CN100374229C - Deoxidation casting, aluminium casting and casting equipment - Google Patents
Deoxidation casting, aluminium casting and casting equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN100374229C CN100374229C CNB2006101155842A CN200610115584A CN100374229C CN 100374229 C CN100374229 C CN 100374229C CN B2006101155842 A CNB2006101155842 A CN B2006101155842A CN 200610115584 A CN200610115584 A CN 200610115584A CN 100374229 C CN100374229 C CN 100374229C
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Abstract
A deoxidized casting method for removing the oxidized film on the surface of molten metal to obtain high quality of castings includes such steps as preparing deoxidant by reaction between metallic vapor and inactive gas, and reaction between said deoxidant and molten metal.
Description
The application's dividing an application that be the denomination of invention submitted to July 31 calendar year 2001 for the Chinese patent application 01125055.0 of " deoxidation casting, aluminum casting and Casting Equipment ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to deoxidation casting, aluminum casting and a kind of Casting Equipment.
Background technology
Known have many kinds of casting methods, as gravitational casting, low pressure casting, die casting, extrusion casint, thixotroping casting.In any casting method, all to poured with molten metal in the die cavity of casting pattern, solidify this metal and become reservation shape.Can select casting method according to the material of motlten metal and the product that needs to cast.
The product of numerous species all is a cast article.Under complex-shaped or the product situation that performance is high, must guarantee to fill up in the die cavity motlten metal in casting, can not form casting flaw, reach the intensity of regulation, prevent distortion, and have good profile.
Aluminium and aluminium alloy are widely used as molten metal material.When aluminum casting, aluminium easily forms oxide-film.Owing to formed oxide-film on the surface of molten aluminum, the surface tension of motlten metal becomes bigger, therefore reduces molten metal flow and welding character, also can produce the casting shortcoming sometimes.For solving these shortcomings, after deliberation the improvement of many aspects, as lubricant, pouring type, poring rate, pouring pressure.
For example, in gravitational casting and low pressure casting,, adjust cast gate arrangement etc. by being coated with adiabatic releasing agent, the temperature of melt metal that can slow down descends, thereby suppresses to form motlten metal that oxide-film the causes defect such as bad, shrinkage, cold shut that flow because of molten metal surface.In die casting, by adjusting poring rate, pouring pressure, cast gate arrangement etc. can be inserted motlten metal by high pressure at short notice.In extrusion casint, can improve the pressure of trembling greatly in its gravitational casting stage, make oxide-film with broken and fusing.
Yet there are some shortcomings in conventional casting method, at present still very imperfect method.Especially, the oxide-film that forms during motlten metal contact casting pattern die cavity inner surface can form crackle and cold shut phenomenon at product surface, and oxide-film makes motlten metal can not fully insert model.In the foundry goods situation of aircraft and motor vehicle, its surface stress and damaged portion can have a strong impact on security etc., therefore need to adopt the mode of fluorescent penetrating inspection to check each cast article.So the manufacturing cost of product must be very high.And, can not guarantee the q﹠r of product.
Not only in the casting of aluminium, and also the oxide-film problem can appear in the casting of other material.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is intended to solve the caused problem of oxide-film that molten metal surface produces.
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of deoxidation casting, this method can prevent to form oxide-film at molten metal surface, improves its wetability to casting pattern die cavity inner surface, can cast out high quality of products with high casting efficient.
Second purpose of the present invention provides the deoxidation Casting Equipment of implementing said method.
Deoxidation casting method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
The deoxy compound and the molten reactant metal that make a kind of metal gas and a kind of non-active gas react and form;
Make the oxide-film deoxidation on the molten metal surface.
Select to be used for the metal of metal gas according to motlten metal.For example, the magnesium nitride (Mg that forms by magnesium gas and nitrogen reaction
3N
2) can be used as effective deoxy compound, the oxide-film deoxidation that this compound can make molten metal surface form.Magnesium is stable to the high temperature scope in room temperature, and distillation easily.So magnesium is suitable for this method.The high deoxy performance of magnesium nitride compound can make the effective deoxidation of oxide-film of molten metal surface.
Deoxidation casting of the present invention relates to this method, can make the oxide-film deoxidation that forms on the molten metal surface, generates pure motlten metal.So under the situation of casting with the motlten metal that easily forms oxide-film, the inventive method can make the effective deoxidation of oxide-film, and casts well with pure motlten metal.
By making the oxide-film deoxidation on the molten metal surface, the surface tension of motlten metal descends, the mobile raising, and its wetability to casting pattern die cavity inner surface also improves.Because be the inner surface of pure motlten metal contact die cavity, it can flow easily, has promptly improved the molten metal flow performance, can guarantee that motlten metal inserts die cavity, up to its tiny space in casting pattern.
In a kind of routine casting method is arranged, be to use lubricant or adiabatic releasing agent to keep casting pattern, thereby keep molten metal flow at high temperature.In the inventive method, molten metal flow is higher, does not need lubricant or adiabatic releasing agent.Therefore, the manufacturing of casting pattern and adjust more convenient, the casting efficient higher.
In the routine casting method, casting pattern is heated to high temperature, in order to keep molten metal flow.With poured with molten metal to the heating casting pattern in.By cooling off this model motlten metal is solidified.And in the inventive method, molten metal flow is very high, therefore needn't heat casting pattern.So motlten metal can solidify at short notice, can solidify the acquisition product fast, the toughness height of product, the distortion that can prevent product is as spot that contracts (sink mark) and elongation, so the product quality height.Casting pattern can at room temperature just be used.
