CN100380962C - Receiving unit for executing seamless switch between video frequency signals - Google Patents
Receiving unit for executing seamless switch between video frequency signals Download PDFInfo
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- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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Abstract
An interactive cable television system is disclosed which utilizes a standard cable television distribution network for simultaneously providing a plurality of viewers with an interactive television program comprising a plurality of signals related in time and content. Video signals are transmitted in a digital format, more than one signal being multiplexed onto a data stream on a single channel. The video signals may be compressed for efficiency. A receiver, in conjunction with a signal selector, selects a particular NTSC channel for playback, then selects a particular video signal from the data stream, and decompresses the video signal for playback. Seamless switching between video signals on different channels is provided. An alternative embodiment is disclosed wherein the various signals which comprise the interactive program are switched at the head end rather than at the receiver. The multiple choice control unit selects a desired signal by relaying the multiple choice selections of the user through a relay box back to a remotely located switching station. The switching station routes the correct video signal down the appropriate cable channel for the particular user.
Description
The application is the application number submitted on December 16th, 1998 the dividing an application for the application of " being used to carry out the method and apparatus of seamless switching between two digital video signals " that be 98811211.6 denominations of invention
Technical field
The present invention relates between vision signal, carry out the unit of seamless switching.
Background technology
United States Patent (USP) 5,724,091 discloses a kind of seamless switching that carries out between vision signal when watching first vision signal, even the vision signal that is switched to may be on the different broadcasting channels or on the multiplexing channel identical with the current vision signal of seeing.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to provide the not too complicated method of a kind of use to carry out the receiving element of seamless switching between vision signal.
According to a first aspect of the invention, a kind of receiving element is provided, being used for program receiving also can carry out from first analog signal to second analog signal, from the analog signal to the digital signal, or seamless switching from first digital video signal to second digital video signal, this receiving element comprises: microprocessor is used for selecting it in the lump selected vision signal to be carried out seamless switching from vision signal;
A pair of tuner, it is connected with microprocessor, be used for be tuned to the RF channel, wherein this to tuner according to the described RF channel of the Instruction Selection of microprocessor;
A pair of analog demodulator, each analog demodulator respectively with described tuner in one of be connected and be arranged to receive an analog signal;
A pair of digital demodulator, each digital demodulator respectively with described tuner in one of be connected and be arranged to receive a digital signal;
Digital separating unit/decoder, it is connected with described right digital demodulator, is used to separate digital signal, the described digital signal that decompresses, and the seamless switching of execution from a digital video signal to another digital video signal;
The numeral video-stream processor, it is connected with the output of described digital separating unit/decoder, is used for the output digital signal of described decompression is converted to analog signal;
The vertical blanking interval switch, it is connected with the output of described digital video-stream processor and the output services of described analog demodulator, is used to carry out the seamless switching between the analog video signal.
In one embodiment, described receiving element further comprises a simulation video-stream processor, it is arranged being formatd by the analog signal of demodulation, and the output of described simulation video-stream processor and described analog demodulator and described vertical blanking interval switch are connected thus the output of described analog demodulator is carried out work with described vertical blanking interval switch and are connected.
Preferably, multiplexer synthesizes the transmission data flow of a decreased number to send with each digital signal.Each ntsc television channel can distribute by predetermined form, so that the number maximum of the signal that can send simultaneously.The multiplexer that combines with TV sending system to desired channel, and sends with these signals desired data flow multiplexing by the NTSC channel.The vision signal number that can be multiplexed in the data flow on the single transmission channel will change according to the vision signal that will be sent out.The television channel that comprises the data flow of multiplexed video signal can send by standard cable television distribution network or direct broadcasting satellite transmitting system.
After coding, compression, multiplexing and modulation, programme signal and interactive program signal are sent out device and distribute, and this dispensing device includes, but are not limited to: satellite, cable TV, optical fiber, public switched telephone network, land broadcasting, closed circuit etc., wherein modulation technique is determined according to transmission means.In addition, the content of distribution can be included in by carrying out conversion of signals before terminal use's reception or sending.
At the end user location program receiving and be connected to suitable receiving equipment.Receiving equipment can comprise such as but not limited to wired television receiver/transducer, satellite receiver, land broadcasting receiver, personal computer etc.Receiver receive one or more television channels some or all comprise multiplexing video signal data stream or not multiplexing digital video signal, and combine with signal selector, select a specific data channel/data flow to be used for resetting, from the signal that is re-used of data flow, select the specific video signal then, at last, if necessary, vision signal is expanded to reset on television set.
Signal selector can for example comprise controller and software in the top box of digital machine.Controller in top box of digital machine and software work with receiver control and signal selector to select specific digital video signal.
The user is preferably by standard remote control input response.The user can change to another from a digital channel simply, or responds to interactive program.
The invention still further relates to a kind of seamless switching unit, be used for program receiving and seamlessly switch to multiplexing analog video signal second programme signal that the 2nd RF channel receives from the multiplexing digital video signal of first programme signal that a RF channel receives, this seamless switching unit comprises:
Microprocessor, this microprocessor is carried out the switching from the digital video signal to the analog video signal;
First tuner, it is connected with described microprocessor, be used for be tuned to a described RF channel;
Digital demodulator, it is connected with described first tuner, is used for described first programme signal of demodulation;
Digital separating unit/decoder, it is connected with microprocessor with first digital demodulator, is used for first programme signal is separated with the acquisition digital video signal, and digital signal is decompressed and decodes;
The numeral video-stream processor, it is connected with described digital separating unit/decoder, is used for digital video signal is converted to analog quantity;
Second tuner, it is connected with microprocessor, this second tuner in advance be tuned to the 2nd RF channel;
Analog demodulator, it is connected with second tuner, is used for receiving and demodulated analog signal; With
The vertical blanking interval switch, it is connected with the output of described digital video-stream processor and the output services of described analog demodulator, is used for seamlessly switching to analog video signal from the digital video signal of being changed during the vertical blanking interval of signal.
Hereinafter with reference to accompanying drawing, embodiments of the present invention are described in the mode of example.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of interactive TV system.
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of the interactive TV system in two-way transmission structure.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of realizing the receiver of seamless switching between vision signal.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of realizing the another kind of receiver of seamless switching between vision signal.
Fig. 5 is the block diagram of central controller.
Fig. 6 is the block diagram of video-splicing point and time slot in display video frame structure and the video program stream.
Fig. 7 is the block diagram of another kind of receiver.
Fig. 8 is the block diagram that shows audio frame.
Fig. 9 is the block diagram of television broadcasting station switch.
Figure 10 is the block diagram that is used for the controller of irrelevant program switching.
Figure 11 is the block diagram that is used for the controller of eventful program switching.
Figure 12 is the block diagram that is used for the controller of picture-in-picture program seamless switching.
Figure 13 is the block diagram that is used for the switching of a plurality of commercial shopping programs.
Figure 14 is used for the block diagram that digital program inserts an addressable advertising.
Figure 15 is the block diagram from one group of signal to the seamless switching of other signal in server.
Figure 16 A and 16B are the block diagrams of a kind of dual tuner (Two-Tuner) receiver.
Figure 17 is the block diagram that shows the embodiment of receiver of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention relates to a kind of receiver that can carry out seamless switching between analog video signal and the digital video signal.One embodiment of the present of invention as shown in figure 17.But, whole features of interactive TV system will be described below in order to know and contextual declaration to be arranged.
Interactive TV system as described herein can make a plurality of spectators can watch a plurality of different programme information message signales simultaneously.A plurality of vision signals 1 are provided.Vision signal 1 can be for example various scenes in the sports cast and/or the video camera visual angle of audio sync, or has content and the host's that the user selected react game shows.In addition, vision signal 1 is any be suitable for interactive session, as at United States Patent (USP) 4,847,700,3,947,972,4,602,279,4,264,925 or 4,264, the vision signal described in 924, its particular content is quoted as a reference in this manual.Exist be suitable for interactive operation various types of on time and content relevant vision signal.
In the system formerly, these signals miscellaneous will send in each broadcasting or cable channel on the receiver, and each receiver requires to have discrete 6MHZ NTSC channel.In system shown in Figure 1, vision signal 1 is removed mould/number (A/D) transducer 2, and it is that number format is to send with analog signal conversion.A/D converter 2 can be that to be used for analog signal conversion be the transducer of any general type of number format.May not that each vision signal 1 all needs A/D converter, but with still less transducer or a transducer just can be with various vision signal 1 digitlizations even.Interactive video-frequency performance can also be sent to wired or other distribution network with pre-digitlization and/or precompressed form.
Digital translation has caused very lot of data.Therefore wish to reduce the amount that is sent out, so that more signal can send through single transmission channel.For example, the digital ntsc video of single frame is represented the data of 350K byte.Therefore, two hours normal video approximately is the 80G byte.Because per second has 30 frames in this video, rate of data signalling is the 22M byte per second.Preferably reduce this lot of data by digital compression.
In order to reduce the demand that data transmit, compression before various digital video signals are preferably in and send.This video can be compressed by the compression algorithm of any routine, and two kinds of prevailing types are " processor are strengthened (processor intensive) " and " memory is strengthened (memory intensive) ".
