CN100394857C - Method for processing pu'er tea dried by microwave - Google Patents
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- CN100394857C CN100394857C CNB2005100487422A CN200510048742A CN100394857C CN 100394857 C CN100394857 C CN 100394857C CN B2005100487422 A CNB2005100487422 A CN B2005100487422A CN 200510048742 A CN200510048742 A CN 200510048742A CN 100394857 C CN100394857 C CN 100394857C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a method for drying and processing Pu'er tea by microwaves, which belongs to the technical field of food drying and processing. The processes of heating, preserving heat and drying are carried out on tea leaves by microwaves on the basis that the traditional technical principle for drying Pu'er tea is basically obeyed. In the first stage, the water content of fresh tea leaves is decreased to 50 to 60%, and then the processes of spreading, airing, kneading and sieving or pressing tea leaves into cakes by steaming are carried out on the tea leaves; the tea leaves are heated and dried in the second stage, the water content of the tea leaves is decreased to about 9 to 12% by drying, and then Pu'er raw tea or Pu'er cake tea is obtained. The technology ensures the sufficient diffusion of water in the tea leaves and the homogenization of temperature, and effectively preserves a plurality of active enzymes in the tea leaves. The method is favorable to the fermentation and the alcoholization in later periods of Pu'er tea, and has the advantages of high drying efficiency, small occupation of production fields, clean production process, benefit to the environmental protection of production areas, etc.
Description
Technical field;
The present invention relates to a kind of microwave energy that utilizes Pu'er tea is carried out dry method for processing, belong to the food drying processing technique field.
Technical background: the dry processing process of traditional Pu'er tea is:
Gross tea: the bright leaf (moisture about 75%) of blue or green tea → (80～120 ℃) → airing that completes, knead, sieve → airing (＜55 ℃) → gross tea (moisture about 9～12%);
Cake tea: gross tea → cake of press → drying (＜55 ℃) → cake tea (moisture about 9～12%).
The dry processing technology of traditional Pu'er tea completes and drying stage adopts burning firewood or coal to heat, and coal combustion or firewood can pollute surrounding enviroment, and can make tealeaves suck CO
2, CO, SO
2Deng pernicious gas; The open work of airing stage, production is taken up an area of bigger, and restricted by weather, easily is infected with the breeding of various dustiness and generation harmful bacteria simultaneously.In addition, the mode of heating of its material belongs to external-heat, heat is by the outer inwardly conduction of material, the moisture of material inside is diffusion effusion from inside to outside then, because the heat transmission is opposite with the direction of moisture diffusion, when inferior skin was heated, internal layer moisture can only be overflowed by the lower outermost layer of moisture, makes dried outermost layer that rehydration again take place; Along with the progressively formation of outermost further dehydration of material and crust layer, in follow-up dry run, heat all slows down gradually to outer field diffusion velocity to the transmission and the moisture of internal layer, causes the heating of material core and drying to be affected.In a word, the dry processing technology of traditional Pu'er tea is to carry out under a kind of simple and crude mode of production substantially, and production efficiency is low, and production process very easily causes environmental pollution and causes product quality to reduce, and more is unfavorable for the cleaning type production of high efficiency, centralization.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of the dry processing technology of existing Pu'er tea, provide a kind of microwave energy that utilizes that Pu'er tea is carried out dry method for processing, guaranteeing that Pu'er tea is keeping on the basis of original outward appearance, taste, color and luster, increase substantially dry production efficiency, reduce the destruction of process the home environment resource.