CN100411432C - 平板显示器 - Google Patents

平板显示器 Download PDF

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CN100411432C
CN100411432C CNB018167985A CN01816798A CN100411432C CN 100411432 C CN100411432 C CN 100411432C CN B018167985 A CNB018167985 A CN B018167985A CN 01816798 A CN01816798 A CN 01816798A CN 100411432 C CN100411432 C CN 100411432C
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fluorophor
panel monitor
waveguide
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CN1600025A (zh
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阿德里安·罗伯特·莉·特拉维斯
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Cambridge 3D Display Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/003—Lens or lenticular sheet or layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G02B6/0053—Prismatic sheet or layer; Brightness enhancement element, sheet or layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
    • G02B6/0068—Arrangements of plural sources, e.g. multi-colour light sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
    • H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
    • H04N9/3129—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] scanning a light beam on the display screen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2/00—Demodulating light; Transferring the modulation of modulated light; Frequency-changing of light
    • G02F2/02—Frequency-changing of light, e.g. by quantum counters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
    • H04N5/7416—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal
    • H04N5/7441—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal the modulator being an array of liquid crystal cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S385/00—Optical waveguides
    • Y10S385/901—Illuminating or display apparatus

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Transforming Electric Information Into Light Information (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Video Image Reproduction Devices For Color Tv Systems (AREA)
  • Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
  • Projection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Overhead Projectors And Projection Screens (AREA)

Abstract

一种平板显示器，包括受到如红外激光器(10)的准直光源照射的投影器(21-23)；波导(1)，它沿着与射入该波导之边缘的光线之角度相关的传播轴、在一定距离内发射光线；输入板材(3)，用于在垂直于该传播轴的面板的平面上放大投影图象的宽度尺寸；及荧光输出屏(7)，它将红外光转换成可见光。在波导内采用单色光减轻了色散问题，采用三个各以不同角度射入的投影器，使得对准比较简单。

