CN100398947C - Multiple temperature grade energy-storage refrigeration method - Google Patents
Multiple temperature grade energy-storage refrigeration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100398947C CN100398947C CNB2006100456715A CN200610045671A CN100398947C CN 100398947 C CN100398947 C CN 100398947C CN B2006100456715 A CNB2006100456715 A CN B2006100456715A CN 200610045671 A CN200610045671 A CN 200610045671A CN 100398947 C CN100398947 C CN 100398947C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a multiple temperature-grade energy-storage refrigeration method and the work flow thereof, which belongs to the technical fields of energy conversion and energy-storage refrigeration. The present invention is characterized in that trough electricity is converted into the refrigeration latent energy of ammonia spirit through a compressor, and the latent energy is stored in an ammonia spirit storage tank. When a user needs cold energy of at least one temperature grade, the stored refrigeration latent energy is converted into the required cold energy by the way of progressive evaporation and absorption. The present invention has the advantages that trough electricity is fully utilized, the function of balancing the electricity of a power network is achieved, the energy conversion efficiency is high, the equipment are simple with flexible operation, the latent energy can be stored for long, the refrigeration temperature is low, and a plurality of refrigeration temperature grades can be offered simultaneously. The present invention is especially suitable for occasions with multiple temperature-grade cold storage or multiple temperature-grade industrial cold service.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to power conversion and energy-storage refrigeration technical field.Relate to the method that a kind of solution chemistry potential variation that is caused by the ammonia spirit change in concentration is finished power conversion, storage and energy stored converted to different temperatures grade cold energy.
Background technology
Existing accumulation of energy (cold-storage/accumulation of heat) technology mainly is the reaction heat of the sensible heat, latent heat effect or the chemical reaction process that utilize the working media state change process to be had, employing is directly changed into mode cold or heat energy and storage with electric energy to be carried out, and comprises sensible heat, latent heat and heat chemistry energy accumulating technique.
Existing accumulation of energy (cold-storage/accumulation of heat) technology is as follows:
1) sensible heat energy accumulating technique: utilize each material all to have certain thermal capacitance, under the constant situation of physical form, along with variation of temperature can absorb or exothermic characteristic.In theory, all substances all can be applied to the sensible heat accumulation of energy.At the initial stage of energy accumulating technique development, the sensible heat accumulation of energy at first is suggested and is applied, and most widely used is exactly the cold/hot water energy accumulating technique.
2) latent heat cold-storage technology: need absorb when utilizing the material phase transformation or exothermic characteristic store or discharge cold (heat) can, comprising: ice energy accumulating technique, the eutectic salts (energy accumulating technique of phase-change material-PCM).Ice storage technology is the cold-storage technology more widely of using at present, and it is to utilize the solid-liquid phase change latent heat of water to carry out the storage and the release of cold.(energy accumulating technique of phase-change material-PCM) is another kind of newer latent heat accumulator technology to eutectic salts, and it is to utilize various energy-accumulation materials (to claim the solid-liquid phase change temperature that phase-change material-PCM) is special again, make this technology not only be applicable to accumulation of heat but also be applicable to cold-storage.
3) heat chemistry cold-storage technology: in certain temperature range, can produce certain thermal chemical reaction during some material neither endothermic nor exothermic.The energy accumulating technique that utilizes this principle to constitute is referred to as the heat chemistry energy accumulating technique.The gas hydrate cold-storage technology of researching and developing at present can put latent heat cold-storage technology under from the state of matter version, but is to belong to the chemical reaction heat that is produced by chemical reaction to come cold-storage from the cold-storage principle.
More than a common feature of all existing energy accumulating techniques be that electric energy is directly changed into cold or heat energy and storing, the accumulation of energy temperature is all low or be higher than environment temperature, stored cold or heat energy temperature is certain, can not change arbitrarily, can not be used for the multiple temperature grade energy-storage refrigeration field.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of multiple temperature grade energy-storage refrigeration method, electric energy can be converted to the ammonia spirit refrigeration potential earlier and, adopt stepped evaporation, absorption refrigeration mode the potential that stores to be converted to the cold energy of required different temperatures grade then with the form storage power of potential.The present invention will solve refrigeration unit concentrate to use the electric load round the clock that is caused unbalanced and reduce the problem of refrigeration unit user power utilization expense.
