CN100406295C

CN100406295C - Technology for preventing one side driving force loss caused by another side slide rotation

Info

Publication number: CN100406295C
Application number: CNB001365800A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵练平
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2000-12-22
Filing date: 2000-12-22
Publication date: 2008-07-30
Anticipated expiration: 2020-12-22
Also published as: CN100482976C; CN1358640A; CN1721737A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a technology for improving a vehicle driving axle, more specifically a technology for solving the problem that when a driving axel of a vehicle using a differential mechanism slides in a single side, the driving axle causes a driving wheel at the non-sliding side how to rotate. The present invention is realized by the method that a group of motion limiting mechanisms are additionally arranged between two half shafts of the vehicle driving axle to cause the motion speed ratio to be limited in a range of larger than zero and less than infinity. The present invention provides a plurality of technical proposals. The present invention can not only be used for single-axel driving vehicles, but also be used for multi-axel driving vehicles, so the present invention has a wide application prospects.

Description

The vehicular drive bridge construction

The present invention is to provide a kind of solve in the drive axle use diff vehicle when one-sided trackslipping appears in drive wheel, make the drive wheel of the non-side of skidding be unlikely to lose the technology of turning power.

In daily life, we often can see that some vehicles cause the one-sided phenomenon of trackslipping and being difficult to advance of drive wheel because of mire or ice and snow, and tracing it to its cause is exactly that diff in the vehicle drive axle can only make the drive wheel power of the non-side of skidding cause inadequately to the characteristic of both sides axle drive shaft mean allocation torque.

Purpose of the present invention is exactly to seek a kind of advantageous effect that can keep diff in the Vehicular turn process, and can eliminate diff again can not be to the method for the non-this detrimental effect of the drive wheel more power of distribution that skids when one-sided trackslipping appears in drive wheel.

To achieve these goals, the present invention has taked following scheme:

As shown in Figure 1, one group of limit movement mechanism in parallel again between the semiaxis a on the diff c left side in vehicle drive axle and the semiaxis b on the right, the effect of this mechanism is that the motion speed ratio between two semiaxis is limited in greater than zero and less than in the infinitely-great scope, thus as long as wherein any semiaxis rotates, another root semiaxis also just must rotate, thereby the drive wheel that another root semiaxis is driven when the drive wheel that semiaxis drove trackslips therein also can rotate.

Between two semiaxis a of vehicle drive axle and b limit movement mechanism in parallel by the gear f and the gear e that are installed on the semiaxis a and can rotate with semiaxis a, the gear L and the gear S that are installed in that semiaxis b goes up and can rotate with semiaxis b, on monolateral force transmission mechanism w and the gear m that is fixed on the input shaft of monolateral force transmission mechanism w and can rotates with input shaft and the output shaft that is fixed on monolateral force transmission mechanism w and the gear n that can rotate with output shaft, on monolateral force transmission mechanism y and the gear g that is fixed on the input shaft of monolateral force transmission mechanism y and can rotates with input shaft and the output shaft that is fixed on monolateral force transmission mechanism y and the basic element of the gear h that can rotate with output shaft and bearing and so on form.

Between two semiaxis of vehicle drive axle the installation requirement of each parts of limit movement mechanism in parallel be: the gear m on the input shaft of monolateral force transmission mechanism w be meshed with gear f on the semiaxis a and output shaft on gear n be meshed with gear s on the semiaxis b, the gear g on the input shaft of monolateral force transmission mechanism y be meshed with gear L on the semiaxis b and output shaft on gear h be meshed with gear e on the semiaxis a.It is bigger that monolateral force transmission mechanism w and monolateral force transmission mechanism y adopt apportion to arrange just to make the shared space of whole limit movement mechanism among Fig. 1, if adopt centralized arrangement shown in Figure 2, then helps dwindling the space.

For between two semiaxis a making vehicle drive axle and the b limit movement mechanism in parallel when overcoming that drive wheel is one-sided and trackslipping, can not have influence on the turning efficiency of vehicle, gear m and the gear n on the output shaft, the ratio of number of teeth between the gear s on the semiaxis b on the input shaft of the gear f on the semiaxis a, monolateral force transmission mechanism w are satisfied: the rotating speed of outer side drive wheel when the rotating speed/vehicle of side drive wheel is done the minimum turning radius motion in when f/m * n/s≤vehicle is done the minimum turning radius motion.And the ratio of number of teeth between the gear g on the gear L on the semiaxis b, the input shaft of monolateral force transferring structure y and the gear h on the output shaft, the gear e on the semiaxis a satisfies: the rotating speed of outer side drive wheel when the rotating speed/vehicle of side drive wheel is done the minimum turning radius motion in when L/g * h/e≤vehicle is done the minimum turning radius motion.Annotate: the rotating speed of medial and lateral drive wheel was meant that respectively vehicle doing sharp turn rotating speed with the inside and outside drive wheel of drive axle when travelling when said here vehicle was done the minimum turning radius motion, if vehicle is done the rotating speed of sharp turn inside and outside drive wheel when travelling respectively with replacing with S in the S outward, then the above-mentioned relation formula can change respectively be in f/m * n/s≤S/S outside, in L/g * h/e≤S/S outside.