Description

平板显示器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种构成平板显示器的方式，通过采用激光二极管使来自微型显示器的图像投影到锥形面板中。
背景技术
平板显示器的屏面较大，足以激励我们周围视觉的快速反应，它将给予画面非常强的直接性，更因为它是平的，显示器将很容易安装在房间的墙壁上。然而，常规平板显示器的尺寸受制于行和列透明导体的电阻器/电容器时间常数、以及平板印刷术能够足够精确以构成晶体管的面积。制造屏面对角线大于1米的有源液晶显示器的成本非常高，即使成本较低的等离子体显示器对大多数应用都太昂贵了，但是成本随着尺寸而显著下降，用于视频投影器的2″×2″(5cm×5cm)的液晶显示器就比较便宜，而手指甲大小的微型显示器的成本可望达到数美元。
视频投影器包括一个二维显示器、投影透镜和投影屏，投影透镜在投影屏上形成二维显示的放大图像，它几乎可以与人们所期望的一样大。视频投影器的成本低，因而使用越来越广泛，但是如果投影器位于投影屏的前面，那么投影器往往会妨碍观众，或者观众会阻碍投影的光线。另外，除非房间光线暗淡，图像看上去象褪了颜色，因为屏幕分散了背景光以及投影的图像。投影器可以被改为置于屏幕的背面，使得在观众和屏幕之间什么也没有，屏幕只分散入射在其背面的光线，但是背投显示器的体积大。
近来在PCT/GB01/01209中公开了一种锥形显示器，它包括视频投影器和在一个方向上渐细的一片玻璃。视频投影器本身包括近似准直照明源、微型显示器、聚光透镜和投影透镜，由于光线离开投影透镜，它们组成一个狭窄腰部。在这个点上，这些光线通过锥形玻璃片的厚端。当光线照射在渐细的玻璃片的厚端时，每次光线反射离开该锥形的相对面，相对于该锥形的一个面测量的平面外的角度将改变。最后，由于光线沿锥形传播足够远，平面外的角度变得大于临界角，光线在这一点上脱离锥形。由此，由光线入射的角度确定光线离开锥形处进入锥形玻璃片的距离。以此方式，使微型显示器上的二维阵列象素逐一映射到锥形波导的表面上的一个二维阵列象素。需要有抗反射涂层，以确保在光线到达临界角时所有光线都离开屏幕，因为否则在图像的相邻行之间出现模糊。
锥形显示器具有背面屏幕投影显示器的许多优点，但是利用激光照射进行工作要优于利用来自不相干白光源的照射。这首先是因为白光并不是准直的，第二是因为它包括很多波长，所以抗反射涂层必须更为复杂且更为昂贵。红、绿、蓝激光越来越有效和便宜，但在若干年内很可能比弧光更为昂贵，即使是对只有三个波长设计的涂层也是复杂的。
近来由A Rapaport，F Szipocs，J Milliez，H Jenssen，M Bass，KSchafer和K Belfield在“基于近红外光的升频转换的光学写入显示”(信息显示协会的第20届国际显示研究会议的会议记录第111-114页)中，提出一种视频显示器的制造方法，其中，来自受调制的975nm红外激光的光束在吸收光并将其能量转换为掺杂离子的Yb3+的屏上扫描，这些掺杂离子以可见波长发出荧光。红外激光二极管是有效的和较廉价的，分别利用NaYF4主体中的Tm3、Ho3和Er3离子以及电位发出红、绿、蓝光，以实现高光学效率，但是采用此方法投影图像，其体积较大。
发明内容
根据本发明，提供一种平板显示器，它包括受到如红外激光器的准直光源照射的投影器；波导，它沿着传播轴以一定距离发射光线，该距离与射入该平板之边缘的光线之角度相关；透明板材，在垂直于该传播轴的平面上放大投影图象的尺寸；及输出屏，它将来自该光源的光转换成可见光。
利用本发明，可以利用单个、廉价、高功率的激光器(它完全适于作为输入装置用于楔形波导，还获得全彩色图像。输出屏可由荧光体材料(其作为用于彩色图像的RGB象素)制成，这种材料的优点是在所有方向上的发光是均匀的，并给出视觉舒适的图像。红外光是有利的，因为它可以穿透大多数可用的玻璃和塑料材料。单色光或窄带光是有利的，因为没有散射，涂层(如抗反射涂层)更为简单。
附图说明
为了更好地理解本发明，以下将通过示例并参照附图来描述实施例，其中：
图1示出如何由光线入射的角度确定光线沿锥形波导传播的距离；
图2示出升频转换荧光屏和受红外激光二极管照射的锥形显示器如何能够显示可见画面；
图3示出三个视频投影器的每一个如何能被用于照射来自三组荧光体之每一组的象素；及
图4是图3的荧光体系统的近视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出光脱离锥形显示器的原理，其位置取决于射入的不同面角度(out-of-plane angle)。这个原理被用于PCT/GB01/01209，以实现平板二维显示。
在图2中，来自红外激光二极管10的光束被透镜11、12的一个倒置的望远镜对所扩展，然后进入视频投影器，其中包括微型显示器2a和聚光透镜2b。已调光线受到反射镜6的反射后，进入楔形玻璃或透明塑料板材3的边缘，在其中，这些光线被全部的内反射限制在玻璃/空气界面。光线在该板的平面内传播，使得光线束在它们到达其端部之前已扩展至板3的宽度。可选的是，然后通过被夹入在一对前面镀银的反射镜5a、5b之间并位于该板材的每个面上的圆柱透镜4可以校准这些光线，然后它们进入锥形玻璃片1的厚端。这个锥形玻璃片1的前表面(观众侧)涂覆有被调到激光二极管10之波长的一个抗反射涂层，使得光线一旦达到临界角，就会离开锥形片1，然后这些光线入射在升频转换荧光片7上，并以可见光产生受微型显示器调制图案的放大图像。
彩色画面是人们所希望的，为此，荧光屏7的构图可以采用红色、绿色和蓝色升频转换荧光体的拼合以及对准这些荧光体的微型显示器，使得一种颜色或另一种颜色可以被可控地照射。然而，这可能要求微型显示器和荧光屏的精确对准。或者，可以与对阴极射线管相同的方式利用荫罩板，但是这样会损耗光线。
图3示出三个微型显示器21、22、23如何能够经一组透镜各控制显示屏7上的一种颜色，每个微型显示器被红外激光二极管(未示出)照射。来自微型显示器21、22、23的光线穿过板材6向上投射，并由圆柱透镜4校准，使得来自每个微型显示器的光线具有相同的共面角(in-plane angle)，但是对于来自其它微型显示器的光线则是不同的。因此当它们从楔形体1射出时，来自任何一个微型显示器的光线将具有独特的方位角。一组棱镜19使光线弯折到水平面(即垂直于该板材)，然后一个垂直的圆柱微透镜阵列14被用于将这些光线聚焦到垂直列中的若干组点，一个升频转换荧光体颜色位于这些组点处，对于其它微型显示器也会发生同样的情况，所以微型显示器21调制荧光体18，微型显示器22调制荧光体17，微型显示器23调制荧光体16。
荧光体向各个方向发光，人们期望的是发射到显示屏之背面的光被反射而回到正面。然而，如果将一个简单的反射镜放置在荧光体的后面，这将也会反射用来照射这些荧光体的红外光。一种方案是采用分色镜，它传输红外光线并反射可见光，但是分色镜价格昂贵。作为替代，图3示出一种圆柱微透镜的水平阵列13，它位于棱镜19和垂直透镜14之间，垂直透镜14使通过反射镜15中的水平狭缝的入射红外光聚焦。因为这些狭缝很小，来自荧光体的大多数可见光被反射回到显示屏的正面。
图4示出荧光屏的一个RGB彩色象素的展开图。RGB荧光体可以是由Rapaport等人所述的类型。然而，它们也可以由紫外辐射来激发。应该注意的是，尽管紫外激光仍然是昂贵的和微弱的，汞放电灯发出的光具有窄的线宽，而且发出光线的孔很小，使得光线可以被非常适度地对准一个抛物柱面镜。常规的荧光体可以被用于将紫外线光转换为可见光，图2、3、4的设计也将可以紫外光线为工作对象。

