CN100378488C - Inner lens of lateral transmitting light-emitting diode light source - Google Patents
Inner lens of lateral transmitting light-emitting diode light source Download PDFInfo
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- CN100378488C CN100378488C CNB2005100874105A CN200510087410A CN100378488C CN 100378488 C CN100378488 C CN 100378488C CN B2005100874105 A CNB2005100874105 A CN B2005100874105A CN 200510087410 A CN200510087410 A CN 200510087410A CN 100378488 C CN100378488 C CN 100378488C
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Abstract
Effect of inner lens is to change transmit direction of light from chip of light emitting diode (LED). Being gotten together in very small angle along direction perpendicular to central axis of chip of LED, most of light transmits around from side face. The inner lens and chip of LED are sealed together. The sealed LED module includes base; chip of LED installed on the base; bottom part of the inner lens is connected to the base. Chip of LED is located on central axis of the inner lens. Through refraction surface and total reflection surface of inner lens, side face of light source of LED transmits more beams collected by inner lens at direction of side face of LED. The invention enhances luminous efficiency of side face of LED.
Description
Technical field
The side that the present invention relates to a kind of light source is penetrated lens devices, and the interior lens (Inner Lens) of particularly a kind of side-emitted light emitting diode (being called for short LED) light source belong to field of illumination systems.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of light emitting diode (being called for short LED) technology, LED receives the concern on semiconductor circle and illumination circle day by day in the application of lighting field.External LED application product development in recent years is rapid, and main application fields comprises mobile phone backlight, display screen, automotive lighting, building decoration illumination, signal illumination etc.Great power LED has been used for automotive lighting in a large number, and automotive lighting accounts for about 18% of LED market.LED is used for automobile as far back as 20th century the mid-80, is mainly used in the high-mount stop lamp of automobile at that time.The signal illumination is that LED monochromatic light is used the relatively wider field early of also comparing, and accounts for about 4% of LED application market.The typical application example is traffic lights, and LED contends with at the incandescent lamp bulb that is enough to aspect various monochrome signals and the illumination with adding color filter.The characteristics low power consumption of LED illumination, life-span length, color LED product have covered whole limit of visible spectrum, and monochromaticity is good, the colour purity height, and the light efficiency of LED is far above incandescent lamp.Phase at the end of the nineties in last century, high parallelization, super brightness and panchromaticization of LED makes its application also extensive day by day, progressively moves towards the indoor and outdoor lighting field.
Because the special principle of luminosity of LED, make its at the energy that reaches required consumption under the equal brightness situation well below ordinary incandescent lamp, further breakthrough along with gordian technique, the light efficiency of white light LEDs might reach 150-200 lm/W, surmount the light efficiency of all lighting sources now greatly, tempting prospect is arranged aspect illumination.With respect to traditional electric light source products.The energy consumption of LED is lower, is a kind of energy-conserving light source, and the LED technology has increased new strength again for efficient illumination family in the breakthrough of illumination application.
Adopt the LED traffic lights can also reduce maintenance cost, reduce the possibility that other accident takes place when burning, and can adopt emergency cell in outage.The illumination of LED signal also is used for outlet (EXIT) indication in a large number.This emergent safe Warning Mark all indispensable in all kinds of buildings adopts LED to have many good qualities, and reliability height, minimizing are safeguarded, the life-span is long, and save the energy.
Be subjected to the restriction of technology and price factor, LED is scarcely out of swaddling-clothes at present as emerging efficient illumination product.The scientific research personnel of countries in the world is making great efforts to break through high brightness demand and technical barriers such as relative low luminous flux, low cost now, particularly how to improve the luminous flux of LED when the application in general lighting field, make LED provide more wide expanding space for illuminating energy-saving.Common LED physical dimension has only 5mm, because single led power is little, luminous intensity is not enough, if several LED are made up neatly, and adopts the method for optically focused to improve luminous intensity, as is used for the reading lighting on aircraft or the train.
