CN100400586C - 一种耐磨导电复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种耐磨导电复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN100400586C
CN100400586C CNB2006100498277A CN200610049827A CN100400586C CN 100400586 C CN100400586 C CN 100400586C CN B2006100498277 A CNB2006100498277 A CN B2006100498277A CN 200610049827 A CN200610049827 A CN 200610049827A CN 100400586 C CN100400586 C CN 100400586C
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composite material
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conductive composite
resistant conductive
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CN1834144A (zh
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刘芙
张孝彬
贺狄龙
周胜名
弋桂芬
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

本发明公开的耐磨导电复合材料的组分及其重量百分比含量:多壁碳纳米管4~7%,高密度聚乙烯96~93%。其制备采用熔融共混法,步骤如下:按比例称取多壁碳纳米管粉末及高密度聚乙烯颗粒,于150℃~170℃下均匀混合后放入模具中,先在165℃~180℃下预热5~20分钟,随后在5~20MPa及10~30MPa压力下各压制5~20分钟,脱膜,冷却到室温。本发明的耐磨导电复合材料,以高密度聚乙烯为基体,多壁碳纳米管为添加剂,既具有优良的导电性能,又具有优良的耐磨减摩功能,同时制备工艺简单,操作方便,重复性好。

Description

一种耐磨导电复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种耐磨导电复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
碳纳米管是上世纪90年代初发现的一种新材料,是由石墨层按一定的方式卷曲而成,按其形成的层数可分为单壁纳米碳管和多壁纳米碳管,是目前一维材料研究领域里最广受欢迎的纳米材料的典型代表。碳纳米管由于其优良的电学、力学和热学性能,在场发射、吸波、电极材料、通用高分子材料等很多领域都具有很好的应用前景,世界各国都在对其进一步的应用研究方面加大了力度和投入。
高分子材料一般具有容易成型等优点,但通常为绝缘材料,因而限制了它在许多方面的应用。为使其成为导体或半导体,可采用添加导电填料的方法。使用碳纳米管作为高分子材料的导电添加剂,由于碳纳米管具有极大的长径比,只需添加少量即可达到导电要求。在许多使用场合中,除了希望材料能导电以外还希望能具有耐磨减摩作用,如石油运输管道保温材料,电力机车电接触滑片等。碳纳米管是由石墨层卷绕而成的管状材料,石墨本身具有优异的耐磨减摩功能,常作为固体润滑剂,它具有比液体润滑剂更适合于在恶劣环境中,如环境温度变化剧烈的航空航天等领域内使用。由石墨层卷绕成管状的碳纳米管同样可以作为优良的润滑剂使用。而且在摩擦磨损过程中,复合材料表层的碳纳米管将成为碎片均匀分布于材料表面,可使材料表面保持长时间的润滑,不会存在液体润滑剂常见的干燥和失效。除此之外,因为碳纳米管具有独特的物理及化学性能,它还能赋予复合材料许多独特优点。
但目前尚未有将碳纳米管和高分子材料有机结合起来的耐磨导电复合材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种既耐磨又具有导电功能的耐磨导电复合材料及其制备方法。
本发明的耐磨导电复合材料,它的组分及其重量百分比含量如下:
多壁碳纳米管    4~7%,
高密度聚乙烯    96~93%。
上述的多壁碳纳米管利用化学气相沉积法制备,其直径为10nm~25nm。
本发明的耐磨导电复合材料的制备采用熔融共混法,其步骤如下:
按比例称取多壁碳纳米管粉末及高密度聚乙烯颗粒,于150℃~170℃下均匀混合后放入模具中,先在165℃~180℃下预热5~20分钟,随后在5~20MPa及10~30MPa压力下各压制5~20分钟,脱膜,冷却到室温。
上述高密度聚乙烯的分子量为60000~100000。
本发明的耐磨导电复合材料,以高密度聚乙烯为基体,多壁碳纳米管为添加剂,既具有优良的导电性能,又具有优良的耐磨减摩功能,同时该材料采用熔融共混法制备,工艺简单,操作方便,重复性好,本发明的复合材料适合于既需要导电或电加热同时又要求耐磨减摩的场合使用。也可应用于航空航天等极端恶劣条件下的耐磨导电材料。
附图说明
图1是本发明的耐磨导电复合材料与纯聚乙烯材料的摩擦系数随摩擦时间变化的示意图;
图2是本发明的耐磨导电复合材料的扫描电子显微(SEM)照片;
图3是本发明的耐磨导电复合材料的导电率随碳纳米管成分变化的曲线。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
将4克多壁碳纳米管粉末与96克高密度聚乙烯(分子量约为80000)颗粒均匀混合后,放入共混机内在160℃下共混10分钟。取出已混合均匀的材料放入铜制模具内在165℃预热5分钟,然后在5MPa下压制5分钟,再在10MPa下压制10分钟。得到块状耐磨导电复合材料。该复合材料与纯聚乙烯材料的摩擦系数随摩擦时间变化结果见图1,由图可知,随着摩擦时间增加,发明的复合材料摩擦系数逐渐下降,而纯高密度聚乙烯材料摩擦系数随摩擦时间增加而增加。所得材料的扫描电子显微(SEM)照片如图2所示,由图可知采用简单的熔融共混方法可使碳纳米管在高分子基体材料中分布基本均匀。
实施例2:
将6克多壁碳纳米管粉末与94克高密度聚乙烯(分子量约为80000)颗粒均匀混合后,放入共混机内在170℃共混15分钟。取出已混合均匀的材料放入铜制模具内在170℃预热10分钟,然后在5MPa下压制10分钟,再在10MPa下压制20分钟,得到耐磨导电复合材料。
实施例3:
将7克多壁碳纳米管粉末与93克高密度聚乙烯(分子量约为100000)颗粒均匀混合后,放入共混机内在165℃共混10分钟。取出已混合均匀的材料放入铜制模具内在180℃预热5分钟,然后在5MPa下压制10分钟,再在10MPa下压制20分钟,得到耐磨导电复合材料。
试验表明,当碳纳米管重量百分比含量在3%时复合材料由绝缘体变为半导体,当碳纳米管重量百分比含量接近5%时复合材料转变为导体(参見图3所示)。

Claims (3)

1.一种耐磨导电复合材料的制备方法,其步骤如下:
按重量百分比:多壁碳纳米管4~7%,高密度聚乙烯96~93%,称取多壁碳纳米管粉末及高密度聚乙烯颗粒,于150℃~170℃下均匀混合后放入模具中,先在165℃~180℃下预热5~20分钟,随后在5~20MPa及10~30MPa压力下各压制5~20分钟,脱膜,冷却到室温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐磨导电复合材料的制备方法,其特征是所说的高密度聚乙烯的分子量为60000~100000。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐磨导电复合材料的制备方法,其特征是所说的多壁碳纳米管的直径为10nm~25nm。
CNB2006100498277A 2006-03-14 2006-03-14 一种耐磨导电复合材料及其制备方法 Expired - Fee Related CN100400586C (zh)

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