CN100383571C - Birefringence free space optical hybrid - Google Patents
Birefringence free space optical hybrid Download PDFInfo
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- CN100383571C CN100383571C CNB200610026338XA CN200610026338A CN100383571C CN 100383571 C CN100383571 C CN 100383571C CN B200610026338X A CNB200610026338X A CN B200610026338XA CN 200610026338 A CN200610026338 A CN 200610026338A CN 100383571 C CN100383571 C CN 100383571C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a double refraction free space optical bridge which is composed of four double refraction optical plates in the same structure, a polarization detection double refraction plate and a wave plate. In a coherent optical communication receiver, the present invention is used for synthesizing laser communication signal beams and local oscillation laser beams and generating 90DEG phase shift four-channel synthesized beams which are output to realize the 2*4 optical bridging in the space so as to carry out the photoelectric conversion, the signal demodulation and the phase locking. The special optical processing of the double refraction optical plate can ensure that the four double refraction optical plates have the phase delays which are completely equal. The double refraction free space optical bridge has the advantages of simple and compact structure, stable and reliable performance, small loss, etc. The present invention is especially suitable for free space laser coherent communication, and has practical significance for realizing miniaturization, light weight, low power consumption and high code rate as for satellite-borne laser communication terminals.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser communication, it is a kind of birefringence free space optical bridge, in the coherent light communication receiver, be used for space compound laser communication signal beams and local oscillation laser beam and produce the synthetic light beam of four passages of 90 degree phase shifts, implementation space 2 * 4 bridge joints.
Background technology
Be used between the satellite or satellite and land station between the satellite borne laser communication terminal of free space laser communication need realize miniaturization, lightweight, low-power consumption and high code check.The laser communication system has two kinds: a kind of is non-coherent laser communication system, and the optical emitting end adopts intensity modulation, and the optics receiving end adopts direct detection; Another is the coherent laser communication system, and the optical emitting end adopts modulation such as phase place, frequency, and the optics receiving end adopts heterodyne reception.Because the receiver sensitivity of coherent light communication is than highly sensitive one more than the magnitude of incoherent light communication, the coherent light communication system is the key that improves message transmission rate and reduce volume, quality and power consumption, the coherent light communication system is mainly adopted in the laser space communication of remote high code check, and the system of practicability is two-value phase modulation (PM) and homostrobe.
The receiving end of a coherent light homodyne communication port is made up of this machine laser oscillator, photoelectron reception, phase-locked loop, light bridge (Hybrid) and flashlight receiving light path.Light bridge arrives optoelectronic receiver with signal laser and local oscillator laser links, is one of system core device in the coherent optical communication system, and the receptivity of coherent communication system depends on the performance of light bridge.The light bridge major function be before the accurate composite signal laser wave in space and the local oscillator laser wave before, to produce both difference frequencies.Light bridge is divided into the output of 90 degree phase shifts, two passages on performance, structures such as 180 degree phase shift two passages outputs and 90 degree phase shift four-way outputs, 180 degree phase shifts, 2 * 2 light bridges can be used for balance phase-locked loop receiver, 90 degree phase shifts, 2 * 2 light bridges can be used for costas phase lock loop road receiver, and 90 degree phase shifts, 2 * 4 light bridges can be used for the receiver that balance receives and the costas phase lock loop road combines.
In the satellite laser communications terminal, the light signal that is received not only will be used to the locus surveying the communication information but also will be used to survey distant terminal, promptly utilize photoelectric position detector measuring light signal for receiving telescope from the axle amount, this position variation signal is used for the purpose of optical precision tracking.Therefore for the satellite laser communications terminal, light bridge must be the free space circulation way.
In optical fiber telecommunications system, light bridge adopts waveguide and optical fibre device principle to realize that these devices do not belong to Free Space Optics, is not suitable for the satellite free space laser communication system and uses.In the satellite laser communications terminal, the block light bridge that has developed a kind of 2 * 4 input and output is [referring to document 1:R.Garreis, C.Zeiss, " 90 optical hybrid for coherent receivers; " Proc.SPIE Vol.1522, pp.210-219,1991. document 2:R.Lange and B.Smutny, " Optical inter-satellitelinkd based on homodyne BSPK modulation:heritage, status and outlook ", Proc.SPIE, Vol.5712, pp.1-12,2005.], it can realize differing two group of 180 output of spending phase shift of 90 degree simultaneously.180 degree phase shifts of this light bridge are based on the polarized light interference principle, and 90 degree phase shifts adopt wave plate to postpone, but whole optical system need guarantee the strict aplanatism transmission of light beam to be similar to the white light interference condition.Therefore, the optical quality of this light bridge and matching requirements are very strict, less stable, and element a lot (13), and the insertion loss is bigger.