In the conventional gravitational casting, form a feeding head in casting pattern, motlten metal is introduced die cavity by itself weight from feeding head.Among the present invention, the flowability of motlten metal in casting pattern is very high, therefore can reduce the volume of feeding head.In the conventional model, the volume of feeding head accounts for the 50-60% of model volume.In the inventive method, because molten metal flow is higher, the volume of feeding head can be reduced to the 10-20% that only accounts for the casting pattern volume.So, can use motlten metal effectively, and casting pattern is made easily.By reducing the feeding head volume, can quicken the curing of motlten metal, shorten casting cycle, improve casting efficient.And among the present invention, product separates with casting pattern easily, therefore can take out product rapidly, improves casting efficient.
Two kinds of methods that motlten metal and deoxy compound are reacted in the casting pattern die cavity are arranged.A kind of method comprises the following steps: to form deoxy compound in the casting pattern outside; Deoxy compound is introduced die cavity; With poured with molten metal in die cavity.Another kind method comprises the following steps: to form deoxy compound in the casting pattern die cavity; Casting molten metal in die cavity.
Deoxy compound is deposited on the die cavity inner surface, makes itself and molten reactant metal.For deoxy compound is deposited on the die cavity inner surface effectively, the metal that the preparation deoxy compound is used evaporates the acquisition metal gas, makes itself and non-active gas such as nitrogen react.
Deoxy compound can also can form in die cavity from introducing die cavity outward, if in this die cavity oxygen-free atmosphere earlier, in order to avoid the deoxygenation function of deoxy compound reduces.The way that produces oxygen-free atmosphere is earlier die cavity to be bled, and feeds inert gas then, therefrom with ways such as air purge fall.
Method of the present invention can appropriately be used for the casting of aluminum or aluminum alloy as motlten metal.In aluminum casting, magnesium nitride and molten aluminum reaction that the reaction of magnesium gas and nitrogen is produced, the oxide-film deoxidation that the molten aluminum surface is formed.Under the situation of aluminum casting, be easy to form oxide-film at molten metal surface.Make the oxide-film deoxidation by magnesium nitride, can make high-quality product.
In aluminum casting, two kinds of methods that make motlten metal and deoxy compound at casting pattern die cavity internal reaction are arranged also.A kind of method comprises the following steps: at first to make magnesium gas and nitrogen reaction to form magnesium nitride; Magnesium nitride compound is introduced die cavity; Casting molten metal in this die cavity.Another kind method comprises the following steps: magnesium gas and nitrogen are introduced the casting pattern die cavity respectively, forms magnesium nitride compound; In this die cavity, pour into a mould molten aluminum.Magnesium nitride compound is a kind of deoxy compound, and it is deposited on earlier on the die cavity inner surface that comprises a core, pours into a mould molten aluminum then therein.When molten aluminum contact-type inner cavity surface, by the deoxygenation function of deoxy compound, remove deoxidation from the oxide-film on molten aluminum surface, make the molten aluminum surface be pure aluminium.
When molten aluminum contact-type inner cavity surface, just remove the oxide-film that forms on the molten aluminum surface by deoxidation, therefore can prevent the shrinkage and the blemish that form at product surface.Especially when cast article was complex-shaped, the past can not be eliminated blemish.Yet, use the inventive method, because the high wettability and the capillarity of pure molten aluminum can cast out the excellent product that does not have blemish.
In die cavity, under the situation of preparation magnesium nitride, at first magnesium gas is introduced die cavity, introduce nitrogen then therein.Magnesium is to heat in inert gas such as argon gas or a kind of depleted gas such as hydrogen, up to magnesium distillation, makes magnesium gas.Magnesium gas is introduced die cavity.Magnesium gas and a kind of non-oxide carrier gas are introduced together.Suitably regulate the pressure and the flow of carrier gas.Carrier gas is preferably inert gas such as argon.Magnesium relies on carrier gas easily magnesium gas to be introduced die cavity after 700-850 ℃ of distillation.
When introducing magnesium gas in die cavity, die cavity should be in the oxygen-free atmosphere.Be to produce oxygen-free atmosphere, die cavity can be found time or in advance with ways such as nitrogen purgings.After removing the oxygen in the die cavity, magnesium gas is evenly introduced die cavity.
Magnesium gas is introduced nitrogen after introducing die cavity again in this die cavity, form magnesium nitride compound.Magnesium nitride compound mainly is deposited on the die cavity inner surface with powder type.
When in die cavity, feeding nitrogen, suitably regulate nitrogen gas pressure and flow.In order to promote the reaction of nitrogen and magnesium gas, hot nitrogen heats casting pattern in advance.Reaction time can be 5-90 second.If the reaction time is oversize, the temperature of casting pattern descends, and therefore the suitable reaction time is 15-60 second.
When feeding nitrogen prepares magnesium nitride in die cavity, importantly to prevent the reaction of magnesium nitride and casting pattern.Because motlten metal is with direct contact-type inner cavity surface, the surface appearance of motlten metal is very big to the influence of product surface situation.So the deoxidation of magnesium nitride compound must act on the die cavity inner surface.
The die cavity inner surface can not react with magnesium nitride compound.If on the die cavity inner surface, exist easily and oxygen radical that magnesium nitride compound reacts etc., with poured with molten metal before the die cavity, deoxygenation function has just been lost.So coating oxidation material such as lubricant, releasing agent are inappropriate on the die cavity inner surface.Can be coated with non-oxidizable material such as graphite on the die cavity inner surface.The metal surface can also be exposed to the die cavity inner surface and application of lubricating etc. not.The metal surface of exposing can be through heating or nitrogen treatment.When magnesium nitride compound was present on the die cavity inner surface, casting molten metal in this die cavity, the magnesium nitride compound on the die cavity inner surface just and molten reactant metal were removed the oxygen of oxide-film, even the oxide-film deoxidation.By this reaction, the wetability of molten aluminum is strengthened, the flowability on the die cavity inner surface is higher, makes capillarity effective.Because molten metal surface has become pure aluminium, product has good profile, does not have shrinkage and blemish.