Though between two semiaxis a of vehicle drive axle and b in the limit movement mechanism in parallel used monolateral force transmission mechanism w and y be a kind of just changeing or reversing at input shaft can both drive output shaft and rotate, output shaft is just to change or reversing all to drive the mechanism that input shaft rotates, it is to transform to form on the basis of planetary gear train, as shown in Figure 3, the sun gear t of planetary gear train is fastened on the rotating shaft z who vertically runs through from its core wheel, the pinion carrier of planetary gear train and one are that the activity wheel j of pivot center links with rotating shaft z, gear ring q is fastened on the concentric axle sleeve r of rotating shaft z left end, also have a gear u to be fixed in the rotating shaft on the right side of free gear j, gear p is meshed with free gear j, gear v is meshed with gear u, gear p and gear v are fixed on the rotating shaft d, rotating shaft d is installed on the bearing that is set on the long-armed k, long-armed k is fixed on the gear ring q; Axle sleeve r is an input shaft, and rotating shaft z is an output shaft; Ratio of number of teeth between sun gear t, gear ring q, free gear j, gear p, gear v, the gear u should satisfy: 1/ (q/t+1) * j/p=u/v.

The principle of work of monolateral force transmission mechanism is: will cause that when the rotating shaft z that plays output action rotates gear t fixed thereon and gear u rotate, because being exactly the axle sleeve r that will can not pack up input end when the rotating shaft z that plays the output use rotates, the purpose that monolateral force transmission mechanism exists rotates, thereby should not rotate with gear ring q that axle sleeve r links yet, the rotation of sun gear t just can only drive planetary wheel x rotation thus, the rotation of x drives free gear j again and rotates, this moment, free gear j was identical with turning to of rotating shaft z, because 1/ (q/t+1) * j/p=u/v, thereby rotating shaft d just dallies under the common drive of free gear j and gear u, long-armed k just can not rotate, the rotational energy of rotating shaft z changes biography less than on the gear ring q, and the axle sleeve r that plays input action just can not rotate yet; When input shaft r rotates, if sun gear t transfixion, then planetary wheel x will inevitably rotate and drive free gear j rotation, free gear j can pass through gear p again, rotating shaft d, gear v driven gear u rotates, thereby rotating shaft z is rotated, because the rotation energy of rotating shaft z causes the rotation of sun gear t, and the rotating speed of sun gear t and planetary wheel x, the revolution ratio of gear ring q does not also match, thereby can cause whole monolateral force transmission mechanism stuck and be forced to do unitary rotation, the work that this moment, monolateral force transmission mechanism only was equivalent to coupler passes to output shaft in order to 1: 1 the ratio power with input shaft.

Monolateral force transmission mechanism is except structure shown in Figure 3, and many deformed configurations of also can deriving on this basis are as Fig. 4, Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6.R is an input shaft among Fig. 4, z is an output shaft, long-armed k is fixed on gear ring q and upward and by bearing links with rotating shaft d ', rotating shaft z, rotating shaft d respectively, and the ratio of number of teeth between sun gear t, gear ring q, free gear j, gear p, gear v, the gear u should satisfy the condition of 1/ (q/t+1) * j/p=u/v; Gear p '=p, gear v '=v; The existence of gear p ', gear v ', rotating shaft d ' can make the stressed more balanced of entire mechanism.There is bearings at the two ends of output shaft z among Fig. 5, gear ring q adopts double cog and a bearing is set on the wheel rim between internal tooth and the external tooth and is used to install rotating shaft d, the internal tooth q1 of gear ring q is meshed with planetary wheel x, the external tooth q2 of gear ring q directly is meshed with gear on the semiaxis of vehicle drive axle and plays the effect of imput power, and the ratio of number of teeth between the internal tooth q1 of gear ring q, sun gear t, free gear j, gear p, gear u, the gear v should satisfy the condition of 1/ (q1/t+1) * j/p=u/v.What Fig. 6 adopted is the taper planetary gear train, its gear t, and free gear j, the ratio of number of teeth between gear u, gear v, the gear p should satisfy the condition of 1/ (q/t+1) * j/p=u/v, and r is an input shaft among the figure, and z is an output shaft.

Monolateral force transmission mechanism shown in Figure 7 is to transform to form on a basis with the right planetary gear train of planetary wheel, it is configured to: the end of rotating shaft z is inserted in the rotating axle sleeve r, the gear t that is fixed on the gear q on the axle sleeve r and is fixed on the rotating shaft z is meshed to last gear x2 and gear x1 with a planetary wheel respectively, the pivoted arm of planetary gear train and movable gear ring j link, the moving gear ring j of the i that lives is installed in that rotating shaft z goes up and is pivot center with rotating shaft z, the right side of free gear j also has a gear u to be fixed on the rotating shaft z, engagement in gear p and the movable gear ring j, gear v and gear u external toothing, gear p and gear v are fixed on the rotating shaft d, rotating shaft d is installed in the bearing that long-armed k disposes, and long-armed k is fixed on the axle sleeve r; Axle sleeve r is an input shaft, and rotating shaft z is an output shaft; Gear q, planetary wheel are to (the condition of q/t * x1/x2-1) * j/p=u/v that should satisfy 1/ of the ratio of number of teeth between last gear x1 and x2, gear t, gear ring j, gear p, the gear v gear u.

