CN100410530C

CN100410530C - Blade for vertical shaft windmill and vertical shaft windmill

Info

Publication number: CN100410530C
Application number: CNB200580017156XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 横井正
Original assignee: Intellectual Property Bank Corp
Current assignee: Intellectual Property Bank Corp
Priority date: 2004-05-27
Filing date: 2005-05-25
Publication date: 2008-08-13
Anticipated expiration: 2025-05-25
Also published as: CN1961151A

Abstract

A vertical shaft wind wheel having high self-start-up ability at the time when the wind wheel starts up, capable of rotating at a high speed after it starts rotation, and having an excellent output coefficient. A cutout section (19) is provided in the lower surface of a blade of a vertical shaft wind wheel (10), and a boundary layer re-adhesion section (19a) projecting outward from the maximum cutout depth position of the cutout section (19) toward the rear edge side of the blade (18) is provided. For example, the maximum cutout depth h of the cutout section (19) is set 0.2t <= h <= 0.7t, with t the maximum blade thickness in a blade cross-section, and the boundary layer re-adhesion section (19a) projecting outward from the maximum cutout depth position of the cutout section (19) toward the rear edge side of the blade (18) is provided. Further, it is preferable that a position that is 0.45C to 0.7C from the front edge of the blade (18) having a chord length of C is the cutout start point and a position that is 0.15C to 0.35C from the rear edge of the blade (18) is the cutout end point.

Description

Blade for vertical shaft windmill and vertical axis windmill

Technical field

The present invention relates to have the starting mechanism of lift vertical shaft windmill of the blade of symmetrical airfoil or asymmetric airfoil.

Background technique

In the past, known blade is arranged was the aerofoil profile with lower reynolds' number, higher lift coefficient, was formed with the windmill of the used for wind power generation of notch on the hinder marginal part of this wing lower surface.

In the windmill of this used for wind power generation, even no matter be which type of wind speed and from the wind of which direction, particularly when starting or in the more weak low wind zone of wind, page or leaf can be windmill rotation (for example with reference to patent documentation 1) and make blade effectively by the characteristic of resistance type windmill and the characteristic of lift-type windmill are made up effectively.

On the other hand, known have in gas stream flow channel because of section difference sharply (being called the rear cascade flow) under the condition of enlarged, though peeling off of boundary layer that the section difference band comes taken place, if but reach certain certain distance, the technology that the boundary layer of then peeling off can be adhered to again (with reference to non-patent literature 1, non-patent literature 2, non-patent literature 3, non-patent literature 4, non-patent literature 5).

Patent documentation 1: TOHKEMY 2004-108330 communique

In addition, be proposed in the vertical axis windmill (for example, with reference to patent documentation 2) that aileron is set on the blade in addition.In this patent documentation 2, only put down in writing for the accommodation section that makes aileron with the recess that aileron forms and increased and on blade, form recess.

Patent documentation 2: Japan opens clear 59-36705 communique in fact

Non-patent literature 1: Fukushima thousand fine and other 3 people, " experimental research (adhering zone again) of the rear cascade flow of relevant inclination ", Japanese mechanology can be reported collection of thesis by fluid engineering Section report, the mechanology meeting of civic organization Japan, on September 19th, 2003

Non-patent literature 2: northeast university of institute homepage, " by of the assurance of suitable visual effect " to flowing, (online), (putting down into retrieval on April 15th, 16), internet＜http://www.mech.tohoku-gakuin.ac.jp/simlab/cysim/study/flowvis. html 〉

The former Satoshi benevolence of non-patent literature 3: Xiao and other 2 people, the environment science and engineering department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences of Okayama Univ. homepage " the numerical value fluid that flows on the body surface of related complicated is resolved ", (online), (putting down into retrieval on April 15th, 16), internet＜http://www.civil.okayama-u.ac.jp/～analysis/gakkai/sinohara.pdf 〉

Non-patent literature 4: " mechanical engineering brief guide ", new edition, on April 15th, 1987, the mechanology meeting of civic organization Japan, A5-43 page or leaf～A5-44 page or leaf

Non-patent literature 5: the HP of comprehensive study institute of Fuji of Co., Ltd., " rear cascade flow analog result ", (online), (putting down into retrieval on April 15th, 16), internet＜http://www.fuji-ric.co.jp/prom/fukuzatsu/lga/result/bsresult.ht ml 〉

In the windmill of the used for wind power generation that patent documentation 1 is put down in writing, even no matter be which type of wind speed and from the wind of which direction, particularly when starting or in the more weak low wind zone of wind, can both be by the characteristic of resistance type windmill and the characteristic of lift-type windmill be made up effectively, and make blade effectively, be the windmill rotation.

Figure 15 is the figure that flows that represents blade ambient air in the past.As shown in figure 15, in the aerofoil profile of in the past blade, because the notch of wing lower surface is big and the section difference is higher, so when the wing rotates, in notch, produce the whirlpool that makes the ratio of lift coefficient to drag coefficient variation easily, the boundary layer of peeling off under the situation that this whirlpool has taken place becomes the state that is difficult to adhere to again, can not become and produce flowing of the required streamline of lift, and the undesirable condition that output performance reduces might occur in the windmill rotation time.

In addition, even the boundary layer is adhered to again, observe from the upstream of flowing, attachment surface all swells for mild arc again, so the shape of the inclined-plane collision that becomes and tilt of flowing.Therefore, flowing of attachment point can not be carried out level and smooth direction conversion again, and the disorder that produces new whirlpool and streamline because of collision.Its result causes the reduction of lift and the increase of resistance probably, the undesirable condition that the output performance of generation windmill reduces significantly.