Summary of the invention
Advantages such as the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of birefringence free space optical bridge is provided, and this light bridge should have simple and compact for structure, and is stable and reliable for performance, and loss is little.And not only can be used for the coherent communication system that free space is propagated, also can be used in the coherent communication system of spread fiber.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of birefringence free space optical bridge, characteristics are that it comprises that material is identical, the rectangular first birefringence optics flat board of the single axial birefringence crystal that physical dimension is identical, the second birefringence optics flat board, dull and stereotyped and the 4th birefringence optics flat board of the 3rd birefringence optics, described first birefringence optics optical axis dull and stereotyped and the second birefringence optics flat board is opposite and stack and form first and fold piece, described the 3rd birefringence optics optical axis dull and stereotyped and the 4th birefringence optics flat board is opposite and stack and form second and fold piece, one wave plate and an analyzing birefringence flat board, the position relation of above-mentioned each component is: the direct of travel along light is the described first folded piece successively, wave plate, second folded piece and the analyzing birefringence flat board, the described first birefringence optics flat board, the principal section of the second birefringence optics flat board and the 3rd birefringence optics flat board, the principal section of the 4th birefringence optics flat board is vertical mutually, the principal section that the fast axle of described wave plate or slow axis are parallel to the described first folded piece, the principal section of described analyzing birefringence flat board is the plane that optical axis and crystal interface normal are determined, with the principal section placement at 45 of the 3rd birefringence optics flat board 6.
The plane of incidence and the exit facet perpendicular to light going direction of the described first birefringence optics flat board, the second birefringence optics flat board, the 3rd birefringence optics flat board, the 4th birefringence optics flat board and analyzing birefringence flat board are the optical polish face.
The optical axis of described birefringence optics flat board be oriented to θ, i.e. the angle of o light wave normal direction and optical axis, the principal section of birefringence optics flat board is optical axis, o light and the residing common plane of e light.
The principal refractive index of birefringence optics flat board is respectively n
oAnd n
eWhen light impinged perpendicularly on crystal interface, to be decomposed into refractive index be n to light wave once entering crystal
oAnd n
e' o light and e light, its BEAM SQUINT angle α, satisfy relational expression:
Correspondingly the beam separation distance is:
ΔL＝Dtanα
Wherein, D is the length along the propagation of o light of birefringence flat board.
Described single axial birefringence crystal is kalzit, vanadic acid yttrium, α-BBO or lithium columbate crystal.
The plane of incidence of the described first birefringence optics flat board, the second birefringence optics flat board, the 3rd birefringence optics flat board and the 4th birefringence optics flat board to the thickness of exit facet is 〉=d that width is 〉=2d that their length is
, the plane of incidence of described analyzing birefringence flat board and the thickness of exit facet are
, width is 〉=2d that length is
, wherein d is the diameter of signal beams 1 and local beam 2.
Described wave plate is 1/8 wave plate.
Birefringence free space optical bridge of the present invention is the birefringence beam splitting of adopting four same structures/close a beam optics flat board, what analyzing birefringence was dull and stereotyped and wave plate is formed, can realize that 90 degree phase shift four-ways export.Because advantages such as four birefringence optics flat boards can guarantee accurate same structure, and the present invention has simple and compact for structure, and is stable and reliable for performance, and loss is little.And not only can be used for the coherent communication system that free space is propagated, also can be used in the coherent communication system of spread fiber.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of birefringence free space optical bridge embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of optical axis of crystal orientation and BEAM SQUINT in the calcite birefringence optical flat principal section.
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, but should not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
The structure of birefringence free space optical bridge of the present invention comprises the dull and stereotyped 3 and second birefringence optics flat board 4 of the first birefringence optics that stacks, wave plate 5, dull and stereotyped the 6 and the 4th birefringence optics flat board 7 of the 3rd birefringence optics, the analyzing birefringence flat board 8 that stack as shown in Figure 1.Wherein: input light is light beam 1 and light beam 2, and output light is light beam 9, light beam 10, light beam 11 and light beam 12.
