CN100373838C - PN programming method used for CDMA honeycomb system - Google Patents
PN programming method used for CDMA honeycomb system Download PDFInfo
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- CN100373838C CN100373838C CNB2004100005105A CN200410000510A CN100373838C CN 100373838 C CN100373838 C CN 100373838C CN B2004100005105 A CNB2004100005105 A CN B2004100005105A CN 200410000510 A CN200410000510 A CN 200410000510A CN 100373838 C CN100373838 C CN 100373838C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a PN layout method for CDMA honeycomb systems. The PN layout is realized by the steps of determining pilot frequency increment, selecting a PN resource group to be used, determining a PN setting mode, determining a base group, establishing the mapping relationship of other multiplexing groups and the base group, carrying out PN layout to the most dispersive multiplexing group and mapping to obtain the PN layout results of other multiplexing groups. Compared with the prior art, an operation flow for controlling the PN layout process from the angle of the total network is put forward. The method carries out PN layout through process control and according to actual base station distribution, and enhances efficiency and quality. The method can effectively solve the problem that the prior art does not ensure layout quality and is not suitable for the PN layout of large-scale networks. The present invention is suitable for the PN layout of newly-built networks, and is also used for adjusting and optimizing the PN of the existing networks.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to PN planning and optimization in the cdma cellular communication technology, proposed a kind of new PN planing method, is a kind of PN planing method that is used for CDMA Cellular System concretely.
Background technology
For mobile communication system, the communication quality that how effectively to improve network is the important topic of networking.In the cdma cellular communication system, rationally whether the communication quality influence to network is very big in PN planning.PN may appear in irrational PN planning to be obscured, and causes the minizone to produce problems such as larger interference, influences the proper communication of network.Along with the continuous expansion of network size, the complexity of PN planning is more and more higher, and the PN that how to make rational planning for reduces presence of intercell interference, is an important subject during cdma network is built.
Industry has had certain research to cdma network PN planning technology at present, wherein relates to the following two pieces of patents of mainly containing of PN planning technology.
United States Patent (USP), the patent No. is: 6618432, the invention people is Ganesh etc., denomination of invention is: the thought that is used for the system and method (System and method forminimizing interference and optimizing PN planning in CDMA networks) of minimise interference and PN programme in cdma network is: realize PN planning with method of emulation, at first give each cell allocation PN, according to the PN analogue system performance of distributing, indicate the poor sub-district of performance, PN to these sub-districts adjusts then, the analogue system performance to the last satisfies performance requirement once more.
United States Patent (USP), the patent No. is: 6490313, invention is artificial: Ganesh etc., denomination of invention is: the thought of the system and method (System and method for PNoffset index planning in a digital CDMA cellular network) of PN biasing retrieval scheme is in a digital CDMA Cellular System: realize PN planning with method of emulation, at first give each cell allocation PN, obtain interference between each sub-district with instrument emulation then, interference is provided with reasonable threshold, for the situation that exceeds thresholding, adjust the PN of relevant base station, up to meeting the demands.
The thought of two patents all is to utilize emulation tool, on the basis of finishing preliminary PN planning, utilizes emulation tool to search the problem that may exist, and the adjustment that PN is carried out in in-problem zone solves problem then.
The problem that prior art exists is strategy and the handling process that does not have to propose to carry out from the whole network angle PN planning, can't fundamentally guarantee the quality of PN planning.Prior art is just adjusted the zone that goes wrong, and local adjustment may cause other zone to go wrong, and makes the PN program results of bulk zone need to adjust, the PN planning of the especially inapplicable more complicated catenet of this technology.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, a kind of PN planing method that is used for CDMA Cellular System is provided, can not provide from the whole network angle and carry out the strategy of PN planning and the shortcoming of handling process to overcome prior art, solve the problem that can't guarantee PN planning quality, inapplicable complex large-sized network PN planning in the prior art.
PN planning needs the isolating problem of the multiplexing and adjacent PN of the identical PN of consideration.Base station, compact district spacing is little, and quantity is many, and it is not enough to occur the PN multiplex distance easily, causes disturbing the problem of network; Base station, rarefaction spacing is big, and the time of delay of signal is long, if adjacent base station uses close PN, may occur the problem that PN obscures occurring owing to postpone normally demodulation.The present invention is directed to the problem of this two aspect, proposed a kind of handling process of PN planning, avoid the PN program results this two kinds of problems to occur from flow process.
Flow process of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.
