CN100390389C - 密封装置 - Google Patents

密封装置 Download PDF

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CN100390389C
CN100390389C CNB2004100855913A CN200410085591A CN100390389C CN 100390389 C CN100390389 C CN 100390389C CN B2004100855913 A CNB2004100855913 A CN B2004100855913A CN 200410085591 A CN200410085591 A CN 200410085591A CN 100390389 C CN100390389 C CN 100390389C
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CN1616806A (zh
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彼得·G·阿莫斯
戈登·麦科尔文
D·格雷戈里·莫尔
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Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/002Wall structures
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/005Sealing means between non relatively rotating elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16JPISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00Sealings
    • F16J15/02Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
    • F16J15/06Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
    • F16J15/08Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with exclusively metal packing
    • F16J15/0887Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with exclusively metal packing the sealing effect being obtained by elastic deformation of the packing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23MCASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
    • F23M2900/05004Special materials for walls or lining
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23MCASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
    • F23M2900/05005Sealing means between wall tiles or panels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00012Details of sealing devices

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种密封装置(5),包括一个层状结构。它由一个第一基材层(9,12)、一个位于所述基材层之上并由绝热材料制成的第二层(10)以及一个位于所述第二绝热层(10)之上并由基材或者防氧化材料制成的第三层(11,12)组成。本发明的所述密封装置(5)可以被设置在燃烧器衬里片段(2)之间。

