CN100410639C - Method for measuring transient cutting temp of cutting tool based on coating thermoelectric effect - Google Patents
Method for measuring transient cutting temp of cutting tool based on coating thermoelectric effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN100410639C CN100410639C CNB2006100684340A CN200610068434A CN100410639C CN 100410639 C CN100410639 C CN 100410639C CN B2006100684340 A CNB2006100684340 A CN B2006100684340A CN 200610068434 A CN200610068434 A CN 200610068434A CN 100410639 C CN100410639 C CN 100410639C
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Abstract
A method for testing out transient cutting temperature of cutter based on thermoelectric effect of coated layer includes preparing coat layer on base body of cutter, placing insulation material between coat layer on test and the other coat layer, selecting test point and removing off coat layer at test point to form hot end connection point and using cutter bottom-back end as cold end connection point, using wire to lead said points out to carry out calibration, carrying out test piece cutting on coat layer of cutter for testing out amplified voltage of said points, comparing obtained voltage with calibration curve to obtain transient cutting temperature of cutter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the transient cutting temp of cutting of metal cutting tool and the measuring method of distribution thereof, belong to the transient temperature measuring technical field.
Background technology
In machinery manufacturing industry, still having the mechanical component more than 90% at present is to make by cut.Heat in metal cutting and cutting temperature are the important phenomenon in the cutting process, the energy that is consumed during cutting almost all is converted to heat (having only little energy in order to form new surface and to form potential with forms such as lattice distortions), a large amount of heat in metal cuttings makes cutting temperature raise, this generation that directly has influence on friction factor on the cutter rake face, built-up edge with disappear, performance, workpiece processing precision and the machined surface quality etc. of cutter life and workpiece material.Can monitor cutting process and cutter duty by the measurement of cutting temperature, instruct and serve production with this.The measurement of cutting temperature is one of most important technology in the cutting experiment research, can be used for studying of the influence of each factor to cutting temperature, also can be used to check the accuracy of cutting temperature Theoretical Calculation, can also be the signal source of measured cutting temperature as the control working angles.Therefore, research and the measurement to heat in metal cutting and cutting temperature has most important theories and produces practical significance.
The measurement of temperature in order to satisfy the demand of cut, has been researched and developed various heat in metal cutting survey sensors and measuring method, as thermopair, infrared detecting set etc. all based on heat balance principle.The method of testing of cutting temperature has contact temperature-measuring and contactless temperature-measuring two big classes, and according to the principle of work difference, cutting temperature method of testing commonly used at present has:
Thermocouple method: the material pair of forming when two kinds of unlike materials (as the cutter-workpiece in the cut) near and when being heated, can overflow electromotive force because of the top layer electronics overflows to produce, and between the contact interface of material pair, form potential difference (PD) (being thermoelectrical potential).Because the thermoelectrical potential that the certain material pair forms is certain, therefore can measure the heating status and the temperature variations of material pair (being thermopair) according to the size of thermoelectrical potential under certain temperature condition.Adopt the temperature measuring equipment of thermocouple method simple in structure, it is convenient to measure, and is present the most frequently used cutting temperature measurement method.The shortcoming of thermocouple method is to install and demarcate complexity.The material pair of forming thermocouple sensor has: platinum Pt Rh, tweezer chromium-tweezer silicon, tweezer chrome-silicon-tweezer silicon etc., also useful graphite fiber is as the thermocouple sensor of heat-sensitive element at present.
Light, radiant heat method: the principle that adopts light, radiant heat method to measure cutting temperature is: light, the heat radiation that Shi Douhui produces certain intensity of being heated of cutter, smear metal and workpiece material, and radiation intensity raises with temperature and strengthens, and therefore can pass through measuring light, thermal-radiating energy indirect determination cutting temperature.According to different measuring principles and purposes, light, radiant heat method can be divided into following several: (1) infrared radiation pyrometer method: infrared eye is converted to electric signal with the infrared ray that receives, and can obtain corresponding temperature value after linearization process.But adopt infrared radiation pyrometer to be only limited to the temperature of measuring cutter or workpiece outside surface.(2) infrared photography method: before measuring temperature, at first calibrate calibration with thermopair, be that thermopair adopts the high-temperature infrared film to take a picture by electrical heating and under different temperatures, the required exposure time is determined by trial test, film after development microdensitometer reading obtains the corresponding relation of high-temperature infrared film optical density and temperature under different exposure time.According to this corresponding relation, can determine the temperature of workpiece in the working angles or cutter.The distribution situation that can be used for studying cutting temperature with the cutting temperature of infrared photography method mensuration.(3) thermal infrared imager method: the basic functional principle of thermal infrared imager is to have utilized Stefan-Boltzman's law.Though the thermal infrared imager measured temperature is a relative temperature, lag behind the actual cut temperature, according to counter temperature changing regularity and the DYNAMIC DISTRIBUTION of asking algorithm can accurately try to achieve workpiece in the working angles (or cutter) of conducting heat.That the thermal infrared imager thermometry has is directly perceived, easy, can at a distance noncontact monitoring and other advantages, under rugged surroundings, have big superiority during the Measuring Object surface temperature.In addition, light, the heat radiation method of measurement cutting temperature also have infrared dry plate method, infrared method of caustic, PbS light energy battery method, two-colour pyrometer method etc.When cutting fluid is arranged, be not suitable for adopting non-contacting infrared measurement of temperature method.In addition, the optics thermometric also is subjected to the influence of factors such as emissivity change, transmission loss and the reflection of environment ray.