Description of drawings
Mode and the present invention is described with reference to the drawings by way of example.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the deoxidation Casting Equipment of first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 A is the profile of casting pattern coupling part;
Fig. 2 B is the front view of coupling part;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the deoxidation Casting Equipment of second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the deoxidation Casting Equipment of the 3rd embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the profile of another casting pattern example;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of magnesium feeding mechanism;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of another example of stove;
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of another example of stove;
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of the deoxidation Casting Equipment of the 4th embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the deoxidation Casting Equipment of the 5th embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of the deoxidation Casting Equipment of the 6th embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 12 is the schematic diagram of the deoxidation Casting Equipment of the 7th embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 13 is the schematic diagram of motlten metal and deoxy compound reactive mode;
Figure 14 is the schematic diagram that is stored in the molten reactant metal mode in the reservoir;
Figure 15 is the microphotogram on the inventive method products made thereby surface;
Figure 16 is the microphotogram that adopts conventional method products made thereby surface.
The specific embodiment
Describe better embodiments more of the present invention in detail referring to accompanying drawing.
At first, basic principle of the present invention is described.The method of deoxy compound and molten reactant metal is had a lot.For example, can make the sprue gate of deoxy compound at casting pattern, by its when cast and molten reactant metal, or make deoxy compound in casting ladle and molten reactant metal at motlten metal, or make deoxy compound in storing the reservoir of motlten metal and molten reactant metal.Among Figure 13, form import 202 and 204 at the edge at the sprue gate of casting pattern 200.Magnesium gas and nitrogen are introduced the sprue gate respectively, make these gases and the molten reactant metal that is poured into tremble mouthful (purringmouth).Magnesium nitride compound is a kind of deoxy compound, in the sprue gate, form, magnesium nitride compound can and molten reactant metal.Use this structure, when poured with molten metal was in casting pattern, the oxide-film that forms at molten metal surface can deoxidation, therefore can cast high-quality product.
Among Figure 13, motlten metal is stored in the casting ladle 208.Motlten metal in casting ladle adds deoxy compound, and the oxide-film deoxidation of molten metal surface is promptly removed.Deoxy compound can also be added in the motlten metal in the reservoir.
Figure 14 shows that another example of deoxy compound and molten reactant metal.Motlten metal 206 is contained in the reservoir 210.Deoxy compound forms in bubbling parts 212, and the lower end of bubbling parts is immersed in the motlten metal 206, feeds motlten metal 206.Feed magnesium gas and nitrogen formation deoxy compound to bubbling parts 212, this deoxy compound feeds in motlten metal 206, and the oxide-film deoxidation on motlten metal 206 surfaces is removed.Owing to removed oxide-film, molten metal flow is higher, can cast high-quality product.
Figure 15 is the microphotogram that adopts the aluminium product surface of the inventive method casting; Figure 16 is the microphotogram that adopts the aluminium product surface of conventional method casting.Among Figure 16, observe shrinkage at product surface.And the product that adopts the inventive method to cast among Figure 15, it has very smooth surface, does not have shrinkage.
Below, referring to Fig. 1-5, embodiments more of the present invention are described.In these embodiments, magnesium gas and nitrogen are introduced die cavity respectively and are formed deoxy compound, then, with poured with molten metal in this die cavity.
Shown in Figure 1 is Casting Equipment general of first embodiment.Casting pattern 12 is connected to a reservoir 14.By moving upward of piston 16, flow out the molten aluminum 18 of ormal weight from reservoir 14.Molten metal surface is exposed on the inner surface of die cavity 12a.Nitrogen steel cylinder 20 is connected to casting pattern 12 by pipeline 22.Open valve 24 nitrogen is fed this casting pattern.Argon gas steel cylinder 25 is connected to stove 28 by pipeline 26.Open valve 30 argon gas is fed stove 28.32 pairs of stoves 28 of heater heat.Temperature rises to 800 ℃ or higher temperature in the stove, so that make the distillation of magnesium powder.
Argon gas steel cylinder 25 is also connected to jar 36 by pipeline 34, stores the magnesium powder in this jar, and valve 33 is arranged on the pipeline 34.Jars 36 are connected to pipeline 26 by pipeline 38, and the end of pipeline 38 is connected to the pipeline 26 after valve 30.Valve 40 is housed on pipeline 38.Stove 28 is connected to casting pattern 12 by pipeline 42 and 44, and pipeline 44 runs through piston 16.Valve 45 is housed on the pipeline 42.
Fig. 2 A and the coupling part 13 that shown in the 2B is the casting pattern 12 that is connected with pipeline 22.
Shown in Fig. 2 A, coupling part 13 forms a cone-shaped inner hole, and its internal diameter outwards increases gradually.The taper connection piston (not shown) that is contained in pipe 22 front ends is detachably connected to coupling part 13.Coupling part 13 is connected to die cavity 12a by some air vents 15.
The following describes the casting method that adopts Casting Equipment 10 to implement.
At first, open valve 24, nitrogen is introduced casting pattern 12 from steel cylinder 20 by pipeline 22.Introduce nitrogen, just purged or discharged the air in the casting pattern 12.Some air vent (not shown)s are arranged on the top of casting pattern 12, discharge air, make in casting pattern 12 it is oxygen-free atmosphere from these air vents.After purging out air from casting pattern 12, valve 24 cuts out at once.When casting pattern purges out air, open valve 30, making argon gas feed stove 28, in stove 28, also producing oxygen-free atmosphere.
