CN100383487C - High precision vernier caliper - Google Patents
High precision vernier caliper Download PDFInfo
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- CN100383487C CN100383487C CNB2005100174644A CN200510017464A CN100383487C CN 100383487 C CN100383487 C CN 100383487C CN B2005100174644 A CNB2005100174644 A CN B2005100174644A CN 200510017464 A CN200510017464 A CN 200510017464A CN 100383487 C CN100383487 C CN 100383487C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a high-precision vernier caliper which belongs to a measuring tool of a slide caliper class. The high-precision vernier caliper is characterized in that an inclined guideway with a certain angle is arranged in a caliper frame and combined into a whole with the caliper frame, and a main caliper moves longitudinally in the caliper to generate the lifting movement; the upper plane of the main caliper is the measuring jaw surface of the main caliper, and the measuring jaw surface is matched with one or a plurality of measuring jaw surfaces on the caliper frame to complete the measurement of a work piece or a part. The high-precision vernier caliper has a full-range micrometer function, is especially suitable for carrying out the accurate measurement of high-precision parts which are difficult to measure by common calipers and micrometer calipers in machine building, has a strong adaptability to the manufacturing environment and is especially applied to front line workshops.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of vernier caliper class measurer, be mainly used in precision measurement external diameter and thickness etc.
Background technology:
Product introduction through relevant publication catalogue such as internet retrieval patent documentation and " tool technique ", " machine-building ", " mechanical engineer " and domestic measurer manufacturer is not all found and a kind of vernier caliper of similar of the present invention.
In the prior art, well-known, domestic and international widely used vernier caliper, what read vernier groove formula is that the measuring accuracy of 0.02mm is the highest with the scale division value, and its readable value is 0.02mm, and the error of indication is that measuring error is ± 0.02mm; Though the readable value of digital display calliper is 0.01mm, the error of indication reaches ± 0.03mm, and measurement range is big more, and their error of indication is big more.
Though advantages such as that above-mentioned slide calliper rule all have is simple in structure, easy to use, of many uses, price is lower, measurement range is big, its measuring accuracy all are spaced apart the common milscale of 25mm specification not as good as general scale range.Such the most widely used milscale, readable value are 0.01mm, and the error of indication of primes 0-25mm specification is ± 0.004mm.Lever-type micrometer that measuring accuracy is higher and passameter class and micron milscale, the elaboration of genus milscale class, the error of indication is ± 0.002mm.But because readable micrometer scope or range is limited and the restriction of factor such as price height, in a line workshop of general enterprise utilization not general, mostly be checker's use greatly with allegedlying.
Because precision measuringtoll, amount instrument class most price is higher or expensive and the micrometer scope is less, have to all multifactor existence such as a line production environment are difficult to adapt to, make forward digitizing, at a high speed, in the line workshop of the machinery manufacturing industry that develops of efficient, high-precision direction, have many workpiece that should use precision measuringtoll to measure usually to be forced to use the high-acruracy survey that vernier caliper or general milscale go to waste time and energy and difficulty is very big by the Common Difference ﹠ Cooperation class requirement.This not only influences product quality, also hinders the further raising of throughput rate.These all general measurer precise treatment technical developments lag behind and cause.
Purpose of the present invention just is to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, and a kind of simple in structure, durable and special vernier caliper that can be applicable to that line Workshop Production personnel and checker etc. use is provided.The starting point of the minimum design standards of this chi is readable value 0.002mm, and the error of indication should be ± 0.002mm; Than high measurement accuracy, readable value just enters the zone beyond the micron.
The present invention realizes like this.
Vernier caliper of the present invention, mainly by main scale, chi frame and on secondary chi etc. form.Top, chi frame left side overhang left is divided into measuring jaw.This measuring jaw can have one or more measuring jaw faces, and measuring jaw faces down.When a plurality of measuring jaw face was arranged, measuring jaw faced down to the lower right to stepped distribution, and each measuring jaw face is parallel to each other.The surface rail that contacts with the main scale lower bevel in the chi frame tilts to the lower right, and the angle of inclination size is identical with the main scale bevel angle, direction is opposite.When the left zero line of the secondary chi of installing on the left adjacent line of main scale and the chi frame alignd, there was certain vertical space on the last plane of main scale with last interplanar in the chi frame relative with it, and it is lift that this spatial altitude is slightly larger than the rising value that designs for main scale.On the main scale on plane and the chi frame baseplane of the last plane in each measuring jaw face, the chi frame and chi frame parallel, vertical with chi frame inwall and each guide plate, spigot surface.The plane is also vertical with two sides of main scale own and both ends of the surface on the main scale.The groove that to be carved with the same spacing with common calliper on the main scale be 1mm, but wiring direction distributes from right to left along main scale hypotenuse vergence direction, and the ratio between the length line regularity of distribution and the line length is all with reference to existing vernier caliper value.Arabic numeral on main scale and the secondary chi are all arranged by numerical values recited from right to left.Orientation is opposite with existing slide calliper rule and allow to occur decimal.The vernier scale division value is got in existing slide calliper rule scope.The groove of main scale and secondary chi, when the surface rail in main scale and chi frame was got angle value with sine function, groove all should be perpendicular to the hypotenuse of main scale, and during with the tan value, groove must be perpendicular to the last plane of main scale.The last plane of main scale is the measuring jaw face on the main scale.