On the structure of monolateral force transmission mechanism and principle of work thereof, can find out that it also has an important characteristic: turning to output shaft under the identical situation can do running, but output shaft can not be done the moving commentaries on classics than input shaft lower speed than input shaft more speed.

The driving wheel of vehicle that makes shown in Figure 1 because of the realization principle of the one-sided technology of losing the opposite side propulsive effort of trackslipping is not: gear f when the vehicle straight-line travelling on the semiaxis a and the gear L on gear e, the semiaxis b and gear s are with the speed motion, this moment, the input shaft rotational speed of monolateral force transmission mechanism w and monolateral force transmission mechanism y all was lower than the rotating speed of output shaft, owing to the characteristic of monolateral force transmission mechanism " output shaft can be done the running than input shaft more speed " makes limit movement mechanism can not produce restrictive function to the motion between two semiaxis; The drive wheel that is driven as semiaxis a the rotating speed that is directed at semiaxis a occurs skidding when surpassing the rotating speed of semiaxis b, because the characteristic of monolateral force transmission mechanism " output shaft can not be made the running than input shaft lower speed " has determined that the rotating speed of the output shaft of monolateral force transmission mechanism w can not be less than input shaft rotational speed, thereby the power of semiaxis a will pass through gear f when the speed ratio of semiaxis b and semiaxis a drops to the degree of the number of teeth of the number of teeth/s of the number of teeth * n of the number of teeth/m of rotating speed=f of rotating speed/a of b, gear m, monolateral force transmission mechanism w, gear n, gear s is delivered on the semiaxis b, and semiaxis b can be rotated with the rotation of semiaxis a; When the rotating speed that the tyre slip that is driven at semiaxis b is led semiaxis b surpasses the rotating speed of semiaxis a, on the one hand because the characteristic of monolateral force transmission mechanism " output shaft can be made the running than input shaft more speed " has determined the monolateral force transmission mechanism w of power impassabitity on the semiaxis b to transmit to semiaxis a, on the other hand when the speed ratio of semiaxis a and semiaxis b is reduced to the degree of the number of teeth of the number of teeth/e of the number of teeth * h of the number of teeth/g of rotating speed=L of rotating speed/b of a, power on the semiaxis b can pass through gear L again, gear g, monolateral force transmission mechanism y, gear h, gear e is delivered on the semiaxis a, and semiaxis a can be rotated with the rotation of semiaxis b; Work as Ackermann steer angle, because the rotating speed of outer side drive wheel when the rotating speed/vehicle of side drive wheel is done the minimum turning radius motion in when the number of teeth≤vehicle of the number of teeth/s of the number of teeth * n of the number of teeth/m of f is done the minimum turning radius motion, the rotating speed of outer side drive wheel when the rotating speed/vehicle of side drive wheel is done the minimum turning radius motion in when the number of teeth≤vehicle of the number of teeth/e of the number of teeth * h of the number of teeth/g of L is done the minimum turning radius motion, thereby the input shaft rotational speed of monolateral force transmission mechanism w and monolateral force transmission mechanism y is less than or equal to the rotating speed of output shaft, limit movement mechanism just can not produce restrictive function to the motion of two semiaxis yet, makes the steering capability of vehicle continue to keep normal; Because monolateral force transmission mechanism w and the monolateral biography y of mechanism have the characteristic of " no matter input shaft is just changeing still counter-rotating can both drive the output shaft running; output shaft is just changeing still counter-rotating all can not drive the input shaft running ", thereby no matter vehicle advance or retreat, and limit movement mechanism can both give play to the effect of " making driving wheel of vehicle not lose the opposite side propulsive effort because of one-sided trackslipping ".

The application of the present invention on vehicle can be good at improving its adaptive capacity to muddy road surface, ice and snow road, can be faster, more steady, stronger when making it on these road surfaces, to travel, this not only can satisfy the demand of farm vehicle, cross-country car, this class of the engineering truck vehicle of operation under the relatively poor condition of the road conditions of being everlasting, and to lorry, this class of car travel road conditions preferably vehicle also be sought after, therefore be with a wide range of applications.

