CN100385114C - Wind machine's laminae made from composite material and preparation method - Google Patents

Wind machine's laminae made from composite material and preparation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100385114C
CN100385114C CNB2005100248188A CN200510024818A CN100385114C CN 100385114 C CN100385114 C CN 100385114C CN B2005100248188 A CNB2005100248188 A CN B2005100248188A CN 200510024818 A CN200510024818 A CN 200510024818A CN 100385114 C CN100385114 C CN 100385114C
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China
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blade
core
composite material
bag
core bag
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Expired - Fee Related
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CNB2005100248188A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1687586A (en
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黄争鸣
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Tongji University
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Tongji University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

The present invention relates to a blade with composite material of a windmill and a preparation method. The present invention is characterized in that the blade with composite material is formed in one piece by closing mold, and adopts a flexible core; the core part is solidified by heating, fiber is closed along a cross section, and a connecting fitting and a blade root is conveniently fixed; the blade is composed of reinforced fiber cloth, a resin group, the connecting fitting and a filling core. One half of the fiber cloth is spread in a lower mold cavity of a forming mold of the blade, and is inserted in an elastic core bag with a heater, and the connecting fitting is positioned at the fiber position of the blade root end; the other half of the fiber cloth wraps up the elastic core bag and the connecting fitting. The blade with composite material of a windmill is obtained by clamping mold, locking mold, evacuating, injecting resin, pumping liquid in the elastic core bag so as to cause the core bag and a mold cavity to form dense extrusion, heating up the liquid so as to cause the blade to be solidified in moderate temperature, sloughing the mold cavity, quitting the core bag, and injecting low-density polyester material foaming to fill in a hollow blade casing. The blade has the advantages of light weight, high intensity, large rigidity, high stability, easy manufacture and preparation, low cost, etc., and is convenient for the in situ preparation for huge blades.