The first birefringence optics flat board 3, the second birefringence optics flat board 4, the 3rd birefringence optics flat board 6, the 4th birefringence optics flat board 7 all are the uniaxial crystal rectangular flat plate, and its size and orientation are identical.The geometric configuration of analyzing birefringence flat board 8 is the uniaxial crystal rectangular flat plate.The plane of incidence and the exit facet perpendicular to light going direction of the first birefringence optics flat board 3, the second birefringence optics flat board 4, the 3rd birefringence optics flat board 6, the 4th birefringence optics dull and stereotyped 7 and analyzing birefringence flat board 8 are the optical polish face, its direction of optic axis is θ, be defined as the angle of o light wave normal direction and optical axis, therefore the angle of e light and o light is α, and the plane of o light and e light is the long side direction of the plane of incidence.Optical axis, o light and e light and are defined as the principal section of birefringence optics flat board in a plane.
Signal beams 1 incides the bottom of the first birefringence optics flat board 3, and its polarization direction is 45 ° of orientations.In crystal, signal beams 1 is decomposed into o light and e light and departs from mutually, forms two bundle parallel beam outputs.Local beam 2 incides the top of the second birefringence optics flat board 4, and its polarization direction is 45 ° of orientations.Local beam 2 is decomposed into o light part and e light part and departs from mutually in crystal, forms two bundle parallel beam outputs.The direction of optic axis of the dull and stereotyped 3 and second birefringence optics flat board 4 of the first birefringence optics is opposite, so the offset direction of their e light is opposite.
Produce phase delay from four road light beams of dull and stereotyped 4 outgoing of the dull and stereotyped 3 and second birefringence optics of the first birefringence optics that stacks by wave plate 5.The principal section that the fast axle of wave plate 5 or slow axis are parallel to the dull and stereotyped 3 or second birefringence optics flat board 4 of the first birefringence optics.
The principal section of dull and stereotyped the 6 and the 4th birefringence optics flat board 7 of the 3rd birefringence optics that stacks is perpendicular to the principal section of the dull and stereotyped 3 and second birefringence optics flat board 4 of the first birefringence optics, and the direction of optic axis of dull and stereotyped the 6 and the 4th birefringence optics flat board 7 of the 3rd birefringence optics is opposite.Two-way light beam by wave plate 5 tops spatially synthetic one the tunnel is exported through the 3rd birefringence optics flat board 6, and spatially synthetic one the tunnel exports through the 4th birefringence optics flat board 7 by the two-way light beam of wave plate 5 bottoms.
The principal section of analyzing birefringence flat board 8 is the plane that optical axis and crystal interface normal are determined, with the principal section placement at 45 of birefringence optics flat board 6.The light beam of dull and stereotyped 7 outputs of the 4th birefringence optics produces the o light light beam 9 and the e light light beam 10 of apart by analyzing birefringence dull and stereotyped 8.The light beam of dull and stereotyped 6 outputs of the 3rd birefringence optics produces the o light light beam 11 and the e light light beam 12 of apart by analyzing birefringence dull and stereotyped 8.Promptly exporting four tunnel synthetic light beams, is 2 * 4 light bridges.
Under the general feelings brother, the BEAM SQUINT of o light and e light should adopt the maximization design.Be that direction of optic axis is:
To obtain the maximum deviation angle is:
Corresponding light beam maximum separation distance is:
ΔL＝Dtanα
m
Under the maximum deviation condition, the phase delay of the dull and stereotyped intracrystalline o light of calcite birefringence is:
And the phase delay of e light is
Order
With
Be respectively the o light in dull and stereotyped the 6 and the 4th birefringence optics flat board 7 of the first birefringence optics flat board, 3, the second birefringence optics flat boards, 4, the three birefringence optics and the phase delay of e light, and design:
Order
With
Be the phase delay of wave plate 5 in dull and stereotyped 3 principal section vertical direction of the first birefringence optics and principal section, design wave plate 5 is λ/8 wave plates, promptly
Therefore, the light intensity of light beam 9, light beam 10, light beam 11 and light beam 12 is respectively:
Wherein, | A
1| and | A
2| be the field intensity of light beam 1 and light beam 2;
With
Frequency for light beam 1 and light beam 2;
Phase modulation function for light beam 1;
With
Be the light beam 1 of light bridge input end and the initial phase of light beam 2.As seen: birefringence free space optical bridge of the present invention has the four-way output of 90 degree phase shifts.From the output face to the photodetector, also can add the transition optical system.
Key problem in technology of the present invention is: process a monoblock birefringence optics flat board earlier, cut into birefringence optics flat board 3, birefringence optics flat board 4, birefringence optics flat board 6, birefringence optics flat board 7 by thickness then, to guarantee theirs
It is all identical,
All identical.