For realizing purpose of the present invention, the method that the present invention proposes mainly may further comprise the steps:
The first step: determine PILOT_INC (pilot tone increment)
According to the distribution situation of base station in the network,, can calculate the PILOT_INC that is suitable for current network conditions and wireless propagation environment from satisfying the angle of insulation request.
This parameter can utilize existing technique computes to obtain according to base station distribution and topography and landform character.
Second step: choose the PN resource group of preparing use
According to PILOT_INC, can obtain available PN resource, be [512/PILOT_INC].
Suppose in the network that cell sector number generally is no more than n, can every n PN resource as one group, such one group of PN resource is called a PN resource group, then the available PN resource of cdma system group quantity is [512/ (PILOT_INC
*N)].Suppose the sector number m of base station reality, then this base station need be selected ' [(m-1)/n]+1 ' individual PN resource group for use.
In order to satisfy the needs of the later stage network capacity extension, from available PN resource group, reserve a part as dilatation, all the other can use when current network PN plans, are called the PN resource group of preparing use.
The 3rd step: determine the PN set-up mode
After determining PILOT_INC, generally adopt two kinds of methods that PN is set:
1) be provided with continuously, the PN of different sectors, same base station differs the multiple into PILOT_INC.
2) be provided with at interval, the PN of different sectors, same base station differs and is certain constant.
The 4th step:, determine base set to all base station groupings
' preparing the PN resource group of use ' quantity according to second step was determined is divided into a plurality of multiplexing group with all base stations.To each multiplexing group, according to each sector of base station number, can obtain the PN resource group quantity that need select for use each base station, require each the multiplexing group resource group quantity that need select for use to be less than or equal ' prepare use PN resource group ' quantity, preferably equate.
Relative position, base station dense degree and topography and landform character according to each base station carry out multiplexing group division; Represent that one forms the base station of sheet for multiplexing group.
After the grouping of all base stations finishes, get base station wherein than a group of comparatively dense as base set, preferably wherein the most intensive one group, the accumulated value that requires the resource group quantity that each base station of base set need select for use as far as possible and " preparing the PN resource group of use " quantity consistent.
Base set is one special multiplexing group.
PN resource group quantity according to each base station needs in the base set occupy is numbered, and there is ' [(m-1)/n]+1 ' individual numbering each base station.
The 5th step: the mapping relations of setting up other multiplexing group and base set
Set up the mapping relations of other multiplexing group and base set.In each multiplexing group, according to the PN resource quantity of each base station needs and the one or more base stations correspondence in the base set, the numbering according to the base set base station obtains corresponding numbers.All base stations can both obtain that ' [(m-1)/n]+1 ' individual numbering, when PN planned, identical numbering adopted identical PN resource group like this.
When the mapping of carrying out other multiplexing group and base set, need to consider the multiplexing requirement of PN.In just different multiplexing group, adopt the base station of identical numbering (corresponding identical PN resource group) to need enough spacings, avoid occurring causing the problem disturbed inadequately, need consider and the adjacent multiplexing requirement of all PN of multiplexing group for each multiplexing group with the PN multiplex distance.
The base station spacing of compact district is little, and the PN multiplex distance is little, and the probability that the multiplexing problem of PN occurs is big, so PN planning will guarantee that at first compact district satisfies the multiplex distance requirement, need begin to consider the multiplexing problem of PN from the compact district.Here it is with the multiplexing group of reason as base set of compact district.
Before the PN planning,, can calculate the PN multiplex distance thresholding that satisfies interference requirement according to the regional topography and landform character of planning.When other multiplexing group and base set were set up mapping relations, the spacing that need guarantee identical numbering base station was more than or equal to the multiplex distance thresholding.
The 6th step: carry out PN planning to disperseing multiplexing group
Disperse multiplexing group to be one special multiplexing group, spacing relatively large one in base station in all multiplexing group, preferably wherein maximum one, disperse in multiplexing group, the aggregate-value that PN resource group quantity need be occupied in each base station should equal ' preparing to use PN resource group ' quantity as far as possible.
To disperseing multiplexing group, each base station gap ratio is bigger, and signal delay time is long, and it is bigger to occur postponing the excessive likelihood ratio that causes adjacent PN to obscure problem.Therefore, when carrying out the PN resource allocation, need at first definite PN that disperses multiplexing group of each base station, guarantee to disperse in multiplexing group, the spacing of adjacent PN is enough big.