Claims (7)

1. 一种平板显示器，包括：被准直光源照射的投影器；波导，它沿着传播轴以一定距离发射光线，该距离与射入该波导之边缘的光线之角度相关；透明板材，在垂直于该传播轴的平面上放大投影图象的尺寸；及输出屏，它将来自该光源的光转换成可见光。
2. 根据权利要求1的平板显示器，其中，波导是透明材料的锥形板材。
3. 根据权利要求2的平板显示器，其中，输出屏是在该锥形板之一面上或其附近的荧光片。
4. 根据权利要求3的平板显示器，其中，所述荧光片的荧光体是RGB荧光体，它们成列设置并沿该板材平行于传播方向，该投影器具有三个相应的彩色投影器，它们以不同的共面角射入。
5. 根据权利要求4的平板显示器，还包括垂直的圆柱形微透镜阵列，用于将来自每个投影器的光会聚在若干列所述相应的荧光体上。
6. 根据权利要求4或5的平板显示器，其中，通过一组水平圆柱形微透镜，使接近所述荧光体的光被会聚，并使之通过在行方向上的相应狭缝，使得从荧光体向后发射且向后进入波导系统的光被减少。
7. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项的平板显示器，其中，该光源是红外激光器，所述荧光片的荧光体是升频转换荧光体。
CNB018167985A 2000-10-03 2001-10-03 平板显示器 Expired - Fee Related CN100411432C (zh)

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