In addition, owing to the material as the wing uses laminal material, this material bending is formed fairshaped aerofoil profile, so undesirable condition more weak on the intensity can take place.

In addition, under the situation of in the past Sa Funiusi (Savonius) type windmill, owing to be the windmill of resistance type, so if all speed ratios (the wing tip speed/wind speed of blade) are 1 when above, then can not produce the moment that windmill is further rotated, improve the undesirable condition that can not obtain the high speed rotating speed even produce wind speed.

In addition, under the situation of the hybrid type windmill of the feature that combines Sa Funiusi and Dai Ruisi (Darrieus) windmill, it is complicated that the structure of windmill becomes, the manufacturing of windmill need spend time and cost, and at blade during with the high speed rotating of all speed ratios more than 1, on the windmill part of resistance type, produce the resistance reverse, produce the undesirable condition that output factor diminishes with rotation.

Summary of the invention

So the present invention is in view of above-mentioned situation in the past, purpose provides a kind of by the notch of the wing being suppressed to reduce for required inferior limit the generation and the less blade for vertical shaft windmill of resistance of eddy current.In addition, the purpose of this invention is to provide the deflection that a kind of ambient air of the wing of peeling off that generation brought by suppressing the boundary layer flows, self startability when windmill is rotated remains higher, even and also can produce the vertical axis windmill of high rotation after rotation starts.

In order to solve above-mentioned problem, the invention is characterized in, the outside of belly or the back side at the vane airfoil profile of vertical axis windmill are provided with notch portion, from the maximum notch depth position of this notch portion towards boundary layer that the vane trailing edge side possesses protruding laterally shape attachment portion again.

In addition, in order to solve above-mentioned problem, the invention is characterized in, the vane airfoil profile outside of belly or the back side at the vertical axis windmill of the thick t of the maximum wing are provided with notch portion, the maximum notch depth of this notch portion is set at 0.2t to 0.7t, and from the maximum depth position of this notch portion towards boundary layer that the vane trailing edge side possesses protruding laterally shape attachment portion again.

In addition, in order to solve above-mentioned problem, the invention is characterized in, being provided with distance blade inlet edge 0.45C is the notch portion of otch starting point at the vane airfoil profile outside of belly of the chord-length C of vertical axis windmill or the back side to the position of 0.7C, from the maximum notch depth position of this notch portion towards boundary layer that the vane trailing edge side possesses protruding laterally shape attachment portion again.

In addition, in order to solve above-mentioned problem, the invention is characterized in, being provided with distance trailing edge 0.15C is the notch portion of otch end point at the vane airfoil profile outside of belly of the chord-length C of vertical axis windmill or the back side to the position of 0.35C, from the maximum notch depth position of this notch portion towards boundary layer that the vane trailing edge side possesses protruding laterally shape attachment portion again.

In addition, in order to solve above-mentioned problem, the invention is characterized in, by the low speed that is provided with notch portion at the vane airfoil profile outside of belly or the back side with blade-section and the high speed with common aerofoil section that notch portion is not set constitute the blade of vertical axis windmill with blade-section.

In addition, in order to solve above-mentioned problem, the invention is characterized in, by be provided with notch portion at the vane airfoil profile outside of belly or the back side and from the maximum notch depth position of this notch portion towards boundary layer that the vane trailing edge side has a protruding laterally shape again the low speed of attachment portion with blade-section and the high speed with common aerofoil section that notch portion is not set constitute the blade of vertical axis windmill with blade-section.

The invention effect

According to the present invention, owing to be provided with notch portion at the outside of belly or the back side of vane airfoil profile, from the maximum notch depth position of this notch portion towards boundary layer that the vane trailing edge side possesses protruding laterally shape attachment portion again, so will be when windmill starts from wing trailing edge be incorporated into deep, otch chamber with the wind, increase the resistance of the pushing wing and improved self-startup ability, under raising speed Later Zhou Dynasty, one of the Five Dynasties speed ratio becomes situation about flowing into from leading edge than 1 height, wind, be attached on the aerofoil again along with the very mild direction conversion of flowing in the boundary layer that the notch starting point is peeled off.Thus, can access the lift performance of the aerofoil profile of the standard that approaches not have otch.

In addition, according to the present invention, because the vane airfoil profile outside of belly or the back side at the vertical axis windmill of the thick t of the maximum wing are provided with notch portion, the maximum notch depth of this notch portion is set at 0.2t to 0.7t, and from the maximum notch depth position of this notch portion towards boundary layer that the vane trailing edge side possesses protruding laterally shape attachment portion again, so when being subjected to the wind, can produce resistance in notch portion, and at all speed ratios is more than 1, when working as the lift-type windmill, can reduce the reduction of the output factor that increases along with the size of notch portion.

In addition, according to the present invention, because being provided with distance blade inlet edge 0.45C is the notch portion of otch starting point at the vane airfoil profile outside of belly of chord-length C or the back side to the position of 0.7C, from the maximum notch depth position of this notch portion towards boundary layer that the vane trailing edge side possesses protruding laterally shape attachment portion again, so can be when guaranteeing the ratio of lift coefficient to drag coefficient of blade be provided with the zone of stator blade and support arm bigger.

In addition, according to the present invention, because being provided with distance trailing edge 0.15C is the notch portion of otch end point at the vane airfoil profile outside of belly of the chord-length C of vertical axis windmill or the back side to the position of 0.35C, from the maximum notch depth position of this notch portion towards boundary layer that the vane trailing edge side possesses protruding laterally shape attachment portion again, so by on the trailing edge part, leaving the airfoil of standard, the flowing state of the standard in the time of can making near the veutro wing stream of trailing edge approach not have notch portion can approach the original lift performance of standard aerofoil profile.