At present, the side-emitted led light source often is used in the back lighting of large-screen lc demonstration and large-scale advertisement lamp box.A plurality of RGB side-emitted led light sources are clocklike lined up to be embedded in the light guide plate, and thinner, the photometric distribution of the backlight thickness of Xing Chenging more evenly like this, the color that shows is truer.The LumiLED company of the U.S. has now extensively adopted the light source of side-emitted led light source as the LCD TV backlight module.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is in order to provide a kind of interior lens of side-emitted led light source.The light that lens can send light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit in being somebody's turn to do is after superrefraction and total reflection, concentrate in the less angle and penetrate in the week to side surface direction, adopt lens in this can make peak value that the LED far field angle the distributes position in position angle, side ± 85 °, spike width is 15 °～20 °; And the light distribution of light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit central axial direction is less than 15% of peak light intensity; Thereby strengthened the lateral emitting efficient of LED.
The interior lens of side-emitted led light source of the present invention are meant: the optical lens that is packaged together with light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit.Its effect is that the light that diode chip for backlight unit sends is assembled or distributed according to the emission angle of a certain direction to light.
According to the interior lens of a kind of side-emitted led light source that above-mentioned purpose of the present invention provided, lens and light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit are packaged into led module in this, and light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit is positioned on the central shaft of lens, and this led module also comprises base; Light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit is installed on the base; The bottom of interior lens links to each other with base, and light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit is positioned on the central shaft of lens; The effect of interior lens is the transmit directions that change the light of light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit, with most of light from the side, accumulate in emission towards periphery in the very little angle along the direction perpendicular to described light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit central axis, interior lens encapsulate with light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit.
Led module according to lens packages in of the present invention also comprises light-conductive media, and it is used for fixing the encapsulation LED chip and conducts light that light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit sends to interior lens between light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit and interior lens.
According to the interior lens of described side-emitted led light source, interior lens adopt the knockdown structure of total reflection-reflect, and are made up of two parts up and down, and the top of lens utilizes the total reflection of light, and the lower part of lens utilizes the refraction of light; Interior lens comprise: following lens, and its bottom links to each other with base; Following lens are with light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit sent after the anaclasis of light-conductive media conduction along launching with the perpendicular direction of the central shaft of interior lens; And go up lens, its bottom links to each other with the top of following lens, and launches along the direction vertical with the central shaft of interior lens behind the light total reflection that is used for light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit is sent.
Interior lens according to described side-emitted led light source, the following lens of interior lens comprise: interior flexure plane, it is recessed sphere or ellipsoid, it is positioned at the top of light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit, the space of its concave surface is used to the lead-in wire of light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit, and the light of the described light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit of transmission.
Refractive surface is an aspheric surface refracting surface, its focus is positioned at the center of light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit, refractive surface is with light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit sent after the anaclasis of light-conductive media conduction along launching with the perpendicular direction of the central shaft of interior lens, its top is provided with and is used for the make progress opening of lens emergent light of light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit, and the refractive surface at the two ends of opening links to each other with the bottom of last lens; The connection plane, curved surface and refractive surface linked to each other bottom the lens and with base under being positioned at, and are used to connect the encapsulating housing of light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit in it connected.
According to the interior lens of described side-emitted led light source, last lens also comprise: lower surface, and its top with following lens links to each other; Reflecting surface, its surface is a fully reflecting surface, and the outline line of its xsect is that the center with light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit is the para-curve of focus, the light that sends from light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit, through after the total reflection of reflecting surface, reflect away along the direction vertical with the central shaft of interior lens; Connect the surface, its surface is to be the cylinder at center with the light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit axis, the light of the horizontal direction emission of being reflected by total reflection surface does not change through the direction that connects back, surface light, it is used to connect lower surface and reflecting surface, and the light that reflecting surface reflected is kept its exit direction.
The interior lens of described side-emitted led light source are used for the encapsulation of light emitting diode module, and the light of LED is concentrated in the very little angle, sideways week emission.
The interior lens of side-emitted led light source provided by the invention adopt the knockdown structure of total reflection one refraction, are made up of two parts up and down, and the lower part of lens has utilized the refraction of light, by interior curved surface, refractive surface, connection surface composition.The top of lens is the total reflections that utilize light, is made up of reflecting surface, connection surface, lower surface.Central axis with light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit is 0 degree position angle, after interior lens refraction of the light process that light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit sends and the total reflection, concentrate in the less angle and penetrate in the week to side surface direction, the position of the peak value that the LED far field angle distributes in position angle, side ± 85 °, spike width is 15 °～20 °.The light distribution of light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit central axial direction is less than 15% of peak light intensity.