The method that processor is strengthened is by the constant part of cancellation picture the processing that transmits from (frame-to-frame) frame by frame in information, and, determine the degree that a given action in the picture can be experienced by human eye by other operation that relates to the image information of arithmetical operation.This method depends in the high speed processing ability that transmits point.
Memory adds strong method and comprises that the frame with picture is divided into hundreds of minimum block of pixels, wherein gives code of each piece, represents that its color is provided with and the variation of brightness.It is seldom that this code is compared the amount that is increased with the whole information of describing given image block.This code is sent to receiver.There, call the piece of equivalent code in its piece storehouse from the memory that is stored in receiver.
Like this, bit stream accounts for the very fraction in the image information in the method.This system is generally limited by various image block, and these pieces can be stored in the receiver, and it is directly relevant with the ability of the size of memory and microprocessor.
The example of available in the present invention known compress technique as; JPEG, MPEG1 and MPEG2.
Compress technique has been utilized such a case, and promptly the change between frame and the frame is very little in moving image.Amount of redundancy between the frame is carried out montage and only can obtain much higher compression ratio to the changing unit coding.Generally comprise the video type of a large amount of high-speed motions, for example often occur in the sports cast at the scene, will therefore have minimum compression ratio.And on the other hand, film has lower frame rate than on-the-spot sports cast usually, and the change between frame and the frame is also littler, and it will realize higher compression ratio.At present, the compression ratio to satellite of known compression scheme is to change to 10: 1 from 2: 1, and is to change to 5: 1 from 2: 1 to cable television system, and the degree of motion is depended in this variation.
In case after various vision signals 1 had been digitized and have been compressed, multiplexer 4 synthesized the transmitting data stream that quantity reduces with various digital signals, to transmit.For example, if 68 NTSC channels can be used, and each channel can send or the vision signal (for example film) of slow motion of 4 digitized, compressions, or 2 digitized, compression, vision signals (for example sports cast) at a high speed, so various NTSC channels should distribute in the intended manner, so that the number maximum that can send simultaneously.
Give one example, the broadcasting frequency corresponding with first NTSC channel can comprise the data flow of separating the non-interactive type film that carries out digital compression.On this frequency, data flow will comprise the vision signal of representing a large amount of films.But vision signal is different with those interactively programs, does not have related on time and content.The broadcasting frequency corresponding with second channel can comprise the digital data stream of interactive physical program, is made of two multiplexing compression high-speed video signals, and these two vision signals are preferably on time and the content relevant.The broadcasting frequency corresponding with the 3rd channel comprises the digital data stream of Inter active Movie, is made of four multiplexing compressed video signals, and these four vision signals are preferably on time and the content relevant.The broadcasting frequency corresponding with the 4th channel comprises the simulation NTSC signal relevant with local program, and therefore, four NTSC channels can comprise multiplexing movie channel, interactive physical program, Inter active Movie and local program.
As previously mentioned, the number that can be multiplexed to the vision signal in the data flow on the single transmission channel can change.In addition, use the number of channels of data flow to change.The data flow that transmits is launched machine 4 and sends to receiving station 7 through transmitting medium 6.Transmitter 4, medium 6 and receiver 7 can be any devices that is used to send digital video signal, comprise radio and television, cable TV, direct broadcasting satellite, optical fiber or any other transmitting device.In addition, as described below, a kind of independently one-of-a-kind system can be provided.
Transmitting device also can be the telephone system that sends digital video data stream.Like this, the multiplexed data flow that comprises several broadcasting channels or have an interactive program of cohered video can directly send to the user through single telephone wire.Above-mentioned digital transmission equipment also can comprise the device that is used to send analog signal.
In one embodiment, digital transmission signal sends with cable television system.Receiver 7 receive various NTSC channels, some or all comprise multiplexing or not multiplexing digital video signal.Usually, will send channel more than one by transmitter 5, and be received by receiver 7, this is the same with common cable television system.But each different channel can have the data flow that comprises a plurality of digital video signals.
Therefore, receiver 7 preferably binding signal selector 8 is operated together, with the specific NTSC channel of selecting to be used to reset, and from the multiplexed signals of data flow, select the specific video signal thus, and on the monitor 10 of in the end resetting if desired the time, further this compressed video signal is decompressed again or launch and handle.
In actual applications, utilize to allow to go up and transmit two cover physical culture vision signals () compression-multiplexing scheme for example, A and B, it can transmit an interactive sports game program on the cable TV signal of 6MHZ at an independent NTSC channel (for example, channel 34).For above-mentioned specific sporting events, it may need 4 kinds of vision signals (for example, A-D).First vision signal (signal A) can comprise the standard broadcasting signal of this match; Second vision signal (signal B) then can comprise the feature picture of poses; The 3rd vision signal (signal C) can comprise the playback to the continuous renewal of the excellent picture of competing; The 4th vision signal (signal D) then can comprise the statistical information about match.Wherein, can come as follows to carry out multiplexing to these 4 kinds of vision signals (A-D): vision signal A and B are multiplexed on the data flow that is transmitted on the cable channel (cable channel) 34; Vision signal C and D then are multiplexed on the data flow that is transmitted on the cable channel 35.Alternatively, it also can be multiplexed into all 4 kinds of vision signals (A-D) on the data flow that is carried on the channel together.Yet, it also can utilize controller 9, or signal selector 8 comes these 4 kinds of signals are shone upon, to broadcast to the user as the individual channels picture, make when spectators select on the more options controller thus, between each channel, can realize seamless switching.
Every kind of vision signal of this kind interactive program can comprise one write be, for example, " full frame action-press A; Feature move-is pressed B; Reset-press C; Statistical information-press D " prompting text (label).
As shown in the figure, if for certain interactive program, it need be more than the signal that can be mapped to the data flow on the independent channel, then it can carry out program setting with receiver 7 to signal selector 8, between various video signal and multiple broadcasting channel, to switch, provide required level of interaction (level) thus.Yet in the preferred case, the various video signal relevant with certain specific interactive program will be multiplexed on the independent channel.
In addition, signal selector 8 can be stored with current and previous user and respond relevant information.For example, it can store spectators' Profile (profile) or the previous response modes of spectators in the memory into.As U.S. Patent No. 4,602, discussed in 279 like that, it can combine use with the various command that is transmitted in this information and the vision signal.Profile information of being stored and received various command can be used to switch with alternant way between data flow and each vision signal under need not the situation from user's response.
If be ready, it also can give this kind multiplexing interactive program in an independent phone line.In this embodiment, its with more options controller 9 usefulness program settings between each vision signal on the independent telephone wire, to switch.If also need other channel, then also can use as described below two-way (two-way) configuration.
In education type embodiment, also can use the interactive TV system system.In this type of embodiment, but information is stored on each data flow of a plurality of playback information sections, its each all comprise can be by receiver, corresponding to passing through the selected vision signal of signal selector 8 according to the selection of user on more options controller 9, and the complete message that can directly reset out.Above-mentioned each message segment in each data flow all includes and has that relevant more options are responded, receiveed the response, information message, or the inquiry type message of its combination.
Each message segment in each data flow is preferably, and is relevant in real time with content, so that it when display video signal, can carry out interactively dialogue, and the various inquiries that the user then can respond in the vision signal to be comprised.When the user utilizes multinomial selection to respond to answer certain ad hoc querying problem, it will utilize signal selector 8 to show information in the vision signal relevant with its specific selection of having done.Usually can be with above-mentioned various inquiries, receive the response and information message is included in any, or more than one, or in all vision signals.
Wherein each broadcasting channel includes the data flow of various video signal, can be used to the interactive program of a lot of types, such as disclosed those programs in the above-mentioned United States Patent (USP) or other interactive programs that can develop.
As mentioned above, can provide the one-of-a-kind system that does not need conveyer.In this case, the digitized video that constitutes certain interactive program is stored in such as video tape, video disc, memory () local storage device for example, RAM, ROM, EPROM etc., or in the computer.Preferably, digital video is multiplexed on the standard N TSC signal.Above-mentioned specific memory device can link to each other with any mutual box shown in Fig. 3-5 (interactive box).These mutual boxes will link to each other with a television set.Alternatively, the circuit shown in the below can be realized by a plate among Fig. 3-5, and is inserted in the PC (PC) of standard.Because the PC processor of standard can provide the various functions of processor 108 shown in Fig. 3-5, therefore this mutual plate no longer needs to dispose independent microprocessor.
As shown in Figure 2, interactive TV system can be operated with a kind of two-way configuration.In this pattern, will come each signal is handled in previous described mode, promptly carry out digitized processing by A/D converter 2, compress by video compressor 3 again.These signals are selected the road subsequently and are sent to central board 14.In this embodiment, the switching between each vision signal is finished on the headend rather than on receiver.More options control unit 9 is selected the central board 14 of result's (multiple choice selection) relaying return on remote location by relaying box 17 with user's more options.The selected result of these more options can utilize conventional equipment by relaying box 17, such as double mode cable TV, and phone, or FM load mode relaying returns board.Board 14 receives users' the selected result of more options, and will required signal route to being used for continuing to use in a usual manner the transmitter 5 that transmits required vision signal in this specific user's suitable cable channel.If desired, transmitter 5 also can transmit conventional program being used to broadcast on the cable television channels of interactive program.Alternatively, board 14 can comprise foregoing multiplexing equipment, and thus on an independent television channel, broadcasts many cover interactive modes or non-interactive type programs.