In addition, according to the present invention, since by the low speed that is provided with notch portion at the vane airfoil profile outside of belly or the back side with blade-section and the high speed with common aerofoil section that notch portion is not set constitute the blade of vertical axis windmill with blade-section, so when starting, can make to start and become easy by the resistance that on the notch portion of low speed, produces with blade, under all speed ratios are situation more than 1, can provide output factor higher vertical axis windmill by lift by the mobile generation of the air of the common aerofoil profile that does not have notch portion.

In addition, according to the present invention, since by be provided with notch portion at the vane airfoil profile outside of belly or the back side and from the maximum notch depth position of this notch portion towards boundary layer that the vane trailing edge side has a protruding laterally shape low speed blade-section of attachment portion again, with the blade of the high speed with common aerofoil section that notch portion is not set with blade-section formation vertical axis windmill, become easy so when starting, can make to start, and be 1 can reduce the reduction of the output factor that on notch portion, takes place when above at all speed ratios by the resistance that on the notch portion of low speed, produces with blade.Under all speed ratios are situation more than 1, can provide output factor higher vertical axis windmill by the lift that produces on the blade by the common aerofoil profile that does not have notch portion.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the stereoscopic figure of vertical axis windmill.

Fig. 2 is the sectional view of vertical axis windmill.

Fig. 3 is the figure of expression low speed with the aerofoil section of blade.

Fig. 4 is an expression low speed with the figure of the situation of blade-section when the trailing edge side is subjected to Wf down with the wind.

Fig. 5 is an expression low speed with the figure of the flow condition of the air of blade-section when front edge side is subjected to Wf down with the wind.

Fig. 6 is the figure that flows of expression aerofoil profile ambient air.

Fig. 7 is the expression figure that flow of the low speed of Wf during for lower wind speed with the blade ambient air that facing the wind.

Fig. 8 is the expression figure that flow of the low speed of Wf when being higher wind speed with the blade ambient air that facing the wind.

Fig. 9 is ratio and the output factor of vertical axis windmill and the figure of startup respective relationships of expression low speed with blade-section.

Figure 10 is illustrated in the boundary layer to include the figure of the low speed of straight section with the aerofoil section of blade in the attachment portion again.

Figure 11 is illustrated in the boundary layer not comprise the figure of the low speed of straight section with the aerofoil section of blade in the attachment portion again.

Figure 12 is the figure that the dorsal part that is illustrated in the symmetrical airfoil blade is provided with the blade profile of otch.

Figure 13 is that the startup that the dorsal part that is illustrated in the symmetrical airfoil blade is provided with the windmill of otch is changeed apart from the figure of the situation that takes place.

Figure 14 comprises the wing central authorities spanwise sectional view of low speed with the blade 18 of blade-section.

Figure 15 is the figure that flows that represents blade ambient air in the past.

Label declaration

8 bars

10 vertical axis windmills

12 assembly departments

Wheel side stationary axle in 14

16 generators

17 outer ring side rotating bodies

18 blades

18a low speed blade-section

18b uses blade-section at a high speed

19 notch portion

The 19a boundary layer is attachment portion again

20 support arms

22 outer wheel sleeves

24 change apart from transmitting cap

26 booster engines

28 coupling

29 electric wires

30a, 30b, 30c bearing

80,81,82 wheel hubs

A otch starting point

B otch end point

The C chord-length

The D wing back side

The E wing outside of belly

The F boundary layer is attachment point again

Embodiment

Below the structure of relevant blade for vertical shaft windmill of the present invention and vertical axis windmill is described.At first, blade for vertical shaft windmill and the vertical axis windmill to the 1st mode of execution of the present invention describes.

Fig. 1 is the stereoscopic figure of vertical axis windmill.As shown in Figure 1, be provided with the outer ring side rotating body 17 that vertical axis windmill 10 is installed in the assembly department 12 on utility pole and other bar 8 and rotates with respect to assembly department 12 on the vertical axis windmill 10.

On outer ring side rotating body 17, be provided with wind speed is transformed to lift and produce rotary-torque blade 18, have 3 places of upper, middle and lower keep the streamline section of blade 18 and can produce lift support arm 20, be combined in as the outer wheel sleeve 22 of the running shaft of outer ring side rotating body 17 on and the

wheel hub

80,81,82 of upper, middle and lower that each support arm 20 is fixing and the commentaries on classics that rotary-torque passed to generator 16 (with reference to Fig. 2) from

wheel hub

80 and 81 apart from transmitting cap 24.In addition, in the example shown in this figure, be used in the example that outer ring side rotating body 17 is provided with 5 blades 18 and represent, but the sheet number of blade 18 also can be 2,3,4.

Example as shown in Figure 1, blade 18 is by can be at the lower region generating of peripheral speed is obtained higher output factor by the resistance that brings with the wind the low speed that has a notch portion 19 at the vane airfoil profile outside of belly or the back side with blade-section 18a with possess the high speed that can access the aerofoil section (the common aerofoil section of notch portion 19 is not set) of higher output factor in than higher zone at peripheral speed and constitute with blade-section 18b.

In the present invention, owing to be provided with at wind speed than being the low speed blade-section 18a that plays under the situation with the wind below 1 as the function of resistance type windmill, so improved the startability of the outer ring side rotating body 17 of vertical axis windmill 10.In addition, by adjusting be located at low speed with the maximum notch depth h on the blade-section 18a, and low speed with the length L a of blade-section 18a, can carry out that emphasis placed the design on the low speed that starts wind speed or emphasis be placed design on the size of output factor, perhaps can find above-mentioned two characteristics to reach the above such optimum structure of permission level simultaneously easily and set.