The quantity of measuring jaw face can be one or morely on the chi frame, and the tangent or the sine value of the used angle of this chi are more little, and the measuring jaw face can establish that number is many more, and the measuring jaw face is many more, and total scale range is big more.Measuring jaw overhangs, and long more to establish the measuring jaw face many more for length.On the appropriate location of this chi chi frame baseplane, can process two primary screw holes, supply mounting support spare in case of necessity, this chi be stood up be used for measuring.
Drop between the measuring jaw face equates, and equals lift that main scale drafts respectively for best.Because with regard to many measuring jaw faces, scale range just can enlarge like this.
The maximal value decision main scale maximum lift value of the transversal displacement amount that main scale allows in the chi frame.The optimal lateral displacement length value that main scale is used to measure is the distance between the zero line of main scale two ends, and this distance takes advantage of the tangent value of the used acute angle correspondence of this chi to equal to draft the lift of main scale.When getting equal angular, the main scale net lift is big more, and scale range is big more.
On the chi frame on the side, top of measuring jaw face, indicate the measurement range of this measuring jaw face, as when marking number and being 40-50mm, represent that then this measuring jaw face can be surveyed ￠ 40-￠ 50 or thickness is workpiece or the part of 40mm-50mm, mark 0-10mm, then expression can be measured the workpiece of 0-10mm size or part etc., by that analogy.In fact reserved a part of length of stretching out guide rail because of the main scale front end, each measuring jaw face all can be measured the part that is a bit larger tham its maximum detection value.
When main scale left end zero line alignd with secondary chi left side zero line, the last plane of main scale was the measuring jaw face of main scale, and the vertical range between each measuring jaw face on the chi frame, was the maximum detection value of each measuring jaw face top mark.For example: when choosing this chi oblique angle with tangent value 0.1 or 0.05, measuring jaw face on the chi frame is if there is the less measurement range value of mark, as 0-10mm, 0-5mm or the like, when then main scale moved to main scale the right zero line and aligns with secondary chi left side zero line in the chi frame, to be its measuring jaw face should be the school zero condition that no gap contacts with 0-10mm, 0-5mm measuring jaw face on the chi frame on the last plane of main scale.On this moment main scale on plane and the chi frame vertical range between other measuring jaw face be the minimum detectable range value that marks above other measuring jaw face.
The tangent value at the pitch angle of the inclined-plane of main scale and chi frame inner guide rail or sine value can comprise 0.1 level off to by 0.1 and choose in 0 the value, should preferentially select 0.1,0.05,0.01,0.005,0.001,0.0001 etc. for use.
Below be main scale face array method example:
To get the used tangent value of angle be 0.1 o'clock to surface rail in the inclined-plane of the main scale of a kind of vernier caliper of the present invention and the chi frame, and when drafting lift and being 10mm, the numeral on the main scale centimetre line from left to right is:
12、11、0、9、8、7、6、5、4、3、2、1、0。
When drafting lift and being 20mm, the numeral on centimetre line is:
23、22、21、0、19、18、17、16、15、14、13、12、11、10、9、8、7、6、5、4、3、2、1、0。
Tangent value is 0.01 o'clock, and when drafting lift and being 1mm, the numeral on centimetre line is:
1.5、1.4、1.3、1.2、1.1、0、0.9、0.8、0.7、0.6、0.5、0.4、0.3、0.2、0.1、0。
Tangent value is 0.01 o'clock, if the main scale lift when being 2mm on the main scale centimetre line numeral be:
2.3、2.2、2.1、0、1.9、1.8、1.7、1.6、1.5、1.4、1.3、1.2、1.1、1.0、0.9、0.8、0.7、0.6、0.5、0.4、0.3、0.2、0.1、0。
When getting the angle with tangent value 0.05, when main scale was drafted lift and is 5mm, the numeral on the main scale centimetre line was arranged as from left to right:
7、6.5、6、5.5、0、4.5、4、3.5、3、2.5、2、1.5、1、0.5、0。
When getting the angle with tangent value 0.005, when main scale was drafted lift and is 0.5mm, then the numeral on the main scale centimetre line was from left to right:
0.7、0.65、0.6、0.55、0、0.45、0.4、0.35、0.3、0.25、0.2、0.15、0.1、0.05、0。
In a word, from above-mentioned the giving an example of vernier caliper of the present invention, the array rule as can be seen from the main scale centimetre line, its numerical values recited, with the used oblique angle of surface rail in main scale and the chi frame is that the size of the corresponding tangent value of acute angle size is relevant, promptly eyes left the centimetre length reference numerals on centimetre line from main scale right zero line, the true length of the several times millimeter of its representative had all been taken advantage of the used tangent of an angle value of this vernier caliper, so see that it is some corresponding millimeters units that number is all read when reading.