Description

Wind Aircraft Blade Preparation Method of Composite Material And
Technical field
The present invention relates to wind machine's laminae made from composite material, refer to a kind of Large-scale composite wind turbine blades and its preparation methods especially.
Background technique
Because the disposable energy (oil, coal etc.) is shortage more and more, the development and use of the recyclability energy become human common recognition, receive the very big concern of various countries.Wherein, wind energy is a kind of recyclability energy that has business development to be worth at present most, will become an emphasis of China's energy exploitation and application.
Wind-power electricity generation is that the wind energy collecting that disperses is got up to do mechanical work, is converted into electric energy again, thereby can be directly utilized by the mankind.Blade occupies critical role in wind-driven generator.The design of blade and workmanship level are the key technology and the technical merit representative of wind-power generating system.By blade of wind-driven generator, the wind energy that unit energy density is lower can put together and form powerful rotating machinery merit, drives motor again, produces wind-powered electricity generation.Because the density of air is very little, blade of wind-driven generator must have enough big surface area, just may produce the scale and benefit of wind-powered electricity generation.Wind-power electricity generation and hydroelectric power are compared, because air density approximately is 1/780th of water density, suppose that wind speed is identical with the flow velocity of water, so, the power of desiring a typhoon power generator is provided is identical with the power that a hydraulic turbine generator provides, and the blade area of wind-driven generator just must be 780 times of hydraulic turbine generator blade area.Therefore, the blade of wind-driven generator all be usually very long (length of blade of MW class generally about 25 meters, 5 megawatts then above 60 meters), area is huge.So big huge monster only depends on fixed end to be suspended on the space running.How reducing the deadweight of blade, guarantee that simultaneously blade also has enough rigidity, intensity especially fatigue resistance and stability in the high wind field, is the key issue place that Blade Design and manufacturing face.
Present big-and-middle-sized wind machine's laminae made from composite material all is to take the preparation of multistep forming method basically: make earlier the upper and lower shell and the keel bar (or web) of blade respectively, adopt resin glue to stick into one again.Because the intensity of abutting edge is significantly less than the intensity of housing itself, makes the leaf shell can not give full play to its performance, similar opening thin beam is far away from the bearing capacity of the thin-walled beam of remaining silent.In addition, this multistep processes also needs three secondary large molds at least, is respectively applied for the preparation of upper casing, lower casing and keel bar (web).The leaf shell that meridosternous supports is easy to generate unstable failure.If use leading edge beam and trailing edge beam or polylith web then also must increase more multi-mould.Therefore, the having high input of equipment and factory building, manufacture cycle are long, have increased the blade manufacture cost.
Temperature is great to the curing quality influence of blade.If at room temperature solidify, the blade after the moulding generally all must place and carry out warm reprocessing in the Large Furnace, needs extra equipment and factory building input.If under middle temperature, solidify, though can save postprocessing working procedures and equipment, bury underground in mould heat conductive tube or heat conducting bar not only the integral rigidity of complex process, die cavity be affected, and to the metal pattern heating, be incubated that often energy consumption is huge.Mould is many more, and this problem is outstanding more.
The biggest obstacle of huge blade applications is transportation.The huge pneumatic equipment blades made of 5 megawatts or higher level is transported to wind energy turbine set, even if can realize also very expensive, its expense generally meets or exceeds the expense of blade itself.Because the mould used of multistep moulding is many, complex procedures, plant area are big, makes this method of employing prepare huge blade at the scene and is difficult to equally reduce cost.
U.S. Pat 6264877B1 discloses a kind of method for preparing the thermoplastic composite material pneumatic equipment blades made, is with reinforcing fiber and polypropylene (Polypropylene) fiber blends, is laid in the blade mold up and down inboard, the outside of flexible core of die cavity.After closing film,, make the mixing cloth of reinforcing fiber and polypropylene fiber and blade die cavity closely attach by the extruding of flexible core.Again this mould is sent in the burner hearth more than 170 ℃ or on the mould outer cup thermal insulation layer, innerly inject high-temperature gas more than 170 ℃ so that the polypropylene fiber thawing that will mix in the cloth makes it compound with reinforcing fiber, become blade shell after the cooling.There are following some shortcomings in the blade production method of this patent introduction: 1) Zhi Bei blade is still formed by two-part bonding, will need two secondary moulds; 2) all need to be full of high-temperature gas more than 170 ℃ blade mold inside and outside, not only increased technologic difficulty, and energy consumption is big; 3) can not inject liquid such as water at flexible in-core, otherwise liquid is vaporized at high temperature and may be caused the pressure of flexible in-core out of control; 4) can not be directly used in the preparation of same with thermosetting compound material pneumatic equipment blades made, and at present nearly all big-and-middle-sized composite material blade all variety of suitable thermoset and reinforcing fiber impregnation are made.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention is to propose especially large-scale blade of a kind of new wind machine's laminae made from composite material and preparation method thereof.Another object of the present invention is to propose a kind of new method of fixedlying connected that realizes between root link and the wind machine's laminae made from composite material.
Technological scheme of the present invention comprises three key technologies.One of key technology is to replace repeatedly moulding with once-through in the preparation of large pneumatic equipment blades made of composite material, thereby, can guarantee the continuity of reinforcing fiber, improved integral rigidity, intensity and the stability of blade shell greatly.Two of key technology is not re-use extra keel bar or web is a load spare, but directly by the blade enclosure carrying of sealing, makes material consumption reach minimum.After hollow blade enclosure is made, fill other lightweight materials such as foamed plastics at core again, so that further strengthen the stability of housing.Three of key technology is to have adopted middle tenderness core, and heating up from in-core solidifies composite material blade, not only simplifies heat process and equipment needed thereby greatly, and capacity usage ratio reaches the highest, power consumption is minimum because the insulation effect of leaf shell and mould makes.By adopting these technology, the manufacture cost of large pneumatic equipment blades made of composite material is reduced greatly.
The formant that constitutes wind machine's laminae made from composite material of the present invention has: cloth of reinforcement fibers, fluoropolymer resin (preferably intermediate temperature setting), elastic material sealing package, heating equipment, root link etc., wherein the root link is used for the wheel hub of vanes fixed to wind energy conversion system.The capital equipment for preparing this wind machine's laminae made from composite material is die cavity and the fixture thereof that is divided into two, and comprises vacuum machine, pressure gauge, resin storage can, valve.The profile of leaf cross-section is consistent with the cross-sectional profile of die cavity cavity.
The root link is made up of end flange and suitably long Taper Pipe, get by the processing of light-weight metals such as aluminum alloy, titanium alloy or by the fibre reinforced composites moulding, it is horn-like that Taper Pipe becomes, the Taper Pipe of intermediate section also can be the capable shape of bar, so that further alleviate structure weight, Taper Pipe is by the diameter minimum at flange place.The die cavity of blade root section is the back taper pipe, makes that the blade root housing after the moulding is a back taper pipe, closely nested with the link Taper Pipe.Link Taper Pipe such as desire break away from nested, just will inevitably produce axial tension stress respectively in pipe and in the composite material blade.This design not only technology is simple but also make in the past blade root connect die in an accident in the design to inscribe to be resolved: will end the dependence upon the shear strength assurance between link and the blade, the blade root housing will mainly bear tensile stress.