Afterwards, shut off valve 30 is opened valve 40, and the magnesium powder that will be stored in the jar 36 by argon pressure is passed in the stove 28.At this moment, regulate the flow and the pressure of argon gas by flow regulator.Because use heater 28 to 800 ℃ on stove of heating or higher temperature, the magnesium powder of feeding is distillation just, has produced magnesium gas.
Then, shut off valve 40 is opened valve 30 and 45, by pipeline 42 and 44 magnesium gas is introduced casting pattern 12.At this moment, regulate the flow and the pressure of argon gas.After magnesium gas was introduced casting pattern 12, shut off valve 45 was opened valve 24, and nitrogen is introduced casting pattern 12.Because nitrogen is introduced casting pattern 12, magnesium gas just and nitrogen in the die cavity 12a of casting pattern 12, react generation magnesium nitride compound (Mg
3N
2).Magnesium nitride compound is deposited on the inner surface of die cavity 12a with powder type.
In this state, piston 16 moves upward, and makes the poured with molten metal that is stored in the reservoir 14 in casting pattern 12.Be poured into the molten aluminum 18 and the magnesium nitride compound reaction that is deposited on the die cavity 12a inner surface of casting pattern 12.By this reaction, magnesium nitride compound removes deoxidation from the oxide-film that molten aluminum 18 surfaces form, and therefore makes molten aluminum surface deoxidation, forms the fine aluminium surface.Stay casting pattern 12 or be included in oxygen in the molten aluminum 18, can become magnesia or magnesium hydroxide, be included in the molten aluminum 18.The amount of magnesia or magnesium hydroxide does not seldom have harmful effect to the aluminium product.
Because the magnesium nitride compound that is deposited on the die cavity 12a inner surface has been removed oxygen from the oxide-film that is formed on molten aluminum 18 surfaces, when solidifying, aluminium obtains fine aluminium, and so just aluminium can be cast, and oxide-film can be do not formed.The metal surface contacts with the inner surface of die cavity 12a, and magnesium nitride compound is fixed on the inner surface of die cavity 12a, does not have loss, so can guarantee the deoxidation to motlten metal.The surface appearance of die cavity 12a inner surface has very big influence to the profile of product, owing to guaranteeing the formation of magnesium nitride compound and being fixed on the inner surface of die cavity 12a, therefore can cast the product of good profile.
Magnesium nitride compound can prevent to form oxide-film on molten aluminum 18 surfaces, makes the surface tension of motlten metal 18 less, improves wetability, flowability, operating characteristics and the smoothness of motlten metal 18.So can cast does not have the high-quality Al of shrinkage product.
It should be noted that in this embodiment that nitrogen is introduced die cavity 12a from gas bomb 20, discharges the air in die cavity 12a.Can use inert gas such as argon gas to replace nitrogen, discharge air.Discharging air, is in order to prevent that magnesium nitride compound and oxygen from reacting in die cavity 12a.
In order to discharge air, nitrogen or argon gas are introduced die cavity 12a from die cavity 12a.Can also deflate by 52 couples of die cavity 12a of vavuum pump, in die cavity 12a, produce oxygen-free environment.In this case, open valve 19,17 couples of die cavity 12a find time by pipeline, and then, shut off valve 19 is introduced die cavity 12a (see figure 1) with magnesium gas.
Nitrogen is introduced die cavity 12a, when producing magnesium nitride compound therein, simultaneously die cavity 12a is fed argon gas, argon gas is as the carrier gas of magnesium gas.But some air vents are arranged among the die cavity 12a, and these air vents are discharged the gas in the die cavity when casting molten metal 18, and the pressure in the die cavity 12a is descended behind casting molten metal 18 gradually.Because pressure reduces, fresh air can be invaded die cavity 12a.For preventing the air intrusion, open valve 24, when pouring motlten metal 18 into, provide nitrogen to die cavity 12a from gas bomb 20.The nitrogen supply (NS) amount equals to discharge the summation of air capacity and the nitrogen amount that generates magnesium nitride compound consumption.The nitrogen amount that consumes as can be known according to the magnesium gas amount of supplying with die cavity 12a.By flowmeter on pipeline 22 21 and valve 24 control nitrogen supply (NS) amounts.
In the above-mentioned embodiment, the inventive method is applied to gravitational casting.Deoxidation casting of the present invention is not limited to gravitational casting.
Now second embodiment of the present invention is described referring to Fig. 3.Casting pattern 12 is made up of part of the upper die 50 and pressing mold part 51.Be that the inventive method can be applicable to high-pressure casting.Different with the casting pattern of the gravitational casting that illustrates in first embodiment, the air-tightness of the casting pattern 12 of second embodiment is higher.
In second embodiment, pipeline 53 comes out from pipeline 22 branches, and pipeline 22 is connected in casting pattern 12 with nitrogen steel cylinder 20, and pipeline 53 is connected in step-down pump 52.At the middle part of pipeline 22 valve 54 is housed.Die cavity 12a has a pipeline 55 to be connected to the outside, and valve 56 is housed on the pipeline 55.
In the Casting Equipment of this embodiment, at first shut off valve 24 and 56 is opened valve 54, starts step-down pump 52 then, and casting pattern 12 is found time, and produces oxygen-free environment therein.Simultaneously, argon gas is introduced stove 28 from steel cylinder 25, and valve 33 is opened, and argon gas enters jar 36, and the magnesium powder is sent into stove 28 from jar 36.The magnesium powder distils in stove 28, produces magnesium gas.Under the situation of shut off valve 54 and 56, valve 45 is opened, and magnesium gas and argon gas are introduced casting pattern 12 together.
Afterwards, shut off valve 56 is opened valve 24 and 54, and nitrogen is introduced casting pattern 12 from steel cylinder 20.After nitrogen was introduced casting pattern 12, magnesium gas and nitrogen reacted to each other, and the magnesium nitride compound powder deposition is on the inner surface of die cavity 12a.
