CN100383069C - Glass for forming 3D color pattern by means of laser induced internal colorizing - Google Patents

Glass for forming 3D color pattern by means of laser induced internal colorizing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100383069C
CN100383069C CNB2006100495866A CN200610049586A CN100383069C CN 100383069 C CN100383069 C CN 100383069C CN B2006100495866 A CNB2006100495866 A CN B2006100495866A CN 200610049586 A CN200610049586 A CN 200610049586A CN 100383069 C CN100383069 C CN 100383069C
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glass
pattern
hour
laser
raw material
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CN1810691A (en
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邱建荣
曾伟
周时凤
钱国栋
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/078—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing an oxide of a divalent metal, e.g. an oxide of zinc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
    • C03C23/0005—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation
    • C03C23/0015—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation by visible light
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
    • C03C23/0005—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation
    • C03C23/0025—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation by a laser beam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
    • C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
    • C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
    • C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
    • C03C3/091—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/095—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing rare earths
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/102—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing lead
    • C03C3/108—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing lead containing boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/32—Non-oxide glass compositions, e.g. binary or ternary halides, sulfides or nitrides of germanium, selenium or tellurium
    • C03C3/321—Chalcogenide glasses, e.g. containing S, Se, Te
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
    • C03C4/02—Compositions for glass with special properties for coloured glass

Abstract

The present invention discloses glass used for inducing the interior coloring by lasers to form three-dimensional color-register patterns, which is prepared from the components of the percentage by weight: 45 to 85% of SiO2, 0 to 20% of R2O3, 5 to 40% of R2O, 5 to 30% of RO, 10 to 50% of R2O and RO, 0 to 8% of TiO2, 0.001 to 2% of at least one of Au, Ag, Cu and Pd and 0.001 to 2% of at least one of V2O5, Cr2O3, MnO, Fe2O3, CoO, NiO, Pr2O3, Nd2O3, Dy2O3, Ho2O3, Er2O3, CdS, CdSe and Se, wherein R2O3 is one or a plurality of Al2O3, B2O3, Y2O3, La2O3 and Sb2O3; R2O is one or a plurality of Li2O, Na2O and K2O; RO is one or a plurality of CaO, MgO, BaO, PbO, SrO, ZnO and SnO; all the components totals 100%. The glass of the present invention can be used for forming color-register patterns on the interior of the colored transparent glass to obtain colored three-dimensional interior sculptures. The present invention has favorable technological value and meets the market requirements.