After normal one-sided the trackslipping of drive wheel that occurs of travelling under the undesirable conditions such as mire, sleet, just be difficult to a difficult problem of advancing in order to solve vehicle, both at home and abroad no small effort has all been done by many auto vendors: automatic friction device has been installed additional in some producer on the axle side gear of automobile, and the frictional resistance that makes it to occur increasing when drive wheel is one-sided to trackslip at automobile the axle side gear of the side of skidding improves the power of the axle side gear of the non-side of skidding; A Locking Device has been installed additional in some producer on the diff of automobile, cause skidding the speed discrepancy of axle side gear and the axle side gear of the non-side of skidding of side diff locking automatically just when surpassing certain limit when driving wheel of vehicle takes place by one-sided trackslipping, the drive wheel on both sides is done with speed moved.The present invention compares with above-mentioned technology, and it has obvious superiority: the side of, skidding among the present invention by wheel word to the non-side transferring power of skidding, thereby its good reliability, it is big to transmit torque; Two, used limit movement mechanism is connected in parallel between two semiaxis among the present invention, to the driven performance of vehicle without any obstruction, even if also can not produce harmful effect when limit movement mechanism breaks down to the original driveability of vehicle; Three, because the rotating speed of outer side drive wheel when the rotating speed/vehicle of side drive wheel is done the minimum turning radius motion in when the number of teeth≤vehicle of the number of teeth/s of the number of teeth * n of the number of teeth/m of f is done the minimum turning radius motion among the present invention, the rotating speed of outer side drive wheel when the rotating speed/vehicle of side drive wheel is done the minimum turning radius motion in when the number of teeth≤vehicle of the number of teeth/e of the number of teeth * h of the number of teeth/g of L is done the minimum turning radius motion, thereby will skid when one-sided trackslipping appears in the driving wheel of vehicle power of side semiaxis of limit movement mechanism also plays a part deceleration force amplifier in the process of the non-side semiaxis transmission of skidding, can make the non-side of skidding obtain to be several times as much as moment of torsion (multiple and the L/s * h/e of moment of torsion increase the cruising state under, the ratio of f/m * n/s is relevant, it is big more to be worth its reduction ratio of more little explanation, the multiple that moment of torsion increases is also just many more), thus improve greatly driving wheel of vehicle monolateral skid or monolateral vacant state under locomitivity.

Make driving wheel of vehicle not because of one-sided trackslip lose the opposite side propulsive effort technology except scheme shown in Figure 1, Fig. 8 also is a kind of new scheme: the outside of the driven gear 2 of the main reduction gear in vehicle drive axle installs a gear 3 additional, gear 3 links with gear 2 and rotates with gear 2, relative and the composition rotating shaft d that is bound up of the input shaft of monolateral force transmission mechanism w and the monolateral biography y of mechanism, gear u is fixed on rotating shaft d and upward and with gear 3 is meshed, gear h is fixed on the monolateral force transmission mechanism w output shaft, the semiaxis a that gear e is fixed on the diff left side upward and with gear h is meshed, gear n is fixed on the output shaft of monolateral force transmission mechanism y, and the semiaxis b that gear s is fixed on diff the right upward and with gear n is meshed; Ratio of number of teeth between gear 3, gear u, gear h, gear c, gear n, the gear s should satisfy following requirement: the rotating speed of the driven gear 2 of main reduction gear when rotating speed/vehicle that association's wheel was driven in the inboard when rotating speed of the driven gear 2 of main reduction gear and tooth 3/u * n/s≤vehicle were done the minimum turning radius motion when tooth 3/u * h/e≤vehicle was made the rotating speed/vehicle that drives association's wheel in minimum turning radius when motion inboard and done the minimum turning radius motion is done the minimum turning radius motion.

The driving wheel of vehicle that makes shown in Figure 8 because of the realization principle of the one-sided technology of losing the opposite side propulsive effort of trackslipping is not: when vehicle is in the cruising state, because the rotating speed of the driven gear 2 of main reduction gear when rotating speed/vehicle that association's wheel was driven in the inboard when rotating speed of the driven gear 2 of main reduction gear and tooth 3/u * n/s≤vehicle were done the minimum turning radius motion when tooth 3/u * h/e≤vehicle was made the rotating speed/vehicle that drives association's wheel in minimum turning radius when motion inboard and done the minimum turning radius motion is done the minimum turning radius motion, thereby no matter vehicle is to keep straight on or turn, gear n on the rotating speed of gear h on the output shaft of monolateral force transmission mechanism w and the output shaft of monolateral force transmission mechanism y can be less than the rotating speed of their public input shaft gear u, this meets the operating characteristic of monolateral force transmission mechanism " output shaft can be done the moving commentaries on classics than input shaft more speed ", between gear u and the gear h, just there is not interaction power between gear u and the gear n yet, semiaxis a and semiaxis b also just are in normal motion strained condition, and the cruising performance of vehicle is also just at all unaffected; When the number of teeth of the number of teeth/s of the number of teeth * n of the number of teeth/u of rotating speed=tooth 3 of rotating speed/a of causing b appears trackslipping in the drive wheel that is driven as semiaxis a, the power of the driven gear 2 on the main reduction gear just can pass through gear 3, gear u passes on the input shaft of monolateral force transmission mechanism y, because the characteristic of monolateral force transmission mechanism " no matter input shaft is just changeing still counter-rotating can both drive the output shaft rotation ", make the power on the monolateral force transmission mechanism input shaft can pass on the output shaft, thereby driven gear n rotates, gear n driven gear s again rotates, and the revolution ratio of semiaxis b and semiaxis a just can not reduce yet again; When the number of teeth of the number of teeth/e of the number of teeth * h of the number of teeth/u of rotating speed=tooth 3 of commentaries on classics/b of causing a appears trackslipping in the drive wheel that is driven as semiaxis b, the power of the gear 2 on the main reduction gear will be delivered on the semiaxis a by gear 3, gear u, monolateral force transmission mechanism w, gear h, gear e, revolution ratio between semiaxis a and the semiaxis b is just no longer reduced, and the drive wheel that semiaxis a is driven just can not lost propulsive effort.Any semiaxis of drive axle in this scheme is because fracture or axle side gear when losing efficacy, and another root semiaxis still can independently play a role, thereby has solved the difficult problem that vehicle can not travel because of a semiaxis inefficacy.