In the case, move upward by pressing mold part 51, the molten aluminum cast enters among the die cavity 12a.At this moment, comprise at die cavity 12a inner surface on the inner surface of the inner surface of part of the upper die 50 and pressing mold part 51, be coated with magnesium nitride compound, the same with first embodiment, can prevent from during casting to form oxide-films on molten aluminum 18 surfaces.
In this embodiment, the inner surface of die cavity 12a forms tri-iron tetroxide through heat treatment.Among Fig. 3, symbol 12b represents tri-iron tetroxide heat treatment layer.Magnesium nitride compound on magnetite layer and the die cavity 12a inner surface can not react.So, can keep the deoxygenation function of magnesium nitride compound, make the effective deoxidation of oxide-film on the molten aluminum 18.Except that having carried out above-mentioned heat treatment, the inner surface of die cavity 12a can also carry out nitrogen treatment effectively.When pouring into a mould molten aluminum 18, valve 56 is opened in 51 pressurizations of pressing mold part, pours into a mould molten aluminum 18 easily.
The Casting Equipment 10 of the 3rd embodiment now is described referring to Fig. 4.In above-mentioned those embodiments, make magnesium gas in the casting pattern outside.And in the 3rd embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, provide heating part 32a in casting pattern 12 bottoms, thereby it comprises conducting-heat elements 71, is used to heat the heater 72 of conducting-heat elements 71 and is used to prevent that heat is transmitted to casting pattern 12 and keeps the conducting-heat elements temperature at 800 ℃ or higher Thermal packer 73.Use this structure, magnesium can distil in casting pattern 12, promptly produces magnesium gas in casting pattern 12.
In the present embodiment, the die cavity 12a of casting pattern 12 finds time by step-down pump 52, or purges out air by feeding inert gas such as argon gas in die cavity 12a from die cavity 12a.Then, heating makes its distillation to the magnesium in the die cavity 12a of casting pattern 12, and nitrogen is introduced die cavity 12a from steel cylinder 20, and magnesium nitride compound is deposited on the inner surface of die cavity 12a.
Be coated with a kind of non-oxidizable material 12c on the inner surface of die cavity 12a in advance.When forming magnesium nitride compound, this non-oxidizable material 12c can not react with magnesium nitride compound, can keep the deoxygenation function of magnesium nitride.When molten aluminum 18 is poured in the casting pattern 12, removed by deoxidation at the oxide-film that the molten aluminum surface forms, be to cast therefore with fine aluminium.Owing to be to cast, can cast out the high quality of products that does not have shrinkage and blemish with fine aluminium.
Another example of casting pattern 12 now is described referring to Fig. 5, and this casting pattern has a magnesium gas import and a nitrogen inlet.In the casting pattern 12, piston 16 is contained among the cast gate 11a, can be in movement in vertical direction.Cast gate 11a is connected to die cavity 12a by cast passage 11b.Magnesium gas import 44a is connected to middle part and the pipe 42 of cast passage 11b.Form die cavity 12a between base 23a and 23b, these two bases are arranged verticals.Nitrogen inlet 22a and/or aspirating hole 17a are housed in base 23a and 23b.Base 23a links to each other by some interface channels 15 with 23b and die cavity 12a.Among magnesium gas import 44a, nitrogen inlet 22a and the aspirating hole 17a one be advisable, discharge air from it when entering die cavity 12a with convenient motlten metal 18 cast as air vent.
In the casting pattern 12 of this embodiment, nitrogen is introduced die cavity 12a by nitrogen inlet 22a, and 12a purges out air from this die cavity, and then, magnesium gas and argon carrier are introduced die cavity 12a together by magnesium gas import 44a, form magnesium nitride compound in this die cavity 12a.Under the situation of in advance die cavity 12a being found time, can be undertaken by aspirating hole 17a.
As shown in Figure 5, magnesium gas and nitrogen are the die cavity 12a that introduces casting pattern 12 by different approaches, therefore can prevent to manage 22 and 42 and are deposited the thing sealing, are easy to safeguard, improve casting efficient.
Fig. 6-8 is depicted as other example, and wherein, metal such as magnesium evaporate, and the metal gas of evaporation feeds in the die cavity of casting pattern.
Among Fig. 6, the magnesium powder of a fixed amount supplies in the stove 28.The jar 120 that stores the magnesium powder is connected to stove 28 by pipeline 122, and dress valve 124 and 126 is the canned paragraphs 128 of fixed amount between valve 124 and 126 on the pipeline 122.The canned paragraphs of fixed amount is cylindrical, controls the magnesium powder amount that is stored in wherein by regulating its length and/or internal diameter.
The magnesium powder is supplied with stove 28 from fixed amount canned paragraphs 128.At first, shut off valve 124 is opened valve 126, and argon gas feeds jar 120 from steel cylinder 25, and the magnesium powder of a fixed amount is provided to fixed amount canned paragraphs 128 from jar 120.Then, shut off valve 33 is opened valve 30 and 124, and the magnesium powder is introduced stove 28.At this moment, observe argon gas amount and the pressure of sending from steel cylinder 25 by flowmeter 129.Adopt said structure, can guarantee the magnesium powder is supplied with stove 28.
Among Fig. 7, shell 100 is made up of heat-barrier material, opens wide above it.The furnace chamber 101 of stove 28 is made up of heat proof material.Lid 102 covers on the furnace chamber 101, is fixed on the flange 104 with screw 103.Having heaters 105 between furnace chamber 101 and shell 100 heats furnace chamber 101.