Fig. 2 is the sectional view of vertical axis windmill.As shown in Figure 2, on vertical axis windmill 10, be provided with support rotationally via bearing 30a, 30b, 30c outside wheel side stationary axle 14 in wheel sleeve 22 cantilevered.The distolateral generator 16 that is provided with of opening of wheel side stationary axle 14 in cantilevered.Contact with blade 18 and produce rotary-torque on blade 18 by wind, this rotary-torque passes to

wheel hub

80,81,82 via

support arm

20,20,20.The rotary-torque that is delivered to

wheel hub

80,81,82 passes to the running shaft of generator 16 and produces electric power via changeing apart from transmission cap 24, coupling 28, booster engine 26.In the example shown in this figure, in coupling 28, use the magnetic-type coupling of non-contact type.

Transmit to change apart from the time, particularly by using the magnetic-type coupling, the dish that coupling is used can directly not contact with the coupling mechanism body and keep the space, and will rotatablely move to booster engine 26 side transmission by magnetic force, so the permissibility of the off-centre of input output two between centers of coupling is bigger, by with respect to transmitting the reaction force that cap 24 or booster engine or dynamo bearing off-centre brings the load that produces can not cross and act on greatly, can roughly fully only transmit rotary-torque.

In example shown in Figure 2, interior wheel side stationary axle 14 is fixing with bar 8 via assembly department 12, becomes non-rotary structure.Thereby, can pay no attention to moment of inertia etc. and easily interior wheel side stationary axle 14 is designed to the crooked less bigger thick size of section factor.Thus, interior wheel side stationary axle 14 can be made hollow structure, so also can in being wired to, take turns in the inside of side stationary axle 14 with generator 16 wire connecting 29 and various guide line.

In vertical axis windmill in the past, with generator be arranged on the below of windmill rotor, the example of rotary-torque that transmits the windmill rotor via gear transmission mechanism is more.As shown in Figure 2, solid of rotation is formed in the structure of foreign steamer side, can make the interior wheel side stationary axle 14 of cantilevered construction penetrate into the top of outer ring side rotating body 17, so the design on the front end of wheel side stationary axle 14 in can carrying out generator 16 and modular booster engine 26 be not configured in limpingly.In addition, can make the transmission of torque cap 24 that transmits rotary-torque have the function that is not subjected to the lid of wind and rain infringement as protection generator 16, booster engine 26 and coupling 28.

Fig. 3 is the figure of the aerofoil section of expression when the aerofoil profile that warpage is arranged is provided with otch on the low speed blade-section.

As shown in Figure 3, with on the blade-section 18a, being provided with at all speed ratios is the notch portion 19 by the resistance that the Wb generation is bigger with the wind in the zone 1 below at low speed.This notch portion 19 is preferably with respect to position (otch starting point A this figure shown in) opening of chord-length C from distance blade inlet edge 0.45C to 0.7C.In addition, this notch portion 19 preferably opening to apart from the position (otch end point B this figure shown in) of trailing edge 0.15C to 0.35C.Later on to trailing edge, leave the abdomen shape of the aerofoil section of standard from otch end point B.

In addition, as shown in Figure 3, low speed has carried out being used for realizing light-weighted emptying with the inside of blade-section 18a.Low speed with the notch portion 19 of blade-section 18a and the shape of emptying part low speed with the length direction of blade-section 18a on shape for identical just passable, so can be by the extrusion process low speed blade-section 18a that is shaped.

Notch portion 19 otch shown in Figure 3 are for the streamline that makes the eddy current in the notch portion 19 becomes smoothly, and to form recessed laterally shape from otch starting point A towards the inboard leading edge direction of wing section.The maximum notch depth h of notch portion 19 can be set at 0.2t≤h≤0.7t with respect to the thick t of the maximum wing of wing section.In addition, in the later half zone of notch portion 19, towards the trailing edge side of blade 18a (towards otch end point B direction), the boundary layer that is provided with protruding laterally shape is attachment portion 19a again from maximum notch depth h position.

The amount of the maximum notch depth h of notch portion 19 is that be adjusted in all speed ratios for the startup that makes vertical axis windmill 10 becomes easily be by the part of the size of the resistance of Wb generation with the wind in the zone 1 below.If set maximum notch depth h darker, the blowing area that then bears Wb with the wind increases, and is that the startup of the outer ring side rotating body 17 of rotary-torque in the zone 1 below (start change apart from) increase, vertical axis windmill 10 becomes easy so have at all speed ratios.

But, if set maximum notch depth h dark excessively, be that the resistance of blade 18a more than 1, when working as the lift-type windmill becomes big then at all speed ratios, produce the undesirable condition that the output factor as windmill reduces.To blow square proportional increase of Wf of facining the wind on blade 18, becoming important problem aspect the output factor that improves vertical axis windmill 10 at the resistance that produces on the blade 18 so reduce the resistance coefficient of blade 18.

In the blade of in patent documentation 1 (spy opens the 2004-108330 communique), putting down in writing, use the thick t of the maximum wing roughly 100% as notch portion, but in the present invention, the maximum notch depth h of notch portion 19 is set at 0.2t to 0.7t with respect to the thick t of the maximum wing of wing section.Thereby, about blade 18a of the present invention compares with the blade of record in the patent documentation 1, resistance is reduced near 30% to 80%.Therefore, compare the rotary-torque performance that the lift vector that can significantly improve because of blade 18a deducts the blade 18a that the power after the drag vector produces with blade in the past.