Technical solution of the present invention is: convert electrical energy into the ammonia spirit refrigeration potential and stored the method that finally converts different temperatures grade cold energy to and changed by electric energy conversion, potential storage and potential again, promptly by filling energy, energy storage, releasing and can three processes constitute; Filling can process be that electric energy with the low power consumption period converts the refrigeration potential of ammonia spirit to and the energy of ammonia spirit in the accumulation of energy solution storage tank is constantly increased; Thermal energy storage process is that dilute ammonia solution with refrigeration potential and the ammoniacal liquor that will fill after finishing are stored in respectively in accumulation of energy solution storage tank and the ammoniacal liquor storage tank.Fill can with the energy storage specific implementation process with identical described in patent application (200410021385.6) claim 1, what the present invention was different with patent application (200410021385.6) claim is to be exoergic process.
Of the present invention release can workflow as follows:
When the user needs the cold energy of a plurality of temperature grades, the ammoniacal liquor that is stored in the ammoniacal liquor storage tank is introduced each evaporimeter respectively by each load control and regulation device, ammoniacal liquor evaporates under different temperature grade and produces cold;
Dilute ammonia solution in the accumulation of energy solution storage tank absorbs the ammonia steam that evaporates in the evaporimeter from the lowest refrigerating temperature grade and discharges heat by the absorber that load control and regulation device elder generation introduces minimum operating pressure;
The method that ammonia spirit adopts the series connection of adherence pressure step by step to absorb, absorption is from the ammonia steam of different cryogenic temperature grade evaporimeters: be stored in dilute ammonia solution in the accumulation of energy solution storage tank and be introduced into the minimum absorber of operating pressure and absorb ammonia steam from the lowest refrigerating temperature evaporimeter, absorb absorber that the low pressure ammonia spirit behind the ammonia steam enters the high grade of operating pressure again by the solution pump pressurization and absorb ammonia steam from a high grade cryogenic temperature evaporimeter; Improve the absorber that solution pressure also enters relevant pressure step by step then step by step, the ammonia steam that evaporates in the evaporimeter of absorption from corresponding cryogenic temperature grade is discharged heat, until reaching the highest cryogenic temperature grade the highest pairing absorption pressure, be stored in energy in the accumulation of energy solution storage tank and be released and convert to cold energy under each temperature grade;
The high concentration ammoniacal liquor concentrated solution of coming out from the pairing maximum pressure absorber of the highest cryogenic temperature grade enters transfer solution storage tank through the solution pump pressurization, ammonia spirit is elevated to the design liquid level in the transfer solution storage tank, release the transfer process end again of energy and energy, be communicated with transfer solution and accumulation of energy solution storage tank, make the concentrated ammonia solution in the transfer solution storage tank enter accumulation of energy solution storage tank.
Effect of the present invention and benefit are: convert the electric energy of low power consumption period to the working solution refrigeration potential, and with the form storage power of potential; When other period of electricity consumption user needs the cold energy of different cryogenic temperature grades, adopt stepped evaporation, absorption refrigeration mode to convert the potential that stores to needed different cryogenic temperature grade cold energy, the electric load bigger to day and night fluctuation plays " peak load shifting " effect, can improve electric power system safety in operation and economy, improve operational efficiency, and can reduce the electricity cost of refrigeration consumer; Because energy stores with the form of refrigeration potential, and adopt stepped evaporation, absorption refrigeration mode to convert potential the cold energy of different cryogenic temperature grades to, cryogenic temperature can change as required in the larger context; Cold-producing medium adopts ammonia, and ODP and GWP value are 0, thoroughly solves cold-producing medium to destruction problem that environment caused; This invention need in industry and the commercial field to be specially adapted to the energy-storage refrigeration system of a plurality of cryogenic temperature grades.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is a kind of two temperature grade energy-storage refrigeration unit working cycles flow charts that adopt full dose accumulation of energy strategy.
Accompanying drawing 2 is a kind of two temperature grade energy-storage refrigeration unit working cycles flow processs that adopt the partial storage system strategy.
Accompanying drawing 3 is a kind of three temperature grade energy-storage refrigeration unit working cycles flow processs that adopt full dose accumulation of energy strategy.
Accompanying drawing 4 is a kind of three temperature grade energy-storage refrigeration unit working cycles flow processs that adopt the partial storage system strategy.