The present invention has as follows compared to existing technology: the present invention is by the refractive surface and the total reflection surface of interior lens, make the side-emitted of the light of the light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit light source that is positioned on its central shaft from lens, should concentrate more light beam in the side surface direction of LED by interior lens, strengthen the lateral emitting efficient of LED.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the interior lens of the side-emitted led light source of light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit light source of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of the interior lens of side-emitted led light source of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic three dimensional views of interior lens first embodiment (comprising a light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit) of side-emitted led light source of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the interior lens first embodiment ray trace figure of side-emitted led light source of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the interior lens first embodiment far field angle distribution plan of side-emitted led light source of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the interior lens first embodiment far field candela polar coordinates distribution plan of side-emitted led light source of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the schematic three dimensional views of interior lens second embodiment (comprising two light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit) of side-emitted led light source of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the interior lens second embodiment ray trace figure of side-emitted led light source of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the far field angle distribution plan of interior lens second embodiment of side-emitted led light source of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the interior lens second embodiment far field candela polar coordinates distribution plan of side-emitted led light source of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1,2, interior lens according to side-emitted led light source of the present invention, lens and light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit 12 are packaged into led module in being somebody's turn to do, and light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit 12 is positioned at, and this led module also comprises base 11 on the central shaft of lens, light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit 12 is installed on the base, interior lens 14 bottoms link to each other with base 11, and light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit 12 is positioned on the central shaft of lens; The effect of interior lens 14 is the transmit directions that change the light of light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit 12, with most of light from the side, accumulate in emission towards periphery in the very little angle along the direction perpendicular to described light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit 12 central axis, interior lens and light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit 12 are packaged together.This led module also comprises light-conductive media 13, and it is used for fixing encapsulation LED chip 12 and conducts light that light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit 12 sent to interior lens 14 between light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit 12 and interior lens 14.Interior lens 14 adopt the knockdown structure of total reflections-reflect, and are made up of two parts up and down, and the top of lens is the total reflection effects that utilize light, and the lower part of lens is the refraction actions that utilize light; Wherein interior lens 14 comprise: following lens 16, and its bottom links to each other with base 11; Following lens 16 with light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit 12 sent after the anaclasis of light-conductive media 13 conduction along launching with the perpendicular direction of the central shaft of interior lens 14; And go up lens 15, its bottom links to each other with the top of following lens 16, and launch along the direction vertical with the central shaft of interior lens 14 the light reflection back that is used for light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit 12 is sent.
Described down lens 16 comprise: interior flexure plane 1, refractive surface 2 and be connected plane 3; Should interior flexure plane 1 be recessed sphere or ellipsoid wherein, it is positioned at the top of light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit 12, space in being somebody's turn to do between flexure plane 1 and the base 11 is used for the lead-in wire of light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit 12, its complementary space beyond the lead-in wire then fill up refractive index be 1.42 silica gel (Silicon) as light-conductive media 13, the light of these light-conductive media 13 transmission light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit 12; Refractive surface 2 is an aspheric surface refracting surface, its focus is positioned at the position of light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit 12 place lens 14 central shafts, refractive surface 2 is 12 that sent with light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit, after the anaclasis of light-conductive media 13 conduction along launching with the perpendicular direction of the central shaft of interior lens 14; The top of this refractive surface is provided with and is used for the make progress opening 17 of lens 15 emergent lights of described light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit, and the refractive surface 2 at the two ends of described opening links to each other with the bottom of last lens 15; Connection plane 3, the other end of curved surface 1 and refractive surface 2 in it connects, lens 16 bottoms and base 11 fit under being positioned at, to be used for encapsulation LED chip 12.
The described lens 15 of going up comprise: lower surface 6, reflecting surface 4 and is connected surperficial 5; Wherein this lower surface 6 links to each other with refractive surface 2 one ends at opening 17 two ends of following lens 16; This reflecting surface 4 is a fully reflecting surface, the outline line of its xsect is that the position with lens 14 central shafts in the place of light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit 12 is the para-curve of focus, the light that sends from light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit 12, through after the total reflection of reflecting surface 4, reflect away along the direction vertical with the central shaft of interior lens 14; Connect surface 5, it is to be the cylinder at center with the light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit axis, is used to connect lower surface 6 and reflecting surface 4, and the light of the horizontal directions emission of surface 4 reflections that are reflected does not change through the direction that connects surface 5 back light.