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: utilize microwave as thermal source Pu'er tea to be carried out drying processing.Adopt microwave, tealeaves is heated and heat preservation and dryness, on the basis of following traditional Pu'er tea drying process principle substantially, dry run is divided into two stages, and the phase I utilizes microwave that fresh tea leaf in its is heated, and control tea-drying temperature is 80～120 ℃, make that the moisture of fresh tea leaf in its reduces to 50～60%, the tealeaves blade is softening is convenient to knead, chemical composition in the tealeaves is decomposed, and regroup, produce microbial enzymeization; Then tealeaves is carried out airing, kneads, sieves or steams the back cake of press, carry out the second stage drying, utilize microwave on tea to heat once more, control tea-drying temperature is 45～55 ℃, the moisture drying that makes tealeaves obtains Pu'er gross tea or Pu'er cake tea to about 9～12%.The processing of Pu'er cake tea also can be to the gross tea of producing with the traditional handicraft method, cake of press after steaming, and then adopt microwave that cake tea is carried out the second stage heat drying, control cake tea baking temperature is 45～55 ℃, and the moisture drying that makes cake tea obtains Pu'er cake tea to about 9～12%.Utilize microwave on tea to heat and be incubated when reaching dry purpose, can adopt the multiple spot dispersing mode that the heating and the insulation of tealeaves are controlled.Utilize microwave on tea to heat and be incubated when reaching dry purpose, can adopt the multiple spot dispersing mode that the heating and the insulation of tealeaves are controlled.The mode of described multiple spot dispersed-heated and insulation can be realized by a plurality of microwaves working cell, and a microwave rf generator is set in each working cell, and the quantity of working cell can be according to the working (machining) efficiency decision of kind, quantity and the needs of institute's tea-processing.Can also can control heating and insulation intensity by the launch time of control microwave or heating and the insulation intensity that power is controlled tealeaves by adjusting the beat that the tealeaves conveyer belt passes each working cell to tealeaves.Used microwave frequency can be 2450Hz, and the phase I, the microwave power of each working cell is controlled in 0.4～1.1kW scope; Second stage, the microwave power of each working cell is controlled in 0.1～0.8kW scope.
The present invention adopts microwave, tealeaves is heated and heat preservation and dryness, on the basis of following traditional Pu'er tea drying process principle substantially, dry run is divided into two stages, phase I utilizes microwave that fresh tea leaf in its is heated, and control tea-drying temperature is 80～120 ℃, makes the moisture (about 75%) of fresh tea leaf in its reduce to 50～60%, the tealeaves blade is softening is convenient to knead, and makes the chemical composition in the tealeaves decompose, regroup and microbial enzymeization simultaneously; Then to tealeaves carry out airing, knead, sieve or steam the back cake of press after (the corresponding technology of traditional Pu'er tea), carry out the second stage drying, utilize microwave on tea to heat once more, control tea-drying temperature is 45～55 ℃ (not being higher than 55 ℃), the moisture drying that makes tealeaves obtains Pu'er gross tea or Pu'er cake tea to about 9～12%.When second stage is dry, be higher than 55 ℃ as temperature, can influence follow-up fermentation of Pu'er tea and alcoholization, temperature is crossed to hang down and then can be made drying efficiency low excessively, therefore is typically chosen in 45～55 ℃.
The processing of Pu'er cake tea, also available traditional handicraft method is produced gross tea, after steaming cake of press, adopts method for microwave drying (microwave dryer of packing into) to carry out the second stage drying to cake tea again.Utilize microwave on tea to heat, control tea-drying temperature is 45～55 ℃ (not being higher than 55 ℃), and the moisture drying that makes tealeaves obtains Pu'er cake tea to about 9～12%.