Accompanying drawing 5 is a kind of two temperature grade energy-storage refrigeration unit working cycles flow charts that adopt full dose accumulation of energy strategy.
Dotted line is represented the ammonia steam flow among the figure, solid line express liquid stream, and the arrow direction is a flow direction.
Among the figure, 1 hiigh pressure stage absorber, 2 solution pumps, 3 solution pumps, 4 low-pressure stage absorbers, 5 load control and regulation valves, 6 transfer valves, 7 flowing valves, 8 accumulation of energy solution storage tanks, 9 transfer valves, 10 transfer valves, 11 solution heat exchangers, 12 motors, 13 compressors, 14 spray throwers, 15 desuperheats/rectifier, 16 heat-exchanging tube bundles, 17 generation/condensers, 18 control valves, 19 transfer solution storage tanks, 20 pressure-reducing valves, 21 ammoniacal liquor storage tanks, 22 control valves, 23 ammoniacal liquor subcoolers, 24 low temperature level evaporimeters, 25 load control and regulation valves, 26 control valves, 27 ammoniacal liquor subcoolers, 28 high temperature level evaporimeters, 29 load control and regulation valves, 30 control valves, 31 condensers, 32 solution pumps, 33 absorbers, 34 subcoolers, 35 evaporimeters, 36 load control and regulation valves, 37 control and regulation valves
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with technical scheme and accompanying drawing, be described in detail specific embodiments of the invention.
Accompanying drawing 1 is a kind of ammonia spirit two temperature grade energy-storage refrigeration unit working cycles flow processs that adopt full dose accumulation of energy strategy.The course of work is: the low power consumption period, transfer valve 6,10 open, transfer valve 9 cuts out, ammonia spirit in the accumulation of energy solution storage tank 8 is through solution pump 3 and solution heat exchanger 11 pressurizations, after the heating, spray outside the heat-exchanging tube bundle 16 of generation/condenser 17 by spray thrower 14, ammonia spirit is heated and produces the ammonia steam flow and mix with the ammoniacal liquor that sprays into through desuperheat/rectifier 15, temperature reduces, be introduced into ammonia compressor 13 compressions that drive by motor 12 then, the condensation in heat-exchanging tube bundle 16 of compression back ammonia steam, condensation heat is as the hot ammonia spirit of passing to outside the heat-exchanging tube bundle 16 takes place, the ammoniacal liquor of condensation is through solution heat exchanger 11 coolings, fraction enters desuperheat/rectifier 15 and compressor 13 as cooling fluid by control valve 18, and major part enters ammoniacal liquor storage tank 21; The ammonia spirit that goes out generation/condenser 17 is got back in the accumulation of energy solution storage tank 8 after solution heat exchanger 11 coolings, ammonia quality minimizing in the solution in the accumulation of energy solution storage tank 8, concentration reduces, when solution ammonia concentration is reduced to design load in the accumulation of energy solution storage tank 8, power conversion and accumulation of energy solution storage tank 8 fill and can finish in the stage, compressor is out of service, and energy mainly is stored in accumulation of energy solution storage tank 8 with the form of solution refrigeration potential; When the user needs the cold energy of different temperatures grade, transfer valve 6,10 close, transfer valve 9 leaves, load control and regulation valve 5,25,29 work, according to the refrigeration duty demand of different temperatures grade with the ammoniacal liquor in the ammoniacal liquor storage tank 21 respectively through ammoniacal liquor subcooler 23,27 introduce low temperature level evaporimeter 24 and high temperature level evaporimeter 28, the ammoniacal liquor gasification produces high, the cold energy of low two temperature grades, the cold energy of each temperature grade is respectively by refrigerating medium stream gang 24a, 24b and 28a, 28b takes away or the direct cooling medium that need be cooled, the ammonia steam of low temperature level evaporimeter 24 enters low-pressure stage absorber 4 and is absorbed by the dilute ammonia solution by load control and regulation valve 5, ammonia spirit concentration increases, after boosting, solution pump 2 enters the ammonia steam that hiigh pressure stage absorber 1 absorbs from high temperature level evaporimeter 28, the heat that two absorber work produce is cooled and flows a gang 1a, 1b and 4a, 4 take away, the ammonia spirit that comes out from hiigh pressure stage absorber 1 enters transfer solution storage tank 19 through solution pump 3 pressurizations, when dilute ammonia solution reduces to design load in the accumulation of energy solution storage tank 8, transfer solution storage tank 19 is communicated with accumulation of energy solution storage tank 8, with all or part of the transferring in the accumulation of energy solution storage tank 8 of concentrated ammonia solution in the transfer solution storage tank 19, release the translate phase end again of energy and energy, refrigeration unit is finished " power conversion-storage-conversion again " complete working cycles.