Description

Be applied to the painted glass that forms three-dimensional cover colored pattern of laser induced internal
Technical field
The present invention relates to glass, particularly a kind of painted glass that forms three-dimensional cover colored pattern of laser induced internal that is applied to.
Background technology
The present inventor mentions in the patent of invention of in the past declaring, when the pulse width of laser is in femtosecond (femtosecond, promptly 10 -15Second) time, laser is focused on back irradiation glass, particularly the mixed glass of some extraordinary compositions through optical lens, because of reacting, the special multi-photon of ultra-short pulse laser and glass can directly produce colouring effect near the focus of laser focusing in the glass.
Because the formation of this painted little point has spatial selectivity, painted solid figure can be write in the glass.But this mainly is in the glass basis because the painted of colour center formation generally is grey to faint yellow, color is bright-coloured inadequately, femtosecond laser is because the restriction on the principle in addition, it costs an arm and a leg, difficult in maintenance, make the application femtosecond laser carry out carving in the three-dimensional colour and cost an arm and a leg, limited the expansion in carving market in the three-dimensional colour.Our further applied for mixing glass of Au Ag Cu Pd, this glass is water white transparency, when in microsecond to the laser radiation of femtosecond, focus section can produce the multi-photon reaction, make adulterated ion reduction, further 400-650 ℃ of following thermal treatment, because the reunion of atom forms colloid and nano particle, make the laser focusing illuminated portion red, orange owing to the surface plasma bulk absorption of colloid cluster and nano particle produces, yellow, ash, black etc. painted, make painted in carving striden forward a step greatly to the marketization, but the developing polychrome of still needing, chromatography and even panchromatic glass and body laser inner carving technology.
Summary of the invention
The present inventor is 50 μ S (microsecond, 10 through exploration discovery when the pulse width of laser -6Second) to 1fs (femtosecond, promptly 10 -15Second) time, laser after focusing on, optical lens shone because transition metal, rare earth ion and CdS isocolloid glass painted and transparent and mixed Au, Ag, Cu, Pd, near glass transformation temperature, heat-treat subsequently, can separate out in the zone of laser radiation generation on the metal nanoparticle of may command space and distribution of sizes and the basis at integral colouring relevant with Au, Ag, Cu, Pd cluster and nanoparticle colouring effect, realize carving in the three-dimensional chromatography.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of painted glass that forms three-dimensional cover colored pattern of laser induced internal that is applied to, to be implemented in the inner chromatography three-D pattern that further forms of painted transparent glass, in the developing three-dimensional colour meet the need of market in carving market.
The painted glass that forms three-dimensional cover colored pattern of laser induced internal that is applied to of the present invention, its composition and weight percent thereof are as follows:
Raw material weight per-cent
SiO 2 45-85
R 2O 3 0-20
R 2O 5-40
RO 5-30
R 2O+RO 10-50
TiO 2 0-8
At least a 0.001-2 among Au, Ag, Cu, the Pd
V 2O 5, Cr 2O 3, MnO, Fe 2O 3, CoO, NiO, Pr 2O 3, Nd 2O 3, Dy 2O 3, Ho 2O 3, Er 2O 3, at least a 0.001-2 among CdS, CdSe and the Se
Wherein, R 2O 3Be Al 2O 3, B 2O 3, Y 2O 3, La 2O 3And Sb 2O 3In one or more, R 2O is Li 2O, Na 2O and K 2Among the O one or more, RO are one or more among CaO, MgO, BaO, PbO, SrO, ZnO and the SnO, said components and be 100%.
Among the present invention, Au, Ag, Cu, Pd introduce with the form of metal or corresponding compounds.
Preparation method: take by weighing raw material in proportion, will be cast into block glass behind the raw material mixed melting, shine with the pulse laser focusing of transferring Q again and form pattern in the glass, at 400-750 ℃ of following thermal treatment 0.5-2 hour.
Glass basis of the present invention painted based on transition metal, rare earth ion and CdS isocolloid are painted, and adulterated active ion interacts in laser and glass of the present invention, active ion (Au 3+, Ag +, Cu +, Pd 2+) become atom by trapped electron, atom produces migration and reunites and forms nano particle under follow-up thermal treatment then, it is painted that the surface plasma bulk absorption that utilizes nano particle to exist at visible region produces, can be implemented in the inner chromatography three-D pattern that further forms of painted transparent glass, have good technology and be worth.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below by embodiment,