The design of a kind of vernier caliper of the present invention, on the inclined-plane, move and to rise or the decline principle according to object, the principle that has accurate tangent or sine function relation in the utilization right-angle triangle between limit and limit and limit and the angle, look baseplane with the last parallel plane chi frame of main scale, adjacent side for the oblique angle of the surface rail of slide calliper rule chi frame of the present invention, surface rail is a hypotenuse, and the end face of chi frame lower left quarter is an opposite side.Because of used oblique angle is very little, so main scale bigger transversal displacement amount on the surface rail in the chi frame is also less to the influence of its rising displacement.Its rising shift value is that the acute angle size is closely related with this oblique angle simultaneously also.When getting the angle with tangent value, its rising value equals the tangent value that its transversal displacement amount multiply by chi frame surface rail oblique angle; During with sine function design oblique angle size, then the displacement that equals on surface rail of main scale ascending amount is taken advantage of sine function.Get the angle with the tan value at oblique angle and be advisable, make things convenient for reading.
Vernier caliper of the present invention, used angle of bevel is more little, and measuring accuracy is high more.Use the degree of accuracy of the readable value that existing vernier caliper groove principle and vernier scale division value determined more little because be reflected in the present invention to readable value degree of accuracy influence of the present invention.Being that 0.1 oblique angle of getting surface rail is an example with tangent value: when slide calliper rule of the present invention selected for use the vernier scale division value to be 0.02, the readable value degree of accuracy of the secondary chi of slide calliper rule of the present invention was scale division value * tga=0.02mm * 0.1=0.002mm.In like manner, if the tangent value of selected guide rail angle is 0.01, then the readable value degree of accuracy of slide calliper rule of the present invention should be 0.02mm * 0.01=0.0002mm.Obviously, although not good enough because of eyesight, on secondary chi, not see any bar line clearly and really aim at groove on the main scale, caused error is also very little.As: wrong the 3rd line in the right zero line left side on the secondary chi regarded as the 5th line groove on the main scale that alignd, when promptly Nong Cuo reading value is 0.1mm-0.06mm=0.04mm, the 0.04mm of mutiread be multiply by oblique angle tangent value 0.01, and the error amount of the real reader slide calliper rule gained that promptly causes just has only 0.04mm * 0.01=0.0004mm.And for existing vernier caliper when the value of mispronouncing is 0.04mm, the actual error value of reading is 0.04mm.This shows, vernier caliper of the present invention, when to adopt tangent value be 0.01 oblique angle, in fact readable value degree of accuracy had been 100 times of the existing readable value degree of accuracy of slide calliper rule.With this principle popularizing, change slide calliper rule guide rail angle of bevel of the present invention, can make readable value degree of accuracy be geometric series easily and improve.
Vernier caliper of the present invention is not limited to accompanying drawing 1 example, and the main direction that the digital row of falling on its structure, design concept, utilization foundation, using method and the major and minor chi is described by Fig. 1 etc. are so that check.With regard to Fig. 1 example, this chi also can form the specification of various different measuring scopes as common milscale.As common milscale, generally be designed to specifications such as 0-25mm, 25-50mm, 50-75mm, Fig. 1 vernier caliper also can form specifications such as 0-30mm (referring to the area size that this footage measuring jaw planar survey scope contains), 30-60mm, 60-90mm, 90-120mm.As Fig. 1 chi length between main scale two zero lines is increased to 200mm, making the main scale lift is 20mm, the upper space of main scale in the chi frame is increased to 21mm, the also corresponding increasing of other size of chi frame, and then minimum starting chi type can be 0-60mm, 60-120mm, 120-160mm or the like.The diameter of surveying big more, the measuring jaw face is few more, is one the most after a little while.When the chi type was bigger or too big, the measuring jaw part that overhangs on the chi frame can be designed to arcs of recesses with reference to common milscale, to increase useful space, holds the outer round surface of tested big workpiece.Plane relative with plane on the main scale in the chi frame is to this chi frame baseplane part, and form is constant, only up-sizing.
Other as: get the vernier caliper at angle with tangent such as 0.05,0.01,0.005,0.001,0.0001 or sine value, also can form seriation, the specification kind that form the measurement range difference, comes in every shape with reference to said method.Such as also having only a blade vertically upward on chi frame top, have on the blade the same chi frame of height gauge and on measuring jaw, increase measurement range by check and correction gauge rod or gauge block.This measuring jaw can be designed to and chi frame one, and what also can be detachable is fixed on chi frame top or left side suitable position.Certainly the present invention can also adopt other form, and such as with these slide calliper rule counting principle, the reading device that will be made of secondary chi changes the digital display reading device that has been adopted by digital display calliper in the prior art into.This reading device is formed by holding grid or grating sensor and special IC.These slide calliper rule can be realized the digitizing demonstration and the metric and English conversion of high-acruracy survey and measurement result like this.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of example chi of vernier caliper of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that the pronunciation of this example is with reference to figure;
Fig. 3 also is that the pronunciation of example is with reference to figure;
Fig. 4 also is that the pronunciation of example is with reference to figure;
Fig. 5 also is that the pronunciation of example is with reference to figure;
Fig. 6 is the reading device structural representation of another kind of example;
Below illustrate in greater detail the structure and the using method of one embodiment of the present of invention by accompanying drawing.