The line at the light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit place on the end points of the opening 17 of following lens 16 and the central shaft of interior lens 14 is an acute angle with the angle that is connected plane 3 of following lens 16.More particularly, this angle is between 0 ° to 50 °.It is the conical surface of 5 ± 1 degree with horizontal plane angle that the lower surface 6 of last lens 15 is one.
The principle of work of lens as shown in Figure 1, lens adopt total reflection-Xin to penetrate knockdown structure in the encapsulation of side-emitted led light source, it is made up of two parts up and down, shape is similar to a flap-eared rabbit.The material of lens is PMMA.
Side-emitted led light source of the present invention method for packing, together with the size of interior lens as shown in Figure 2.Fig. 3 has adopted a 1mm (length) * 1mm (wide) * 0.25mm (height) light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit here for the schematic three dimensional views of interior lens first embodiment of side-emitted led light source of the present invention.
To the side-emitting led ray tracing of carrying out of first embodiment of the invention, the result of trace such as Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and shown in Figure 6.Fig. 4 is the ray trace synoptic diagram, and the direction with the light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit central axis is decided to be 0 degree position angle here, and the luminous power of light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit is made as 1 watt.Fig. 5 is the far field angle distribution plan of LED, and Fig. 6 is the far field polar coordinates distribution plan of LED.From Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 as can be seen: the light that light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit sends through interior lens total reflection and refraction after, concentrate in the less angle and penetrate in the week to side surface direction, the peak value that the LED far field angle distributes at the position angle ± 85 ° position, the peak value size is 0.425W/sr, about 20 ° of spike width.And the light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit central axial direction, position angle ± 60 ° with interior light distribution less than 0.05W/sr, less than 15% of peak light intensity.So the lateral emitting efficient of LED is very desirable.
Sometimes in order to increase single led luminosity, illuminating source adopts the light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit array, as adopts 2,3 or light source of 4 light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit arrays compositions.For this situation, lens are suitable for too in the encapsulation of side-emitted led light source of the present invention.Fig. 7 is interior lens second embodiment of side-emitted led light source of the present invention, and light source has adopted the light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit of two 1 * 1 * 0.25mm.Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 10 are respectively ray tracing and design result.From Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 as can be seen, the peak value that far field angle distributes at the position angle ± 85 ° position do not change owing to adopted two light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit, the peak value size is brought up to 0.8W/sr.Light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit central axial direction, position angle ± 60 ° have raising slightly with interior light distribution, and this is because the expansion of light source area causes, does not influence the side-emitted effect of LED.The light that light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit sends still concentrates in the less angle and penetrates in the week to side surface direction through after interior lens total reflection and reflecting.
Confirm according to above-mentioned analysis and simulation: the interior lens of side-emitted led light source provided by the invention are applicable to the LED of single light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit or a plurality of light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit arrays simultaneously.
Claims (9)
1. the interior lens of a lateral transmitting light-emitting diode light source, lens and light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit (12) are packaged into led module in this, and light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit (12) is positioned on the central shaft of lens; It is characterized in that lens (14) adopt the knockdown structure of total reflection one refraction in this, are made up of last lens (15) and following lens (16) two parts; Wherein descending lens (16) is refractor, and its light with light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit (12) is launched towards periphery along assembling also perpendicular to the direction of interior lens (14) central shaft behind superrefraction; This time lens (16) top is provided with and is used for the upwards opening (17) of lens (15) emergent light of described light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit (12); Should go up lens (15) is total reflection lens, and its light with light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit (12) is assembled and emission towards periphery perpendicular to the direction of interior lens (14) central shaft through edge after the total reflection, comprising:
Lower surface (6), it links to each other with the described described opening (17) of lens (16) down;
Reflecting surface (4), the outline line of its xsect is that the position that is positioned on the central shaft of lens (14) with described light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit (12) is the para-curve of focus, and the light that described light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit (12) is sent after total reflection along with described in the vertical direction of the central shaft of lens (14) reflect away;
Connect surface (5), its surface is to be the cylinder at center with the light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit axis, and the light of the horizontal direction emission of Transflective surface (4) reflection, and it is used to connect described lower surface (6) and reflecting surface (4).