Scheme shown in Figure 1 is to realize goal of the invention by limiting two speed ratios between the semiaxis, scheme shown in Figure 8 is to realize goal of the invention by the speed ratio between the driven gear that limits every semiaxis and main reduction gear, scheme shown in Figure 9 then is to realize goal of the invention by the speed ratio between the driving gear that limits every semiaxis and main reduction gear, its principle is similar to such scheme, in this just no longer explanation, but its technical characterictic ought to be still in ownership scope of the present invention.1 is the driving gear of main reduction gear among Fig. 9,2 is the driven gear of main reduction gear, and 3 are mounted in the finishing bevel gear cuter on the input shaft of monolateral force transmission mechanism y, and 4 are mounted in the finishing bevel gear cuter on the input shaft of monolateral force transmission mechanism w, a is the semiaxis on the diff left side, and b is the semiaxis on diff the right.

Because the minimum turning radius of some vehicle etc. is longer than the diagonal line between front-wheel and the trailing wheel, that is to say that it can be that centre of gration is done limit divertical motion with any one trailing wheel, this just needs the motion speed ratio between two trailing wheels can reach infinitely great, and above-mentioned scheme all only at the speed ratio of both sides drive wheel greater than zero and could use during less than infinity, be not suitable on the rear driving axle of this class vehicle, being provided with, but can (although vehicle has a trailing wheel can not rotate, two front-wheels all must rotate) be set on the front driving axle of this class vehicle when doing limit divertical motion.Certainly, the vehicle that makes those need utilize rear-axle drive and have limit steering capability concurrently is not lost the propulsive effort of opposite side when one-sided trackslipping appears in drive wheel, then can adopt scheme shown in Figure 10: add gear 1 on the semiaxis a on the diff c left side, gear 1 is fixed on the semiaxis a and can rotates with semiaxis a.On the semiaxis b on diff c the right, add gear 2, gear 2 is fixed on the semiaxis b and can rotates with semiaxis b, gear 5 is fixed on the left end of rotating shaft 10 and is meshed with gear 1, the gear ring 6 of planetary gear train is anchored on the right-hand member of rotating shaft 10 and the rotation centerline of its rotation centerline and rotating shaft 10 coincides, the sun gear 7 of planetary gear train is fixed on the left end of rotating shaft 11, the right-hand member of rotating shaft 11 is fixed with gear 4, intermediate gear 3 promptly is meshed with gear 4 and is meshed with gear 2, the pinion carrier of planetary gear train links with the free gear 8 that is installed in the rotating shaft 11, free gear 8 is meshed with gear 9, and gear 9 is installed in can be moving with the turning cylinder axle on the turning cylinder of braking motor d; Ratio of number of teeth between gear 1, gear 2, gear 4, gear 5, gear 6, the gear 7 should satisfy the condition of tooth 1/ tooth 5 * tooth 6/ tooth 7=tooth 2/ tooth 4.

The realization principle of scheme shown in Figure 10 is; Semiaxis a is identical with the rotating speed of semiaxis b when the vehicle straight-line travelling, because tooth 1/ tooth 5 * tooth 6/ tooth 7=tooth 2/ tooth 4, thereby the pinion carrier of planetary gear train is motionless, also just motionless with the free gear 8 that pinion carrier links, be installed on the braking motor turning cylinder and motionless with gear 8 mating gear 9, the rotor of braking motor d is also just motionless; Speed discrepancy can appear in semiaxis a and semiaxis b when Vehicular turn, thereby cause the rotation of pinion carrier, free gear 8 also will rotate and driven gear 9 rotates, the rotor of braking motor d also will rotate, but this moment, braking motor did not have energising to be in the state of no application force, thereby can not cause impairment to normal direction of rotation; When the one-sided situation of trackslipping of drive wheel appears in vehicle under steam, fast missionary society between semiaxis a and the semiaxis b causes the rotation of the free gear 8 that links with pinion carrier and the rotation of driven gear 9, the rotor of braking motor d will rotate, this moment, the vehicle driver can start braking motor d, braking motor will produce a static application force and remove to restrain the rotational force that is delivered on the rotor, make the rotative speed of rotor reduce, thereby force the speed ratio between semiaxis a and the semiaxis b to move closer to, the drive wheel of the non-side of skidding will obtain rotating speed and move.