In addition owing to adhering to again with the roughly proportional place of maximum notch depth h in the boundary layer that otch starting point A peels off, so by setting above-mentioned h more shallow, can make the boundary layer reliable ground before the trailing edge that arrives blade 18a attached to wing surface on.As a result, owing to leave the airfoil of standard later on,, can approach the lift performance of standard so can make again the mobile flowing state that approaches standard of the later air of attachment point at attachment point again.

The wind speed of, facing the wind Wf dark at maximum notch depth h is faster under the situation, might be no longer to be attached to the trailing edge that state on the wing surface is issued to blade 18a in boundary layer that otch starting point A peels off.In the case, mobile the upsetting that the adverse current that the discontinuous whirlpool that produces on notch portion 19 etc. brings might be later with trailing edge, and bring significant harmful effect for the lift performance of blade.In the present invention, set the scope of maximum notch depth h and otch starting point A, otch end point B, so that the boundary layer is adhered to again in wider flow velocity zone.

If the position of otch starting point A that makes notch portion 19 is too near front end, then the front edge periphery of the starting point that also should be called wing stream mobile brought delicate influence, after this mobile brought bigger influence, so when low speed is worked as the lift-type blade with blade-section 18a, make by the lift efficiency of blade and the windmill performance of drag characteristic decision and reduce.In addition, narrow down with the zone of blade-section 18a and support arm 20, also becoming bad aspect the mounting construction of support arm 20 if the otch starting point A that makes notch portion 19, then is used for fixing low speed too near the leading edge direction.

If make the position of otch starting point A of notch portion 19 enough far away apart from leading edge, then can not bring influence to the front edge periphery of the starting point that yet should be called wing stream mobile, when low speed is worked as the lift-type blade with blade-section 18a, can keep the original lift efficiency and the drag characteristic of blade.In addition,, then fixing low speed can be made as greatlyyer with the zone of blade-section 18a and support arm 20, improve aspect the mounting construction of support arm 20 if make the position of otch starting point A of notch portion 19 enough far away apart from leading edge.

If the position of otch end point B that makes notch portion 19 is too near otch starting point A, then when windmill starts, with can fully not imported in the otch inside of the trailing edge of blade-section 18a with the wind, the resistance of the pushing wing reduces the startability variation of windmill from low speed.

If the position of otch end point B that makes notch portion 19 away from otch starting point A too near trailing edge, then the distance that flows near the alar wall face the trailing edge shortens, so adverse current that flows that produces at notch portion 19 places and whirlpool and in the boundary layer disorder of flowing that brings such as the direction variation of flowing at attachment point place is also residual at hinder marginal part again, the flowing state of trailing edge periphery is brought harmful effect.As a result, the lift performance of the wing reduces, if enough to the distance of trailing edge from otch end point B, then the state that returns to after original the flowing that is flowing in of aerofoil is issued to trailing edge, is keeping the original lift performance of the wing.

As long as the position of this otch end point B is just passable according to the size of maximum notch depth h, decisions such as shape to the convex of otch end point B after the speed of the air-flow of the flows outside of blade 18 and maximum notch depth h part.By otch end point B is set in apart from blade edge 0.15C to the position of 0.35C, make trailing edge partly leave the face of the aerofoil profile of standard, can make near the veutro wing stream of trailing edge approach the flowing state of standard, can approach the original lift performance of standard aerofoil profile.

Fig. 4 is the relevant low speed of the present invention of expression with the figure of the situation of blade-section when the trailing edge side is subjected to Wb with the wind.As shown in the drawing, if low speed is subjected to Wb with the wind with blade-section 18a from the trailing edge side, then this wind flow in the notch 19, so produce the power Fb that low speed is advanced with blade-section 18a here by the resistance that is produced.This power Fb becomes the rotating force of outer ring side rotating body 17, and distance is changeed in the startup that becomes in the lower zone of wind speed.So,, improved the startability of vertical axis windmill 10 even outer ring side rotating body 17 also rotates easily under the lower situation of wind speed.

Fig. 5 is the figure that is illustrated in aerofoil profile that warpage the is arranged flow condition of the air when front edge side is subjected to Wf down with the wind when low speed is provided with otch on blade-section.

As shown in Figure 5, if low speed is subjected to Wf down with the wind with the rotational speed rising of blade-section 18a and from front edge side, then this wind separately flow on the outside of belly and the back side of blade 18a in the leading edge of low speed with blade-section 18a.The air at the back side that flow to blade is with same in common aerofoil profile back side flow air, and flow velocity increases and becomes negative pressure, produces lift FL at low speed on blade-section 18a.This lift FL produces the propelling force Ff of low speed with blade-section 18a, produces rotary-torque on outer ring side rotating body 17.

The air that flow on the outside of belly of blade similarly flowed with flow air on common aerofoil profile before otch starting point A, if but crossed otch starting point A, then in notch portion 19, produce whirlpool, then, the boundary layer that convex form laterally arranged is attachment portion 19a again, here adheres in the boundary layer that the A point is peeled off again.The boundary layer that is attached to convex form laterally again in the boundary layer again on the attachment portion 19a after, the air-flow former state flows towards the rear end, collaborates with flow air on the back side of blade once more.Like this, flow air also stably flows on the vane airfoil profile outside of belly, so even have notch 19, low speed is also lower with the resistance coefficient of blade-section 18a, can will keep higherly as the output factor of vertical axis windmill.

Fig. 6 is the figure that flows that the aerofoil profile that warpage is arranged is represented the aerofoil profile ambient air.As shown in Figure 6, the lift that produces by aerofoil profile because the pressure of the air of wing back side D compare with the pressure of the air of wing lower surface E and become negative pressure and produce.For this reason, the main flow of flow air must be depicted original streamline by the aerofoil profile decision on the back side of the wing and the outside of belly.Wherein, near flowing and be subjected to the wing circulation and the influence of the static pressure distribution of the wing back side, the outside of belly on every side bigger near mobile behind the trailing edge trailing edge leading edge, even so that their few to be particular importance for being used for keeping the lift performance that runs up also near original the flowing of the aerofoil profile that does not have otch.