By Fig. 1 example chi as seen, the reading device of forming by this chi main scale 1 and secondary chi 20, though the groove on the chi face all perpendicular to the last plane of main scale 1 and the baseplane of chi frame, its wiring direction is all consistent with the vergence direction of the surface rail 17 of 6 li of chi frames.Array on centimetre line is a starting point with the right zero line all, increases progressively successively from right to left, and is opposite with the orientation of common calliper.Though therefore main scale left side zero line is not interrupted by the numerical order that this zero line is arranged left in occupation of 10 position.The main scale left end stretch out beyond the surface rail 17 (because of drawing limited, picture shorter.), actual extension elongation should be not less than the main scale left side zero line distance between centimetre finishing line of institute's cloth extremely left, with the size before the semi-finishing that this chi effective range is extended to ￠ 30 measured workpieces.
Be the precision-fit state between main scale 1 two sides and chi frame wall and guide plate 15, second guide plate 7, the 3rd guide plate 25, the surface rail 17 that main scale 1 inclined-plane and chi frame are 6 li is two inclined-plane contact conditions, in main scale 1 gathering sill 2, be combined with the guide cylinder face that the front end of screw 23 cooperates with gathering sill 2, adjust screw (should be milled screw) 4 front ends narrow groove is arranged, reed 27 is arranged in the groove, adjust screw 4 and compress reed 27, can lock in optional position in the chi frame to main scale 1.Guide plate 25 is pressed on the chi frame up and down on the side by the bottom screw of screw 5 and guide plate (unnumbered).The structure of guide plate 7 and effect and guide plate 25 are just the same.Be overhung at chi frame 6 upper left parts and be measuring jaw 11 with chi frame one.Have on the measuring jaw 11 from the left front to 12,10,9 measuring jaw faces of the stepped distribution in right back, above each measuring jaw face, indicate its measurement range.And each measuring jaw face drop is the lift range value of main scale 1.Each measuring jaw face all with the last plane parallel of main scale 1 of its below, measuring jaw side and main scale parallel sided, measuring jaw 11 left front end faces do not allow to exceed the left side of chi frame surface rail 17, when guaranteeing under this measuring jaw measuring workpieces, make ergometry fall within surface rail 17 and bear in the zone, avoid main scale 1 to bear and make the little power of sticking up in its right back.The long dotted line 16 of that inclination of stretching to surface rail 17 left sides of being blocked by main scale 1 left front portion, be with the chi frame in the parallel main scale back that is connected as a single entity with guide plate 7 front end chi frames of frame wall spigot surface 16 (should change be depicted as with its opposite guide plate 15 the same high, stretch to and the fair enhancing guidance capability of sentencing in guide plate 15 left sides by chi frame wall front end always, dirty and messy so change lest drawing).Three screws identical with screw 14 are arranged on the guide plate 15, guide plate 15 is fixed on the surface rail side.Guide plate 15 the right are the sign of the tangent value at the used oblique angle of Fig. 1 slide calliper rule.The 17th, extended surface rail in the chi frame, the 20th, scale division value is 0.02 secondary chi, three Screws that secondary chi quilt is identical with 21 are fixed in chi frame 6 belows.The spigot surface that is installed in the guide plate 25 on the chi frame and illustrates with the with dashed lines 16 of chi frame one is with the necessary smooth precision of the surface of contact of main scale.Main scale should quench, and hardness must be high.Each measuring jaw face also can weld wimet to increase wearing quality on the last plane 3 of the main scale that is used to measure and the chi frame.In a word, each measuring jaw surface hardness is high more good more.When the left zero line alignment of the left zero line of main scale 1 and secondary chi 20, the vertical range on plane should be consistent with the maximum measurement range value of its sign on each measuring jaw face and the main scale on the chi frame.When the zero line alignment of a main scale right zero line and secondary chi left side, the plane is the distance between zero-clearance contact condition and 10, the 12 liang of measuring jaw faces on 0-10mm measuring jaw face 9 and the main scale, is respectively their minimum measurement range value.
Below narrate the using method of Fig. 1 example:
By Fig. 1 front view and A-A sectional view as can be known, main scale 1 is installed in chi frame 6 the insides.The spatial altitude on the last plane in the last plane carpenters square frame of main scale 1 is not less than main scale left side zero line distance between main scale 1 and the 0-10mm measuring jaw face when aliging with the left zero line of secondary chi.Adjusting has a reed 27 that approaches to be installed in the narrow groove on the spigot surface of guide plate 25 between screw 4 and main scale 1 side, tighten and adjust screw 4, reed tightly is locked in main scale in the chi frame, also can be used for the adjusting play, make the main scale another side be affixed on chi frame inwall.The face of cylinder of screw 23 front ends is stretched in the gathering sill 2 of main scale 1 side, can limit main scale to its improper rising in top, and main scale is shielded.Gathering sill 2 degree of tilt are consistent with main scale 1 degree of tilt, thus can not hinder main scale 1 horizontal when mobile to rising or descending.Spring shim 22 can prevent that guider screw is loosening, and can guarantee that guider screw stretches into the cylindrical end face contact guidance bottom land not all the time in the gathering sill 2, help main scale 1 and when measuring, not restricted by it, and transversal displacement easily.
