The super critical water treatment system of the waste organic liquid pollution less discharge and the utilization of resources
Technical field
The invention belongs to the organism process field, relate to a kind of water treatment system of waste organic liquid, particularly utilize supercritical water organic waste to be carried out harmless treatment and produce the super critical water treatment system of hydrogen-rich gas as reaction medium.
Background technology
The water of supercritical state is equivalent to non-polar solvent, can be miscible with arbitrary proportion with air, oxygen and organism, thus form homogeneous phase.Gas liquid film has disappeared, and has also just eliminated alternate resistance to mass transfer, and the speed of response that is dissolved in material wherein no longer is subjected to the influence of mass transfer.Simultaneously, high temperature of reaction (about 400~650 ℃) also makes speed of response accelerate.
Supercritical water oxidation technology (Supercritical Water Oxidation is called for short SCWO) is the technology of the very advantageous of a kind of organic pollutant of being shown great attention in recent years and sewage.It has distinctive feature when handling organic pollutant.This technology is special property (the weak hydrogen bond action that utilizes water to be had under supercritical state, specific inductivity is similar to polar organic solvent, high spread coefficient, low viscosity etc.), make organic pollutant and oxygenant that oxidizing reaction take place rapidly in supercritical water and come thorough decomposing organic matter.
Supercritical water oxidation has unique effect for handling those organic waste poisonous, difficult degradation, and in recent years, each state has all dropped into lot of manpower and material resources this technology is studied.SCWO reacts completely, thoroughly, final product is water, N
2, CO
2With the inorganic molecules compound, and meet totally enclosed requirement, the product cleaning does not need to further process.In addition, because the solubleness of inorganic salt in supercritical water is low especially, therefore can therefrom separate at an easy rate, the waste water after the processing can be recycled fully.
The SCWO process is a thermopositive reaction, just can realize self-heating when organic massfraction reaches 1~2%.For the higher organic waste of organic content, except that a part of heat be used to heat the id reaction material to temperature of reaction with (being self-heating) the carrying out of keeping reaction, the heat of remainder can produce heat energy by interchanger, thereby realizes the recycling of waste.
On the other hand, various organic wastes are that composition is similar to the humidogene material based on carbohydrate such as grease, protein, Mierocrystalline cellulose and carbohydrates.Allow their generating gasification reactions in supercritical water will produce materials such as hydrogen, methane, ethene, nitrogen, ammonia and oils, CO
2Quantity discharged will reduce.Have document to carry out mud supercritical water gasification (600 ℃, 34.5MPa) experiment, the gaseous fraction and the volume content that produce in the supercritical water thermal decomposition process of mud is as a result: H
246%, CH
439%, CO
210%, N
24%, CO 1%, and the calorific value that generates gas is 2337.9KJ/mol, and its energy effective utilization rate reaches 64.8% (deducted and heated self to the required heat of hydrothermal decomposition temperature).
The amount that the supercritical water partial oxidation technology is meant oxygenant in the reaction is less than the amount of required oxygenant during the organism complete oxidation in the reactant.Come controlled oxidation reaction and hydrolysis reaction by the amount of controlling the oxygenant that adds.The adding of oxygenant makes the benzene class material that originally is difficult to decompose in gasification to decompose, and improves vaporization rate, and simultaneously, oxygenant also can make the generation of tar be inhibited, and reduces the latch up phenomenon of reactor.Through experimental study, because the adding of oxygenant, the COD of liquid product also greatly reduces, and has reached the requirement of recycling and harmless treatment simultaneously.
Supercritical water oxidation and supercritical water gasification testing apparatus, present domestic existing relevant report, but also exist many shortcomings:
Present supercritical water oxidation or gasification system from the type of heating of material and water, or are material preheating after reaction medium mixes earlier, or only pre-thermal reaction medium, and not preheating of material.The previous case, if preheating temperature reaches supercritical temperature, then material just begins to take place pyrolysis in preheating tube, scission reaction can produce tar, coke, blocking pipeline, and final product had very big influence; If preheating temperature is low, then after entering reactor, also needing continues to heat reaches supercritical temperature, will certainly make structure of reactor more complicated.Latter event, because not preheating of material, after mixing before entering reactor, it is a lot of to cause whole fluidic temperature to descend, and makes reactor need design more hot spots.