For example, if it wishes to realize interactive football match program relay in aforesaid mode that then it can be that this programs distributes an independent NTSC cable channel.Yet, in this example, at transmitting terminal a plurality of vision signals will appear.In response to the signal from wireless controller 9, relaying box 17 will be to being used for sending a signal for program request spectators' cable TV board required vision signal route.This type systematic generally need be equipped with switching equipment very fast, but also can utilize the technology of digital imagery to realize.
Alternatively, it also may wish to transmit the physical culture contest show by an independent telephone wire.When this user imports a certain selection on the controller 9 after, it will pass through telephone wire, to being used for selecting the central board that the road sends the interactive program desired signal by this user's telephone wire, send a signal, so that it comes simultaneously just selecting and handle from the transmission of a kind of option of selecting from real response in the interactive mode of carrying out on the receiver by single link in the interactive mode of carrying out at receiver selects to switch the multiple choices of headend of operation.
Two-way link between user and the board can be used to other purposes.For example, for commercial object, as be positioned specific rating group advertisement, charging, send the prize-winning number that is used to get prize to match guess activity award-winner, or other commerce or non-commercial purpose can transmit the consensus data to radio network from the user there.
As mentioned above, when the content between frame and the frame includes many during based on the pixel content change (for example, in the process of rapid movement or scene when changing), it is very low that the compression efficiency of compressibility can become usually.And in system according to the present invention, then have the advantage that alleviates the processing burden on the gunzip by program setting.When the user supresses a button on the controller, when selecting required signal,, also can realize a very trickle imperceptible delay if be ready.This delay will allow to decompress or deployment algorithm has one very short period; come corresponding adjustment is made in the quick variation from a kind of vision signal to another kind of vision signal (it can make the efficient of this algorithm descend to some extent usually, disturbs thereby some videos occur on screen).
Fig. 3,4,7,16 and 17 are depicted as according to of the present invention can carry out the receiver 7 of the transparent switching of seamless flicker free (flick-free) and the multiple preferred embodiment of signal selector 8 between the digital video signals on same channel or the different channel.These embodiment can link to each other with the transmission medium of any kind, or just link to each other with any unit storage device that is used for the multiplexing interactive program of digitlization simply.Preferably, receiver 7 and signal selector 8 all are assemblies of the interactive program box 11 that links to each other with television set or other display monitor.Alternatively, by increase some necessary assemblies on PC, it also can merge to RF receiver 7, signal selector 8 and the required function of monitor in the accurate PC of one station symbol.For this kind ability is provided, its need add RF demodulator plate, digital signal separator, decompressor, frame buffer and a Synchronization Component on the PC to and get final product.Above-mentioned object or other assembly, can with Fig. 3,4,7,16 link to each other with memory device with the PC processor shown in 17.In the present embodiment, the user will select by computer keyboard.
Figure 3 shows that a kind of embodiment with independent analog frame buffer.Fig. 4 comprises as described below many to the RF demodulator, error-corrector and demultiplexer and/or a pair of digital video buffer.
Figure 3 shows that a kind of permission carries out the embodiment of the receiver of seamless video switch between two or more independent digital video signals.As shown in Figure 3, microprocessor 108 links to each other with demultiplexer 106 with RF demodulator 102.The mediation Signal Separation of separating of 108 pairs of appropriate channel of microprocessor and data flow is controlled, to obtain correct vision signal.This appropriate channel is to determine by checking from user's input of user interface 130 and/or any out of Memory or the standard (such as Profile information) that is stored among the RAM/ROM 120.For example, as U.S. Patent No. 4,602, described in 279, RAM/ROM 120 can be provided by the multiple order that is provided in each vision signal.130 of user interfaces can be one and be used for receiving infrared type, the radio-type of information or the line style receiver being arranged from more options controller 9.
When compressed digital video was sent to above-mentioned video decode functional part, it at first was stored in the memory 160, till the information that the sufficient to guarantee video flowing is reset continuously under the buffer memory.Just because of the compression property of video information, the information (being 5 to 6 frames on average) that feasible very little buffer 160 relatively just can be preserved sufficient amount.It means from compressed video and is received until its decoded and process of showing, have the delay of abundant length.Therefore, being used for this method for optimizing that set-top box is switched, is when continuing to play original old video on monitor, is selecting new video to the path of video buffer 160.Owing to can create input traffic by producing the correct sliceable MPEG section of grammer, so it can realize said method at an easy rate.Utilize the method, in receiver, will no longer need other hardware.And make spectators feel thus as watching independent one section video flowing that does not have repeating frame and lost frames.
MPEG allows to utilize the data field that is called PCR (program clock reference), reconstructing video clock on receiver 11.This is essential for guaranteeing that decoder can come the video behind the broadcast decoder with the identical speed of its speed of being imported, thereby has avoided losing or the multiimage frame.Mpeg stream embedded out of Memory comprise PTS (reproduction time mark) and DTS (demonstration time mark).It will utilize these signals to keep lip synchronization with audio frequency, and be used for notifying receiver when to play above-mentioned video and audio signal on display.
Figure 4 shows that a kind of alternative dual tuner embodiment that is used between each vision signal, carrying out seamless switching.In this embodiment, it will be under the control of microprocessor 108, selects the institute will be by RF demodulator 102A, and 102B carries out the RF channel of demodulation.
The data flow of demodulation gained enters into forward error correction device (forward error correetor) 104A, among the 104B.And the output by these forward error correction devices, send each data flow to digital signal separator 106A, the input of 106B.
With RF demodulator 102A, 102B is identical, digital signal separator 106A, and 106B is controlled by microprocessor 108.This kind configuration will allow microprocessor 108 independently on different channels and data flow, select two different separately by time-multiplexed vision signal.If all vision signals of certain interactive program all are comprised on an independent channel or the data flow, then it will only need a configuration independent RF demodulator, forward error correction device and connect with it and be fed to two digital signal separators in the digital video buffer.
The standard mpeg stream includes dissimilar coded frame.A plurality of I frames (interior coding) are wherein arranged, P frame (predictive coding) and B frame (bi-directional predicted).Standard MPEG structure is the GOP (group of picture) that often says.GOP generally originates in the I frame, and can end at P or B frame.Common every GOP has only an I frame, but a plurality of P and B frame can be arranged.Although the I frame neither be arranged, for many reasons, there have the I frame to be still to be useful.
The GOP that ends at the B frame is regarded as style of opening.The GOP that ends at the P frame then is regarded as closo.For native system, GOP preferably is closed to guarantee the not having motion vector of sensing at the picture frame of current GOP outside.
In the process of encoding process, in order more efficiently video to be encoded, MPEG also will sort again to original DISPLAY ORDER.And in decoder, in order correctly to show this video, must be the order restoring after resetting original order again.
Frame sequential: 123456789 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Frame type: I B B P B B P B B P I B B P B B P B B P
Typical frame weighs 1423756 10 89 11 14 12 13 17 15 16 20 18 19
Ordering:
Transmission sequence I P B B P B B P B B I P B B P B B P B B
Frame type:
GOP1 GOP2
Splicing occurs in after the B frame of GOP1 end before the I frame with GOP2.Need emphasis to be pointed out that by suitable control, encoder can be encoded to adjustable length GOP, and can place the splicing frame exactly, to realize required mutual effect.If it doesn't matter each other for content, then encoder can splice at the end of each GOP, so that carry out handover operation.Because above-mentioned GOP ends at the P frame, so it will produce the GOP of a closure.
Modified model seamless switching in the digital system
The receiving element embodiment of aforesaid any type all can be used to handle seamless switching.Yet,, can further improve the seamless video switch on the receiving element by encoding process is improved.
What no matter it was represented is a plurality of separate TV programme, or is the different coherent signals in the interactive program, and the key of spectators' visual experience quality is the quality of seamless switching between each digital video signal.The definition of seamless switching is can visually not experience artificial video flowing and switch.The effect of encoding process is exactly the quality that will simplify the seamless switching treatment step and improve its processing.
Wherein, encoding process is to carry out on for the middle position of its subelement (centrallocation) shown in Figure 5.Shown in Fig. 5 for comprising the various video signal 300 of live or the video flowing that originally recorded.The data source of vision signal can be from the video camera that is used for live video, video server, video tape recorder, DVD, suchlike equipment such as satellite-signal feeder.
The standard of vision signal can be a mpeg format, HDTV, PAL or the like.Audio signal 308 then can be derived from CD, tape, microphone or the like.
And a plurality of data codes of sending from data code computer 316 as shown in Figure 5 are to be used for the interactive command of the used interaction process of set-top box transducer as mentioned above.Preferably, these data codes are sources from code computer 316 such as types such as ACTV SGML, the part of interactive SGML (interactive scripting language).These data codes will be simplified the realization of multiple interactive program function choosing-item on the receiving element.Present embodiment needs the data channel that it can be switched synchronously between first video flowing and second video flowing.This data channel includes the code that the message segment on different program element (element) and the different video signal is connected together.
Referring to vision signal 300, each vision signal 300 will be by genlocing, to realize time synchronized thus in audio video synchronization locking device 304 once more.Vision signal after the above-mentioned time synchronized is guided in video and the audio coder 312.In this preferred embodiment, the cable data transponder need dispose a plurality of compatible coding devices 312, with the digital received unit collaborative work on a plurality of remote locations.The present invention preferably by with each command synchronization on the headend on specific video frame and specific audio frame, simplify (facilitate) its interactive application.Other can realize this grade in the grammer standard of MPEG-2,4 or 7 standards synchronously.