Owing to vehicle can cause the revolution ratio of the drive wheel on both sides often to be in a kind of state of change in oscillation because of the unequal reason of road in the process of moving, this can cause that free gear 8 produces frequent low-angle positive and negative alternate motion, and this turning effect can be quickened its damage after passing to braking motor by gear 9.For the frequent low-angle positive and negative alternate motion that makes free gear 8 is unlikely to pass to braking motor d, gear 9 adopts half activity shown in Figure 11 to connect with the turning cylinder of braking motor---and gear 9 can rotate on the turning cylinder 12 of braking motor d, but make gear 9 only less than the move place of a circle owing to be installed in the barrier effect that 13 pairs of projections on the turning cylinder 12 are installed in the projection 14 of gear 9 sides, the ill effect that the sort of frequent low-angle positive and negative alternate that free gear 8 is passed come rotates all consumes at gear 9 nearly on the movable stroke of a circle.

Certainly, it is also passable directly to install a brake equipment additional if do not use braking motor on free gear 8, brake equipment unclamps when normal vehicle operation, the rotating speed of gear 8 is limited in the tire that just can make the non-side of skidding in the lower scope continues to obtain rotating speed and can not lose propulsive effort as long as start brake equipment when one-sided trackslipping appears in drive wheel.

That works though the technical scheme that Figure 10 provided can not resemble Fig. 1, scheme shown in Figure 8 makes the drive wheel of the non-side of skidding obtain bigger running moment of torsion, but its unnecessary grade is the competence exertion effect when the speed ratio of the drive wheel on both sides reaches largely, but enable at any time according to the situation of road, thereby can make vehicle keep the one-sided phenomenon of trackslipping of actv. prevention drive wheel under the state of running at high speed by chaufeur.

Certainly, the method that makes those vehicles that need utilize rear-axle drive not lose the propulsive effort of opposite side when one-sided trackslipping appears in drive wheel and can have limit steering capability concurrently also has a lot, such as can be in scheme shown in Figure 1 at gear f, gear m, gear n, gear L, gear g, gear h, each optional gear is made the bascule that can slide vertically among the gear e, only need when needed by a load transfer device promote this in axial sliding gear make its jump out of mesh vehicle just can do the divertical motion of any radius, scheme shown in Figure 8 only need make gear u in axial sliding that bascule also can satisfy the needs that the limit turns to.

The technology that is provided among the present invention not only can be used for single bridge powered vehicle, the vehicle that many bridges drive equally also can use, a kind of method of in the vehicle of two drivings, using present technique that shown in Figure 12 is exactly: on the rear driving axle of the front driving axle of vehicle, install the cover driving wheel of vehicle that makes shown in Figure 2 respectively additional and do not lose the device of opposite side propulsive effort because of one-sided trackslipping, add a perpendicular middle drive axle of putting between the preposition transmission shaft z1 of vehicle and the rearmounted transmission shaft z2, the structure of middle drive axle is identical with common drive axle, also be furnished with a cover the sort of device shown in Figure 2 between the semiaxis a ' of middle drive axle and the semiaxis b ' and be used for limiting both slowest ratios---when the number of teeth≤vehicle of the number of teeth/e ' of the number of teeth * h ' of the number of teeth/g ' of device L ' is done the minimum turning radius motion two trailing wheels rotating speed and/when vehicle is done the minimum turning radius motion two front-wheels rotating speed and and the number of teeth≤1 of the number of teeth/s ' of the number of teeth * n ' of the number of teeth/m ' of f ' (in theory vehicle be keep straight on or turn the rotating speed of its two front-wheel and not can less than the rotating speed of two trailing wheels with, but not enough or other reason causes the swinging radius of vehicle rear wheel to be slightly less than the swinging radius of front-wheel sometimes owing to air pressure in actual applications, when vehicle is done straight-line travelling in this case the rotating speed of two trailing wheels and just should surpass two front-wheels rotating speed and, so just can make the kinematic velocity of front and back wheel on road reach coordination, thereby the value of f '/m ' * n '/s ' should be less than 1 in actual applications; In addition, on setting, take turns the footpath for those front and rear wheels and to f '/m ' * n '/s ' value the time, also will consider both impeller diameter ratios with regard to inconsistent vehicle), gear m ' in the device on the input shaft of monolateral force transmission mechanism w ' is meshed with gear f ' on the semiaxis a ', the gear n ' on the output shaft is meshed with gear s ' on the semiaxis b ', and the gear g ' in the device on the input shaft of monolateral force transmission mechanism y ' is meshed with gear L ' on the semiaxis b ', the gear h ' on the output shaft is meshed with gear e ' on the semiaxis a '.The reception gear z3 of drive axle in the middle of the power of driving engine is passed to by the output gear of change speed gear box during vehicle ', z3 will rotate and drive diff and rotate, and this moment, vehicle was if do straight-line motion, the rotating speed of rotating speed=a ' of b '.When vehicle is done divertical motion, the semiaxis a of vehicle front driving axle and the rotating speed of semiaxis b and just be greater than the vehicle rear driving axle semiaxis a " and semiaxis b " rotating speed and, thereby the diff in the middle drive axle will be to the more rotating speed of semiaxis b ' distribution and to the less rotating speed of semiaxis a ' distribution so that the rotating speed of each drive wheel coordinate mutually; As semiaxis a " when the drive wheel that is driven trackslips; the number of teeth of the number of teeth * m of the rotating speed=s of " rotating speed/b " as long as a " the number of teeth/n " " the number of teeth/f "; semiaxis a " just can pass through gear f "; gear m ", monolateral force transmission mechanism w "; gear n ", gear s " to semiaxis b " transferring power, this moment transmission shaft z2 the rotating speed of the number of teeth/f " the number of teeth) * b " of the number of teeth/n " the number of teeth * m " of rotating speed=(rotating speed of b " rotating speed+a ") ÷ 2=[b " rotating speed+(s "] ÷ 2, kinematic principle is told us: make semiaxis a, semiaxis b, the rotating speed of semiaxis b " drive wheel that is driven can both be brought into play rotating speed=b that driving action just must make rotating speed=b of a simultaneously under the state of vehicle straight-line travelling ", therefore should make the rotating speed of rotating speed/z1 of z2=(number of teeth of the number of teeth * m of 1+s " the number of teeth/n " " the number of teeth/f ") ÷ 2 in this case, because the revolution ratio of z2 and z1 is subjected to gear s ', gear n ', gear m/, the restriction of the gear mechanism that gear f ' is formed, therefore the semiaxis b during revolution ratio out of reach requirement of z2 and z1 under the situation of (number of teeth of the number of teeth * m of 1+s " the number of teeth/n " " the number of teeth/f ") if the number of teeth ∠ of the number of teeth/f ' of the number of teeth * m ' of the number of teeth/n ' of s ' " the active rotating speed will be less than the rotating speed of semiaxis a and semiaxis b; semiaxis b " just can not bring into play driving action and can only do driven running under the dragging of front driving wheel by the drive wheel that is driven, certainly, if trackslipping also appears in front driving wheel or make effective rotating speed of front driving wheel be reduced to and semiaxis b because of the semiaxis fault " active rotating speed when identical, " drive wheel that is driven is just participated in driving to semiaxis b automatically; When the inboard that semiaxis b " from gear L " occurs fractures the situation of (if still can pass through gear L ", gear g ", gear h ", gear e " to semiaxis a from gear L " the outside fracture then semiaxis b " " transferring power); will cause whole rear driving axle to lose power-handling capability; the interior semiaxis a ' of middle drive axle will dally; but it can pass through gear f ', gear m ', monolateral force transmission mechanism w ', gear n ', gear s ' to semiaxis b ' transferring power, thus make front driving axle can continue to bring into play driving action.Among semiaxis a, semiaxis b, the semiaxis a ", semiaxis b " in any root fracture or the drive wheel that they drove any one has at least two drive wheels can normal operations when trackslipping.