The crystal of the birefringence optics flat board of birefringence free space optical bridge of the present invention can adopt kalzit, vanadic acid yttrium, α-BBO, lithium niobate, perhaps other crystal.Following table has been enumerated some typical crystal and parameters thereof.
| Kind of crystalline | Refractive index | Remarks |
| The Calcite kalzit | n o＝1.6557 n e＝1.4852 @630nm | Negative single axial birefringence nature crystal |
| YVO4 vanadic acid yttrium | n o＝1.9929 n e＝2.2154 @630nm | Positive single axial birefringence artificial lens |
| α-BBO | n o＝1.67755 n e＝1.60206 @532nm | Negative single axial birefringence artificial lens |
| LiNbO3 lithium niobate (congruent growth) | n o＝2.28647 n e＝2.20240 @632.8nm | Artificial negative single axial birefringence and electro-optic crystal |
Signal beams 1 is identical with the diameter of local beam 2, and the diameter of establishing them is d.Therefore, the first birefringence optics flat board 3, the second birefringence optics flat board 4, the plane of incidence of dull and stereotyped the 6 and the 4th birefringence optics flat board 7 of the 3rd birefringence optics and the thickness of exit facet are 〉=d that width is 〉=2d that their length is
The plane of incidence of analyzing birefringence flat board 8 and the thickness of exit facet are
, width is 〉=2d that length is
As Fig. 1 is the structural representation of one embodiment of the present of invention.Signal beams 1 is the collimated light beam of laser communication terminal telescopic system outgoing, and light beam 2 is local oscillation laser beams, and control becomes the collimated light beam that is parallel to each other before birefringence free space optical bridge of the present invention.
The first birefringence optics flat board 3, the second birefringence optics flat board 4, dull and stereotyped the 6 and the 4th birefringence optics dull and stereotyped 7 of the 3rd birefringence optics and analyzing birefringence flat board 8 all adopt calcite crystal in the present embodiment, and take to maximize the BEAM SQUINT design.
Light beam 1 incides the bottom of the first birefringence optics flat board 3, above the formation be e light and below be two bundle parallel beams outputs of o light.Light beam 2 incides the top of the second birefringence optics flat board 4, above the formation be o light and below be two bundle parallel beams outputs of e light.The dull and stereotyped principal section of the polarization direction of light beam 1 and light beam 2 and birefringence optics in angle of 45 degrees.In the dull and stereotyped principal section of birefringence optics the synoptic diagram of direction of optic axis and BEAM SQUINT as shown in Figure 2, the direction of optic axis of first birefringence optics flat board, the 3 and second birefringence optics flat board 4 is opposite, so the offset direction of their e light is opposite.
Pass through wave plate 5 to produce phase delay from four road light beams of dull and stereotyped 4 outgoing of the dull and stereotyped 3 and second birefringence optics of the first birefringence optics.The principal section that the fast axle of wave plate 5 or slow axis are parallel to the dull and stereotyped 3 or second birefringence optics flat board 4 of the first birefringence optics, wave plate 5 is λ/8 wave plates.
The principal section of dull and stereotyped the 6 and the 4th birefringence optics flat board 7 of the 3rd birefringence optics that stacks is perpendicular to the principal section of the dull and stereotyped 3 and second birefringence optics flat board 4 of the first birefringence optics, and the direction of optic axis of dull and stereotyped the 6 and the 4th birefringence optics flat board 7 of the 3rd birefringence optics is opposite.Two-way light beam by wave plate 5 tops spatially synthetic one the tunnel is exported through the 3rd birefringence optics flat board 6, and spatially synthetic one the tunnel exports through the 4th birefringence optics flat board 7 by the two-way light beam of wave plate 5 bottoms.
The principal section of analyzing birefringence flat board 8 becomes 45 degree to place with the principal section of birefringence optics flat board 6.The light beam of dull and stereotyped 7 outputs of the 4th birefringence optics by the o light polarization of the dull and stereotyped 8 generation apart of analyzing birefringence the compound light beam 9 of signal and local oscillator corrugated and the compound light beam 10 of signal and local oscillator corrugated of e light polarization.The light beam of dull and stereotyped 6 outputs of the 3rd birefringence optics by the o light polarization of the dull and stereotyped 8 generation apart of analyzing birefringence the compound light beam 11 of signal and local oscillator corrugated and the compound light beam 12 of signal and local oscillator corrugated of e light polarization.Two corrugateds of every road light beam produce polarization interference, obtain the synthetic light output of four tunnel relative 90 degree phase shifts, belong to 2 * 4 optics bridges.