For the ease of the seamless switching on each receiving station, it will preferably carry out time synchronized to video encoder 312.The purpose of carrying out above-mentioned Synchronous Processing is, guarantee its a plurality of splice point of being positioned in the video content appear on the correct frame number (frame number).Although be not that all program categories are all needed to obtain this other accuracy of level, it can be realized in this way.It will make the producer have, and carry out the ability of video switch on the frame boundaries in group of picture (GOP) resolution.SMPTE time code or vertical time code (VTC) information can be used to encoder 312 is carried out synchronously.In addition, utilize adjustable length GOP, it can place a splice point (splice) exactly on arbitrary frame.In case receive from the external control device, as the order of actv command code computer 313, it can controlled encoder 312, inserts a splice point on certain frame number position.By improving the encoder on the headend, can guarantee that the seamless switching that is carried out is more effective in the set-top box conversion.
As shown in Figure 5, a plurality of vision signals 300, data code 316 and audio signal are imported in the encoder 312.In this preferred embodiment, encoder 312 input altogether has 4 video channels.Yet,, also can import number greater or less than 4 video flowing according to its content that will transmit.Under current environment, the quality of image is depended in the practical application of video number restriction.Yet after all, it for the number of video that can comprise in the independent channel and audio frequency without limits.In addition, utilize the alternative embodiment that has adopted the dual tuner implementation, current institute is restricted all can be removed.
Preferably, encoder 312 adopts MPEG-2 compressed format.Yet it also can adopt MPEG-4 and MPEG-7, and such as the compressed format that small echo and fractal (fraetle) wait other, compresses processing.These technology all with existing ATSC and the DVB operating such that is used for Digital Video System.Yet, on set-top box, carrying out preferred seamless switching in order to be more convenient for, it will carry out the change of a definite form to mpeg stream.Next with reference to the video frame structure shown in Fig. 6 332, come the above-mentioned change of encoding scheme is described.
When in received signal, running into video-splicing and put 336, will correspondingly switch on the long-range receiving station.By a plurality of splice point are provided, the program switching will become and be easy to.By coupling (adaptation) field data, it can identify each splice point in the program stream.According to user input, be stored in the Profile information in the memory on set-top box transducer or the headend, and, will on these aspects, carry out the program switching from the order of program source.
And put 336 o'clock at the generation video-splicing, video encoder is gone up in each group of picture (GOP) and is inserted a plurality of splice point as shown in Figure 6.A GOP according to the parameter set in the MPEG scheme, is made up of an I frame and a series of P and B frame usually.Preferably, this GOP is encoded into " closo " gop structure, means that promptly this GOP ends at the P frame.Therefore, will the motion vector of next GOP can not appear pointing to.If there is the motion vector from a GOP to another GOP, then it will produce non-natural sign, and can be found out when picture switches.Therefore, it need adopt a kind of gop structure of closo, with compatible mutually with the MPEG grammer, and guarantees visible non-natural sign can not occur after carrying out splicing.
But GOP length is program setting, and can arrive any value in the scope of limited frame of video 1.Yet under the preferable case, GOP will comprise 10-15 frame of video.With reference to Fig. 6, it is depicted as 4 vision signals.Its hope simultaneously can realize the seamless switching from arbitrary vision signal to arbitrary other vision signal.
As shown in Figure 6, seamless video switch occurs on the GOP video frame boundary.For the data of prerecording, need identify splice point earlier for finding out switching point.And need carry out the program (for example sports cast) of " freedom " channel selection for those, will be all GOP boundary codings splice point then.Although it must be seamless switching, if it might not be immediately.For example, order or button input need one limited period and handle.Therefore, it can switch the longest length that reaches 1.5 times of GOP by delayed video.
As shown in Figure 6, utilize the characteristics of mpeg data non real-time in by the process of digital channel transmission, can produce a time slot 340, in this gap 340, decoder can switch to the decoding processing to another video flowing from the decoding processing to a video flowing.Thereby switching time (switch time) has been represented in the gap 340 shown in Fig. 6.Key wherein is that before first packet of next GOP passes through this channel, most of complicated videos will be finished processing and pass through this channel.By encoding, at the end of the GOP that will switch, with some extra times of generation with the data transfer rate that is lower than this channel capacity.In this way, two mpeg streams will be merged together, and generate right-on mpeg data stream on the independent grammer.Wherein, it can utilize the compression scheme of any kind to produce above-mentioned time slot on encoder 312 as shown in Figure 5.
And, then preferably utilize the AC3 form to encode for audio signal.Yet the present invention can change the audio coding scheme of any general type.
All various videos, audio frequency and data-signal all carry out digitlization and combined treatment in encoder 312.Preferably, compression and code signal are exported with DS2, digital high-speed expansion interface (DHEI) or other any conventional form.Data type is unimportant, and it is data.Encoding process is come output digital data stream subsequently to be used for the suitable bit rate of destination channel.
The modulation scheme data transfer rate
64-QAM 29.96Mbps
256-QAM 40Mbps
8VSB 19.3Mbps
64QAM?PAL 42Mbps
256QAM?PAL 56Mbps
Subsequently in a kind of combiner of routine, preferably utilize warbled method, the NTSC combinations of channels that each is independent together, thereby, as described below, it can be on the set-top box transducer, another signal realizing from a signal to the NTSC channel, or the seamless switching from a NTSC channel to another NTSC channel.
In a word, by on encoder 312, signal being carried out time synchronized, encoder is carried out time lock, and be each digital video frequency flow establishment time slot 340 (it has represented the difference between encoding rate and the channel capacity), and realized the seamless switching of decoder.
After finishing coding, modulation and multiplexing process, can be via satellite, radio, landline, broadcasting or any other conventional transmission system, send signal to a plurality of receiving stations.In this preferred embodiment, each signal is to give each remote site by the transmission medium branch of cable or other type.
Receiving station
In receiving station, as on receiver shown in Figure 7, it comes received signal by tuner mechanism 344.When adopt be satellite dispensing mode the time, tuner 344 can be a kind of broad band tuner, and for the mpeg signal of standard, it then can be a kind of arrowband tuner, or also can be as described below, be used at the two or more tuners that between the unlike signal on the different channel, carry out seamless switching.For mpeg signal, modulator 344 be tuned to by on the indicated specific NTSC channel of the given order of primary processor 360.This primary processor 360 is Motorola 68331 processors preferably, but also can be any PowerPC of comprising
TM, IntelPentium
TMDeng at interior any other general type processor.
This signal is forwarded to modulator 364 subsequently.364 pairs of these composite signals of modulator are carried out demodulation, remove FEC, and each digital signal is transmitted to video and audio decoder 372.In digital decoder 372 there, will separate and decompress each signal.Decoder 372 removes program identification number (PID), and gives suitable decoder with these PID routes, and no matter it is video, data, audio frequency or figure.Audio frequency preferably is forwarded to Dolby
TMDigital processing IC380.Subsequently, it will be in the following manner, comes selected video and audio frequency are decoded, and video is sent to digital video-simulation (D/A) transducer 388 that is used to prepare selected video to display.
Phase-locked loop (PLL) recovers to be coded in the encoded clock in the PCR section of MPEG matching field.Preferably, it utilizes a ROM to preserve the operating system that is used for receiving element 342, utilizes flash memory (Flash-ROM) to back up simultaneously, uses for downloading code.In addition, also be connected with many other storage devices on decoder 372,380 and the graphic chips 376, to be used for storing for example graphics overlay partial data (graphic overlay).In addition, each domestic consumer's file data also can be stored among non-volatile ram or the ROM 352.
Wherein, loopback channel (backchannel) encoder and modulator 368 also be equipped with, to be used for that data are sent it back headend.These type of data can comprise Profile information, and mutual the selection is used for doing to specific rating group demographic information's data of advertisement, and match guess score waits suchlike information.
In addition, receiving element 342 allows new application software is downloaded thereon.These application software can be controlled this unit under the situation that hardware condition allows, and the function that redefines these unit.The scope of above-mentioned control can be very extensive, comprises counter plate picture (front-panel display), screen-picture, all control of input and output port, mpeg decoder, RF tuner, graphic chips and function of infrared remote control mapping.
Preferably, interactive program technology of the present invention comprises the picture that a plurality of camera angle are provided, and broadcasts suchlike functions such as advertisement at the individual, realizes in receiving element 342 as application software.Its corresponding application preferably is stored among the ROM or flash memory 352 of receiving element as shown in Figure 7.Yet above-mentioned interaction technique application program also can be stored in the storage device of other any kind that comprises RAM, EPROM, EEPROM, PROM etc.Similarly, this software also should access and is controlled the various hardware elements of this device.No longer need other hardware just can in receiving element 342, fully use above-mentioned interactive program technology, realize aforesaid performance.
The present invention can use the conventional remote control 348 of any kind.Yet preferably, remote control 348 is a kind of infrared type (IR) devices, and includes 4 or a plurality of function choosing-item button and relevant IR code thereof.