The preparation process of blade is described as follows:
Cloth of reinforcement fibers is sprawled in lower mode cavity by design, and such as becoming stepped by blade root to blade tip, temperature (50 ℃~480 ℃) cured resin is a body material in the employing.The root link is placed in the lower mode cavity.Put the elastic packing bag again, be provided with heating equipment in the bag.Heating equipment can be internal package metalwork that resistive heater is arranged (being similar to the fast of heat) and subsidiary temperature controller (that is, can cut off the resistance wire power supply automatically when temperature surpasses setting value) be arranged; Also can be tubulose or the hollow sheet metal construction (being similar to radiator) that inlet/outlet connects, inner conductance high-temp liquid or gas, inlet/outlet Guan Ze be drawn outside the elastic packing bag; Can also be outside by the furnace chamber that metallic material seals, inside is lined with refractory material, furnace chamber internal combustion oil firing, coal gas (rock gas) or coal, the inlet of furnace chamber and flue connect, and draw respectively outside the elastic packing bag.The corresponding girth of each layer fiber being pressed blade profile is folding, and with each layer fibre cloth respectively along periphery sew up, glue connects, overlapping or take and lean on, make elastic packing bag and link Taper Pipe be wrapped in the fibre cloth (wherein some fibre cloth or other fibre reinforced materials such as unidirectional fibre cloth also can be sewed up along periphery, glue connects, overlapping or take by).Fibre cloth to parcel link Taper Pipe can be twined several layers unidirectional fibre cloth along hoop, can also stick with paste resin to the fiber hand at Taper Pipe place.With upper cavity and lower mode cavity close up, fastening and along periphery sealing, vacuumize, injecting resin.Geothermal liquid or gas perhaps start heating equipment behind pumping liquid or the gas in pumping in the elastic packing bag.By the elastic packing bag of expansion and the extruding of die cavity, make composite material blade solidifying under middle temperature.Also can be simultaneously mould be heated up,, make blade, shorten curing time at the solidifying after the match of even temperature more respectively from the fibre cloth heating of inside and outside pincer attack after to impregnation.After the demoulding, discharge liquid or gas in the flexible bag, move back bag, obtain one-time formed composite material hollow blade.At last, filling with light material in hollow leaf shell such as injecting low-density polyester liquid material, foaming, forms the foamed plastics filled core; Perhaps, in hollow leaf shell, pile up earlier the lightweight material piece, as the unit of plastic or the short fibre reinforced plastic piece of outside seal, boring, or the airtight ring of wooden unit, end etc., the gap between foam filled each material block of the liquid foam material that reinjects.Because the cavity in the macrophyll shell is very big, also can paste sheet material (plank, sheet metal, composite panel etc.) at the internal surface of upper and lower lobes shell, again with upright supports, be similar to that to set up pillar in the mine tunnel the same between two plates; Perhaps directly vertical columns support between the internal surface of upper and lower lobes shell; Can also be between the internal surface of upper and lower lobes shell fixing support structure such as web, framework.
A kind of typical composite material blade preparation process is as follows: the 1st step cutting fibre cloth, the 2nd step fibre cloth is sprawled by design in bottom film chamber, the 3rd step put the end metal connecting piece, the 4th step was put the core bag, the 5th step fibre cloth sealing, the end fiber of the 6th step to coated metal spare twines, sturdy and hand is stuck with paste resin (intermediate temperature setting), the 7th step was closed up bottom film chamber, fastening, along the periphery sealing, the 8th step vacuumized, injecting resin, soak into fibre cloth, the 9th step is to the fluid injection of core bag, the 10th step heated up and solidifies, and the 11st step core bag discharges liquid, the demoulding, move back bag, the 12nd step excision burr, polishing, the 13rd step cleaning periphery, polishing, the 14th step was injected polyester in hollow leaf shell, foaming, seal, the 15th step paint obtains composite material blade at last.
Because the present invention is to the axial rigidity of mould less demanding (extruding of liquid core only has requirement to the circumferential rigidity of mould), just mold design can be processed into segmented, the scene that transports to piecemeal is spliced into a mold integral again, thereby the in situ preparation of huge blade can be realized than being easier to.
The especially large-scale blade of the wind machine's laminae made from composite material that obtains produced according to the present invention has in light weight, outstanding advantages such as product are of fine quality, intensity is high, rigidity is big, good stability, technology is simple, cost is low, in situ preparation is easy, will produce considerable social benefit and economic benefit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 sprawls for fiber of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a link means of fixation of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is cross section of fiber of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a mold sections of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is preparation method's flow chart of the present invention.
Label declaration in the accompanying drawing:
The 1-lower mode cavity; The 2-fibre cloth;
The 3-fibre cloth; The 4-link;
The 5-flange; The 6-Taper Pipe;
7-core bag; The 8-heating equipment;
9-leaf shell; The 10-upper cavity;
11-liquid; The 12-fibre cloth;
The 13-sealing; 14-part to be excised.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
In lower mode cavity 1, sprawl Finishing fibre cloth (nylon or spun yarn glass fiber cloth) 2, repave exhibition cloth of reinforcement fibers 3, as shown in Figure 1.Second half of these fibre cloth all is suspended on outside the preceding rim of lower mode cavity, and wherein two sections unidirectional fibre cloth is in advance with the fibre cloth seam/gummed of innermost layer.In the end of lower mode cavity, put metal (aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, stainless steel etc.) link 4, link is processed by flange 5 and Taper Pipe 6 integral body, referring to Fig. 2.Repave exhibition resilient core bag 7, be equipped with heating equipment 8 in the core bag.Respectively with each layer fibre cloth turnover, sew up and sealing 13 be arranged in the trailing edge place, core bag and connection piece all are wrapped in the fibre cloth, referring to Fig. 3.Before the stitching, two sections unidirectional fibre cloth 12 stitches with innermost layer fibre cloth 3 earlier or is glued together.Close upper cavity 10, fastening, along die cavity periphery sealing.Extract the air in the die cavity out.After in vacuum gauge is presented at die cavity, having formed enough negative pressure of vacuum, open the valve that connects the splendid attire resin container, in die cavity, inject resin, each fibre cloth of thoroughly soaking into its inside.Pumping liquid 11 in the core bag, and the starting heating equipment makes liquid core and die cavity form extruding.Unnecessary resin is drawn by air outlet hole, perhaps the relative trailing edge of the leading edge of die cavity is raised, make the unnecessary resin that squeezes out flow into the trailing edge place excess room, draw die cavity.Further fluid pressure in the rising core bag makes each latex bonded fibre cloth all obtain closely knit extruding, referring to Fig. 4.Keep-up pressure and temperature after the enough time, the demoulding discharges liquid in the core bag, moves back bag.Burr 14 excisions, polishing, cleaning periphery, polishing that trailing edge is outer are injected polyamine fat, are foamed, seal, paint in hollow leaf shell 9, obtain one-time formed composite material blade.
Embodiment 2:
Embodiment 2 is substantially the same manner as Example 1, but behind the hollow leaf casing forming of large-scale blade, pastes plank or composite sheet with mighty bond respectively in the upper and lower surface of leaf shell inside, again at fixed support column between the plank up and down, in order to increase the stability of blade.