The light beam 1 among the embodiment and the diameter of light beam 2 are φ 3mm.The physical dimension of the first birefringence optics flat board 3, the second birefringence optics flat board 4, dull and stereotyped the 6 and the 4th birefringence optics flat board 7 of the 3rd birefringence optics is identical, is that a monoblock calcite birefringence optical flat forms by the thickness cutting.Refractive index mean value with calcite crystal considers that the direction of optic axis of birefringence optics flat board is θ
m=41.85 °, the largest beam irrelevance is
Dull and stereotyped the 6 and the 4th birefringence optics flat board 7 of the first birefringence optics flat board 3, the second birefringence optics flat board 4, the 3rd birefringence optics be designed and sized to length * highly * width=40mm * 10mm * 5mm, the size of separation of o light and e light is 4.4mm.Wave plate 5 is of a size of 10mm * 10mm.
Analyzing birefringence flat board 8 be designed and sized to length * highly * width=40mm * 12mm * 12mm, direction of optic axis is θ
m=41.85 °.The largest beam irrelevance is
。Neighbor distance between output beam 9 and output beam 10 or output beam 11 and the output beam 12 is 4.4mm, and the neighbor distance between output beam 9 and output beam 11 or output beam 10 and the output beam 12 is 6.2mm.
The experiment proved that the advantage such as birefringence free space optical bridge of the present invention has simple and compact for structure, and is stable and reliable for performance, and loss is little. And not only can for the coherent communication system of free-space propagation, also can be used in the coherent communication system of spread fiber.
Claims (6)
1. birefringence free space optical bridge, it is characterized in that constituting and comprise that material is identical, the first birefringence optics flat board (3) of the rectangle single axial birefringence crystal that physical dimension is identical, the second birefringence optics flat board (4), the 3rd birefringence optics flat board (6) and the 4th birefringence optics flat board (7), the direction of optic axis of the described first birefringence optics flat board (3) and the second birefringence optics flat board (4) is opposite and stack and form the first folded piece, the direction of optic axis of described the 3rd birefringence optics flat board (6) and the 4th birefringence optics flat board (7) is opposite and stack and form the second folded piece, one wave plate (5) and an analyzing birefringence flat board (8), the position relation of above-mentioned each component is: the direct of travel along light is the described first folded piece successively, wave plate (5), second folded piece and the analyzing birefringence flat board (8), the described first birefringence optics flat board (3), the principal section of the second birefringence optics flat board (4) and the 3rd birefringence optics flat board (6), the principal section of the 4th birefringence optics flat board (7) is vertical mutually, the principal section that the fast axle of described wave plate (5) or slow axis are parallel to the described first folded piece, the principal section placement at 45 of the principal section of described analyzing birefringence flat board (8) and the 3rd birefringence optics flat board 6, the optical axis of described birefringence optics flat board be oriented to θ, be the angle of o light wave normal direction and optical axis, the principal section of birefringence optics flat board is an optical axis, o light and the residing common plane of e light.
2. birefringence free space optical bridge according to claim 1 is characterized in that the plane of incidence and the exit facet perpendicular to light going direction of the described first birefringence optics flat board (3), the second birefringence optics flat board (4), the 3rd birefringence optics flat board (6), the 4th birefringence optics flat board (7) and analyzing birefringence flat board (8) is the optical polish face.
3. birefringence free space optical bridge according to claim 1 is characterized in that described single axial birefringence crystal is kalzit, vanadic acid gadolinium, α-BBO or lithium columbate crystal.
4. birefringence free space optical bridge according to claim 1, the plane of incidence that it is characterized in that the described first birefringence optics flat board (3), the second birefringence optics flat board (4), the 3rd birefringence optics flat board (6) and the 4th birefringence optics flat board (7) to the thickness of exit facet is 〉=d, width is 〉=2d that their length is
, wherein d is the diameter of signal beams (1) and local beam (2), α is the angle of o light and e light.
5. birefringence free space optical bridge according to claim 1, the plane of incidence that it is characterized in that described analyzing birefringence flat board (8) to the thickness of exit facet is
, width is 〉=2d that length is
Wherein d is the diameter of signal beams 1 and local beam 2, and α is the angle of o light and e light.
6. birefringence free space optical bridge according to claim 1 is characterized in that described wave plate (5) is 1/8 wave plate.
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