In accumulation of energy solution storage tank being filled the energy process, when condenser heat in generation/condenser 17 heat-exchanging tube bundles 16 less than heat-exchanging tube bundle 16 outside solution when needed heat takes place, not enough heat is directly taken from the low-temperature heat quantity of low temperature level evaporimeter 24 or high temperature level evaporimeter 28.Promptly, according to the refrigeration needs as a supplement by control valve 22 or control valve 26 extension ammonia steam, directly sucked and no longer enter corresponding absorber and absorbed by ammonia spirit by ammonia compressor 13, increase condenser heat in the generation/condenser 17 heat exchange heat pipe bundles 16, the operating pressure of generation/condenser 17 must be equal to or slightly lower than the ammonia steam pressure of being drawn.
Accompanying drawing 2 is a kind of ammonia spirit two temperature grade energy-storage refrigeration unit working cycles flow processs that adopt the partial storage system strategy, has increased control valve 30 and condenser 31 on the required Equipment Foundations of accompanying drawing 1 and embodiment 1 described formation refrigeration unit working cycles.The course of work is: when refrigeration duty was lower than design load, control valve 30 was closed, and condenser 31 is not worked, and the energy-storage refrigeration unit is the pure energy process of filling this moment by the embodiment 1 described energy process operation that fills; When refrigeration duty is higher than design load and from each evaporimeter 24,28 ammonia vapor flow rate is during less than ammonia compressor 13 extraction flows, control valve 30 and condenser 31 work, by evaporimeter 24, the 28 ammonia steams that produce are sucked by ammonia compressor together with the ammonia steam that goes out desuperheat/rectifier 15 and compress, partly compress back ammonia steam according to the refrigeration duty needs and enter condenser 31 by control valve 30, the ammoniacal liquor of condensation is by ammoniacal liquor subcooler 23,27 and load control and regulation valve 25,29 enter evaporimeter 24,28 evaporations, the condensation and accumulation of energy solution storage tank 8 filled energy in generations/condenser 17 of all the other compression back ammonia steams, fill the energy process as described in the embodiment 1, fill energy process for part this moment; When the ammonia vapor flow rate from each evaporimeter 24,28 was equal to or greater than ammonia compressor 13 inspiratory flows, transfer valve 6,10 closed, and transfer valve 9 leaves, according to electrical network whether needs avoid the peak hour and can select ammonia compressor 13 to continue operation or two kinds of schemes out of service; When selecting ammonia compressor 13 to continue operating scheme, the dilute ammonia solution that is stored in the accumulation of energy solution storage tank 8 enters absorber 4,1 step by step by load control and regulation valve 5, absorb the part ammonia steam of flash- pot 24,28 to discharge energy stored, all the other ammonia steams are sucked by ammonia compressor 13 and compress, control valve 30 condensation in condenser 31 that ammonia steam after the compression all passes through, exoergic process wherein is as described in the embodiment 1, and be the part exoergic process this moment; When selecting ammonia compressor 13 schemes out of service, coming the ammonia steam of flash- pot 24,28 all to enter absorber 4,1 is absorbed by load control and regulation valve 5 step by step from the dilute ammonia solutions in the accumulation of energy solution storage tank 8, the energy that is stored in the accumulation of energy solution storage tank 8 is released, exoergic process is as described in the embodiment 1, and be pure exoergic process this moment.Part filling can and the part exoergic process in,, sucked by the high pressure section of ammonia compressor 13 by the suction of the low pressure stage of ammonia compressor 13 from the ammonia steam of low temperature level evaporimeter 24 from the ammonia steam of high temperature level evaporimeter 28.
