear resistance performance under the Boundary lubrication.Therefore, adopt the cold medium compressor of this piston 1 both to be applicable to not chloride refrigerant, also help life-saving.

Claims (9)

1. reciprocal compressor, have cylinder, piston rod and in described cylinder pistons reciprocating, it is characterized in that,
Described piston rod has the spheroid joint that is connected with described piston;
The described piston that is formed by sintering metal has spheric seating, and this spheric seating has the curved surface that is connected with the spheroid joint of described piston rod; The surface of this spheric seating is covered by the patina of described sintering metal.
2. reciprocal compressor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described sintering metal is the alloy that comprises iron, and described patina is a tri-iron tetroxide, and the surface that covers with this patina is level and smooth.
3. reciprocal compressor according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Have bent axle that drives described piston rod and the supporting frame that supports this bent axle;
This supporting frame is integrally formed with described piston reciprocating cylinder in tube.
4. the manufacture method of a reciprocal compressor is the manufacture method with piston reciprocating reciprocal compressor in cylinder of the spheric seating that is connected with the spherical joint of piston rod, it is characterized in that,
After the surface of the spheric seating of the described piston that will be made of sintering metal is machined into spherical shape, on the surface of described spheric seating, form the patina of described sintering metal, more level and smooth processing is implemented on this patina surface.
5. the manufacture method of reciprocal compressor according to claim 4 is characterized in that, near the women's head-ornaments side summit of described piston spheric seating, forms pit before the described spheric seating of processing.
6. the manufacture method of reciprocal compressor according to claim 5 is characterized in that, uses metal mold to form described pit.
7. the manufacture method of reciprocal compressor according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described level and smooth operation is carried out with belt polishing or brush processing.
8. the manufacture method of reciprocal compressor according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described level and smooth operation is removed 0.01mm with described patina surface.
9. the manufacture method of reciprocal compressor according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described patina is by forming in the steam atmosphere that described spheric seating is exposed to heating.
CNB2004100807638A 2003-10-10 2004-10-08 Reciprocating compressor and its manufacturing method Expired - Fee Related CN100416096C (en)

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