In addition, also there is not a kind of system can finish these three functions of supercritical water oxidation, supercritical water gasification and supercritical water partial oxidation simultaneously at present.
Summary of the invention
Defective or deficiency at existing super critical water treatment system existence, the objective of the invention is to, the super critical water treatment system of a kind of waste organic liquid pollution less discharge and the utilization of resources is provided, this system utilizes supercritical water as medium, can when being handled, organic liquid waste reach the recycling of non-pollution discharge and energy.
In order to realize above-mentioned task, the present invention takes following technical solution:
The super critical water treatment system of a kind of waste organic liquid pollution less discharge and the utilization of resources, this system comprises the preheater that oxygenant, critical water and material three tunnel separate, it is characterized in that described three tunnel preheaters that separate are gas preheater, liquor preheater and material preheater, wherein:
The entrance end of gas preheater is connected with interchanger by pipeline, and this interchanger links to each other with air compressor by first valve, and the exit end of gas preheater is communicated with liquor preheater;
The entrance end of liquor preheater is connected with interchanger by pipeline, and this interchanger is connected with the high-pressure material pump by the 7th valve, and the high-pressure material pump is connected with water tank by the 8th valve;
The entrance end of material preheater is connected with interchanger by pipeline, and this interchanger is connected with high pressure plunger pump by second valve, and this high pressure plunger pump also is connected with material pot by the 7th valve;
The exit end of gas preheater and liquor preheater is communicated with reactor by the 3rd valve, and the exit end of material preheater is communicated with reactor by the 4th valve, and this reactor is connected with interchanger; This interchanger links to each other with gas-liquid separator; The two ends of gas-liquid separator also have the 6th valve and the 5th valve.
The preheating method that system of the present invention adopts gaseous oxidant, each branch road of liquid oxidizer (or reaction medium) to separate both can have been realized the rapidly pre-warming of material, can effectively prevent tar, coke again, blocking pipeline, feasible processing to organic pollutant both can reach innoxious, can realize the purpose of recycling again.
Because each branch road separates preheating method and is independent of each other, enter just mixing behind the reactor, so native system can be realized multi-functional.When only opening oxygenant and material branch road, can realize the function of supercritical water oxidation processing organic waste.When opening liquid oxidizer branch road and material branch road, can realize that supercritical water gasification produces the function of hydrogen-rich fuel.When open simultaneously in three loops, then can realize the function of supercritical water gasification-oxidation.The adding of oxygenant can make material generation partial oxidation, thereby becomes harmless inorganics, simultaneously because a large amount of existence of supercritical water as reaction medium, can make the intermediate product generating gasification reaction of oxidation, thereby obtain hydrogen-rich gas, as a kind of energy.
A large amount of factories that produce organic wastes such as system of the present invention can be in the paper mill, printing and dyeing mill, slaughterhouse, perhaps the residential quarter concentrates water treatment station to use.After native system was handled, the discharging of organic waste can reach the required standard of country, and inflammable gas can be used as a kind of thermal source of factory simultaneously, thus the fuel economy spending.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a system architecture synoptic diagram of the present invention, and label is wherein represented respectively: 1, gas preheater, 2, liquor preheater, 3, material preheater, 4, first valve, 5, second valve, 6, the 3rd valve, 7, the 4th valve, 8, reactor, 9, interchanger, 10, gas-liquid separator, 11, the 5th valve, the 12, the 6th valve, 13, air compressor, 14, material pot, 15, the 7th valve, 16, the high-pressure material pump, 17, water tank, 18, the 8th valve, 19, high pressure plunger pump, the 20, the 9th valve, 21, the UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN loop.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, the super critical water treatment system of the waste organic liquid pollution less discharge of the present invention and the utilization of resources, the preheater that this system's oxygenant, critical water and material three tunnel separate is respectively gas preheater 1, liquor preheater 2 and material preheater 3, wherein:
The entrance end of gas preheater 1 is connected with interchanger 9 by pipeline, and this interchanger 9 links to each other with air compressor 13 by first valve 4, and the exit end of gas preheater 1 is communicated with liquor preheater 2;
The entrance end of liquor preheater 2 is connected with interchanger 9 by pipeline, and this interchanger 9 is connected with high pressure plunger pump 19 by the 9th valve 20, and high pressure plunger pump 19 is connected with water tank 17 by the 8th valve 18;
The entrance end of material preheater 3 is connected with interchanger 9 by pipeline, and this interchanger 9 is connected with high-pressure material pump 16 by second valve 5, and this high pressure plunger pump 16 also is connected with material pot 14 by the 7th valve 15;
The exit end of gas preheater 1 and liquor preheater 2 is communicated with reactor 8 by the 3rd valve 6, and the exit end of material preheater 3 is communicated with reactor 8 by the 4th valve 7, and this reactor 8 is connected with interchanger 9; Interchanger 9 links to each other with gas-liquid separator 10; The two ends of gas-liquid separator 10 also have the 6th valve 12 and the 5th valve 11.