Doube bridge method of driving shown in Figure 12 has not only solved the difficult problem that vehicle can not turn to, wear on tyres is serious when utilizing part-time case to carry out four wheel drive, and can be at 1-3 drive wheel because skid, still can continue to keep under the situation of semiaxis fracture or other reason forfeiture power-handling capability the power-handling capability of vehicle, and the number moment of torsion that its effective drive wheel obtained more for a long time at the inefficacy drive wheel will increase greatly more automatically, and this is a kind of desirable power lotus upset condition.Therefore, the technology generation qualitative leap that its appearance can make many bridges drive---make each drive wheel of vehicle under any road conditions, can both coordinate to drive, thereby thoroughly solved the international difficult problem that all drive axles of vehicle that many bridges drive can not all be participated in normal driving.

Claims

1. one kind makes vehicular drive not lose the structure of opposite side propulsive effort because of one-sided trackslipping, it is two semiaxis (a at existing common vehicle drive axle, b) one group of limit movement mechanism in parallel again between, the effect of this mechanism is that the running speed ratio between two semiaxis is limited in greater than zero and less than in the infinitely-great scope, when thereby the drive wheel that semiaxis drove trackslips therein, the power conduction function of a part of power utilization limit movement mechanism of this semiaxis can be transported to and make it on another root semiaxis to rotate, it is characterized in that, comprising:

1) at two semiaxis (a of vehicle drive axle, b) between limit movement mechanism in parallel be by the gear (f) and the gear (e) that are installed in that semiaxis (a) is gone up and can rotate with semiaxis (a), being installed in semiaxis (b) upward also can be with the gear (L) and the gear (s) of semiaxis (b) rotation, the gear (n) that also can rotate with output shaft on monolateral force transmission mechanism (w) and the gear (m) that is fixed on the input shaft of monolateral force transmission mechanism (w) and can rotates with input shaft and the output shaft that is fixed on monolateral force transmission mechanism (w), on monolateral force transmission mechanism (y) and the gear (g) that is fixed on the input shaft of monolateral force transmission mechanism (y) and can rotates with input shaft and the output shaft that is fixed on monolateral force transmission mechanism (y) and the gear (h) that can rotate with output shaft, and the basic element composition of bearing and so on;

2) at two semiaxis (a of vehicle drive axle, b) between the installation requirement of each parts of limit movement mechanism in parallel be: the gear (m) on the input shaft of monolateral force transmission mechanism (w) be meshed with gear (f) on the semiaxis (a) and output shaft on gear (n) be meshed with gear (s) on the semiaxis (b), the gear (g) on the input shaft of monolateral force transmission mechanism (y) be meshed with gear (L) on the semiaxis (b) and output shaft on gear (h) be meshed with gear (e) on the semiaxis (a);