Next will the seamless video switch on the receiving element 342 be described.Receiving element 342 as shown in Figure 7 preferably can carry out real-time MPEG-2, MPEG-4 or MPEG-7 decoding.User interactions and information that receiving element 342 monitoring sends from program source, and the seamless switching that video and audio stream are suited.
According to spectators' response and request, this unit carries out seamless switching automatically and seamlessly between video, figure and the audio program sequence (programming sequence) that have reflected the previous responses of spectators.Interaction technique allows very high level interactivity, and simultaneously and do not require and send back any information to program source in set-top box unit 342.
In Video Decoder 372 as shown in Figure 7, it removes header information data from mpeg data stream.This particular video frequency is subsequently according to selected from the order of primary processor 360.Simultaneously, relative audio frequency then is sent to audio decoder portion 380.The video of being chosen is buffered in earlier in the video buffer of standard, then exports, so that it is decoded again.Buffer sizes is defined by mpeg standard.When beginning to decode, it must take the sufficiently long time in, to come " filling up " this buffer with I frame and other data.
After buffer memory finished, each step that the video of being chosen will be handled by mpeg decode was wherein preferably utilized length-changeable decoding (VLD) method.Usually, the length-changeable decoding technology will be carried out coded data circulation with running length and will be changed to the longer slightly bit stream format of length.This bit stream is decoded as its corresponding composition, i.e. motion vector, dct coefficient and like that are so that reconstruct this video.Then, it utilizes an inverse discrete cosine transformation (DCT) filter, and this data flow is converted to frequency domain information.If each frame is (intercode) that encodes in related each other mode, then it can produce pixel data and it will be stored in the buffer.
Next with reference to Fig. 7, to describing from a seamless switching to another mpeg video stream.Each time switching all appears on as shown in Figure 6 each splice point.When as shown in Figure 7 demultiplexer/decoder 372 " runs into " above-mentioned splice point, it will switch to the selected vision signal that is sent in the buffer.Subsequently, from primary processor 360 next signal PID is encased in the decoder 372.In order to be implemented to one switching in 4 video flowings, Video Decoder 372 as shown in Figure 7, PID number of must be able to identify new video stream.In addition, for the ease of between a plurality of separate videos and audio stream, carrying out seamless switching, each input video and audio stream will preferably have respectively belong to its oneself and be the PID known to the interactive application software of being stored in the memory of set-top box transducer 342.It must call corresponding routine and carry out described handover operation subsequently.Next PID that has identified next selected vision signal then can or utilize the Interactive control code or simultaneously according to both, determines according to user's selection.The next PID in case packed into, then decoder 372 will begin to inquire about selected video flowing, and simultaneously, owing to create gappedly 340 in video data stream, so decoder 372 can be found out the header of next vision signal.In case decoder has been seen the splice point sign of first video, has identified second vision signal by decoder simultaneously, then when first vision signal continued to broadcast, second compressed video signal was loaded in the buffer beginning.Wherein, will select new vision signal according to user's selection or according to mutual control routine.
Carry out the required a plurality of identification items (item) of seamless switching and include splice point counter and splice point sign.These two signs are placed in the matching field of mpeg video stream.The splice point counters table is understood the number of the video packets of data before this splice point.The splice point sign has shown that having splicing in this data flow counts (splice count).In case decoder 372 has been determined this splice point, it can begin next vision signal of buffer memory, and continue this signal is decompressed, and just look like the same on a mpeg stream.
Audio frequency switches
The same with video flowing, preferably, in each service, have 4 AC-3 audio streams that identify by unique PID respectively.Above-mentioned PID number is when enabling this kind interactive service, obtains from the MPEG-2 transmission table such as SI, PG and PM.Part among these PID is selected as default voice-grade channel, and chosen when obtaining certain service.Remaining 3 channel is chosen wantonly, and it should import selected according to control messages and/or user by control program.Although voice-grade channel is all switched according to relevant video channel usually, it also can switch independently.
In the present embodiment, shown in the digital frame representation (representation) 392 of 4 audio streams as shown in Figure 8, switching occurs on each frame boundaries.When a channel switches on another channel, may lose a picture frame (in this example, being frame 5), and audio frequency will restart from the frame 6 of new channel.Audio decoder 380 can switch by carrying out audio frequency by decoder 312 insertion audio frequency splice point as shown in Figure 5.Preferably, decoder 312 will count down in the splicing of the matching field of current audio frame and insert suitable numerical value in the time slot.
When audio decoder 380 detected this splice point, decoder 380 will the switch audio channel.Although above-mentioned audio frequency splicing is not seamless, it almost is imperceptible concerning the user.
Data command
Because data command in numerical value embodiment to time-sensitive, so it will send by order data PID (package identification) from headend.These orders must be carried out in encoder-side and video GOP synchronously.In order to realize aforesaid operations, data code computer 316 as shown in Figure 5 must send as whole packet in the order that each is independent.And every order can only be made of 2 bytes.Therefore, its generator must be filled the remaining byte of this packet with code FF (16 system).When this whole packet is sent to encoder 312, encoder 312 will transmit processing to it as early as possible.If only there is the partial data bag to be sent to encoder 312, then encoder 312 will can not send order, in receiving this packet till remaining all the other each bar orders.
Each bar order, as at (1) ACTV code speech, education type command set 1.1 editions, and (2) ACTV code speech, amusement extended command set 2.0 editions (they all are accommodated in this specification as a reference) is defined, is by the long command string of 2 bytes to 6 bytes formed together.This order data will be exported to the ISO interface of encoder, will fill up packet simultaneously, to guarantee to finish in time the transmission of command code.
Control program preferably is stored among the RAM 352.The instruction that processor 360 receives from control program.In addition, button input, Profile information and the control messages such as user response is used for being switched and determined by processor 360.
Preferably, this control program moves with 5 kinds of patterns that determined by received interactive command message.These 5 kinds of patterns are respectively:
Import switch audio and/or video according to the user
According to user's input and the data switch audio of being stored
According to user's input and data switch audio and/or the video stored
According to control messages switch audio and/or video
Can adopt multiple above-mentioned pattern simultaneously according to control messages and previous input switch audio and/or this control program of video of being stored.
First kind of top pattern, " switch audio and video channel " is the simplest operational mode.This control program " is assigned " order by microprocessor 360, accepting a kind of in 4 kinds of remote controller key codes, and switches corresponding audio/video channel.This program is carried out this kind switching on the video frame boundary on the current GOP end.In case shown new channel, this program has and is used to from headend, perhaps with the new text and/or the visual message of local mode storage, upgrades the ability of screen-picture.
Second kind of top pattern, will show an independent video channel continuously at " showing a video channel and switch audio channel ".When it receives the remote controller key input code, video will continue to broadcast, and audio channel will be switched.As mentioned above, by checking the splice point count value in the matching field, it can determine the suitable audio frame boundaries.The selection of having been done by the user is stored in the ram register.When the user makes one's options, this program will be checked above-mentioned key code and previous selection of storing once more, to determine next audio channel.
Aforesaid the third pattern, " according to user's input and previous selection switch audio/video channel " will show an initial audio/video channel.When command messages stream is given an order, on screen-picture, will show its text message.This program is waited for user's input immediately.When it receives the user when importing, it will select to be stored in the ram register with previous user.Utilize this program that this register is checked, and determine next audio/video channel to display according to the logic of being stored subsequently.
Superincumbent the 4th kind of pattern is " according to control messages switch audio/video channel ", and it also will show an initial audio/video channel.Said procedure is waited for the control input from control messages stream subsequently.According to this input, this program is switched each channel on the video frame boundary of current GOP end.
The 5th kind of top pattern, " switching according to control messages and previous selection " will show an initial audio/video channel.Said procedure is waited for the control input from control messages stream subsequently.When the control messages input was received, it will be stored in the ram register with previous user's selection and control messages.Said procedure will be checked this register subsequently, to determine next audio/video channel to display.
Digital Video System and application thereof
Next will be to the digital embodiment as shown in Fig. 1-8, and following several application with reference to Figure 16 and 17 illustrated dual tuner embodiment describe.
Switch in the TV broadcasting station
In this embodiment 412, the seamless switching from a signal to another signal is finished in TV broadcasting control centre, and is forwarded to number receiving system as shown in Figure 9.At headend 396, it will be combined a plurality of digital programs according to aforesaid any method.
In case receive the program that is broadcasted by the broadcasting station, then each signal will be fed in the digital data stream selector 400.This selector by as above-mentioned a kind of alternative embodiment that is used to carry out seamless switching in office (Fig. 1-4,7,15-17) in the element of illustrated mistake constitute, just the position of this element is not on remote site.No matter digital stream selector 400 is between a plurality of multiplexed signalss in the data flow on being centered close to a channel of certain frequency, still between the signal in different data streams, or select in from certain received signal to the scope that is broken for commercialsy, above-mentioned switching all is seamless in embodiment as shown in Figure 9.As mentioned above, above-mentioned selection is as the radio station privilege, the long-distance user selects and/or Profile information (by what loopback channel transmitted), or the function of specific rating group's advertisement carries out.
In case it has made selection, then it can send programme signal to remote site 408, to play by the conventional equipment 404 of any type.
Uncorrelated program switches
Figure 10 shows that and be used for a kind of embodiment 430 of between uncorrelated program, switching.In other words, it just switches to next TV channel from a TV channel simply.At present, in digital environment, it can't be implemented under the situation that does not occur glimmering, the switching from a signal to another signal.System as described herein can make spectators switch to another program from a program, and no matter whether it is relevant, and the transition between it all is seamless.In other words, switching to the process of another program, visible non-natural sign will can not occur from a program.