2. the interior lens of lateral transmitting light-emitting diode light source according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described lens (16) down comprising:
Interior flexure plane (1), it is recessed sphere or ellipsoid, is positioned at the top of described light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit (12), and the light of the described light emitting diode of transmission (12);
Refractive surface (2) is an aspheric surface refracting surface, its position with the light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit (12) on interior lens (14) central shaft is a focus, after the anaclasis that described refractive surface (2) is sent described light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit (12) along launching with the perpendicular direction of the central shaft of interior lens (14); Its top is provided with described opening (17);
Connect plane (3), bend surface (1) and refractive surface (2) in it connects, and be used to connect the encapsulating housing of described light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit (12).
3. the interior lens of lateral transmitting light-emitting diode light source according to claim 2, it is characterized in that the line that the end points of the described opening (17) of described down lens (16) and the light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit (12) on the central shaft of interior lens (14) are located is an acute angle with the angle that is connected plane (3) of following lens (16).
4. the interior lens of lateral transmitting light-emitting diode light source according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described angle is the 0-50 degree.
5. the interior lens of lateral transmitting light-emitting diode light source according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described lower surface (6) of lens (15) of going up is for horizontal by angle being 5 ± 1 conical surfaces of spending.
6. the interior lens of lateral transmitting light-emitting diode light source according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, this encapsulated LED module also comprises light-conductive media (13), its filling is positioned between described light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit (12) and the described lens (14), is used for fixing encapsulation described light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit (12) and conducts light that described light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit (12) sent to interior lens (14).
7. the interior lens of lateral transmitting light-emitting diode light source according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described light-conductive media (13) is a silica gel.
8. the interior lens of lateral transmitting light-emitting diode light source according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit (12) can be the array setting.
9. the interior lens of lateral transmitting light-emitting diode light source according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described led module also comprises base (11), and described light-emitting diode chip for backlight unit (12) is installed on the base (11), and bottom of lens (14) links to each other with base (11) in this.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100874105A CN100378488C (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2005-07-21 | Inner lens of lateral transmitting light-emitting diode light source |
| HK07107940A HK1103584A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2007-07-23 | Side emitting lens for led lighting |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100874105A CN100378488C (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2005-07-21 | Inner lens of lateral transmitting light-emitting diode light source |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1900753A CN1900753A (en) | 2007-01-24 |
| CN100378488C true CN100378488C (en) | 2008-04-02 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100874105A Active CN100378488C (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2005-07-21 | Inner lens of lateral transmitting light-emitting diode light source |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100378488C (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1103584A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5115038B2 (en) * | 2007-06-06 | 2013-01-09 | ソニー株式会社 | Light emitting device, surface light source device, and image display device |
| CN101299451B (en) * | 2008-06-26 | 2012-05-02 | 罗维鸿 | Encapsulation structure of LED |
| CN101954150A (en) * | 2009-07-16 | 2011-01-26 | 深圳市一体医疗科技有限公司 | Illumination treatment head used in nasal cavity |
| JP5174835B2 (en) | 2010-01-08 | 2013-04-03 | シャープ株式会社 | LED bulb |
| CN104214592B (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2016-11-23 | 海洋王（东莞）照明科技有限公司 | LED range light |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4753520A (en) * | 1986-11-17 | 1988-06-28 | General Instrument Corp. | Compound catoptric cartesian ovoid lens |
| US4770514A (en) * | 1986-11-21 | 1988-09-13 | David Silverglate | Collimating compound catoptric immersion lens |
| US20030235050A1 (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2003-12-25 | West Robert S. | Side emitting led and lens |
-
2005
- 2005-07-21 CN CNB2005100874105A patent/CN100378488C/en active Active
-
2007
- 2007-07-23 HK HK07107940A patent/HK1103584A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4753520A (en) * | 1986-11-17 | 1988-06-28 | General Instrument Corp. | Compound catoptric cartesian ovoid lens |
| US4770514A (en) * | 1986-11-21 | 1988-09-13 | David Silverglate | Collimating compound catoptric immersion lens |
| US20030235050A1 (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2003-12-25 | West Robert S. | Side emitting led and lens |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1900753A (en) | 2007-01-24 |
| HK1103584A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 |
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