CN100392426C - Single channel phase control array receiving signal reconstruction and space signal treatment method - Google Patents
Single channel phase control array receiving signal reconstruction and space signal treatment method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for the reconstruction of single-channel phase array received signals and space signal processing. An aerial array is set to be in a uniform linear form; under the precondition that the sampling law is satisfied, the time sequence of a synchronizing controller and the sampling frequency of a single-channel receiver are determined; then, through synchronous sequence control technique, a weighted vector W is respectively assigned to each aerial unit of the phased array, and received signals are compounded to obtain resultant signals Y; the resultant signals are sent to the single-channel receiver and are synchronously sampled; through the weighted vectors W and the resultant signals Y, by X=W<-1>. Y, sequence signals X received by the aerial units of the phase array are reconstructed out; the reconstructed sequence signals are processed in digital wave beam formation or self-adaptive wave beam formation, or the arrival angle of the signals is worked out by a space high resolution algorithm. The present invention has a large signal analysis information quantity and fully utilizes the signals received by the aerials; compared with a multi-channel receiver, the calibration pressure of reception channels can be avoided, which greatly reduces the development cost and the maintenance expense of radar.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of single channel phase control array receiving signal reconstruction and disposal route.
Background technology
Phased-array radar is a kind of advanced person's a electronic system, because its remarkable performance has obtained using widely in fields such as radar, communication, sonar, remote sensing remote measurement, radio astronomy, seismic prospecting and biomedical engineerings.In order to adapt to the needs of national defence and economic construction development, the radar of different purposes is just gradating and is adopting phased-array technique.Multifunction array radar has become the main flow of current radar development.
Because the information resources of phased-array radar azimuth discrimination are at antenna aperture, therefore, design philosophy by traditional phased array antenna, the Space Angle resolution of phased-array radar will be subjected to the restriction of Rayleigh criterion, obtain the very high narrow beam of resolution, the multiunit large-scale phased array antenna of hyperchannel (as shown in Figure 1) certainly will will be used, but increase along with bay and receiver channel quantity, not only manufacturing cost and maintenance cost increase sharply, and the calibration of whole receiving cable is also very complicated and difficult, particularly at aircraft, guided missile, warship, satellite, on the radar carriers such as island, owing to be subjected to the restriction of space environment and electromagnetic compatibility, use the large-scale antenna battle array to realize that high-resolution is difficult especially.
Differentiate the restriction that breaks through the Rayleigh criterion in order to make the radar Space Angle, with Shmidt[Ralph O.Schmidt, " Multiple Emitter Location and Signal Parameter Estimation; " IEEE Transactions on Antenna andPropagation, 1986,34 (3): 276-280.] for many scholars of representative high-resolution array direction finding technology based on the Subspace Decomposition theory has been proposed.This class algorithm can not only provide the asymptotic nothing of signal parameter to estimate partially, make and estimate that mean square deviation is near Cramer-Rao lower bound [Petre Stoica and Arye Neborai, " MUSIC; Maximum Likelihood, andCramer-Rao Bound, " IEEE Transactions on Acoustics Speech, and Signal Processing, 1989,37 (5): 720-741], but also have and a plurality of signal sources are carried out simultaneously advantages such as high precision, high-resolution direction finding.This category feature structure algorithm all is based on the decomposition of covariance matrix.The method that obtains the array covariance matrix is: the corresponding receiver channel of array element after obtaining the signal of responding on each array element, just can obtain the covariance matrix of array.But along with the increase of array number, receiver also will increase thereupon, and the result causes that cost is very expensive.Again because above-mentioned feature structure algorithm is all very responsive to the signal model error, many hypothetic algorithms in actual applications therefore and [the See C M S.Method for ArrayCalibration in High-resolution Sensor Array Processing.IEE Proc.-F that lost efficacy, 1995,13 (3): 90-96], and under the situation that hyperchannel receives, guarantee the passage unanimity of all receivers and not introduce the additional width of cloth is extremely difficult mutually.