In above-mentioned heating and heat preservation and dryness process, can adopt the mode of multiple spot decentralised control heating and insulation to tealeaves, to guarantee follow-up fermentation and the alcoholization of Pu'er tea, can realize by a plurality of microwaves working cell, in each working cell, establish a microwave rf generator, the combination of a plurality of working cells promptly forms the microwave drying machining production line, establishes the charging and discharging device respectively at the two ends of production line.The quantity of working cell can generally can be 8～20 according to the working (machining) efficiency decision of the local tea variety of being processed, quantity and needs.The Pu'er tea fermentation is the slow process of a microorganism and enzyme and non-enzymatic oxidation, and fermentation is the core that forms Pu'er tea quality characteristic; The multiple spot decentralised control is heated and insulation, can preserve the activity of microbial enzymeization in the phase I, is beneficial to the after fermentation and the alcoholization processing of tealeaves, the pure quality and the peculiar taste of assurance Pu'er tea, and can suitably improve alcoholization efficient.In whole heating and the heat preservation and dryness process, can be by the launch time or transmitting power (magnetron power) the size control heating intensity of control microwave, used microwave frequency can be 2450Hz, and the phase I, the microwave power of each working cell is controlled in 0.4～1.1kW scope; Second stage, the microwave power of each working cell is controlled in 0.1～0.8kW scope.The power in heating using microwave source be can set each working cell respectively, needed heating, heat insulation effect realized; Also can set launch time by microwave to each working cell, and control conveyer belt beat can realize Pu'er tea drying (with the time of arbitrfary point on the conveyer belt by a working cell be a beat, generally select 1～4min/ beat).In actual production, the drying in first and second stages can also adopt a cover microwave dryer periodic duty, also can adopt two cover microwave dryers to work respectively.
The present invention adopts microwave segmentation heating, insulation, utilizes microwave energy to evoke the vibration of the inner polar molecule of material (as hydrone), causes intermolecular violent interior friction, thereby makes object heating, moisture evaporation.Since the heating of internal water molecule exciting, the diffusion of the migration of moisture, the temperature rise of object and heat, so that the formation in low moisture district all is from inside to outside.Can not form migration and the conduction of influence heat that the low moisture shell hinders moisture in appearance.During with the microwave drying article, the center of article at first is heated, and moisture is progressively moved by interior course time internal layer and skin, so just makes outer field moisture always be higher than internal layer.Therefore with the carrying out of dry run, moisture is faster when outer field migration velocity is drier than external-heat by internal layer, and particularly the advantage in the follow-up phase of dry materials is bigger.Therefore, the abundant diffusion of moisture and the homogenising of temperature in the tealeaves have been guaranteed, and the too high phenomenon of material external temperature that has easily produced when having avoided external-heat to heat continuously, and can preserve various active enzyme in the tealeaves effectively, help the later stage fermentation and the alcoholization of Pu'er tea.In addition; adopt method for microwave drying that Pu'er tea is carried out drying processing; also have advantages such as firing rate is fast, material heats up rapidly, drying efficiency is high, moisture effusion path is reasonable; and help cleaning type production efficient, that concentrate; various dustiness and harmful bacteria can be avoided being infected with fully in the production process, the quality of the ecological environment and the raising Pu'er tea of grown place can be protected.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 carries out dry method for processing process flow diagram for the present invention utilizes microwave to Pu'er tea.
The specific embodiment:
The invention will be further described below by specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1: the processing of Pu'er tea gross tea, adopt the microwave dryer (microwave frequency is 2450Hz) of 12 working cells, and earlier the bright leaf of blue or green tea is sent into productivity ratio 60kg/h by the feed end of microwave dryer.The microwave power that phase I is controlled each unit is: preceding 2 working cell 1kW, middle 4 working cell 0.6kW, 6 the working cell 0.4kW in back, blue or green tea heated 2 minutes in each working cell, be incubated 1 minute, work tempo is 3 minutes (arbitrfary point is by the time of a working cell on the conveyer belt), and blue or green tea is heated to 100 ℃, make tealeaves moisture drop at 60% o'clock, by the discharge end discharging.Subsequently according to traditional Pu'er tea technology, tealeaves is carried out airing, kneads and sieves, carry out Pu'er tea second stage drying again, the microwave power of controlling each unit is: preceding 2 working cell 0.6kW, middle 4 working cell 0.3kW, 6 0.2kW in back, tealeaves heated 2 minutes in each working cell, was incubated 1 minute, and work tempo is 3 minutes, microwave is heated to 50 ℃ with blue or green tea, makes the moisture of tealeaves finally be dried to about 9%.After above-mentioned dry run, water content reduces to 9%, obtains Pu'er gross tea, and guarantees slowly carrying out of follow-up fermentation and alcoholization.