Accompanying drawing 3 is a kind of ammonia spirit three temperature grade energy-storage refrigeration unit working cycles flow processs that adopt full dose accumulation of energy strategy, be on the basis of accompanying drawing 1 and embodiment 1 described formation two temperature grade energy-storage refrigeration unit working cycles flow processs, to have increased by one group of more evaporation/absorption equipment of low temperature level, comprise solution pump 32, absorber 33, subcooler 34, evaporimeter 35 and load control and regulation valve 36; Three temperature grade energy-storage refrigeration unit work are basic identical with the process described in the embodiment 1, just in exoergic process, be introduced into low-pressure stage absorber 33 from the dilute ammonia solution in the accumulation of energy solution storage tank 8, enter medium pressure grade absorber 4 then, enter hiigh pressure stage absorber 1 at last and absorb ammonia steam respectively from evaporimeter under the relevant work pressure 35,24,28.
Accompanying drawing 4 is a kind of ammonia spirit three temperature grade energy-storage refrigeration unit working cycles flow processs that adopt the partial storage system strategy, be on the basis of accompanying drawing 3 and embodiment 3 described formation two temperature grade energy-storage refrigeration unit working cycles flow processs, to have increased by one group of more evaporation/absorption equipment of low temperature level, comprise solution pump 32, absorber 33, subcooler 34, evaporimeter 35, load control and regulation valve 36 and control and regulation valve 37; Adopt three temperature grade energy-storage refrigeration unit work of partial storage system strategy basic identical with the process described in embodiment 2 and 3; Fill in energy and the part exoergic process in part, ammonia steam from low temperature level evaporimeter 35 is sucked by the low pressure stage of ammonia compressor 13, ammonia steam from middle temperature level evaporimeter 24 is sucked by the intermediate pressure section of ammonia compressor 13, is sucked by the high pressure section of ammonia compressor 13 from the ammonia steam of high temperature level evaporimeter 28.
Claims (1)
1. multiple temperature grade energy-storage refrigeration method is characterized in that: convert electric energy the refrigeration potential of ammonia spirit to earlier and store, adopt the method for stepped evaporation, absorption the refrigeration potential that stores to be converted to the cold energy of different temperatures grade then; The process of cold energy that refrigeration potential converts the different temperatures grade to is as follows:
(1) when the user needs the cold energy of a plurality of temperature grades, the ammoniacal liquor that is stored in the ammoniacal liquor storage tank is introduced each evaporimeter respectively by each load control and regulation device, ammoniacal liquor evaporates under different temperature grade and produces cold;
(2) with the absorber of the dilute ammonia solution in the accumulation of energy solution storage tank, absorb the ammonia steam that evaporates in the evaporimeter from the lowest refrigerating temperature grade and discharge heat by load control and regulation device elder generation introducing minimum operating pressure;
(3) ammonia spirit adopts the method that the series connection of adherence pressure step by step absorbs, and absorbs the ammonia steam from different cryogenic temperature grade evaporimeters; Promptly, the dilute ammonia solution that is stored in the accumulation of energy solution storage tank is introduced into the ammonia steam of the minimum absorber absorption of operating pressure from the lowest refrigerating temperature evaporimeter, and the low pressure ammonia spirit behind the absorption ammonia steam enters the ammonia steam of the absorber absorption of the high grade of operating pressure from a high grade cryogenic temperature evaporimeter again by the solution pump pressurization;
(4) improve the absorber that solution pressure also enters relevant pressure step by step step by step by (3) described mode, the ammonia steam that evaporates in the evaporimeter of absorption from corresponding cryogenic temperature grade is discharged heat, until reaching the highest cryogenic temperature grade the highest pairing absorption pressure, be stored in energy in the accumulation of energy solution storage tank and be released and convert to cold energy under each temperature grade;
(5) the high concentration ammoniacal liquor concentrated solution of coming out from the pairing maximum pressure absorber of the highest cryogenic temperature grade enters transfer solution storage tank through the solution pump pressurization, dilute ammonia solution reduces to design load in accumulation of energy solution storage tank, release the transfer process end again of energy and energy, be communicated with transfer solution and accumulation of energy solution storage tank, make the concentrated ammonia solution in the transfer solution storage tank enter accumulation of energy solution storage tank.
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| CN106909183A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-06-30 | 西安中兴新软件有限责任公司 | A kind of temprature control method and mobile terminal |
| CN114909829B (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2024-01-26 | 香港城市大学深圳研究院 | Double-stage absorption type energy storage device and application method thereof |
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