In order to reduce the difficulty of receiving cable calibration, as present many phased-array radars, can adopt the single-channel receiver received signal, but this radar can only obtain the composite signal of all array elements of antenna, can't obtain and utilize the width of cloth phase information of each array element, function is very limited.Given this, [single-channel receiver implementation space spectrum is estimated direction finding to the scheme that the someone proposes to utilize single-channel receiver to carry out the Estimation of Spatial Spectrum direction finding for Zhao Yimin, Ju Dehang, communication journal, 1997,18 (2): 7-1; Ye Zhongfu, Wu Tao, based on the track algorithm of phased array single-channel receiver high resolution DOA estimation, electronics science academic periodical, 2000,22 (2): 260-264; Ye Zhongfu, Wu Tao, realize a kind of method of direction super-resolution with single-channel receiver, signal Processing, 2001,17 (2): 192-194], although this method can obtain the covariance matrix of antenna array by single channel utilization power perturbation algorithm, thereby the implementation space super-resolution, but still do not obtain the width of cloth that antenna receives original signal and distribute mutually, thereby can not provide how recycling information for radar system.(extract sea stormy waves information etc.) when special circumstances need antenna to form wave beam, can't carry out further but that the Low Sidelobe digital beam forms, antenna self-adaptive is anti-interference, wave beam orientation and alteration of form etc. as utilizing the high frequency surface wave over-the-horizon radar.Can not realize the miniaturization of radar antenna, ruin the strong requirement of power to satisfy stealthyization of modern radar, intellectuality, high maneuverability, real time calibration and to resist.All these has greatly limited its promotion and application.
Summary of the invention
Limitation at existing hyperchannel phased-array radar and single channel radar, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of single channel phase control array receiving signal reconstruction and disposal route, utilize single channel reception technique replace complex ground hyperchannel reception technique, wave beam forms to make the single channel phase control array radar can not only carry out flexibly, can also carry out the space super-resolution.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of single channel phase control array receiving signal reconstruction and disposal route, aerial array is set to even form of straight lines; Under the prerequisite that satisfies the sampling law, determine the sample frequency of isochronous controller sequential and single-channel receiver, utilize the synchronous sequence control technology to give weighing vector W for respectively each antenna element of phased array then, and the signal that receives synthesized obtain composite signal Y; Composite signal is sent into single-channel receiver and carried out synchronized sampling; In conjunction with weighing vector W and composite signal Y, utilize X=W
-1Y reconstructs the clock signal X that phased array antenna unit receives; The clock signal of reconstruct is carried out digital beam formation or adaptive beam formation, or utilize the space high resolution algorithm to obtain the angle of arrival of signal.
Density and direction that the present invention can select the antenna array wave beam make the related coefficient of adjacent two wave beam composite signals less than 0.2; According to the density and the direction of selected antenna array wave beam, the weighing vector of determining unit antenna.
Advantage of the present invention is the Practical Performance that it is outstanding: (1) has reached the purpose that makes full use of antenna array reception information by the clock signal of reconstruct antenna array element; (2) utilize the software special advantages, the information of the element antenna of utilization reconstruct not only can be carried out space super-resolution direction finding, and the change and the antenna self-adaptive that can also carry out digital beam formation, beam shape are anti-interference; (3) because the present invention has adopted the single-channel receiver reception, can obtain the clock signal of antenna element simultaneously again, signal analysis contains much information, and the antenna receiving signal utilization is abundant; Compare with many people having a common goal receiver, can avoid the pressure of the calibration of receiving cable, significantly reduced the development cost and the maintenance cost of radar.
The present invention utilizes single channel reception technique replace complex ground hyperchannel reception technique, and wave beam forms to make the single channel phase control array radar can not only carry out flexibly, can also carry out the space super-resolution; Broken the old formula of general phased-array radar design, for phased-array radar reduces cost, is simple and easy to build and provides new way to apply the present invention to engineering reality, not only research and development are relative with equipment maintenance cost cheap, saved the calibration of receiving cable, relaxed requirement to radar system error, under the flexible cooperation of software, also has the function that present traditional Large Phased Array Radar does not have.The present invention is to using phased array in antenna position and electromagnetic compatibility occasions with limited, to national defense construction and economic construction such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, air defence, coast defence, and makes the phased-array radar miniaturization and reduces cost, and has important theory value and engineering significance.A large amount of theoretical analysis and computer simulation experiment show that the present invention can utilize the single channel reception technique, realize the high-resolution location of phased-array radar, have satisfied the reconstruct and the space super resolution technology of the single channel phase control array antenna receiving signal of the present invention's proposition.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a single channel phase control array antenna receiving signal reconstruct block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is amplitude before and after the signal reconstruction of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is phase place before and after the signal reconstruction of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the directional diagram of beam scanning scope of the present invention during from 15 °-165 °;
Fig. 5 is the directional diagram of beam scanning scope of the present invention during from 30 °-150 °;
Fig. 6 is the directional diagram of beam scanning scope of the present invention during from 45 °-135 °;
Fig. 7 is respectively the MUSIC spectrogram that obtains behind 30 °-150 ° (solid lines) and 15 ° of-165 ° of (dotted line) signal reconstructions for beam scanning scope of the present invention;
The MUSIC spectrogram that obtains behind the signal reconstruction when Fig. 8 is respectively 30 °-150 ° (solid lines) and 45 °-135 ° (dotted line) for beam scanning scope of the present invention;
The MUSIC spectrogram (solid line) that Fig. 9 obtains after according to signal reconstruction for the present invention and the MUSIC spectrogram (dotted line) of original signal;
Figure 10 carries out result's (solid line) that wave beam forms after according to signal reconstruction and carries out result's (dotted line) that wave beam forms according to raw data for the present invention;
Figure 11 carries out the MUSIC spectrogram (direction of signal is 60 °, 80 °) that the super-resolution algorithm obtains for the data of the present invention after by inverting;
Figure 12 carries out the MUSIC spectrogram (direction of signal is 60 °, 70 °) that the super-resolution algorithm obtains for the data of the present invention after by inverting.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is done more detailed explanation.