If each program is all handled and is multiplexed in the mpeg stream through overcompression, any embodiment then disclosed herein all can carry out seamless switching.If each program is on independent NTSC channel, then it must use a kind of among various numerals " dual tuner " embodiment (Fig. 4,16 and 17), to allow to carry out frequency shift (FS).
Figure 10 shows that the schematic diagram of high level (high-level) element of the system 430 that is used for uncorrelated program switching.Preferably, above-mentioned uncorrelated program has all passed through compression and has handled, and utilizes mpeg stream that it is multiplexed in the data flow of a NTSC channel of a use on video encoder.Uncorrelated program can be incorporated in the mpeg stream, or also can be sent on the different NTSC channels.For example, above-mentioned program can be made up of physical culture, news, serial or children's programs.These programs are modulated by modulator/upconverter 420, and transmit by aforesaid any suitable conveyer.
The end user can be on data monitor/tuner, PC, or the external transducer 428 (when can carry out seamless switching on this transducer the time) by linking to each other with simulated television, watches above-mentioned digital program.Any of said apparatus all can allow the user according to its oneself hobby, and carries out " surfing " on each channel.In addition, receiving element also can be selected Fig. 1-4,7 for use, any alternative embodiment shown in the 15-17.
Seamless switching in many events program
In this uses, as shown in figure 11, provide system 450, between each the independent event in the independent program so that the user can be switched.For example, when carrying out the Olympic tournament relay, may comprise multiple program corresponding to multiple different sports such as for example skiing, ski-running, figure skating, ski jumping.Preferably, it will be on video encoder pedestal (chassis) 434, to these independently the event program compress, and it is multiplexed in the MPEG digital stream, pass through modulator/upconverter 438 subsequently again, and, transmit as independent NTSC signal by conveyer 442.Yet, also these event programs can be encoded to respectively on the NTSC channel independent of each other in the broadcasting center.
After modulation and ensuing transmission processing, will receive these programs on a plurality of remote sites 446.These remote sites 446 include, and one includes data monitor/tuner, PC, or the receiving element of the external digital transducer that links to each other with monitor.The user then can pass through its remote control, selects between different event programs.When the user wants to switch on another event program, hand-off process will seamlessly be carried out according to aforesaid any method and system.
Seamless picture-in-picture program switches
Figure 12 discloses a kind of embodiment 470 that utilization " picture-in-picture " is preferably being switched between the uncorrelated program that is used for.No matter switch between the program that whether showing with little frame of this user and the program with big frame demonstration, utilize system and method as described herein, this type of all switchings will all be seamless.
Spectators can switch to another program from a program in any of two shown windows.In other words, switching to the process of another program, visible non-natural sign will can not occur from a program.
Shown in Figure 12 is to be used for the high-level element that the picture-in-picture program switches 470 system.Preferably, on video encoder pedestal 454, with the compression of 4 to 7 programs and be multiplexed in the mpeg stream, again in the data flow to the NTSC channel.On video encoder pedestal 454, other program also can be combined into other mpeg data stream.For example, above-mentioned program can comprise physical culture, news, serial or children's programs.Wherein, can these programs be modulated, and transmit by any suitable conveyer in aforesaid mode.
The end user can be on data monitor/tuner, PC, or the external transducer 428 (when can carry out seamless switching on this transducer the time) by linking to each other with simulated television, watches above-mentioned digital program.This embodiment and flow process shown in Figure 12 will allow the user to call picture-in-picture function, and seamlessly switch between the variant program in an independent mpeg stream.If want to switch on another from a MPEG multiplex stream, above-mentioned transducer, PC or data monitor/tuner 466 will need to adopt a plurality of tuner/decoder, and Fig. 4 has provided its several examples in 16 and 17.
Switching in a plurality of commerce/shopping program
Figure 13 shows a kind of transaction system with return path.Identical with aforesaid other embodiment, 474 pairs of a plurality of different programs of video encoder compress, and it is multiplexed on one or more NTSC channels, it is sent to a plurality of remote sites.
Preferably, a plurality of dissimilar shopping programs are compressed and are multiplexed on the independent NTSC channel.For example, program at clothes, jewellery, household utensil or the like can be arranged respectively.If needed program is more than the number of programs that is allowed on the independent NTSC channel, then the present invention also can use the NTSC channel more than.
These programs are transmitted to end user's receiving element 486 as shown in figure 13 by suitable conveyer 482.On receiving element 486, the user can seamlessly be switched between the program of different product kind.Alternatively, receiving element 486 also can switch on certain product program according to Profile or demographic information.In this way, have only those the most approaching couplings or be suitable for the product of unique individual's interest and demand, will be demonstrated to this user.These data can be stored in receiving element 486 or the headend.
If the user determines it to want to buy certain product or receives extraneous information about certain product that then it can adopt all loopback channels 490 as shown in figure 10, and this type of request is sent back the center.
Digital program intercuts-addressable advertising broadcast (addressable advertising)
A kind of embodiment 526 of providing digital program to intercut of being used to is provided.The scheduled time in the broadcast items process, will play some advertisement to spectators by it.According to Profile information or demographic information, also can play " personalization " advertisement (individualized) at specific spectators.Next will describe at specific rating group's advertisement form this type of.
At middle position, many advertisements are inserted into program and broadcast in the stream.What preferably, this middle position adopted is a kind of being used for advertisement to be inserted into the hybrid digital insertion system that program goes.Described in " the wired advertisement white paper of CableLab " taken in as a reference herein, the hybrid digital system utilizes computer, and disc driver and decoding card have replaced the magnetic tape station (tape deck) of analogue system.Ad content 506 can stem from any in the multiple possible data source, comprising (but being not limited in this): server, magnetic tape station, satellite-signal feeder.As for the storage aspect, preferably will be, and utilize MPEG1 by processed offline, MPEG1.5, MPEG2, or other suitable method come each luminous point (spot) is carried out digital coding and compression is handled.From the encoder to the server,, can finish by network or disk or tape again to the dispensing of playback system.
After finishing coding, luminous point will be given server by branch, to store, carry out playback time up to needs.Preferably, luminous point can directly be played on the decoding card, to convert it back to analog signal from server.This luminous point is converted into analog signal, will send by the mode of insertion change over switch with routine subsequently.With after as above described method is finished digital coding and compression to each camera lens with reference to Fig. 5, its output video and audio frequency will be forwarded to the Voice ﹠ Video encoder shown in the central station configuration among Fig. 5.
Although its efficient, is utilized conventional employing simulation not as the digital advertisement inserting method or based on the advertisement insertion system of the system of tape, also can realize advertisement is inserted into actual switching in the program.
Be inserted into advertisement in the program stream and the broadcast of advertisement, all utilize signaling and addressability order to insert device 498 and control.By being the interested advertisement of some its meeting of some spectators " addressing ", just can realize the personalized advertisement propaganda.For example, certain motor corporation may want to make its Commdity advertisement " personalization ", to satisfy spectators' different demands and wish best.If it knows that certain specific user is the male sex and likes outdoor activities, just then the producer may be intended for the physical culture special-purpose vehicle of its broadcast corresponding to this motor corporation, and the advertisement of not playing its Light Duty Commercial Car.According to the data that are stored in the data flow on the long-range end user unit or be addressed to this end user by the stb controller in the headend of this program provider, can give the end user with these advertisements " propelling movement " corresponding to its hobby.
Preferably, it will come multiple advertising function option is encoded according to the described mode of reference Fig. 5.Because advertisement camera lens video has been carried out forced synchronism and time synchronized on encoder 510, therefore the switching from main program to one of each advertisement will be seamless for spectators.Seamless switching from one group of signal to another group signal in server
Next will be according to another embodiment, the hand-off process between live and the video content that provides is described.With opposite to the switching of another independent digital signal from an independent digital signal, this embodiment allows the seamless switching from one group of signal to another group signal.This is so that its output bit stream continuous and correct mode on the MPEG grammer is carried out with regard to requiring above-mentioned switching transition.Correct switching will guarantee that the standard mpeg decoder of any kind all can wherein not have wrong data flow as broadcast, plays resulting bit stream.
The preferred embodiment 530 that is used to carry out this kind switching that is shown in Figure 15.Each element shown in Figure 15 is positioned on the cable data transponder, or alternatively, is arranged in a centralized op who is used for the satellite distribution network in the heart.For the ease of describing, the live signal group is labeled as A group signal, group-b signal then is assumed to be the signal of being stored of prerecording (preferably being stored on the server 550).For example, A group signal can comprise a plurality of vision signals of having represented each different cameras angle in certain sporting events.Group-b signal then can be represented a series of Commdity advertisement.Yet, its A that it should be understood that group signal and group-b signal all can represent that prerecord or live signal.