Embodiment 2: single cake quality is the 368.8g/ cake before the cake tea drying of Pu'er, water content 〉=35%.Adopt the second stage drying mode, use 12 working cells, cake tea is sent into microwave heating equipment by feeding end with the charging rate of each beat 6 cake; Cake tea heated 2 minutes in each working cell, be incubated 2 minutes, work tempo is 4 minutes, control preceding 2, middle 4, the microwave power of back 6 working cells and be respectively 0.6kW, 0.2kW, 0.16kW, frequency is 2450Hz, and cake tea is heated to 55 ℃, and to keep this temperature to the moisture drying of tea cake be 12%, obtain Pu'er cake tea, and reach the requirement that follow-up storage, fermentation and alcoholization are slowly carried out.
Embodiment 3: the processing of Pu'er tea gross tea, adopt the microwave dryer (microwave frequency is 2450Hz) of 8 working cells, and earlier the bright leaf of blue or green tea is sent into productivity ratio 40kg/h by the feed end of microwave dryer.The microwave power that phase I is controlled each unit is: preceding 2 working cells are in the 0.8kW scope, middle 4 working cells are in the 0.4kW scope, 2 working cells, back are in the 0.6kW scope, blue or green tea heated 1.5 minutes in each working cell, be incubated 1 minute, work tempo is 2.5 minutes, and blue or green tea is heated to 80 ℃, make tealeaves moisture drop at 60% o'clock, by the discharge end discharging.Subsequently according to traditional Pu'er tea technology, tealeaves is carried out airing, kneads and sieves, carry out Pu'er tea second stage drying again, the microwave power of controlling each unit is: preceding 2 working cell 0.8kW, middle 4 working cell 0.1kW, 2 0.1kW in back, tealeaves heated 1.5 minutes in each working cell, was incubated 1.5 minutes, and work tempo is 3 minutes, blue or green tea is heated to 48 ℃, makes the moisture of tealeaves finally be dried to about 10%.After above-mentioned dry run, water content reduces to 10%, obtains Pu'er gross tea, and guarantees slowly carrying out of follow-up fermentation and alcoholization.
Embodiment 4: the processing of Pu'er tea gross tea, adopt the microwave dryer (microwave frequency is 2450Hz) of 10 working cells, and earlier the bright leaf of blue or green tea is sent into productivity ratio 50kg/h by the feed end of microwave dryer.The microwave power that phase I is controlled each unit is: preceding 2 working cells are in the 1.1kW scope, middle 4 working cells are in the 0.6kW scope, 4 working cells, back are in the 0.8kW scope, blue or green tea heated 2 minutes in each working cell, be incubated 1.5 minutes, worker's beat is 3.5 minutes, and blue or green tea is heated to 120 ℃, make tealeaves moisture drop at 50% o'clock, by the discharge end discharging.Subsequently according to traditional Pu'er tea technology, tealeaves is carried out airing, kneads and sieves, carry out Pu'er tea second stage drying again, the microwave power of controlling each unit is: preceding 2 working cells are at 0.8kW, and middle 4 working cells are at 0.2kW, the back 4 at 0.3kW, tealeaves heated 1 minute in each working cell, was incubated 1 minute, and work tempo is 2 minutes, blue or green tea is heated to 45 ℃, makes the moisture of tealeaves finally be dried to about 11%.After above-mentioned dry run, water content reduces to 11%, obtains Pu'er gross tea, and guarantees slowly carrying out of follow-up fermentation and alcoholization.
Embodiment 5: adopt traditional Pu'er tea process to produce gross tea, cake of press after steaming, single cake quality is the 368.8g/ cake, water content 〉=35%, and then adopt microwave that cake tea is carried out the second stage heat drying, use 20 working cells, carry out multiple spot decentralised control heating and insulation, charging rate with each beat 7 cake is sent into microwave heating equipment with cake tea by feeding end, cake tea heated 2 minutes in each working cell, was incubated 1.5 minutes, and work tempo is 3.5 minutes, control preceding 4, middle 8, the microwave power of 8 working cells, back is respectively 0.6kW, 0.3kW, 0.3kW, frequency is 2450Hz, and cake tea is heated to 50 ℃, and to keep this temperature to the moisture drying of tea cake be 10%, obtain Pu'er cake tea, and reach follow-up storage, the requirement that fermentation and alcoholization are slowly carried out.