The inner and upper of interchanger 9 also is provided with UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN loop 21.
Material, supercritical water, oxygenant (air or oxygen) three tunnel separate preheating, can set final preheating temperature separately.Supercritical water and oxygenant enter reactor 8 after preheater outlet mixing separately, and and mixing of materials, react.Supercritical water oxidation in the past or gasification installation, or material preheating after reaction medium mixes earlier, or only pre-thermal reaction medium, and not preheating of material.The previous case, if preheating temperature reaches supercritical temperature, then material just begins to take place pyrolysis in preheating tube, scission reaction can produce tar, coke, blocking pipeline, and final product had very big influence; If preheating temperature is low, then after entering reactor, also needing continues to heat reaches supercritical temperature, will certainly make reactor more complicated.Latter event, because not preheating of material, after mixing before entering reactor, it is a lot of to cause whole fluidic temperature to descend, and makes reactor need design more hot spots.Adopt the pre-heating system of separate type.Can heat to 350 ℃ to material.By research, below the temperature, pyrolysis can not take place in organism at this, cracked reaction, and blocking pipe.The preheating of oxygenant and water then can be set at 700 ℃.In reactor 8 and after the mixing of materials, the reaction that then can reach 600 ℃ requires temperature.Therefore, reactor 6 can only need minimum heating power or even need not heat.Thereby make DESIGN OF REACTOR, manufacturing and use become very simple.
Supercritical water gasification and oxidizing reaction are thermopositive reaction, in this process, violent chemical reaction takes place, emit a large amount of heat, this portion of energy is recycled, be used for material and water are carried out preheating, can play good effect, saved the energy input of total system simultaneously greatly.
Because each branch road separates preheating, be independent of each other, just mix after entering reactor 8, so native system can be realized multi-functional.When only opening oxygenant and material branch road, can realize the function of supercritical water oxidation processing organic waste.When opening water branch road and material branch road, can realize that supercritical water gasification produces the function of hydrogen-rich fuel.When open simultaneously in three loops, then can realize the function of supercritical water gasification-oxidation.The adding of oxygenant can make material generation partial oxidation, thereby becomes harmless inorganics, simultaneously because a large amount of existence of supercritical water as reaction medium, can make the intermediate product generating gasification reaction of oxidation, thereby obtain hydrogen-rich gas, as a kind of energy.
Below be the embodiment that the contriver provides:
1, supercritical water oxidation is handled organic waste:
A. use air as oxygenant:
Air compressor 13 carries pressurized air by behind first valve 1, earlier through interchanger 9, then to gas preheater 1; Carry through the 8th valve 18 and high pressure plunger pump 19 with the liquid in the water tank 17,, after the supercritical water that obtains through liquor preheater 2 mixes then, enter reactor 8 through the 3rd valve 6 earlier through interchanger 9.And the material in the material pot 14 (organic waste) is carried behind second valve 5 through the 7th valve 15 and high-pressure material pump 16, through interchanger 9, to material preheater 3, after the preheating, enters reactor 8 by the 4th valve 7 in material preheater 3 then earlier.Two fluid streams are mixed the back and in reactor 8 supercritical water oxidation are taken place.Reacted product enters the gas-liquid separator 10 that the 6th valve 12 and the 5th valve 11 are arranged up and down after interchanger 9 coolings.The UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN loop 21 of the inner and upper of interchanger 9 can be used to collect heat and continue to utilize.