The present invention adopts a kind of reconstruct and space super resolution technology of single channel phase control array antenna receiving signal, and aerial array is set to even form of straight lines; Utilize the synchronous sequence control technology to give the suitable weighing vector of phased array antenna unit and to carry out signal synthetic; Composite signal is sent into single-channel receiver and carried out synchronized sampling; In conjunction with antenna sequential weighing vector and composite signal, reconstruct the clock signal that phased array antenna unit receives; The signal of reconstruct is carried out wave beam formation, or utilize the space high resolution algorithm to obtain the angle of arrival of signal.
(1) structure of single channel receiving system and day wire spoke reconstruct mutually
Be provided with an one dimension N unit phased array, connect a phase shifter (weighter) after each array element, its influence to system is equivalent to add weight vector.The overall response of array has y (t) can be write as following form:
W (t)=[w wherein
1(t), w
2(t) ... w
N(t)] expression array restore one's right vector, x (t)=[x
1(t), x
2(t) ..., x
N(t)]
TBe array output vector, []
TThe expression transposition.Because be to adopt single channel to receive, therefore each sampling can only obtain the result after all array element weighted sums, and directly utilizes this result can't carry out array super-resolution algorithm.In order to recover original clock signal x (t) to reach the purpose of implementation space super-resolution from y (t), we adopt multi-time weighted sampling, and the method that makes up system of equations is come reconstruct.If radar target is the target of the non-jitter of unchanged direction, and the signal environment of radar is stably, the angle of the normal direction of the arrival direction of target echo signal and antenna array is θ under the situation of far field, and whole phased array is made the phase place weights N time, and wherein the l time phase place weights is
L=1,2 ..., N, θ
lControl the l time and adding the peaked sensing of wave beam that array forms temporary, and directly influencing the size of beam scanning scope and the angular resolution of follow-up super-resolution algorithm.Under N phase place weight state, phased array antenna is output as:
It is as follows to be rewritten as vector form:
Y＝W·X (3)
Wherein:
Obtain the signal that the antenna array unit antenna receives according to (3) Inversion Calculation:
X＝W
-1·Y (4)
(4) formula shows, through N phase place weight, we can utilize the signal Y and the known phase place weight matrix W approximate treatment that receive to go out the signal that each antenna array unit receives.If N phase place weight is a circulation, just can calculate a snap of each unit received signal of aerial array during then each loop ends.In fact phased array is being carried out in the process of N sequential weighting, antenna array unit received signal X is also constantly changing, and therefore the inversion result that obtains according to (4) formula here is approximate value but not exact value.According to the circulation weighing vector and the sample frequency of sampling law selective receiver, can so that to approximation can more approach the signal that original antenna array unit receives.
The basic building block diagram of single channel phase control array receiving system as shown in Figure 1.
(2) single channel phase control array performance evaluation
2.1 the reconstruct of antenna array unit antenna receiving signal
If 8 yuan of uniform straight line arrays, antenna distance is half of radar operation wavelength, with white Gaussian noise, SNR=30, sample frequency satisfies the sampling law, snap n=1024 * 8 of counting, the beam scanning scope is from 30 ° to 150 °, 2 noncoherent signals incide array, and incident angle is respectively 30 °, 50 °.