Description

密封装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种密封装置,包括一个层状结构。
背景技术
现代大型工业燃气轮机具有一个带防护的燃烧器,比如美国专利US6450762B1。由于永远对效率和燃烧器的稳定性都有更高的要求,其结构需要安装初级和二级空气系统密封装置。由于被作用在公知燃烧器系统上的功所驱动,密封装置被暴露到更高的温度中,在热气侧将延续到一个达到1500℃的温度。就是这种热暴露,促使需要设定一个密封装置,它能够存在于这些温度下,却能保持弹性并响应于系统的运动。高应力金属在高温下要经受严重的应力松弛,致使它们在这样的条件下作为弹性密封件变得无效。即使所谓的超耐热镍基合金比如Inconel718和其它材料,要是没有经受严重的应力松弛和/或塑性变形,在应力条件下,它们都显示出具有很小的能力来承受被暴露到超过700℃的高温。
传统的解决方法是使用被冷却了的密封装置,这需要大量的冷却空气流。冷却的使用降低了燃气涡轮的效率并能够削弱框架的稳定性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种先进的密封装置,通过使该弹簧元件保持在或者接近于冷却器二级空气流的温度,其作为弹簧能够保持韧性和弹性。于是,该密封装置的部件必须被限定成用来保护该弹簧元件,以不允许热辐射或者热传导加热该弹簧侧支架。
根据本发明,保护一种密封装置,该密封装置包括一个层状结构,该结构由以下几层组成:
第一层,由一种基材制成,
第二层,位于所述第一层之上并由绝热材料制成,以及
第三层,位于所述绝热材料层之上并由一种基材或者防氧化材料制成。其中所述层状结构被设置在一块连接器板内,该连接器板具有一个作为第一层的内连接器带和一个作为第三层的外连接器带,以及所述连接器板的内连接器带或第一基材层被直接焊接到所述外连接器带或第三层上。
所述绝热材料层可以由一种编织绝缘材料制成,其中,由基材制成的所述第一层和/或第三层由任何标准的密封材料组成,比如Inconel718。被暴露到一热气路径中的第三层可以由一种防氧化材料比如PM2000组成。
所述层状结构可以被设置在一块连接器板内。该连接器板被构造成一种复合结构,以去除从该中央连接器板传送到弹簧侧支架的热辐射和热传导,以这样的方式即,该密封装置保持在冷却气流的温度范围内且因而保持有利的弹性,并且在燃烧器操作期间在其位置上被促动而弹起。所述绝热材料层被编织成条带,其可以与织物纤维的主轴对准或者与之成一预定角度。
所述防氧化材料层可以被焊接到所述连接器板的基材层上。
在本发明另一实施例的密封装置中,所述绝热材料层被设置在两个传统的E形密封件之间以作为第一和第三层。
这里所描述的密封装置可以是一个位于燃烧器的衬里片段之间的密封件。
附图说明
下面将结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行描述,这些附图中:
图1示出一种大型工业燃气涡轮的一个被防护的燃烧室的燃烧器衬里装置,
图2为图1中II部的细节放大图,示出位于两个燃烧器衬里片段之间的一个密封装置的结构,
图3示出根据本发明的一种密封装置,
图4示出图3中IV部的细节,
图5示出本发明密封装置的第二实施例,
图6示出本发明密封装置的第三实施例。
附图仅示出本发明的重要组成部分。在不同的附图中,相同的部分采用相同的标记进行标识。
具体实施方式
图1示出一种大型工业燃气涡轮的一个被防护的燃烧室1的燃烧器衬里装置的横截面图。在燃烧室1的外壳4的圆周上,设置有多个燃烧器衬里片段2,它们被固定到夹紧带3上。如图2详细所示,图2示出图1中II部的细节,在两个燃烧器衬里片段2之间设有一个密封件5,它是一个轴向的燃烧器双E形密封件。冷却介质通过夹紧带3中的冷却孔6和密封件5中的冷却孔流向燃烧室1。该密封件或密封装置5的一侧A被向温度达到1500℃的燃烧室1的热气暴露,而另一侧B被向温度达到600℃的冷却介质暴露。为了使其位于燃烧器衬里片段2之间的部位保持柔性并被促动地弹起,该密封装置5的所述弹簧侧支架7必须保持在冷气流的温度内。
图3示出根据本发明的一种密封装置5。该密封装置5包括两个弹簧侧支架7和一块叠层连接器板8。该弹簧侧支架7通过焊接被连接到连接器板8上。为了去除从中心连接器板8传送到弹簧侧支架7的热辐射,连接器板8被构造成一种复合结构,如图3和4所示。从而,图4示出了图3的IV部的细节。
如图4所示,复合的叠层连接器板8由三个不同的层9,10,11组成。第一层9为基材层或内连接器带,它可以是由一种标准的密封材料比如Inconel718制成,它负责形成密封装置5的结构整体性。也可以采用其它任何标准的密封材料。第二层10为绝热材料比如Nextel或者任何其它合适材料,由一种织物材料制成,并位于基材层9的上部。第三层11位于绝热材料层9的上部,可以由一种基材也比如Inconel718制成,或者它可以由一种用任何合适的抗氧化材料制成的防氧化材料制成。绝热材料层10被编织成带,其可以与主轴对准或者与之成一预定角度,以确保其具有柔性。
由于目前还没有获得关于辐射或者强制对流的数据,下面对通过连接器板8的层状结构的热流量的计算是基于下面提出的初始假定而进行的,在由Inconel718制成的第一层9、由Nextel制成的第二层10和由Inconel718制成的第三层11的层状结构组成的密封装置5内仅进行传导性传热。
假定外部Inconel718层的外部表面温度(t1):1200℃
假定内部Inconel718层的外部表面温度(t4):600℃
温度t2,t3和热流量是通过解答三个同时的等式而被计算的,以使通过夹层结构(Inconel718/Nextel/Inconel718)每一层的热流量相等,这必须总是严格的。对于假定条件,其结果是0.32W/mm2。这是针对一个单层高等级Nextel(>99%)氧化铝(Al2O3)布、厚度为0.28mm(0.011英寸)且熔点为2000℃以及两层0.20mm(0.008″)的Inconel718而计算出的。
Inconel718的导热率      23.9W/mK
Nextel的导热率          0.16W/mK
Inconel718外层的热表面温度t1         1200℃
Inconel718外层的冷表面温度t2         1197.3℃
Nextel的热表面温度t2                 1197.3℃
Nextel的冷表面温度t3                 602.7℃
Inconel718内层的热表面温度t3         602.7℃
Inconel718内层的冷表面温度t4         600℃
热流量   t1至t2   t2至t3   t3至t4
0.32     0.32     0.32     W/mm2
Nextel在保护Inconel718方面是很有效的。然而,由于与Inconel718(23.9W/mK)相比,Nextel布的导热率很低(约0.16W/mK),就应当注意避免使外部Inconel718层11过热,其中该层被暴露到高至1530℃的温度下。Inconel718或者Haynes25的熔点约为1332℃。
假设燃烧室1包含有非常高速的湍流气流,当火焰和热表面两者都发出辐射以及强制对流(假设密封件5处于高速区并且未被防护)时,就可以合理地假设存在高速率的传热。因而可以假设,连接器板8的外层11将处于相对接近于燃烧室1内的局部温度的温度下。因而,有必要根据供应温度、质量流量甚至分配而保证在密封件5的冷侧B存在有充分的冷却气流,以使穿过该密封件5的热流量消散。通过这样做,将使密封件5的冷侧B保持接近于冷却气流的温度。
由于Nextel与Inconel718的导热比率是0.1/23.9,很清楚,就需要使冷却空气的量大大减少,以适应于热流量的大大减少。这里,提供一个绝缘密封件5是特别有利的。现在就有可能使弹性密封件保持在一个足够低的温度下以避免应力松弛,而没有招致因使用大量冷却空气所带来的成本处罚。
图5示出了本发明密封装置的第二实施例,它由根据本发明的一种叠层连接器板8组成。如图5所示,该连接器板8由三个不同的层组成,包括一个基材层9、一个绝热材料层10以及一个由基材或者由一种防氧化材料制成的层11。该连接器板8被环绕弯曲并被焊接到一个E形密封件12的两侧。该E形密封件12也由Inconel718组成。该E形密封件12能被设有或者不设有冷却孔13。因为冷却孔可用于介质的流动。
图6示出了本发明密封装置5的第三实施例。它由位于E形密封件12外层上的两层组成,在该两层之间是一层绝热材料层10。
尽管已经对本发明的实例进行了描述,但是应当知道,本领域的技术人员可以采取其它的形式。
附图标记
1  燃烧室
2  燃烧器衬里片段
3  夹紧带
4  外壳
5  密封件,密封装置
6  冷却孔
7  弹簧侧支架
8  连接器板
9  基材层
10 绝热材料层
11 基材或由防氧化材料制成的层
12 E形密封件
13 冷却孔
A  密封装置的被暴露到热气路径中的侧
B  密封装置的被暴露到冷却介质中的侧
t1 Inconel718外层的热表面的温度
t2 Inconel718外层的冷表面/Nextel的热表面的温度
t3 Nextel的冷表面/Inconel718内层的热表面的温度
t4 Inconel718内层的冷表面的温度