When preparing to measure, new chi needn't be with adjusting screw 4,19, because of the precision-fit precision of each guide, face and main scale two sides can be guaranteed the moving-mass of main scale on surface rail.Below manufactured part is measured in demonstration on worktable.If the measured workpiece diameter less than ￠ 10, is fit to Fig. 1 example chi 0-10mm measuring jaw planar survey.
Refer to hold chi frame 6 back with left hand the 4th finger or three, thumb pinches guide plate 7 downsides or suitable place about it.Hand thumb and forefinger pinch main scale 1 thermal insulation barriers 24, and part is stood up.At first with 0-10mm measuring jaw face and guide plate 7 sides by piece surface, the right hand promotes main scale 1, and main scale is moved to the left front, so on the main scale rise in transversal displacement and move closer to workpiece in plane 3.During near workpiece, speed is slowed down, and the right hand is slightly felt resistance and increased, and promptly stops to promote main scale 1.This resistance shows that plane on the main scale has all contacted the part measured surface with measuring jaw face on the chi frame.This slight resistance is ergometry.But this moment direct reading main scale and secondary chi, major-minor chi reading sum is the accurate dimension of measured workpiece under this measuring jaw face, the error of indication is ± 0.002mm that readable value degree of accuracy is 0.002mm.Reading method is stated in addition.
In addition to the above methods, also chi frame 6 back planes can be lain on a certain planar object of worktable, workpiece is placed between the measuring jaw face, gently press or buttress workpiece and chi frame 6, promote main scale, as above finish to measure to move getting final product with the right hand with left hand.After having surveyed, main scale is pulled back into suitable position, measure next workpiece again, very convenient.
When inspected number was big, two little screws on the also available chi frame lower plane were vertically installed two parallel iron and this chi are stood up on worktable measure more convenient.This moment, left hand was held tested part, and the right hand is finished push pull maneuver.If survey ￠ 20-￠ 30 parts, at first main scale left side zero line is pulled to the right and surpasses secondary chi left side zero line one segment distance, make measuring jaw face and the right angle face vertical of 20-30mm under chi frame 6 measuring jaws be close to piece surface (generally being close to plane on the main scale) with this measuring jaw face, repeat above-mentioned action again, drive main scale with the right hand and finish measurement.Can not be firmly excessive, in order to avoid crush workpiece.During lining Noodles part, more do not allow firmly excessive, in order to avoid locking phenomenon appears in measuring jaw face and part interplanar.
On lathe, very convenient when directly measuring workpiece to be machined.As: when on cylindrical grinder, measuring 30 of the ￠ 20-￠ of clamping between two thimbles, can be on the upper surface of axle with the direct lodge of this chi 20-30mm measuring jaw face, left hand holds up the chi frame with perk on the chi Caudad.When main scale is in when being 20 ° of left and right sides with the ground level angle, the right hand promotes the supreme plane of main scale from the workpiece lower surface nearby, unclamp the main scale afterbody then and let alone the downslide component that produces by deadweight, overcome and chi frame surface rail between stiction after, moving on to contact the lower surface of measured workpiece automatically.So operational measure power can be very small, measures more accurate.
By example last a kind of method is used such chi, and its ergometry can be with perk angular dimension on the chi Caudad, control indiscriminately ad. as one wishes.In addition, this chi has been considered counterweight in position to be positioned at portion on the lower side to guarantee this chi center of gravity when design.Like this, when measuring jaw face lodge on the chi frame in measured workpiece when surface, deadweight just can allow measuring jaw face and measured workpiece upper surface be in the excellent contact state substantially.And the chi tail upwarps, and available main scale downslide component makes plane on the main scale finish the process that well contacts with the workpiece lower surface in the disappear mode in crack of automatic tracking simultaneously.These are all very favourable to high-acruracy survey, also help keeping for a long time the precision of this chi.This using method of this chi helps the utilization of China's machinery manufacturing industry one line workshop, directly carries out precision measurement cylindrical class workpiece on multi-class machine tool and numerically-controlled machine.To improve measuring accuracy, improving the quality of products, reduce production costs and reducing the non-cutting time that is used to measure all has realistic meaning.
This chi maintenance method and requirement are with reference to universal bevel protractor.
Points for attention:
1, can not when non-measurement state, this chi head chi frame measuring jaw be taken down.
2, only when adjusting screw 4 locking main scales, just allow to hold the chi frame and fall by this chi.
When 3, the plane was near measured surface on the main scale, it is slow that action is wanted, and the ergometry that applies is as far as possible little.
Below narrate the counting principle and the number reading method of vernier caliper of the present invention.