Embodiment 1:
With weight percent is 74.9 SiO 215 Na 2O10 CaO0.05 Ag 2O0.05 V 2O 5The raw material of forming was 1550 ℃ of fusions one hour, and casting forms block glass, cutting and polishing then.Focus on to shine with the frequency multiplication (532nm) of the Nd:YAG laser of the 10ns that transfers Q again and form pattern in the glass.At this moment naked eyes can slightly be seen owing to burst formed fine crack.After 2 hours, it is yellow that pattern is 580 ℃ of processing.Formed body and be light green and pattern is an xanchromatic volume rending pattern.
Embodiment 2:
With weight percent is 84 SiO 20.89 Al 2O 310 K 2O5 Li 2O0.09 ZnO0.01 Cr 2O 30.01 Au 2O 3The raw material of forming was 1500 ℃ of fusions 1 hour, and casting forms block glass, and glass is transparent light green, cutting and polishing then.Focus on to shine with the fundamental frequency (1064nm) of the Nd:YAG laser of the 1ps that transfers Q again and form pattern in the glass.At this moment naked eyes can slightly be seen owing to burst formed fine crack.After 30 minutes, pattern part is red-purple 650 ℃ of processing.
Embodiment 3:
With weight percent 45 SiO 23 La 2O 32 B 2O 35 BaO5 MgO4 SnO20 CaO0.1 MnO0.9 Ag 2O15Na 2The raw material that O forms was 1450 ℃ of fusions of leading to oxygen 1 hour, and casting forms block glass, and glass is transparent lavender, cutting and polishing then.Focus on to shine with the frequency multiplication (532nm) of the Nd:YAG laser of the 50 μ S that transfer Q again and form pattern in the glass.At this moment naked eyes can slightly be seen owing to burst formed fine crack.After 1 hour, pattern is pale brown look 550 ℃ of processing.
Embodiment 4:
With weight percent is 49.98 SiO 25 Al 2O 35 Y 2O 35 B 2O 310 Li 2O15 Na 2O10 K 2O0.01 Fe 2O 30.01 Au 2O 3The raw material of forming was 1450 ℃ of fusions 1 hour, and casting forms block glass, and glass is yellow-green colour, then cutting and polishing.Focus on to shine with the frequency multiplication (532nm) of the Nd:YAG laser of the 100ps that transfers Q again and form pattern in the glass.At this moment naked eyes can slightly be seen owing to burst formed fine crack.580 ℃ handle 1 hour after, the pattern pinkiness.
Embodiment 5:
With weight percent is 69.46 SiO 24 Al 2O 36 B 2O 39 Na 2O8.5 K 2O3 BaO0.02 CoO0.02 Au 2O 3The raw material of forming was 1550 ℃ of fusions 1 hour, and casting forms block glass, and it is transparent light blue that glass is, then cutting and polishing.Focus on to shine with the frequency multiplication (532nm) of the Nd:YAG laser of the 1ns that transfers Q again and form pattern in the glass.At this moment naked eyes can slightly be seen owing to burst formed fine crack.After 30 minutes, pattern is bois de rose 620 ℃ of processing.
Embodiment 6:
With weight percent is 72.3 SiO 21.8 Al 2O 312 CaO13.6 Na 2O0.2 TiO 20.1 NiO0.1 Ag 2The raw material that O forms was 1550 ℃ of fusions 1 hour, and casting forms block glass, and glass is transparent light gray, cutting and polishing then.Focus on to shine with the frequency multiplication (532nm) of the Nd:YAG laser of the 10ns that transfers Q again and form pattern in the glass.At this moment naked eyes can slightly be seen owing to burst formed fine crack.After 1 hour, it is orange-yellow that pattern is 600 ℃ of processing.
Embodiment 7:
With weight percent is 72.9 SiO 214.4 Na 2O10.5 CaO2.1 Al 2O 30.01CoO0.09Pd the raw material of forming was 1550 ℃ of fusions 1 hour, casting forms block glass, and it is transparent light blue that glass is, then cutting and polishing.Focus on to shine with the frequency multiplication (532nm) of the Nd:YAG laser of the 10ns that transfers Q again and form pattern in the glass.At this moment naked eyes can slightly be seen owing to burst formed fine crack.After 1 hour, pattern is grey black 560 ℃ of processing.
Embodiment 8:
With weight percent is 58.3 SiO 22.8 Na 2O11.4 K 2O0.45 CaO0.68 B 2O 326.3 PbO0.03 Cr 2O 30.04 Ag 2The raw material that O forms was 1000 ℃ of fusions 1 hour, and casting forms block glass, and glass is transparent light green, cutting and polishing then.Focus on to shine with the frequency multiplication (532nm) of the Nd:YAG laser of the 10ns that transfers Q again and form pattern in the glass.At this moment naked eyes can slightly be seen owing to burst formed fine crack.After 1 hour, it is yellow that pattern is 460 ℃ of processing.
Embodiment 9:
With weight percent is 77.99 SiO 27 Na 2O1 Al 2O 313 B 2O 31 Nd 2O 30.01 Au 2O 3The raw material of forming was 1600 ℃ of fusions 1 hour, and casting forms block glass, and glass is transparent livid purple look, cutting and polishing then.Focus on to shine with the frequency multiplication (532nm) of the Nd:YAG laser of the 10ns that transfers Q again and form pattern in the glass.At this moment naked eyes can slightly be seen owing to burst formed fine crack.After 1 hour, pattern is red-purple 700 ℃ of processing.