Claims (10)

1.一种密封装置(5),包括一个层状结构,所述层状结构包括:
第一层(9),由一种基材制成,
第二层(10),位于所述第一层(9)之上并由绝热材料制成,和
第三层(11),位于所述绝热层(10)之上并由一基材制成,其中
所述层状结构被设置在一块连接器板(8)内,该连接器板(8)具有一个作为第一层的内连接器带(9)和一个作为第三层的外连接器带(11),以及
所述连接器板(8)的内连接器带或第一基材层(9)被直接焊接到所述外连接器带或第三层(11)上。
2.按照权利要求1所述的密封装置(5),其特征在于:所述绝热材料层(10)由一种编织绝缘材料组成。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的密封装置(5),其特征在于:所述密封装置(5)的第三层(11)由防氧化材料组成。
4.按照权利要求1所述的密封装置(5),其特征在于:所述连接器板(8)被焊接到一个弹簧侧支架(7)的两侧上。
5.按照权利要求4所述的密封装置(5),其特征在于:所述弹簧侧支架(7)是一个E形密封件。
6.按照权利要求4所述的密封装置(5),其特征在于:所述弹簧侧支架(7)被焊接到所述连接器板(8)上。
7.按照权利要求1所述的密封装置(5),其特征在于:所述连接器板(8)被环绕弯曲并被焊接到一个E形密封件(12)的两侧。
8.按照权利要求4所述的密封装置(5),其特征在于:在所述弹簧侧支架(7)内或者在所述E形密封件(12)内设有冷却孔(13)。
9.按照权利要求1所述的密封装置(5),其特征在于:在作为第一和第三层的两个E形密封件(12)之间设置所述绝热材料层(10)。
10.按照权利要求1所述的密封装置(5),其特征在于:所述密封装置(5)是一个在燃烧器衬里片段(2)之间的燃烧器衬里密封件。
CNB2004100855913A 2003-10-02 2004-09-30 密封装置 Expired - Fee Related CN100390389C (zh)

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US10/676,087 US7152864B2 (en) 2003-10-02 2003-10-02 Seal assembly
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EP1521036B1 (en) 2015-08-05

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