B. use hydrogen peroxide as oxygenant:
From water tank 17, get the hydrogen peroxide of certain proportion concentration, carry by high pressure plunger pump 19, at first enter interchanger 9, pass through liquor preheater 2 again from interchanger 9 then, enter at last in the reactor 8 through the 9th valve 20 through the 8th valve 18; And the material in the material pot 14 (organic waste) is carried behind second valve 5 by high-pressure material pump 16 through the 7th valve 15, through interchanger 9, to material preheater 3, after the preheating, enters reactor 8 by the 4th valve 7 in material preheater 3 then earlier.Two fluid streams are mixed the back and in reactor 8 supercritical water oxidation are taken place.Reacted product enters the gas-liquid separator 10 that the 6th valve 12 and the 5th valve 11 are arranged up and down after interchanger 9 coolings.The UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN loop 21 of the inner and upper of interchanger 9 can be used to collect heat and continue to utilize.
2, the supercritical water gasification organic waste is produced hydrogen-rich gas:
Pure water from water tank 17 is carried by high pressure plunger pump 19 through the 8th valve 18, at first enters interchanger 9 through the 9th valve 20, passes through liquor preheater 2 again from interchanger 9 then, enters reactor 8 at last.And the material in the material pot 14 (organic waste) is carried through the 7th valve 15 and high-pressure material pump 16, through interchanger 9, after the preheating, enters reactor 8 from opposite side then in material preheater 3 earlier.Two fluid streams are mixed the back supercritical water gasification reaction are taken place in reactor 8.Reacted product enters the gas-liquid separator 10 that the 6th valve 12 and the 5th valve 11 are arranged up and down after interchanger 9 coolings, open the 6th valve 12 on the gas-liquid separator 10, can obtain hydrogen-rich gas.The UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN loop 21 of the inner and upper of interchanger 9 can be used to collect heat and continue to utilize.
3, supercritical water partial oxidation is handled organic waste:
A. use air as oxygenant:
Air compressor 13 carries pressurized air by behind first valve 4, earlier through interchanger 9, then to gas preheater 1, carry through the 8th valve 18 and high pressure plunger pump 19 with the liquid from water tank 17, earlier through interchanger 9, and then after the supercritical water mixing through liquor preheater 2, enter reactor 8.And the material in the material pot 14 (organic waste) is carried through the 7th valve 15 and high-pressure material pump 16, through interchanger 9, after the preheating, enters reactor 8 from opposite side then in material preheater 3 earlier.Two fluid streams are mixed the back supercritical water partial oxidation reaction are taken place in reactor 8.Product enters gas-liquid separator 10 through interchanger 9 coolings.The UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN loop 21 of the inner and upper of interchanger 9 can be used to collect heat and continue to utilize.
B. use hydrogen peroxide as oxygenant:
From water tank 17, get the hydrogen peroxide of certain proportion concentration,, carry, earlier through interchanger 9, enter reactor 8 through liquor preheater 2 then by the 9th valve 20 by high pressure plunger pump 19 through the 8th valve 18.And the material in the material pot 14 (organic waste) is carried through the 7th valve 15 and high-pressure material pump 16, through interchanger 9, after the preheating, enters reactor 8 then in material preheater 3 earlier.Two fluid streams are mixed the back and in reactor 8 partial oxidation reaction are taken place.Reacted product enters the gas-liquid separator 10 that the 6th valve 12 and the 5th valve 11 are arranged up and down after interchanger 9 coolings.The UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN loop 21 of the inner and upper of interchanger 9 can be used to collect heat and continue to utilize.
C. be the supercritical water gasification reaction of material with the municipal sludge:
Adopt system of the present invention that municipal sludge is carried out supercritical water gasification hydrogen production and handle, its test shows: the organic removal rate of mud can reach more than 90%; 550 ℃, the reaction times, the hydrogen volume per-cent of gained was 23.5% behind the sludge gasification when being 10Min, the COD of reaction back excess-col liquid is less than 200mgL
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D. be the supercritical water oxidation of material with printing-ink waste water:
Adopt system of the present invention that printing-ink waste water is carried out the supercritical water harmless treatment, its test shows: the organic removal rate of printing-ink waste water can reach more than 96%; When being 5Min, the COD of reaction back excess-col liquid is less than 95.7mgL at 600 ℃, reaction times
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