Counting principle:
With Fig. 1 example chi is example, and this chi belongs to the veriety that vernier caliper of the present invention is got angle tangent value maximum.Bigger because of getting angle, so precision is lower, its readable value is 0.002mm, and indicating accuracy is ± 0.002mm.Main scale ruling span and secondary chi the ruling span all common slide calliper rule with 0.02 vernier scale division value are identical, and readable value precision and indicating accuracy improve ten times than above-mentioned common calliper.
As seen, the numeral on the main scale centimetre line all begins reversed arrangement from small to large from its right zero line from the array of Fig. 1 main scale and secondary chi, to left zero line place still to the continuous row in left front.Obviously, shared centimetre of line position of left zero line should be 10.Numeral on the secondary chi also is ascending arrangement from right to left.In a word, watch array layout of the reading device that this chi is made of main scale 1 and secondary chi 20 etc. in addition, all run counter to the principle of design of existing vernier caliper, it is somewhat nondescript to seem, but these measures all are in order to reach the purpose of the same direct-reading measured workpiece size with existing vernier caliper.Main scale 1 is eliminated by the method for digit reverse arrangement and reverse this chi main scale of backward read and secondary chi automatically because of the horizontal ascending amount that produces that moves on surface rail in the chi frame, can be removed from the calculating that subtracts the main scale ascending amount again.Make the speed that reads the measured workpiece size the same with existing slide calliper rule quick.Wherein, when also aliging with main scale and secondary chi left side zero line, the distance on the last plane of 6 li main scales 1 of chi frame and the chi frame 6 between each measuring jaw face, it is relevant all to equal the maximum detection value range that indicates on each measuring jaw face.Because when 20 liang of left zero lines of main scale 1 and secondary chi alignd, this chi was in state to be measured substantially.Move backward just as the measuring jaw face on the common slide calliper rule chi frame this moment, drawn back distance with fixing measuring jaw face, and chi frame upstream target left side zero line pointed to main scale plurality word on one's body.Being reflected on the slide calliper rule of the present invention then just the opposite, is that the fixedly measuring jaw face on removable measuring jaw (measuring jaw face) and the chi frame of main scale has drawn back distance.Promote the chi frame during common kind of calliper, make removable measuring jaw on the chi frame near workpiece, zero line sensing main scale numeral on one's body in the secondary chi of a vernier caliper left side is more and more littler simultaneously, until the readable numeral of reading respectively again behind the equal contact workpiece of measuring jaw face on blade and the secondary chi, the addition of two groups of numerals just is the size of measured workpiece.And slide calliper rule of the present invention by its continuous rising on surface rail in the chi frame, the last plane of main scale and the lower surface of measured workpiece are moved closer to, and the numeral on the main scale 1 of the left zero line indication of secondary chi are also more and more littler when promoting main scale 1 and being moved to the left.Main scale 1 is in the transversal displacement process, and the left zero line of secondary chi is equivalent to the vernier left side zero line of common slide calliper rule, and it is the same constantly to abandon main scale big number on one's body at the chi frame in the workpiece moving process, is also constantly abandoning the main scale 1 big number on centimetre line on one's body.And by the total length value actual value that the secondary chi of these slide calliper rule left side zero line is abandoned left, be main scale 1 to workpiece near the transversal displacement amount in the process, also be that this transversal displacement amount multiply by the rising value that surface rail is selected tangent of an angle value gained for use.Therefore, but but behind the reading value and the reading value addition on the secondary chi that main scale 1 is left on one's body, multiply by this chi again and get the tangent value that the angle is used, promptly get the measured value of measured workpiece under the 0-10mm measuring jaw face.During as the 10-20mm in usefulness Fig. 1 chi, 20-30mm measuring jaw planar survey large-size, the reading of then above-mentioned chi face adds the minimum value of the range of above-mentioned two measuring jaw faces more respectively.Reason is: when main scale 1 right zero line and secondary chi left side zero line align, become the zero-clearance contact condition between the last plane of main scale 1 and the 0-10mm measuring jaw face, and and between the 10-20mm measuring jaw face apart from being 10mm, and between the 20-30mm measuring jaw face apart from being 20mm.In a word, equal on main scale 1 and the secondary chi reading sum at measured workpiece measured value under each measuring jaw face and add the minimum value that marks on each measuring jaw face.The minimum value that marks because of 0-10mm measuring jaw face is 0, so major and minor chi reading sum is the size of measured workpiece.