On the lid 102 three opening portions 106,107 and 108 are arranged, they are connected to furnace chamber 101.An inlet tube 109 is connected to pipe 26, and pipe 26 is connected to jar 36, and inlet tube 109 passes opening portion 106 and enters furnace chamber 101.The lower end of inlet tube 109 is opened wide, and is positioned near furnace chamber 101 bottoms.Thermocouple 110 passes opening portion 107 and enters furnace chamber 101.Discharge pipe 111 is connected to pipe 42, and this pipe is connected to casting pattern 12, and discharge pipe 111 passes opening portion 108.The upper end of pipe 111 is positioned on the furnace chamber 101, and air is opened wide.
Six plate 112a-112f that make with heat proof material are arranged in parallel, the predetermined distance of being separated by in vertical direction.Inlet tube 109 passes the through hole that gets out on the plate 112a-112f.The lower end of inlet tube is an opening in the space between furnace chamber 101 bottoms and nethermost plate 112a.
On nethermost plate 112a, be drilled with a through hole 114a, separate with inlet tube 109.Plate 112a-112f has through hole 114a, 114b and 114 respectively, and these through holes are staggered in vertical direction.
One dividing plate 116b is housed on plate 112b bottom surface.Dividing plate 116b is with the space separated into two parts between plate 112a and the 112b: a part of connecting through hole 114a; Another part connecting through hole 114b.Note between the upper surface of the bottom surface of dividing plate 116b and plate 112a, a little gap being arranged.So these two parts are interconnected by this little gap.Dividing plate 116 is all arranged in the space between adjacent panels 112b-112f, little gap is also arranged in these spaces.
In furnace chamber 101, can prepare magnesium gas.At first, the magnesium powder is supplied to the furnace chamber 101 from jar 36 by pipeline 226 and 109 by argon pressure.Because the magnesium powder is very light, magnesium powder and argon gas are ejected into the bottom of furnace chamber 101 together, and disperse in the above.But furnace inner space is divided into staggered space by plate 112a-112f, and when the magnesium powder rose in staggered space, the magnesium powder is distillation just, formed magnesium gas, needs certain hour whole magnesium powder that could distil fully.In stove 28, the spatial vertical in the furnace chamber 101 are divided into a plurality of subspaces, and magnesium powder and argon gas enter the nethermost subspace of furnace chamber 101 together, so the dispersion of magnesium powder is restricted, and need regular hour these magnesium powder that rise.Use this structure, the magnesium powder can heat and fully distillation fully, does not have the magnesium powder and enters into casting pattern 12 by pipeline 111.Magnesium gas in the stove 28 and argon gas supply among the die cavity 12a of casting pattern together, and argon gas is as carrier gas.
Among Fig. 8, magnesium sheet 140 supplies in the stove 28, fusing and evaporation in stove, and the magnesium gas of generation feeds the die cavity of casting pattern 12.Form air lock 142 on stove 28 tops, the air lock is airtight, is storing magnesium sheet 140.The magnesium sheet 140 of ormal weight falls to entering stove 28.Be to open flashboard 144, magnesium sheet is entered the stove 28 from air lock 142.Magnesium sheet 140 melts in stove 28.After the magnesium sheet of ormal weight supplied in the air lock 142, close cap 146 was introduced air lock 142 from steel cylinder 25 with argon gas.Then, the air in the air lock is discharged from discharge pipe 148, produces oxygen-free atmosphere in air lock 142.Magnesium gas in the stove 28 and argon gas supply in the die cavity of casting pattern 12 together, and argon gas is from steel cylinder 25, as carrier gas.
Now referring to Fig. 9-11, the 4th to the 6th embodiment is described, in each embodiment, magnesium gas and nitrogen react in advance in the outside of casting pattern 12, produce magnesium nitride compound (Mg
3N
2), introduce magnesium nitride compound in the die cavity after, poured with molten metal is in die cavity.
The Casting Equipment 10 of the 4th embodiment is shown in Fig. 9.Casting pattern 12 is connected to a reservoir 14, wherein stores motlten metal 18.By moving upward of piston 16, molten aluminum 18 cast of ormal weight enter casting pattern 12.Nitrogen steel cylinder 20 is connected to casting pattern 12 by pipeline 22.Open valve 24, nitrogen is introduced casting pattern 12, purge the air in the casting pattern 12.Gas bomb 20 is connected to stove 28 by pipeline 26, opens valve 30, and nitrogen is introduced stove 28.Heater 32 heating stoves reach 800 ℃ or higher temperature, make the distillation of magnesium powder.Gas bomb 20 is connected to 36 by pipeline 34, in store the magnesium powder.36 by manage 38 be connected to valve 30 on the pipe 26 be positioned at that part of of stove 28.On the pipe 38 valve 40 is housed.Stove 28 is connected to casting pattern 12 by pipeline 42 and 44, and pipe 44 passes piston 16 and stretches in the casting pattern 12.The structure of coupling part 13 that pipe 22 is connected to casting pattern 12 is identical with first embodiment shown in Figure 2.
The deoxidation casting of implementing in Casting Equipment 10 now is described.
At first, open valve 24, nitrogen is introduced casting pattern 12 from steel cylinder 20 through pipeline 22, in casting pattern 12, be full of nitrogen.The air of casting pattern 12 is purged by the air vent (not shown) and is discharged.Then, open valve 30, nitrogen is introduced stove 28.
Afterwards, shut off valve 24 and 30, and will manage 22 connection piston and separate with coupling part 13.Open valve 40, feed stove 28 together from 36 with magnesium powder and nitrogen.The magnesium powder distils in stove 28, and magnesium gas and nitrogen reaction make magnesium nitride compound gas introduce casting pattern 12 through pipeline 42 and 44.Magnesium nitride compound is deposited on the inner surface of casting pattern 12 die cavity 12a with powder type.