Embodiment 10:
With weight percent is 61.995 SiO 217 Al 2O 35 B 2O 31 Dy 2O 31 Na 2The raw material that O6 MgO8 CaO0.01 Au forms was 1600 ℃ of fusions 1 hour, and casting forms block glass, and glass is glassy yellow, then cutting and polishing.Focus on to shine with the frequency multiplication (532nm) of the Nd:YAG laser of the 10ns that transfers Q again and form pattern in the glass.At this moment naked eyes can slightly be seen owing to burst formed fine crack.After 1 hour, pattern takes on a red color 700 ℃ of processing.
Embodiment 11:
With weight percent is 68.8 SiO 210 B 2O 39.8 Na 2O8.1 K 2O2.8 BaO0.3 Ho 2O 30.2 Au 2O 3The raw material of forming was 1550 ℃ of fusions 1 hour, and casting forms block glass, and the glass star is transparent faint yellow, then cutting and polishing.Focus on to shine with the frequency multiplication (532nm) of the Nd:YAG laser of the 10ns that transfers Q again and form pattern in the glass.At this moment naked eyes can slightly be seen owing to burst formed fine crack.After 1 hour, pattern is lilac red 665 ℃ of processing.
Embodiment 12:
With weight percent is 75 SiO 212 B 2O 31 Al 2O 32 Y 2O 39 Na 2O0.3 Er 2O 30.7 Au 2O 3The raw material of forming was 1600 ℃ of fusions 1 hour, and casting forms block glass, and glass is transparent pink, cutting and polishing then.Focus on to shine with the frequency multiplication (532nm) of the Nd:YAG laser of the 10ns that transfers Q again and form pattern in the glass.At this moment naked eyes can slightly be seen owing to burst formed fine crack.After 1 hour, pattern is scarlet 620 ℃ of processing.
Embodiment 13:
With weight percent is 75 SiO 211 B 2O 34 Al 2O 39.45 Na 2O0.05 CdS0.5 Au 2O 3The raw material of forming was 1600 ℃ of fusions 1 hour, and casting forms block glass, and glass is water white transparency, then cutting and polishing.Be faint yellow at 450 ℃ of heat-treated glasses, focus on to shine with the frequency multiplication (532nm) of the Nd:YAG laser of the 10ns that transfers Q again and form pattern in the glass.At this moment naked eyes can slightly be seen owing to burst formed fine crack.After 1 hour, pattern takes on a red color 650 ℃ of processing.
Embodiment 14:
With weight percent is 69.45 SiO 210 B 2O 38 Na 2O9.4 K 2O3 SnO0.05 Cu 2The raw material that O0.1 Se forms was 1550 ℃ of fusions 1 hour, and casting forms block glass, and glass is water white transparency, and 500 ℃ of thermal treatments 1 hour, glass was transparent incarnadine, cutting and polishing then.Focus on to shine with the frequency multiplication (532nm) of the Nd:YAG laser of the 1ns that transfers Q again and form pattern in the glass.At this moment naked eyes can slightly be seen owing to burst formed fine crack.After 30 minutes, pattern takes on a red color 580 ℃ of processing.
Embodiment 15:
With weight percent is 70 SiO 210 Al 2O 38 Na 2The raw material that O11.89 CaO0.109 CdSe0.001PdO forms was 1550 ℃ of fusions 1 hour, and casting forms block glass, and glass is water white transparency, and 550 thermal treatments 1 hour, glass was transparent incarnadine, cutting and polishing then.Use the Ti:Al of the 120fs that transfers Q again 2O 3The frequency multiplication of laser (800nm) focuses on to shine and forms pattern in the glass.At this moment naked eyes are visible because colour center forms the grey that forms, and after 120 minutes, pattern is black 580 ℃ of processing.
Above embodiment and experiment showed, that the present invention interacts active ion (Au by laser and adulterated active ion in glass 3+, Ag +, Pd 2+, Cu +) become atom by trapped electron, atom is under follow-up thermal treatment then, produce migration and the formation nano particle of reuniting, it is painted that the surface plasma bulk absorption that utilizes nano particle to exist at visible region produces, and can carve in the three-dimensional chromatography inner realization of glass.

Claims (1)

1. be applied to the painted glass that forms three-dimensional cover colored pattern of laser induced internal, it is characterized in that composition and weight percent thereof are as follows:
Raw material weight per-cent
SiO 2 45-85
R 2O 3 0-20
R 2O 5-40
RO 5-30
R 2O+RO 10-50
TiO 2 0-8
At least a 0.001-2 among Au, Ag, Cu, the Pd
V 2O 5, Cr 2O 3, MnO, Fe 2O 3, CoO, NiO, Pr 2O 3, Nd 2O 3, Dy 2O 3, Ho 2O 3, Er 2O 3, at least a 0.001-2 among CdS, CdSe and the Se
Wherein, R 2O 3Be Al 2O 3, B 2O 3, Y 2O 3, La 2O 3And Sb 2O 3In one or more, R 2O is Li 2O, Na 2O and K 2Among the O one or more, RO are one or more among CaO, MgO, BaO, PbO, SrO, ZnO and the SnO, said components and be 100%.
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