Number reading method:
Numeral on the major and minor chi of these slide calliper rule, ascending, back annotation from right to left is so read from right to left.Numeral on these slide calliper rule centimetre line is considered as being translated into the number of taking advantage of again after millimeter numeral after the used tan value of this chi without exception.The numeral that reads on the main scale 1 is the numeral on the nearest centimetre line in zero line the right, a secondary chi left side, and the unit of reading is a millimeter.For example, the nearest centimetre line in zero line the right, a secondary chi left side is 5, then reads to after this centimetre of 5mm. line to the millimeter on the main scale between the zero line of a secondary chi left side need multiply by this chi tangent value, again with the 5mm addition of having read.As the oblique angle tangent value is Fig. 5 example of 0.1, and the nearest centimetre line numeral in secondary chi zero line right side, a left side is 6, and this 6 promptly reads to be 6mm, 6 and left zero line between 9 millimeter lines are arranged, 9mm * 0.1=0.9mm then, the readable precise figures on the main scale are 6.9mm like this.The number less than 1mm that this fashion has or not method to read then reads from secondary chi.Pronunciation is also the same with common calliper, but must read from right to left, gets 0.46, should be with 0.46 * 0.1=0.046mm.Use 10-20mm measuring jaw face as this chi, then final measured value is 6.9mm+0.046mm+10mm=16.946mm.So can simplify pronunciation, will read on the secondary chi double figures read after directly coming the main scale reading.But also must remember following rule; During less than 1mm, the secondary chi of centimetre line-spacing at institute reading word place left side zero line is very near, as has only about 0.5mm, should read centimetre line on add radix point and one 0 after the numeral and occupy tenths, as 8.0mm, 3.0mm.This reading from right to left also is applicable to that oblique angle tangent value or sine value are the vernier caliper of the present invention of series such as 0.01,0.001,0.0001 to the double figures in line method in main scale institute reading value after of read on the secondary chi.
Below serve as to read example with Fig. 2,3,4,5.Adopt Fig. 1 example chi during measurement, the oblique angle tangent value is 0.1, selects 0-10mm measuring jaw face for use.
From the planar condition of Fig. 2 chi, main scale left side zero line aligns with secondary chi left side zero line, secondary chi reading is 0, show that the distance between main scale and 0-10mm measuring jaw face is 10mm, so the measured workpiece dimensional measurements is 10mm, according to aforementioned, Fig. 1 chi error of indication is ± 0.002mm that this workpiece physical size should be between 9.998 to 10.002mm as can be known.
Fig. 3: read from right to left, secondary chi left side zero line has been aimed at 9 centimetre groove of being denoted as on the main scale, reads to be 9mm, and secondary chi reading is 0, so the measured value of measured workpiece is 9mm.
Fig. 4; Read from right to left, zero line right side, a secondary chi left side is 8mm near its main scale on centimetre line, continues to read a millimeter line left, finds out that the 7th millimeter line aim at secondary chi left side zero line, so the main scale reading is 8.7mm, secondary chi reading is 0.But direct-reading parts measurement value is 8.700mm.
Fig. 5: read from right to left, the nearest centimetre line numeral in secondary chi zero line right side, a left side is 6, and this 6 promptly reads to be 6mm, continues to read a millimeter line left, and the zero line indication of a secondary chi left side is approximately 9.5 millimeter, so can only read 6.9mm from main scale.Read secondary chi then from right to left, find on the secondary chi between 4 and 5 that the 3rd groove aimed at a certain groove on the main scale left, pronunciation is also the same with common calliper, but read from right to left, 0.46, with 46 in line after the main scale reading, 6.946mm.This value is the actual measurement workpiece size under the 0-10mm measuring jaw face.Use 10-20mm measuring jaw face as this chi, then should add 10mm again, then final measured value is 16.946mm.In like manner, use 20-30mm measuring jaw face as this chi, then should add 20mm again, then final measured value is 26.946mm.By that analogy, can learn the number reading method of such slide calliper rule bigger than Fig. 1 example chi measurement range.For example, same oblique angle tangent value is such slide calliper rule of 0.1, and establishing the main scale lift is 20mm, and the measurement range of minimum single order measuring jaw face mark is 120-140mm on the chi frame, single order measuring jaw planar survey scope is 140-160mm above it, and the correction gauge rod that should use gauge block or this slide calliper rule to provide for oneself is proofreaied and correct this slide calliper rule.As when this slide calliper rule main scale left side zero line is alignd with secondary chi left side zero line, then gauge block or correction gauge rod just in time with 120-140mm measuring jaw face and main scale on plane clearance be 0.After this measure as stated above and get final product.For example using the oblique angle tangent value is 0.1 vernier caliper of the present invention, measuring workpieces under 120-140mm measuring jaw face, and major-minor chi reading and be 19.828mm, then measured value should be 120mm+19.828mm=139.828mm.
In sum, a kind of vernier caliper of the present invention, not only readable value is accurate, the error of indication is little, design concept is unique, and simple in structure, sturdy and durable, cost is low, measure precisely rapidly, has advantages such as omnidistance micrometer function in its measurement range.After only will specification variety series as Fig. 1 example type of foundation, promptly can replace the existing common milscale and the error of indication fully and be the lever-type micrometer of ± 0.002mm, micron milscale etc., directly apply to machinery manufacturing industry one line workshop and carry out that precision workpiece is measured or check.And the tangent at the oblique angle that the present invention comprises or sine value are the vernier caliper of high measurement accuracy more such as 0.01,0.001, then alternative part precision measurement instrument directly applies to specialty and detects, or the line degradation that puts into production uses direct quality with its high precision monitor precision machine tool processing work.Certainly also can serve as ordinary measring tool and be applied to all manufacturing scenes,, improve the accurate level of making of enterprise to improve the quality of products.