Claims (4)

1. wind machine's laminae made from composite material, form by cloth of reinforcement fibers, resin base, link, core material, it is characterized in that: link is made of end flange and horn-like Taper Pipe, Taper Pipe is by the diameter minimum at flange place, the blade tip housing is the back taper pipe, with constitute between the horn-like Taper Pipe of link closely nested; Blade shell is by tenderness core in the cloth of reinforcement fibers warp that soaked into resin and die cavity extruding once-through, and core material recharges into behind the leaf casing forming.
2. wind machine's laminae made from composite material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: tenderness core in described, constitute by geothermal liquid in filling in the elastic packing bag or middle wet body, and middle tenderness in-core is provided with heating equipment.
3. wind machine's laminae made from composite material according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described heating equipment is the metalwork that internal package has resistance wire, perhaps for importing and exporting the metal construction of perforation, inner conductance high-temp liquid or gas.
4. the preparation method of a wind machine's laminae made from composite material, it is characterized in that: the preparation method of its blade is: fibre cloth is wrapped up flexible core bag and link and is placed up and down between the die cavity of forming die, be provided with heating equipment in the wherein flexible core bag, link places the blade root end, close up die cavity up and down, vacuumize, inject resin, make core bag and die cavity form closely knit extruding to flexible core bag internal-filling liquid body, or the inflation body makes core bag and die cavity form closely knit extruding in flexible core bag, the starting heating equipment, heat up and solidify, slough die cavity after the curing, discharge liquid or the gas in the flexible core bag and move back bag, filling core material in hollow leaf shell again, Finishing obtains wind machine's laminae made from composite material.
CNB2005100248188A 2005-04-01 2005-04-01 Wind machine's laminae made from composite material and preparation method Expired - Fee Related CN100385114C (en)

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Assignee: Nanjing turbulence wind energy equipment Co., Ltd.

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Contract fulfillment period: 2007.5.15 to 2025.4.1 contract change

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Denomination of invention: Wind machine's laminae made from composite material and preparation method

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Name of requester: NANJING WENTAI WIND ENERGY EQUIPMENT CO., LTD.

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Granted publication date: 20080430

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