Except that above-mentioned cutting temperature measurement method, common temp measuring method also has thermistor method, structure method, microhardness analytic approach, calorimetry, is coated with color method etc.
Yet most cutting temperature testing tools also are in the laboratory study stage.The reason that causes this situation is many-sided, can analyze from working angles itself and measuring technology two aspects: processing mode, cutter material and workpiece material and machining condition are ever-changing, cut pyrogenetic location at high speed (1--130m/s), high temperature (300--1200 ℃), high pressure (100--10000N/mm
2), large deformation rate (10
3--10
7/ s) narrow and small (several mm of partial closure
2, have only several μ m sometimes
2Or littler) in the deformed region, and the influence of the smear metal that is subjected to flow, also have the influence of cutting fluid sometimes; Existing sensors is difficult to make present measuring technology be difficult to be applied under the above-mentioned extreme condition near the narrow and small cutting deformation zone of sealing.
In sum, the method for various measurement cutting temperatures respectively has its relative merits and the different scope of application.Therefore, should select suitable cutting temperature method of testing as the case may be for use in actual applications, and most cutting temperature testing tools also are in the laboratory study stage, are applicable to that particularly the report of cut transient cutting temp of cutting and Distribution Test system thereof does not almost have.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency of existing machinery process tool cutting temperature measuring technology in cutting process, the deficiency of transient cutting temp of cutting and distribution testing technology thereof particularly, provide a kind of layered gradient structure of utilizing laminated coating cutter itself, easily and accurately the method for measuring transient cutting temp of cutting tool based on coating thermoelectric effect of test tool transient cutting temp of cutting.
Method for measuring transient cutting temp of cutting tool based on coating thermoelectric effect of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) on the matrix material of cutting tool, prepares coating; The thickness of selection and definite coating material and coating insulate with insulating material between the selected coating of test point and other coating simultaneously;
(2) select temperature test point and with the method removal of the coating around the test point by micro etch, formation hot end connection point; Simultaneously with the rear end, bottom surface of tool matrix as Ring;
(3) by fine wire each contact is drawn;
(4) demarcate, draw calibration curve; Scaling method adopts the scaling method of thermocouple;
(5) the above-mentioned cutter with calibrated coating carries out the test specimen cutting, test out the voltage (thermoelectrical potential) after amplifying between each hot end connection point fine wire lead-in wire and the Ring with voltage table simultaneously, according to voltage that records and calibration curve comparison, just can test out the transient cutting temp of cutting of different test points in the Tool in Cutting process.
The present invention compares with traditional cutting temperature method of testing does not need special-purpose sensor, and the special construction that utilizes coated cemented carbide endmill as sensor, makes cutting tool measure the temperature of self cutting tool self.Cutting tool is performer (finishing the cutting function), is again sensing element (finishing measurement function).And, do not destroy original temperature field in the test process, be not subjected to the influence of media such as cutting fluid, easily and accurately the test tool transient cutting temp of cutting.This method of testing also can be applicable to the test of working temperature under the extreme conditions such as engine intake and exhausr port, rocket, shell, bore, high-temperature bearing, piston, high temperature furnace.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of coated cemented carbide endmill.
Fig. 2 is the metering circuit schematic diagram of timing signal of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the pin bitmap of AD620 instrument amplifier among Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the thermoelectrical potential calibration map of the TiCN coating of cutter shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 5 is the cutting temperature distribution plan of the cutter TiCN coating shown in Figure 1 of test.
Among the figure: 1, the matrix material of cutting tool, 2, the TiN coating, 3, Al
2O
3Coating, 4, the TiCN coating, 5, test point, 6, Ring.
Embodiment
Embodiment
The method of testing of cutting tool transient cutting temp of cutting is as described below in the present embodiment.
(1) on the matrix material of cutting tool, prepares coating
As shown in Figure 1, the matrix material 1 of cutting tool is TiC, and coating material is followed successively by TiN coating 2, Al from bottom to top
2O
3Coating 3, TiCN coating 4, each layer thickness are respectively 1 μ m, 9.5 μ m, 4 μ m.Al
2O
3Being cutter coat material commonly used, is again insulating material.The preparation method of coating adopts the preparation method of at present general coated cemented carbide endmill, mainly comprises vapour deposition process, plasma spraying method, powder thermospraying method, laser melting coating synthetic method, composite electrodeposition method etc.