Then, piston 16 moves upward, and molten aluminum 18 cast are entered casting pattern 12.Molten aluminum 18 and magnesium nitride compound react on the inner surface of the die cavity 12a of casting pattern 12, and magnesium nitride compound removes deoxidation from the oxide-film that the molten aluminum surface forms, and molten aluminum becomes fine aluminium.Some are stayed die cavity or are included in molten aluminum 18 interior oxygen and become magnesia or magnesium hydroxide, but still are included in the molten aluminum 18.The amount of magnesia and magnesium hydroxide and is chemically stable compound seldom, and therefore, they can not have harmful effect to the aluminium product.By the air vent (not shown) excess air is discharged to outside the casting pattern 12.
As mentioned above, the oxide-films that magnesium nitride compound forms from molten aluminum 18 surface are except that deoxidation, and stay in the die cavity or the oxygen that is included in the molten aluminum 18 becomes magnesia or magnesium hydroxide, and are included in the molten aluminum 18.So, do not have oxide-film on the surface of molten aluminum 18.
Owing to there is not oxide-film, so the surface tension of molten aluminum can not become greatly, improved flowability, operating characteristics and the wetability of molten aluminum 18, can cast the very high high-quality Al product of smoothness.
To the amount of the magnesium nitride compound in the casting pattern 12 and density without limits.Even the density of magnesium nitride compound is lower, nitrogen and magnesium nitride compound still can be full of casting pattern 12, can greatly reduce the amount of oxygen in the casting pattern 12, prevent to form oxide-film.
Nitrogen needn't feed casting pattern 12 in advance.In other words, nitrogen and magnesium nitride compound directly can be fed casting pattern 12, from wherein discharging air.
In the 4th embodiment, deoxidation casting of the present invention is applied to gravitational casting.The inventive method is not limited to this embodiment.
Now the 5th embodiment is described referring to Figure 10.The casting pattern 12 of high-pressure casting comprises part of the upper die 50 and pressing mold part 51.Different with the 4th embodiment shown in Figure 9, casting pattern 12 shown in Figure 10 has higher air-tightness.The die cavity 12a of casting pattern 12 is connected to step-down pump 52 by pipeline 53, rather than links to each other with pipeline 22 (see figure 9)s that are used to introduce nitrogen.Pipe 55 is connected to die cavity 12a the outside of casting pattern 12.On pipe 52 and 55, valve 54 and 56 are arranged respectively.
In the present embodiment, open valve 54, shut off valve 56 deflates from casting pattern 12, produces oxygen-free environment, cvd nitride magnesium compound in casting pattern 12 then.In this case, when magnesium nitride compound is deposited in the casting pattern 12, do not begin deoxidation equally, make magnesium nitride compound can be effective to the deoxidation of the oxide-film of motlten metal 18 surface formation.Notice, can open valve 56 when carrying out high-pressure casting, enter in the casting pattern 12 so that motlten metal 18 is easily poured into a mould.
Now the 6th embodiment is described referring to Figure 11.The jar 36 that is storing the magnesium powder is connected to stove 28, and nitrogen steel cylinder 20 and argon gas steel cylinder 25 are connected on the stove 28.Be connected to jars 36 and the pipeline 26 of steel cylinder 25 and the pipeline 22 that is connected to steel cylinder 20 all extend to inner surface near stove 28 bottoms.The 22a and the 26a of pipe 22 and 26 extend in stove 28.Pipe 42 is connected to casting pattern 12 with stove 28, and the lower end of this pipe is in stove 28 opened upper end.
In the 6th embodiment, at first open valve 24 and 45, by managing 22 and 42, nitrogen is introduced in stove 28 and the casting pattern 12, purge the air in stove 28 and the casting pattern 12 or discharge air.Then, shut off valve 24 and 45 at once.Note,, can purge the air in stove 28 and the casting pattern 12 by opening valve 30 and introducing argon gas.
Afterwards, shut off valve 30 is opened valve 33,40 and 45, and the magnesium powder is supplied to the stove 28 with argon gas from jar 36.Simultaneously, open valve 24, nitrogen is introduced stove 28.Stove 28 heats under 800 ℃ or higher temperature, makes the distillation of magnesium powder.The magnesium powder distillation that feeds this stove 28 produces magnesium gas, and therefore, magnesium gas and nitrogen reaction form magnesium nitride compound, and this compound is an example of deoxy compound.Argon gas is sent magnesium nitride compound into the die cavity of casting pattern 12 as carrier gas, and magnesium nitride compound is deposited on the die cavity inner surface with powder type.
When magnesium nitride compound is deposited on the die cavity inner surface, the molten aluminum cast is entered this die cavity.In die cavity, molten aluminum and magnesium nitride compound react on the die cavity inner surface, the oxide-film deoxidation that the result makes the molten aluminum surface form in casting.
Now referring to Figure 12, the 7th embodiment is described, in this embodiment, the device that produces magnesium gas is to separate with reative cell as stove 28.The major part 151 that produces magnesium gas device 150 is made by heat-insulating material.By heater 32a major part 151 is heated to 800 ℃ or higher temperature.Pipeline 26 is connected to the jar that stores the magnesium powder, and argon tanks is connected to major part 151.Major part 151 is connected to stove 28 by managing 152.Nitrogen steel cylinder 20 is connected to stove 28 by pipeline 22.
In this embodiment, the magnesium powder supplies in the device 150 that produces magnesium gas through pipeline 26 by argon gas.The magnesium powder heating sublimation that enters produces magnesium gas.Magnesium gas feeds stove 28 through pipeline 152., pipeline 152 is preferably by heater 154 heating, to keep the temperature of magnesium gas.