In this embodiment, it wants to switch on the group-b signal from A group signal.And A group signal is to receive from the real-time encoder 546 that is positioned on the Local or Remote website on the server 550.Simultaneously, it will insert special-purpose MPEG digital data packet in the group of the A on specific channel content stream.Order and control terminal 534 then will provide the analog tone (tone) of above-mentioned vision signal before carrying out analog-digital conversion.In case these signals arrive real-time encoder 546 theres from order and control terminal 534, then real-time encoder 546 will insert a digital mono on the correct position point in A group signal digital data flow when detecting analog tone.After having inserted above-mentioned single-tone, it will be from this A group digital stream of real-time encoder 546 output, and it is transmitted to server 550 on the headend.Server 550 1 receives the A group data stream, and the MPEG that just it is transmitted in the server 550 transmits switching device.Control terminal 538 will transmit the server switching device to this MPEG and send an order, so that this switch begins to seek the digital mono that is before inserted.
For the B group content of resetting, this server switching device must decode timing information from A group digital data stream, and subsequently, is used to the suitable timing signal from A group signal, comes B group content is carried out mark again.Preferably, it is by to the PCR video flowing (preferably, it is for embedding the same data flow that above-mentioned digital mono is arranged) carry out forced synchronism and from this video flowing, separate program clock reference (PCR), create out the encoded clock of original A group content thus, realize.
In case detect this digital mono, the server switching device just starts to by B group and prerecords the conversion that B group digital data that signal forms flows.Preferably, this server switching device has the knowledge formerly about B group content-length, and therefore, when this server switching device detects the end of B group content, it will switch back A group content.Gained digital data stream output from the server to the transmitter includes A group and B group content simultaneously.And as mentioned above, transmitter 554 will be transmitted to long-range receiving station to digital data stream, to broadcast.
In this way, playing by some period in the process of the represented sports tournament of a plurality of live digital video signals (being A group content), for example, according to for example action of server switch, received video flowing on the receiving converter unit will automatically carry out the transition to the B group content of storage in advance.As mentioned above, the decoder on the receiving station will be selected an advertisement in the B group content subsequently.At the end of these advertisements, this decoder will be as mentioned above, automatically restarts to receive A group content, and select a live signal.In this way, it can be realized from live video content to the seamless switching of prerecording content.
The dual tuner embodiment that is used for seamless switching
Numerical data flows to the seamless switching of digital data stream
Figure 16 A and 16B are depicted as, and are used to provide from being positioned at the digital signal of a channel (being designated hereinafter simply as " channel A "), to the dual tuner embodiment 558 of the seamless switching that is positioned at another channel (being designated hereinafter simply as " channel B ").In this embodiment, two tuner 560A are provided, 560B (being used for tuning independently channel), microprocessor 564 (be used to select channel and be embedded in wherein digital signal), digital demodulator 568A, 568B (being used for the signal of demodulation) from carrier wave, digital signal separator/decoder 572 (being used for separating the data of selected audio frequency, video and selected content) and video-stream processor 576 (being used for vision signal to display is formatd) from the composite number digital data streams.
This embodiment will be as follows, and a digital data stream from channel A switches to another digital data stream in the B channel.The first tuner 560A is tuned to channel A and goes up and receive a composite number digital data streams (preferably being made up of a plurality of digital videos, audio frequency and/or data-signal in the channel correlation).This composite number digital data streams is sent to digital demodulator 568A from the first tuner 560A, to carry out demodulation.And the type of demodulation can be any suitable type.
This composite number digital data streams is sent to digital signal separator/decoder 572 subsequently, wherein earlier in demultiplexer 573, from the composite number digital data streams, separate selected Voice ﹠ Video signal, and respectively it is transmitted to Voice ﹠ Video decoder 575 and 574 subsequently.Subsequently, will decompress and decode these signals according to its signal encoding scheme (preferably a kind of MPEG scheme).In case decoding finishes, above-mentioned Voice ﹠ Video (and/or data, if desired) will be forwarded to video-stream processor 576, send to monitor by it more subsequently.
Another digital signal that will switch on the channel B in case make decision gets on, and then microprocessor 564 will send an order to the second tuner 560B, with in advance be tuned on the frequency of channel B.Composite number digital data streams among the channel B is forwarded to digital signal separator/decoder 572 after handling through demodulator 568B.At this moment, digital signal separator 572 will receive the digital data stream that is positioned on channel A and the channel B simultaneously.Therefore, if when channel A and channel B have all carried 4 kinds of digital signals, demultiplexer 572 will receive 8 digital signals.Subsequently, of will receive from microprocessor 564 of this digital signal separator 572 indicates the order that will always separate which digital signal in the composite number digital data streams of channel B.Digital signal separator/decoder 572 always separates video and the audio frequency of being chosen (and/or data) respectively in the composite number digital data streams of channel A and B thus.Then, these selected signals are forwarded to video and audio decoder 574 and 575.Video Decoder 574 then will switch on the vision signal of newly choosing from current shown vision signal with as above with reference to Fig. 6 and 7 described methods.Therefore, the splice point in the decoder 574 identification current data streams.In case decoder 574 detects splice point, it will determine to switch to the suitable time of second data flow.Subsequently, decoder 574 will begin in the second data flow load buffer, and utilize the time slot in first data flow to realize seamless switching.In case decoder has been exported second data flow, it just is forwarded to video-stream processor 576, will format accordingly this vision signal in order to show at this.
Audio decoder 575 is used for, and with reference to the described mode of Figure 11, carries out flowing to from current audio frequency the switching of second audio stream with as above.In case finished above-mentioned switching, then second audio stream will be forwarded to video-stream processor 576.
From the analog signal to the digital signal, or the switching from the digital signal to the analog signal
Figure 17 shows that dual tuner embodiment 590, be used for from being positioned at the analog signal on the RF channel, switching or its reverse switching of the signal that compresses with digital form in the 2nd RF channel.In this embodiment, spectators are watching specific channel on certain characteristic frequency (no matter it is simulation or digital signal), and its decision then switches on another channel of another RF frequency (no matter it is simulation or digital signal).Wherein used two tuner 560A, 560B carries out the conversion from a RF frequency to another different RF frequency.
Suppose for example that these spectators are current and watching that certain has the channel of analog signal (channel A), and decision now will switch on the signal with the digital form compression in another different channel (channel B), then present embodiment will be operated as follows.For analog signal, one of them tuner 560A be tuned on the RF frequency relevant with channel A.What therefore this channel transmitted is analog signal, so tuner 560A will be sent to analog demodulator 569A and VBI decoder 570A to this signal.Analog demodulator 569A can utilize any common conventional simulation demodulation scheme in the art, and this analog signal is carried out demodulation.VBI decoder 570A then will separate any information (for example, interactive command finishes captions (close captioning)) that is embedded in the vertical blanking interval (VBI).Analog signal after the demodulation is forwarded to simulation video-stream processor 580 subsequently, by it this analog signal is formatd, and outputs it to VBI switch 588 subsequently, sends display unit to by it again.
When its decision will switch on the channel that includes multiplexing and compression digital signal, microprocessor 564 will be determined the RF frequency of this channel, and its information is transmitted to the second tuner 560B by an order.The second tuner 560B one receives this order, its just in advance be tuned on specified the 2nd RF frequency (channel B).The output of channel B is forwarded in the input of digital demodulator 568B subsequently, utilizes any in the art common digital demodulation scheme to carry out demodulation process by it.Then demodulator 568B exports this digital data stream, and is received by digital signal separator/decoder 572.Microprocessor 564 sends an order that indicates selected digital signal to this Signal Separation 572.572 pairs of a plurality of digital signals of digital signal separator/decoder are carried out Signal Separation, and it is decompressed.Subsequently will be with as above with reference to the illustrated mode of Figure 16, selected sub-signal (the audio frequency of gained will be handled, video and data) be transmitted to suitable decoder 574,575 (seeing Figure 16 B), Video Decoder 574 will begin this video information is decoded thus, and, notify this data flow correctly to be decoded in the mode of signal to signal of microprocessor 564 transmissions, audio frequency and image are just keeping lip synchronization simultaneously.
Above-mentioned video and audio frequency are forwarded to digital video-stream processor 584 subsequently, wherein will be converted to analog form to each signal from digital form.Resulting and the corresponding analog signal of channel B is imported in the VBI switch 588 subsequently.In case microprocessor 564 says the word in the time of will switching between two videos, then VBI switch 588 will switch in the suitable period of vertical blanking interval, thereby realize the switching from the analog channel to the digital channel.
If it wants to switch to analog channel from digital channel, then only need simply above-mentioned processing is carried out conversely, simultaneously the second tuner 560B in advance be tuned to get final product on the analog channel.In addition, embodiment shown in Figure 17 also can switch to analog channel from analog channel.
Should recognize, in defined scope of the present invention, can carry out the modification and the correction of various ways as claims.
Claims (26)
1. receiving element is used for program receiving and can carries out from first analog signal to second analog signal, from the analog signal to the digital signal, or the seamless switching from first digital video signal to second digital video signal, this receiving element comprises:
Microprocessor is used for selecting it in the lump selected vision signal to be carried out seamless switching from vision signal;
A pair of tuner, it is connected with microprocessor, be used for be tuned to the RF channel, wherein this is to the Instruction Selection RF channel of tuner according to microprocessor;
A pair of analog demodulator, each analog demodulator are connected with one of described tuner respectively and are arranged to receive an analog signal;
A pair of digital demodulator, each digital demodulator are connected with one of described tuner respectively and are arranged to receive a digital signal;
Digital separating unit/decoder, it is connected with described right digital demodulator, is used to separate digital signal, the described digital signal that decompresses, and the seamless switching of execution from a digital video signal to another digital video signal;
The numeral video-stream processor, it is connected with the output of described digital separating unit/decoder, is used for the output digital signal of described decompression is converted to analog signal;
The vertical blanking interval switch, it is connected with the output of described digital video-stream processor and the output services of described analog demodulator, is used to carry out the seamless switching between the analog video signal.