Under situation of the present invention owing to be provided with notch portion 19 with the outside of belly or the back side of the aerofoil profile of blade 18a at low speed, so consider low speed with the air of the generation on every side of the aerofoil profile of blade 18a be flowing in low speed the time be different during with high speed.

Below, when being low speed for the Wf that facings the wind and the mobile of aerofoil profile ambient air during high speed investigate.

Fig. 7 is that the lower wind speed of low speed when representing Wf down with the wind for to(for) the aerofoil profile that warpage is arranged is with the figure that flows of blade ambient air.

As shown in Figure 7, the Wf that facings the wind on the blade 18 that blows to vertical axis windmill 10 is under the situation of low speed, the air of the wing outside of belly has the boundary layer and flows on the wing outside of belly, but at A point shown in Figure 7 peeling off of boundary layer is taken place, and consideration is that main flow is advanced near notch portion 19 directions that change slightly.Then, the boundary layer is attached on the back quadrate part (part shown in the F of Fig. 7) of aerofoil profile again, and to be main flow flow and reach trailing edge along wing lower surface in consideration.

Boundary layer for cascade flow is adhered to again, has also been put down in writing with experimental result in the conclusion part of (3. experimental result is with the investigation) of non-patent literature 1.According to non-patent literature 1, when mainstream speed is 12m/sec, adhere to again with 5.5 times of generations of section difference.The notch portion 19 of the aerofoil profile of using in blade 18a at relevant low speed of the present invention is not owing to be that simple section is poor, so consideration is adhered to interior distance 5.5 times of maximum notch depth h again.

Mobile different with the air that produces around the common aerofoil profile that does not have notch portion of flowing of the air of the aerofoil profile outside of belly of this moment, consideration is that streamline has the mobile of some bendings.

Do not having at the lift that produces on the wing to produce most effectively under the situation of common aerofoil profile of notch portion 19, so as the aerofoil profile of using in blade 18a at low speed, in that having taken place, streamline has under the situation about flowing of some crooked air, the streamline of the main flow that flows on wing outside of belly E changes and breaks away from from original streamline, has reduced some so consider the lift that produces on the wing.In addition, consideration by having produced eddy current from separated the flowing of main flow, increases the resistance negative with respect to rotating to be of blade in notch 19.

But, though the aerofoil profile of using in blade 18a at relevant low speed of the present invention is provided with notch 19 on the wing outside of belly, but because the attachment area again of notch 19 has been made convex surface (with reference to boundary layer attachment portion 19a again), so the bending of the streamline of the air that produces on wing outside of belly E can be suppressed for less.In addition, because streamline crooked less, so also can reduce the eddy current of generation in notch portion 19.

Therefore, shown in patent documentation 1, notch is formed into the hinder marginal part of the wing outside of belly, attachment surface is under the situation of aerofoil profile of concave surface again, considers that the bending of streamline is bigger, and the generation of the whirlpool in the notch portion also becomes many.Under such situation, consideration has damaged the generation of the lift of the wing significantly.But, in the aerofoil profile that relevant low speed of the present invention uses in blade 18a, compare with the aerofoil profile shown in this patent documentation 1, think the loss that can reduce lift as best one can.

Fig. 8 is that low speed when representing that for the aerofoil profile that warpage is arranged Wf down with the wind is higher wind speed is with the figure that flows of blade ambient air.

Under the situation of flow velocity that blows to the Wf that facings the wind on the blade 18 for high speed, owing to be attached on the back quadrate part (part shown in the F of Fig. 8) of the wing in the boundary layer that the C of Fig. 8 partly locates to peel off, the mobile of this air becomes and approaching the flowing of the situation of the common wing that does not have notch portion again.Thus, consider to have produced the same lift of situation with the common aerofoil profile that does not have notch portion 19, because of the loss of the lift that existence brought of notch portion 19 less.Under situation of the present invention, the attachment area again in boundary layer has been made convex surface (with reference to boundary layer attachment portion 19a again), shortened from the distance of adhering to again that is stripped in boundary layer takes place.

Therefore, the aerofoil profile that is formed into the hinder marginal part of wing lower surface with notch such shown in the patent documentation 1 is compared, even flow velocity is for also producing mobile same mobile with the common wing ambient air that does not have notch portion 19 at a high speed.

Fig. 9 is blade-section is used in expression with respect to the low speed of the whole span S of blade ratio and the output factor of vertical axis windmill and the figure of startup respective relationships.

As shown in Figure 9, in that being set under the less situation with the ratio of blade-section 18a, low speed (is set under the situation that approaches 0% side), though the output factor during optimum all speed ratio shows higher value, but, uprise so start wind speed because the startup of vertical axis windmill depends on the lift WL that uses blade 18b at a high speed significantly.Therefore, under the lower situation of the wind speed of the Wf that facings the wind, do not rotate, so in the lower zone of wind speed, can not generate electricity.And, continue more longways although more weak wind is blowing the non-rotary state of windmill always, so reduced as the exist reason and the image of windmill.

In that being set under the bigger situation with the ratio of blade-section 18a, low speed (is set under the situation that approaches 100% side), start wind speed and reduce and improved startability as vertical axis windmill, but the trend that the output factor when optimum all speed ratio is arranged reduces.Therefore, as shown in the drawing, as long as according to setting such as mean wind velocity in the period of the place that vertical axis windmill is set be fit to scope, determine low speed with the length of blade-section 18a and maximum notch depth h so that its to enter into this suitable scope just passable.In the example shown in this figure, be more than 16% with output factor and to start wind speed be that scope below the 1.6m/s is set at suitable scope.