3) two semiaxis of vehicle drive axle (a, between b) in the limit movement mechanism in parallel gear (n) on cog (m) and the output shaft on the input shaft of the gear (f) on the semiaxis (a), monolateral force transmission mechanism (w), the ratio of number of teeth between the gear (s) on the semiaxis (b) should satisfy following requirement:

The rotating speed of outer side drive wheel when rotating speed/vehicle that the number of teeth≤vehicle of the number of teeth/gear (s) of the number of teeth * gear (n) of the number of teeth/gear (m) of gear (f) is done side drive wheel in minimum turning radius when motion is done the minimum turning radius motion, and the cog gear (h) on (g) and the output shaft, the ratio of number of teeth between the gear (e) on the semiaxis (a) of the input shaft of the gear (L) on the semiaxis (b), monolateral force transmission mechanism (y) should satisfy following requirement:

The rotating speed of outer side drive when the rotating speed/vehicle of side drive wheel is done the minimum turning radius motion in when the number of teeth≤vehicle of the number of teeth/gear (e) of the number of teeth * gear (h) of the number of teeth/gear (g) of gear (L) is done the minimum turning radius motion.

2. the vehicular drive that makes according to claim 1 is not lost the structure of opposite side propulsive effort because of one-sided trackslipping, and it is characterized in that, comprising:

1) at two semiaxis (a of vehicle drive axle, b) between used monolateral force transmission mechanism in the limit movement mechanism in parallel (w is no matter a kind of input shaft is just changeing or reversing and can both drive that output shaft rotates and output shaft is just changeing or reverse and all can not drive the mechanism of input shaft rotation y);

2) at two semiaxis (a of vehicle drive axle, b) between used monolateral force transmission mechanism (w in the limit movement mechanism in parallel, y) be to form in transformation on the basis of a planetary gear train: the sun gear of planetary gear train (t) is fastened in the rotating shaft that vertically runs through from its core wheel (z), the pinion carrier of planetary gear train and one are that the free gear (j) of pivot center links with rotating shaft (z), gear ring (q) is fastened on the concentric axle sleeve (r) of rotating shaft (z) left end, also have in the fixing rotating shaft (z) of a gear (u) on the right side of free gear (j), gear (p) is meshed with free gear (j), gear (v) is meshed with gear (u), gear (p) (v) all is fixed in the rotating shaft (d) with gear, rotating shaft (d) is installed in again on the bearing of long-armed (k), long-armed (k) is fixed on the gear ring (q), and planetary wheel (x) is installed between sun gear (t) and the gear ring (q); Axle sleeve (r) is an input shaft, and rotating shaft (z) is an output shaft; (v), the ratio of number of teeth between the gear (u) should satisfy the number of teeth/gear (condition of the number of teeth v) of [1/ (number of teeth+1 of the number of teeth/gear (t) of gear (q))] * (number of teeth of the number of teeth/gear (p) of gear (j))=gear (u) for sun gear (t), gear ring (q), free gear (j), gear (p), gear.

3. the vehicular drive that makes according to claim 1 and 2 is not lost the structure of opposite side propulsive effort because of one-sided trackslipping, it is characterized in that: at two semiaxis (a of vehicle drive axle, b) between used monolateral force transmission mechanism (w in the limit movement mechanism in parallel, y) be no matter a kind of input shaft is just changeing or reversing and can both drive that output shaft rotates and output shaft is just changeing or reverse and all can not drive the mechanism of input shaft rotation, it is to have to transform on the basis of the right planetary gear train of planetary wheel one to form, and it is configured to---an end of rotating shaft (z) is inserted in the rotating axle sleeve (r), the gear (t) that is fixed on the gear (q) on the axle sleeve (r) and is fixed in the rotating shaft (z) is meshed to last gear (x2) with (x1) with a planetary wheel respectively, pivoted arm that planetary wheel is right and movable gear ring (j) link, movable gear ring (j) is installed in that rotating shaft (z) is gone up and is pivot center with rotating shaft (z), the right side of movable gear ring (j) also has a gear (u) to be fixed in the rotating shaft (z), gear (p) and the interior engagement of movable gear ring (j), gear is (v) with gear (u) external toothing, gear (p) and gear (v) all are fixed in the rotating shaft (d), rotating shaft (d) is installed in the bearing that is disposed on long-armed (k), long-armed (k) is fixed on the axle sleeve (r); Axle sleeve (r) is an input shaft, and rotating shaft (z) is an output shaft; Gear (q), planetary wheel are to last gear (x1) and (x2), (v), the ratio of number of teeth between the gear (u) should satisfy the number of teeth/gear (condition of the number of teeth v) of the number of teeth=gear (u) of the number of teeth/gear (p) of 1/ (number of teeth-1 of the number of teeth/gear (x2) of the number of teeth * gear (x1) of the number of teeth/gear (t) of gear (q)) * gear (j) for gear (t), movable gear ring (j), gear (p), gear.