(2) test point 5 is selected in the TiCN coating 4 of the superiors, the coating around each test point is removed by the method for micro etch, the formation hot end connection point, by fine wire each contact is drawn standby, mutual insulating between each fine wire.And with the rear end, bottom surface of tool matrix as Ring 6.
Tinsel is selected platinum filament for use, and the thinnest platinum filament diameter of preparing according to present scientific research level in the world can reach 1/5000mm, can accurately measure the temperature of each point fully.
(3) adopt the scaling method of thermocouple to demarcate
Fig. 2 has provided the metering circuit schematic diagram of timing signal of the present invention.AD620 is an amplifier, is in order to amplify the thermoelectrical potential that cutter produces, to be convenient to measure, and RG is with the resistance of 500 Ω, 100 times of system's amplifications.Fig. 3 has provided the pin bitmap of AD620 instrument amplifier.Wherein 1 and 8 pins want cross-over connection one resistance to adjust enlargement ratio, and 4 and 7 pins need provide positive and negative equal operating voltage, the magnitude of voltage after having the voltage of the amplification of 2 and 3 pins inputs to amplify from pin 6 outputs.5 of pins are reference datas, if ground connection the output of pin 6 would be and ground between relative voltage.
The surveying instrument of thermoelectrical potential is selected for use digital power ammeter, and digital multimeter is got to voltage gear, and when signal was imported, voltage table can be adjusted the order of magnitude that shows automatically, shows with mV.
One at the two ends of metering circuit shown in Figure 2 are connected on the TiCN coating surface, and the other end is connected on the bottom surface of tool matrix material, i.e. Ring 6 places.
After circuit connects, at first measure the part that does not have through amplifying circuit with voltage table, measure once by amplifying circuit then again, promptly measure REF and the OUTPUT pin of AD620, back one result is about 100 times of last result, illustrates that amplifying circuit in action.
Then the coated cutting tool that connects fine wire is demarcated, drawn calibration map, as shown in Figure 4.
(4) turning machining experiment: cutter shown in Figure 1, anterior angle and relief angle are 6 °; Workpiece material is annealing 45 steel, diameter 50mm; Cutting speed 238m/min, amount of feeding 0.15mm/r, cutting depth 2mm.
Test out the thermoelectrical potential after the amplification between each hot end connection point and the Ring with voltage table in the turning process,, just can test out the transient cutting temp of cutting of different test points in the Tool in Cutting process, as shown in Figure 5 according to voltage that records and calibration curve.
Method of testing of the present invention can be applicable to the test of working temperature under the extreme conditions such as engine intake and exhausr port, rocket, shell, bore, high-temperature bearing, piston, high temperature furnace.Application in these and other field also belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. method for measuring transient cutting temp of cutting tool based on coating thermoelectric effect may further comprise the steps:
(1) on the matrix material of cutting tool, prepares coating; The thickness of selection and definite coating material and coating insulate with insulating material between the selected coating of test point and other coating simultaneously;
(2) select temperature test point and with the method removal of the coating around the test point by micro etch, formation hot end connection point; Simultaneously with the rear end, bottom surface of tool matrix as Ring;
(3) by fine wire each contact is drawn;
(4) demarcate, draw calibration curve; Scaling method adopts the scaling method of thermocouple;
(5) the above-mentioned cutter with calibrated coating carries out the test specimen cutting, test out the voltage after amplifying between each hot end connection point fine wire lead-in wire and the Ring with voltage table simultaneously, according to voltage that records and calibration curve comparison, just can test out the transient cutting temp of cutting of different test points in the Tool in Cutting process.
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| CNB2006100684340A CN100410639C (en) | 2006-08-23 | 2006-08-23 | Method for measuring transient cutting temp of cutting tool based on coating thermoelectric effect |
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| CNB2006100684340A CN100410639C (en) | 2006-08-23 | 2006-08-23 | Method for measuring transient cutting temp of cutting tool based on coating thermoelectric effect |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN102601399A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-07-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Intelligent tool for monitoring multiple physical quantities of machining state in real time |
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| CN109759900B (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2024-03-12 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Temperature measuring cutter suitable for cutting energy-containing material |
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| CN102601399B (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Intelligent tool for monitoring multiple physical quantities of machining state in real time |
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Assignee: Chengdu Hangwei Precision Cutting Co., Ltd. Assignor: Shandong University Contract fulfillment period: 2009.8.28 to 2014.8.28 contract change Contract record no.: 2009370000503 Denomination of invention: Method for measuring transient cutting temp of cutting tool based on coating thermoelectric effect Granted publication date: 20080813 License type: Exclusive license Record date: 20091123 |
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