2. receiving element according to claim 1, further comprise: the simulation video-stream processor, it is arranged being formatd by the analog signal of demodulation, and the output of described simulation video-stream processor and described analog demodulator and described vertical blanking interval switch are connected thus the output of described analog demodulator is carried out work with described vertical blanking interval switch and are connected.
3. receiving element according to claim 1 and 2, wherein the digital video signal that is switched to comprises two video frequency programs of picture-in-picture form.
4. receiving element according to claim 1 and 2, wherein at least one described vision signal is to receive one of the group of network in having comprised satellite delivery system, wired transmitting system, broadcast transmission system, dedicated network and stadium.
5. receiving element according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said receiving element is to select the group of content below having comprised: the computer workstation that has TV card, the TV that is connected with the work of simulation cable set top box, Digital Television, the TV that is connected with the work of digital cable box is with the TV that is connected with computer workstation work.
6. receiving element according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said receiving element unit are positioned at the place, broadcasting station, and further comprise the device that communicates the signals to distant station.
7. receiving element according to claim 1 and 2 is one of at least corresponding with predetermined video camera visual angle in two video frequency programs of the digital video signal that wherein switches to.
8. receiving element according to claim 1 and 2 is presented corresponding to main program one of at least in two video frequency programs of the digital video signal that wherein switches to.
9. receiving element according to claim 1 and 2 is to select from the group that has comprised Live Program incident and prerecording programming events one of at least in two video frequency programs of the digital video signal that wherein switches to.
10. receiving element according to claim 1 and 2, in two video frequency programs of the digital video signal that wherein switches to one of at least corresponding to playback.
11. receiving element according to claim 1 and 2, one of at least present corresponding to main program in two video frequency programs of the digital video signal that wherein switches to, another digital video signal is corresponding to one that selects from following group: reset, predetermined video camera visual angle, advertisement, individual focuses on, slow motion video and player statistics.
12. receiving element according to claim 1 and 2, wherein at least one described vision signal is to receive one of the group of content below having comprised: digital video disk, CD ROM, hard disc of computer.
13. receiving element according to claim 1, wherein the analog video signal that is switched to comprises two video frequency programs of picture-in-picture form.
14. receiving element according to claim 13 is one of at least corresponding with predetermined video camera visual angle in two video frequency programs of the analog video signal that wherein switches to.
15., present one of at least in two video frequency programs of the analog video signal that wherein switches to corresponding to main program according to claim 13 or 14 described receiving elements.
16., be from the group that has comprised Live Program incident and prerecording programming events, to select one of at least in two video frequency programs of the analog video signal that wherein switches to according to claim 13 or 14 described receiving elements.
17. according to claim 13 or 14 described receiving elements, in two video frequency programs of the analog video signal that wherein switches to one of at least corresponding to playback.
18. according to claim 13 or 14 described receiving elements, one of at least present corresponding to main program in two video frequency programs of the analog video signal that wherein switches to, another vision signal is corresponding to one that selects from following group: reset, predetermined video camera visual angle, advertisement, individual focuses on, slow motion video and player statistics.
19. seamless switching unit, be used for program receiving and seamlessly switch to multiplexing analog video signal second programme signal that the 2nd RF channel receives from the multiplexing digital video signal of first programme signal that a RF channel receives, this seamless switching unit comprises:
Microprocessor, this microprocessor is carried out the switching from the digital video signal to the analog video signal;
First tuner, it is connected with described microprocessor, be used for be tuned to a described RF channel;
Digital demodulator, it is connected with described first tuner, is used for described first programme signal of demodulation;
Digital separating unit/decoder, it is connected with microprocessor with digital demodulator, is used for first programme signal is separated with the acquisition digital video signal, and digital signal is decompressed and decodes;
The numeral video-stream processor, it is connected with described digital separating unit/decoder, is used for digital video signal is converted to analog quantity;
Second tuner, it is connected with microprocessor, this second tuner in advance be tuned to the 2nd RF channel;
Analog demodulator, it is connected with second tuner, is used for receiving and demodulated analog signal;
The simulation video-stream processor is connected to described analog demodulator, is used to format the analog signal of demodulation; With
The vertical blanking interval switch, it is connected with the output of described digital video-stream processor and the output services of described simulation video-stream processor, is used for seamlessly switching to analog video signal from the digital video signal of being changed during the vertical blanking interval of signal.
20. seamless switching according to claim 19 unit, wherein said vertical blanking interval switch is connected with the output of described analog demodulator by the simulation video-stream processor, and described simulation video-stream processor is arranged the analog signal of institute's demodulation is formatd.
21. according to claim 19 or 20 described seamless switching unit, wherein said analog video signal comprises two video frequency programs that show simultaneously with the picture-in-picture form, described switch unit further comprises:
Display unit, be used for side by side or the form of picture-in-picture show two video frequency programs that described analog video signal comprises simultaneously.
22. according to claim 19 or 20 described seamless switching unit, wherein said digital video signal and described analog video signal comprise incoherent program.
23., one of at least be to receive one of the group of network in having comprised satellite delivery system, wired transmitting system, broadcast transmission system, dedicated network and stadium in wherein said first and second programme signals according to claim 19 or 20 described seamless switching unit.
24. according to claim 19 or 20 described seamless switching unit, wherein said switch unit is to select the group of content below having comprised: the computer workstation that has TV card, the TV that is connected with the work of simulation cable set top box, Digital Television, the TV that is connected with the work of digital cable box is with the TV that is connected with computer workstation work.
25., present one of at least in two video frequency programs of the analog video signal that wherein switches to corresponding to main program according to claim 19 or 20 described seamless switching unit.
26. it is, one of at least corresponding in two video frequency programs of the analog video signal that wherein switches to predetermined video camera visual angle according to claim 19 or 20 described seamless switching unit.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US15406998A | 1998-09-16 | 1998-09-16 | |
| US09/154,069 | 1998-09-16 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB988112116A Division CN1214633C (en) | 1998-09-16 | 1998-12-16 | Compressed digital-data seamless video switching system |
Publications (2)
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| CN1533178A CN1533178A (en) | 2004-09-29 |
| CN100380962C true CN100380962C (en) | 2008-04-09 |
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| CNB2003101248468A Expired - Lifetime CN100380961C (en) | 1998-09-16 | 1998-12-16 | Receiver for simultaneously first and second video frenquency signal |
| CNB2003101248472A Expired - Fee Related CN100380962C (en) | 1998-09-16 | 1998-12-16 | Receiving unit for executing seamless switch between video frequency signals |
| CNA2003101248504A Pending CN1535012A (en) | 1998-09-16 | 1998-12-16 | System used for switching first set signal to second set signal |
Family Applications Before (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB988112116A Expired - Lifetime CN1214633C (en) | 1998-09-16 | 1998-12-16 | Compressed digital-data seamless video switching system |
| CNB2003101248468A Expired - Lifetime CN100380961C (en) | 1998-09-16 | 1998-12-16 | Receiver for simultaneously first and second video frenquency signal |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2003101248504A Pending CN1535012A (en) | 1998-09-16 | 1998-12-16 | System used for switching first set signal to second set signal |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
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| EP (1) | EP1273175A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2003523103A (en) |
| KR (4) | KR20040000512A (en) |
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| CA (1) | CA2343733A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2349289B (en) |
| HK (4) | HK1038460A1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL142033A0 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA01000974A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000016544A2 (en) |
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Also Published As
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| CN1533177A (en) | 2004-09-29 |
| KR20010032145A (en) | 2001-04-16 |
| KR20040010726A (en) | 2004-01-31 |
| CN1214633C (en) | 2005-08-10 |
| AU774028B2 (en) | 2004-06-10 |
| KR20040007730A (en) | 2004-01-24 |
| IL142033A0 (en) | 2002-03-10 |
| GB2349289A8 (en) | 2001-02-14 |
| HK1032499A1 (en) | 2001-07-20 |
| GB0000446D0 (en) | 2000-03-01 |
| WO2000016544A2 (en) | 2000-03-23 |
| WO2000016544A3 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
| CN100380961C (en) | 2008-04-09 |
| GB2349289A (en) | 2000-10-25 |
| CN1533178A (en) | 2004-09-29 |
| HK1038460A1 (en) | 2002-03-15 |
| KR20040000512A (en) | 2004-01-03 |
| GB2349289B (en) | 2001-09-12 |
| EP1273175A2 (en) | 2003-01-08 |
| JP2003523103A (en) | 2003-07-29 |
| CN1535012A (en) | 2004-10-06 |
| AU1831099A (en) | 2000-04-03 |
| MXPA01000974A (en) | 2002-06-04 |
| CN1310919A (en) | 2001-08-29 |
| BR9816020A (en) | 2005-06-28 |
| HK1038459A1 (en) | 2002-03-15 |
| EP1273175A4 (en) | 2003-01-08 |
| HK1038461A1 (en) | 2002-03-15 |
| CA2343733A1 (en) | 2000-03-23 |
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