Claims (3)
1. one kind is utilized microwave that Pu'er tea is carried out dry method for processing, on the basis of following traditional Pu'er tea drying process principle substantially, utilize microwave as thermal source, Pu'er tea is carried out drying processing, used microwave frequency is 2450Hz, it is characterized in that tealeaves is heated and heat preservation and dryness, dry run is divided into two stages, phase I utilizes microwave that fresh tea leaf in its is heated, and control tea-drying temperature is 80～120 ℃, makes the moisture of fresh tea leaf in its reduce to 50～60%, the tealeaves blade is softening to be convenient to knead, and the chemical composition in the tealeaves is decomposed, and regroup, produce microbial enzymeization; Then tealeaves is carried out airing, kneads, sieves or steams the back cake of press, carry out the second stage drying, utilize microwave on tea to heat once more, control tea-drying temperature is 45～55 ℃, makes moisture drying to 9～12% of tealeaves, obtains Pu'er gross tea or Pu'er cake tea, phase I, the microwave power of each working cell is controlled in 0.4～1.1kW scope, second stage, and the microwave power of each working cell is controlled in 0.1～0.8kW scope.
2. the microwave that utilizes according to claim 1 carries out dry method for processing to Pu'er tea, it is characterized in that utilizing microwave on tea to heat and be incubated when reaching dry purpose, adopt the multiple spot dispersing mode that the heating and the insulation of tealeaves are controlled, the mode of multiple spot dispersed-heated and insulation is realized by a plurality of microwaves working cell, a microwave rf generator is set in each working cell, and the quantity of working cell is according to the working (machining) efficiency decision of kind, quantity and the needs of institute's tea-processing.
3. the microwave that utilizes according to claim 1 and 2 carries out dry method for processing to Pu'er tea, it is characterized in that by the launch time of control microwave or heating and the insulation intensity that power is controlled tealeaves, perhaps by adjusting the beat that the tealeaves conveyer belt passes each working cell, control is to the heating and the insulation intensity of tealeaves.
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| CN101142949B (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2010-05-19 | 冉文学 | Automatic production technology for pu'er ripe tea |
| CN101642171B (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2012-05-23 | 四川林湖茶业有限公司 | Method for processing Sichuan black tea |
| CN102225092A (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2011-10-26 | 田振坤 | Method for drying Chinese magnolivine fruits by use of microwave energy |
| CN103005019A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-04-03 | 湖北长阳廪君茶叶专业合作社 | Method for microwave processing of tea leaves |
| CN103006438A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-04-03 | 桂林普兰德生物科技有限公司 | Quick baking method of peach blossoms |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1413481A (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2003-04-30 | 吴巍 | Method for processing tea leaves |
| CN2612915Y (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2004-04-21 | 宜兴市鼎新微波设备有限公司 | Improved apparatus for tea de-enzyming and drying by microwave |
| CN1593172A (en) * | 2004-06-28 | 2005-03-16 | 王金喜 | Processing method of high-cleanness flat green tea |
| CN1709092A (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2005-12-21 | 南京农业大学 | Green tea microwave processing and fresh-retaining method |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1413481A (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2003-04-30 | 吴巍 | Method for processing tea leaves |
| CN2612915Y (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2004-04-21 | 宜兴市鼎新微波设备有限公司 | Improved apparatus for tea de-enzyming and drying by microwave |
| CN1593172A (en) * | 2004-06-28 | 2005-03-16 | 王金喜 | Processing method of high-cleanness flat green tea |
| CN1709092A (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2005-12-21 | 南京农业大学 | Green tea microwave processing and fresh-retaining method |
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