Nitrogen feeds stove 28 through pipeline 22. Opening conduits 152 and 22, these two pipelines relatively, make the collision mutually in stove 28 of magnesium gas and nitrogen in stove 28.By magnesium gas and nitrogen are introduced stove 28, these two kinds of gases are reaction just, forms magnesium nitride compound (deoxy compound).
Keep the high temperature of stoves 28 with heater 33,, the active deoxidizing compound is introduced among the die cavity 12a of casting pattern 12 of high temperature so that quicken reacting to each other of two kinds of gases.So deoxy compound can be effectively used to motlten metal.Be preferably, stove 28 just is contained on the casting pattern 12, make with the distance of die cavity 12a very near.Interface channel 156 is connected to stove 28 certain part of the cast gate or the close die cavity 12a of casting pattern 12.Owing to enter die cavity 12a immediately after the reaction of motlten metal and deoxy compound, the flowability of motlten metal in die cavity 12a improves, so casting molten metal effectively.
In above-mentioned these embodiments, be that fine aluminium is used as motlten metal, but other metal material, as comprise the aluminium alloy of silicon, magnesium, copper, nickel, all can be used as the cast metal.Among the present invention, " aluminium " this speech comprises aluminium alloy.
Except aluminium and aluminium alloy, other metal such as magnesium, iron and their alloy also can be cast according to the inventive method.
The present invention can comprise that other does not depart from the concrete form of the present invention's spirit or its essential characteristic.Therefore, some embodiments at this only are used for explanation, be not construed as limiting the invention the scope of the invention of determining by the description of claims rather than front and all be included in claims in meaning of claims and all changes in the full scope of equivalents.
Claims (12)
1. deoxidation casting method, this method comprises the following steps:
Deoxy compound that makes by the reaction of a kind of metal gas and a kind of non-active gas and molten reactant metal make the oxide-film deoxidation on the molten metal surface;
Described deoxy compound is by respectively described metal gas and described non-active gas being introduced the die cavity of casting pattern, these two kinds of gas reactions being made, and poured with molten metal is cast in die cavity.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described metal gas and described non-active gas introduce die cavity respectively through introducing the hole, and these holes are formed in the casting pattern and and die cavity connection.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that described deoxy compound is deposited on the die cavity inner surface of casting pattern.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that using inert gas as carrier gas, is used for described metal gas is introduced the die cavity of casting pattern.
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described metal gas and non-active gas are the die cavities that is introduced into casting pattern in die cavity behind the generation oxygen-free atmosphere.
6. method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that by the casting pattern die cavity is found time to produce described oxygen-free atmosphere.
7. method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that by introducing inert gas and produce described oxygen-free atmosphere from wherein purging out air in the die cavity of model.
8. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that a kind of gas boosting of described die cavity, and this gas does not react with described deoxy compound in this die cavity, then with poured with molten metal in the die cavity of supercharging.
9. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that when poured with molten metal is in die cavity, and described deoxy compound and molten reactant metal make the oxide-film deoxidation of molten metal surface.
10. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that the magnesium nitride compound and the molten aluminum reaction that make by magnesium gas and nitrogen reaction make the lip-deep oxide-film deoxidation of molten aluminum;
Described magnesium nitride compound is by respectively described magnesium gas and described nitrogen being introduced the die cavity of casting pattern, these two kinds of gas reactions being made, and poured with molten metal is cast in die cavity.
11. method as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that using argon gas as carrier gas, is used for described magnesium gas is introduced the die cavity of casting pattern.
12. the equipment of deoxidation casting, the magnesium nitride compound that magnesium gas and nitrogen reaction therein makes reacts with molten aluminum, and makes the oxide-film deoxidation on molten aluminum surface by magnesium nitride compound, and this equipment comprises:
The casting pattern that die cavity is arranged is poured into a mould molten aluminum therein, casts out the aluminium of reservation shape;
Be used for nitrogen is introduced the device of die cavity;
Be used for producing the stove of magnesium gas by heating and distillation magnesium;
Be used for magnesium gas is introduced described casting pattern die cavity together from described stove and carrier gas, so that magnesium gas and nitrogen make the device of magnesium nitride compound at the die cavity internal reaction.
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| CN 01100255 CN1364481A (en) | 2001-01-12 | 2001-01-12 | Nano productive cough clearing medicine and its preparing method |
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| CNB011250550A Division CN1299857C (en) | 2001-07-31 | 2001-07-31 | Deoxidizing casting, aluminium casting and casting apparatus |
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| CN100374229C true CN100374229C (en) | 2008-03-12 |
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| CNB2006101155842A Expired - Fee Related CN100374229C (en) | 2001-01-12 | 2001-07-31 | Deoxidation casting, aluminium casting and casting equipment |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5669434A (en) * | 1994-10-26 | 1997-09-23 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method and apparatus for forming an aluminum alloy composite material |
| US5786035A (en) * | 1994-07-28 | 1998-07-28 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for producing metal-ceramic composite materials |
| US5934355A (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1999-08-10 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of manufacturing metal ceramic composite material |
| JP2000280063A (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-10 | Nissin Kogyo Co Ltd | Aluminum casting method |
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2001
- 2001-01-12 CN CN 01100255 patent/CN1364481A/en active Pending
- 2001-07-31 CN CNB2006101155842A patent/CN100374229C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5786035A (en) * | 1994-07-28 | 1998-07-28 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for producing metal-ceramic composite materials |
| US5669434A (en) * | 1994-10-26 | 1997-09-23 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method and apparatus for forming an aluminum alloy composite material |
| US5934355A (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1999-08-10 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of manufacturing metal ceramic composite material |
| JP2000280063A (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-10 | Nissin Kogyo Co Ltd | Aluminum casting method |
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| CN1364481A (en) | 2002-08-21 |
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