Claims (5)
1. vernier caliper, mainly by main scale, chi frame and on secondary chi form, it is characterized in that: chi frame (6) top, left side overhang left is divided into measuring jaw (11), and this measuring jaw has one or more measuring jaw faces, and measuring jaw faces down; When a plurality of measuring jaw faces (9,10,12) were arranged, measuring jaw faced down to the lower right to stepped distribution, and each measuring jaw face is parallel to each other; The surface rail (17) that contacts with main scale (1) lower bevel of chi frame (6) the inside tilts to the lower right, and the angle of inclination size is identical with main scale (1) bevel angle, direction is opposite; When the left zero line that is positioned at the secondary chi of installing on left zero line and the chi frame of main scale (1) of chi frame (6) lining (20) aligns, the last interplanar of the last plane (3) of main scale (1) and chi frame (6) lining relative with it has certain vertical space, and this spatial altitude is greater than the lift of drafting for main scale (1); It is parallel that main scale (1) is gone up the baseplane of the last plane of measuring jaw face (9,10,12) on plane and the chi frame (6) and chi frame (6) lining and chi frame (6), with chi frame (6) inwall with vertical with the surface of contact of the spigot surface (16) of chi frame (6) inwall one and each guide plate, it is that the measuring jaw face of main scale (1) is also vertical with the two sides of main scale (1) own that main scale (1) is gone up plane (3); The groove that to be carved with the same spacing with common calliper on the main scale (1) be 1mm, but wiring direction distributes from right to left along gathering sill (2) limit consistent with main scale (1) hypotenuse vergence direction, and the ratio between the length line regularity of distribution and the line length is all with reference to existing vernier caliper value; Arabic numeral on main scale (1) and the secondary chi (20) are all pressed the ascending arrangement of numerical value from right to left, i.e. orientation is opposite with existing slide calliper rule, and allow to occur decimal; The vernier scale division value is chosen in the scope at common slide calliper rule and is got; Groove on main scale (1) and the secondary chi (20), the surface rail (17) of main scale (1) and chi frame (6) lining when getting angle value with sine function, all should be perpendicular to the hypotenuse of main scale (1), during with the tan value, must be perpendicular to the last plane (3) of main scale (1); On second guide plate (7) and the 3rd guide plate (25), all be equipped with the screw of adjusting screw and tape guide post; Main scale (1) rises when the lining is moved to the left at chi frame (6), descends when moving right.
2. a kind of vernier caliper according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the measuring jaw face on the chi frame is few more, and this chi scale range is more little; The measuring jaw face is many more below the measuring jaw, and this chi scale range is big more.
3. a kind of vernier caliper according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the tangent or the sine value of the angle of getting are more little, and the set measuring jaw face of measuring jaw is many more.
4. a kind of vernier caliper according to claim 1 is characterized in that: at the tangent or the sine value of the acute rake angle of the surface rail (17) of main scale (1) and chi frame (6) lining, comprising 0.1 level off to by 0.1 and choose in 0 the value.
5. a kind of vernier caliper according to claim 1 is characterized in that: have only a measuring jaw face, at adjustable momentum pawl of chi frame (6) top left design.
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| CNB2005100174644A CN100383487C (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2005-03-30 | High precision vernier caliper |
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| CNB2005100174644A CN100383487C (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2005-03-30 | High precision vernier caliper |
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| CN100383487C true CN100383487C (en) | 2008-04-23 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102914228B (en) * | 2011-09-26 | 2014-10-29 | 深圳中汇安仔贸易有限公司 | Double-zero-position caliper with mechanical watch |
| CN102331213B (en) * | 2011-09-26 | 2013-05-01 | 东莞市邦卡量具科技有限公司 | Double-zero-position caliper |
| CN102878882B (en) * | 2011-09-26 | 2014-04-16 | 深圳中汇安仔贸易有限公司 | Double-zero-position electronic meter caliper ruler |
| CN107063022B (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2018-11-27 | 河海大学 | A kind of measurement tonger and measurement method |
| CN111099520B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-07-16 | 上海建工四建集团有限公司 | Device for adjusting vertical position of object and using method thereof |
| CN111457814A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-07-28 | 新疆维吾尔自治区计量测试研究院 | Vernier caliper with set square and reading method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN88210020U (en) * | 1988-01-13 | 1988-09-07 | 沈阳市工具研究所 | Slide caliper |
| CN2036653U (en) * | 1988-10-25 | 1989-04-26 | 北京理工大学 | Callipers for internal- and external diameter measurements |
| JPH1123204A (en) * | 1997-07-07 | 1999-01-29 | Hisashi Nakaso | Multifunctional angle mater for three-dimensional object |
-
2005
- 2005-03-30 CN CNB2005100174644A patent/CN100383487C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN88210020U (en) * | 1988-01-13 | 1988-09-07 | 沈阳市工具研究所 | Slide caliper |
| CN2036653U (en) * | 1988-10-25 | 1989-04-26 | 北京理工大学 | Callipers for internal- and external diameter measurements |
| JPH1123204A (en) * | 1997-07-07 | 1999-01-29 | Hisashi Nakaso | Multifunctional angle mater for three-dimensional object |
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| CN1841005A (en) | 2006-10-04 |
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