Numerical simulation results is seen Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.As can be seen from the figure, the antenna clock signal that obtains by reconstruct is quite consistent with the signal that actual antennas receives.
2.2 the selection of phase place weight matrix is to the influence of reconstruction signal
The form of phase place weight matrix W expression formula is main relevant with two factors, and one is the shape of aerial array, and another then is θ
lSweep limit, here with regard to θ
lSelection the influence of inversion result is analyzed.
In aerial array shape one regularly, in order to obtain the angular resolution of inversion result and space super-resolution algorithm preferably, can suitably adjust θ
lChange the scope of beam scanning.Be example with 8 yuan of uniform straight line arrays in 2.1 still, in a cycle period, carried out 8 weightings altogether, the maximal value of the beam pattern that the l time weighting forms appears at θ
lOn the direction, θ
1～θ
8Be in the sweep limit of appointment and be spacedly distributed, the scope of scanning is big more, and wave beam is sparse more, otherwise the scope of scanning is more little, and wave beam is intensive more.The beam scanning scope of Fig. 4,5,6 correspondences is respectively 15 °-165 °, and 30 °-150 °, the weighting array response directional diagram of correspondence in the time of 45 °-135 °.Fig. 7,8,9 are that the aerial signal according to reconstruct carries out the MUSIC spectrogram that the super-resolution algorithm obtains under the different scanning range of condition.
2.3 form and relatively based on the angle of arrival estimation effect of space super-resolution (MUSIC) algorithm based on wave beam
Method based on the Estimation of Spatial Spectrum signal angle of arrival mainly contains two classes: the method that forms based on wave beam and based on the ultra-resolution method of subspace.Be example still with the antenna array in 2.1, what Figure 10 provided is that direction of signal is respectively 60 °, adopt the wave beam forming method to judge the space spectrogram of the angle of arrival according to raw data in the time of 80 °, Figure 11,12 are the spectrograms of judging the angle of arrival according to inverting The data super-resolution algorithm (MUSIC).From then on simulation result is not difficult to find out, the single channel phase control array system that the present invention proposes, and accurately the signal of reconstruct antenna element carries out wave beam and forms, and can also carry out the space super-resolution.
2.4A/D the influence of transfer pair reconstruction signal
The signal of receiver output becomes digital signal after through the A/D conversion to be sent into computing machine and carries out digital signal processing, and quantizing noise is introduced in A/D conversion meeting, and the quantification signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) introduced of the A/D conversion of isotopic number is not as shown in the table:
| A/D conversion figure place | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 |
| Quantize signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) (dB) | 36 | 48 | 60 | 72 | 84 |
The quantizing noise that the A/D conversion causes is the additive noise of superposition in receiver output, and general quantizing noise is much smaller than the internal noise of receiver, quantizing signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) should be suitable with the dynamic range of receiver, when the dynamic range of receiver was 70dB, it is suitable that the figure place of A/D conversion is got 12 bit comparisons.
Claims (2)
1. single channel phase control array receiving signal reconstruction and disposal route, it is characterized in that: aerial array is set to even form of straight lines; Under the prerequisite that satisfies the sampling law, determine the sample frequency of isochronous controller sequential and single-channel receiver, utilize the synchronous sequence control technology to give weighing vector W for respectively each antenna element of phased array then, and the signal that receives synthesized obtain composite signal Y; Composite signal is sent into single-channel receiver and carried out synchronized sampling; In conjunction with weighing vector W and composite signal Y, utilize X=W
-1Y reconstructs the clock signal X that phased array antenna unit receives; The clock signal of reconstruct is carried out digital beam formation or adaptive beam formation, or utilize the space high resolution algorithm to obtain the angle of arrival of signal.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the density and the direction of selected antenna array wave beam make the related coefficient of adjacent two wave beam composite signals less than 0.2; According to the density and the direction of selected antenna array wave beam, the weighing vector W of determining unit antenna.
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| CN111537947A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-08-14 | 上海交通大学 | Single radio frequency channel space spectrum estimation direction-finding system and method |
| CN112540355A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-03-23 | 深圳宇磐科技有限公司 | Phase reconstruction radar antenna array element correction method, storage medium and system |
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| CN113341370B (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2023-10-27 | 国家无线电监测中心 | Optimized beam scanning method in single-channel spatial spectrum direction finding system |
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