In addition, in Fig. 1, represented to use from the position of the maximum notch depth h of notch portion 19 towards boundary layer that the vane trailing edge side possesses convex form laterally again the aerofoil profile of attachment portion as the example of low speed with the aerofoil profile of blade-section 18a, but also can use shown in the patent documentation 1 (spy opens the 2004-108330 communique) such at the wing the outside of belly or the back side of the wing on be formed with the low speed blade of the notch that is incised to trailing edge.

In the part of blade, use under the situation of this patent documentation 1 described aerofoil profile, though in the lower zone of peripheral speed, can expect higher startability, peripheral speed than higher zone in vaned resistance increase a lot.But, even under the situation of using this blade, ratio by scope that low speed is existed with blade-section be set at less will be at a high speed be set at the ratio of the scope of blade-section existence more, also can be maintained to a certain degree in startability with vertical axis windmill in, can also guarantee output factor as the lift-type windmill.

In addition, low speed by being provided with notch portion at the vane airfoil profile outside of belly or the back side with blade-section and the high speed with common aerofoil section that notch portion is not set be identical shaped aerofoil profile with using in both aerofoil profiles of blade-section except notch portion, can be easily shared low speed with blade-section with at a high speed with the joining portion of blade-section and with the structure at the joining portion of support arm 20, the shape that can carry out the joining portion does not hinder the unified creative design attractive in appearance of windmill, and can adopt cheap module joint construction.By adopting this module joint construction, can provide cheaply to start easily and the high vertical axis windmill of output factor.

Figure 10 and Figure 11 represent that to the aerofoil profile that warpage is arranged low speed is with the boundary layer of the blade-section 18a embodiment's of the shape of attachment portion 19a figure again.

Wherein, Figure 10 is that low speed when being illustrated in the boundary layer and including straight section a3 among the attachment portion 19a again is with the sectional view of blade-section 18a.

In example shown in Figure 10, with boundary layer attachment portion 19a circular arc portion a1 that the circular arc by radius r 1 forms, the circular arc portion a2 that forms by the circular arc of radius r 2 and constitute again by the straight section a3 of circular arc portion a1 and circular arc portion a2 decision.It is just passable that the anastomosis part of circular arc portion a1, circular arc portion a2, straight section a3 forms continuous shape.

The size of the central position X of circular arc, the central position Y of circular arc, radius r 1, radius r 2, straight section a3, as long as according to each size of the otch radius r 3 in distance from blade inlet edge to otch starting point A, distance, maximum notch depth h, the notch portion 19, suitably set so that be attached to the mobile of streamline of boundary layer wing outside of belly again on the attachment portion 19a time again in the boundary layer of peeling off and become level and smooth just passable from otch starting point A from otch end point B to trailing edge.In addition, in the present embodiment, with curve and straight line combination, but curved portion also can be made the shape that straight line is connected to each other.

Figure 11 be illustrated in that the boundary layer does not comprise straight section among the attachment portion 19a again but circular arc by radius r 4 form the boundary layer again the low speed during attachment portion 19a with the sectional view of blade-section 18a.

As long as the central position Z of circular arc, the size of radius r 4 be according to each size of the otch radius r 3 in the distance from blade inlet edge to otch starting point A, the distance from otch end point B to trailing edge, maximum notch depth h, the notch portion 19, suitably sets so that be attached to the mobile of streamline of boundary layer wing outside of belly again on the attachment portion 19a time again in the boundary layer of peeling off from otch starting point A and become level and smooth just passable.

In Figure 10 and example shown in Figure 11, the boundary layer again whole of attachment portion 19a for protruding laterally shape or in a part, include the shape of straight section, but also can be the shape that is provided with straight section in other parts, the part that possesses concave shape in the boundary layer again in the attachment portion 19a also can realize purpose of the present invention.

By with the boundary layer again attachment portion 19a make such shape, can make again the mobile flowing state that approaches standard of the later air of attachment point, can approach the lift performance of the original standard of standard aerofoil profile.

Then, blade for vertical shaft windmill and the vertical axis windmill to the 2nd mode of execution of the present invention describes.

Figure 12 is the figure of expression low speed with the aerofoil section of blade.In this Figure 12, the symmetrical airfoil blade table as the back and belly object shapes is shown in low speed is provided with otch with the dorsal part of blade blade profile.As shown in figure 12, with on the blade-section 18a, being provided with at all speed ratios is the notch portion 19 by the resistance that the Wb generation is bigger with the wind in the zone 1 below at low speed.

These notch portion 19 preferences are as with respect to position (the shown in Figure 12 otch starting point A) opening of chord-length C from distance blade inlet edge 0.4C to 0.7C.In addition, these notch portion 19 preferred openings are to the position (otch end point B shown in Figure 12) apart from trailing edge 0.15C to 0.35C.Leave the shape of the aerofoil section of standard to trailing edge from otch end point B.In addition, the position that is provided with of notch 19 is not limited to this.

The maximum notch depth h of notch portion 19 preferably is set at 0.2t≤h≤0.7t with respect to the thick t of the maximum wing of wing section.And in the later half zone of notch portion 19, from maximum notch depth h position towards boundary layer that the trailing edge side of blade 18a (towards otch end point B direction) is provided with protruding laterally shape attachment portion 19a again.

Figure 13 is that the startup that the dorsal part that is illustrated in the symmetrical airfoil blade is provided with the windmill of notch is changeed apart from the figure of the situation that takes place.As shown in figure 13, under the situation of the wind W that prescribed direction is arranged, blade 18 is subjected to the wind and produces the power Fb that advances.This power Fb becomes rotating force, and distance is changeed in the startup that becomes in the lower zone of wind speed.In addition, when other blade 18 is in this position, is subjected to equally with the wind and produces the power Fb that advances.Can not become resistance in other position upper cut part 19.

Figure 14 is the wing central authorities spanwise sectional view of blade 18.As shown in figure 14, in this embodiment, the notch portion 19 of length L a is configured in the top of blade 18, promptly leans on the position of L than the lower end.In addition, the allocation position of the length direction of notch 19 is not limited to this.Also can be configured in other position, for example the bottom of blade 18.

Like this, in the present embodiment, the running shaft of distance vertical axis windmill than the back side in distally be that symmetrical vertical axle windmill is with in the blade 18 from running shaft than the outside of belly of nearside, constitute, be provided with notch portion 19 at the back side of blade 18, from the maximum notch depth position of general notch portion 19 towards boundary layer that the trailing edge side of blade 18 possesses protruding laterally shape attachment portion 19a again.

Thus, the position that is provided with of notch portion 19 is not subjected to support arm 20 restriction, and because the back side of blade is bigger than outside of belly turning radius, so the startup that is produced by notch is changeed apart from bigger, can bring into play the effect of self startability that improves vertical axis windmill fully.In addition, have selection branch in the manufacturing of the manufacture view that enlarges windmill integral body, reduce the advantage of manufacture cost.

Industrial applicibility

According to the present invention, can be provided at the output of roughly keeping as the lift vertical shaft windmill In the time of coefficient, but have self-startup ability, the running wind speed model of the realistic scale under weak wind Enclose wide and the good more vertical axis windmill of generated energy of torque coefficient. In addition, can with The structure that manufacture view is cheap provides these characteristics.

Claims

1. blade for vertical shaft windmill, it is characterized in that, the outside of belly or the back side at the vane airfoil profile of vertical axis windmill are provided with notch portion,, be formed with at air stream and be used for making the boundary layer attachment portion again of the boundary layer convex shape that adhere to again, that have circular arc portion of the air of peeling off from the above-mentioned outside of belly or the back side during by above-mentioned notch portion towards the trailing edge direction towards the end point of vane trailing edge side from the maximum notch depth position of this notch portion from the blade inlet edge direction up to notch portion.

2. blade for vertical shaft windmill, it is characterized in that, the outside of belly or the back side at the vane airfoil profile of the vertical axis windmill of the thick t of the maximum wing are provided with notch portion, the maximum notch depth of this notch portion is set at 0.2t to 0.7t, and towards the end point of vane trailing edge side, be formed with at air stream and be used for during by above-mentioned notch portion making the boundary layer of the air of peeling off from the above-mentioned outside of belly or the back side to adhere to again towards the trailing edge direction from the blade inlet edge direction up to notch portion from the maximum depth position of this notch portion, boundary layer attachment portion again with convex shape of circular arc portion.

3. blade for vertical shaft windmill, it is characterized in that, being provided with distance blade inlet edge 0.45C is the notch portion of otch starting point at the outside of belly of the vane airfoil profile of the chord-length C of vertical axis windmill or the back side to the position of 0.7C,, be formed with at air stream and be used for during by above-mentioned notch portion making the boundary layer of the air of peeling off from the above-mentioned outside of belly or the back side to adhere to again towards the trailing edge direction towards the end point of vane trailing edge side from the maximum notch depth position of this notch portion from the blade inlet edge direction up to notch portion, boundary layer attachment portion again with convex shape of circular arc portion.

4. blade for vertical shaft windmill, it is characterized in that, being provided with distance trailing edge 0.15C is the notch portion of otch end point at the outside of belly of the vane airfoil profile of the chord-length C of vertical axis windmill or the back side to the position of 0.35C,, be formed with at air stream and be used for during by above-mentioned notch portion making the boundary layer of the air of peeling off from the above-mentioned outside of belly or the back side to adhere to again towards the trailing edge direction towards the end point of vane trailing edge side from the maximum notch depth position of this notch portion from the blade inlet edge direction up to notch portion, boundary layer attachment portion again with convex shape of circular arc portion.

5. blade for vertical shaft windmill, it is characterized in that, by the low speed that is provided with notch portion at the vane airfoil profile outside of belly or the back side with blade-section and the high speed with common aerofoil section that notch portion is not set constitute the blade of vertical axis windmill with blade-section; Above-mentioned notch portion,, be formed with at air stream and be used for making the boundary layer attachment portion again of the boundary layer convex shape that adhere to again, that have circular arc portion of the air of peeling off from the above-mentioned outside of belly or the back side during by above-mentioned notch portion towards the trailing edge direction towards the end point of vane trailing edge side from the maximum notch depth position of this notch portion from the blade inlet edge direction up to notch portion.

6. blade for vertical shaft windmill, it is characterized in that, constitute the blade of vertical axis windmill with blade-section with blade-section and high speed by low speed, wherein, described low speed is provided with notch portion with blade-section at the vane airfoil profile outside of belly or the back side, and have at air stream up to the end point of notch portion towards the vane trailing edge side from the maximum notch depth position of this notch portion and to be used for during by above-mentioned notch portion making the boundary layer of the air of peeling off from the above-mentioned outside of belly or the back side to adhere to again towards the trailing edge direction from the blade inlet edge direction, have the boundary layer attachment portion again of the convex shape of circular arc portion, described high speed has the common aerofoil section that notch portion is not set with blade-section.

7. a vertical axis windmill is characterized in that, possesses any described blade in the claim 1 to 6.