PN resource situation according to the topography and landform character and the preparation in planning zone are used is provided with the thresholding that adjacent PN should isolate, and guarantees to disperse in multiplexing group, and adjacent PN satisfies threshold requirement.
After disperseing multiplexing group of PN planning to finish, can obtain the corresponding relation of each numbering and PN resource group.
The 7th step: mapping obtains other multiplexing group of PN program results
According to each multiplexing group with disperse multiplexing group mapping relations, identical numbering adopts identical PN resource group, can obtain the PN that all base stations need be adopted.
Each multiplexing group when mapping obtains PN, the not enough problem of indivedual adjacent PN base station spacing may appear, need finely tune this moment to program results, can be with the realizations of two kinds of methods:
First method is the numbering of change existing problems base station, can make this base station obtain other PN resource group like this, solves the problem that exists.This situation is equivalent to FOUR EASY STEPS is finely tuned, and need guarantee that the PN multiplex distance of adjusting the back network meets the demands;
Second method is to adjust the corresponding PN resource group of existing problems base station numbering, this situation is equivalent to the operation of the 6th step is finely tuned, in each multiplexing group of this moment, the PN with identical numbering base station needs to adjust, and need guarantee that other position PN do not occur and obscures problem this moment.
Second method is relatively big to the program results adjustment, and the possibility that goes wrong is also bigger, generally adopts first method adjustment.
The 8th step: simulating, verifying
The PN program results is input in the simulation software, program results is verified, in-problem indivedual positions are finely tuned, meet the demands up to PN planning with method of emulation.
This step can use existing technology to realize.
This step is optional, for relatively simple network, and can.
Criterion about described ' comparatively dense ' and described ' disperseing ' is as follows:
Calculate the spacing between each website and the adjacent sites, each website basis and on every side the spacing of all websites ask on average, obtain this website and the mean value of site distance on every side;
To each website in multiplexing group and on every side the mean value of site distance ask on average, obtain multiplexing group in the mean value of site distance, can be called the multiplexing group of station spacing factor;
All station spacing factors of multiplexing group are asked on average, obtained the whole network station spacing factor
The criterion of described ' comparatively dense ' is: multiplexing group the station spacing factor is less than the whole network station spacing factor;
The criterion of described ' disperseing ' is: multiplexing group the station spacing factor is greater than the whole network station spacing factor.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the method for the invention compared with prior art, has proposed a kind of operating process from the whole network angle control PN planning process.This method is by process control, and PN planning is carried out in distribution based on real base station, has improved efficient and quality, can effectively solve prior art and can't guarantee planning quality, the problem of inapplicable catenet PN planning.The present invention is applicable to the PN planning of New-deployed Network, also can be used for the PN of existing network is adjusted optimization.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of embodiment.
Fig. 3 is the base station distribution figure in the northern zone of embodiment project.
Fig. 4 is the base station distribution figure in zone, embodiment project south.
Fig. 5 is the distribution map of base set among the embodiment.
Embodiment
Newly-built cdma network PN with the somewhere is planned to example below, introduces implementation procedure of the present invention.
This network has 46 base stations, and wherein four are distributed in four county towns on every side, more than 100km, to not influence of urban network.The implementation procedure that these base stations PN plans is introduced in the main PN planning of considering 42 base stations in urban district and suburb below.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 have provided the base station distribution situation in northern zone of embodiment project and zone, south respectively, and the centre overlaps.
This network PN planning implementation procedure is as follows:
1, determine PILOT_INC (pilot tone increment):
According to the distribution situation and the topography and geomorphology characteristics of base station in the network, calculate PILOT_INC and get 3 or 4 insulation requests that can both satisfy this project, this project selects 4 for use.
2, determine to prepare the resource group quantity of use:
The most of base station of present networks is three sector base stations, does not have to surpass the base station of three sectors, carries out PN planning with three PN resources as one group, and a PN resource group is occupied in each base station.
The quantity of available PN resource is [512/4]=128, and available resource group quantity is [128/3]=42.
Consider that present networks is a New-deployed Network, the base station gap ratio is bigger, reserves enough resources in order to give later dilatation, from 42 groups of resources can selecting for use, selects 21 groups of resource groups as current period network preparation use for use, reserves 21 groups as later dilatation.
3, determine the PN set-up mode:
After determining PILOT_INC, determine the PN set-up mode, this project adopts the mode that is provided with at interval, and the different sectors of same base differ certain constant, for three sector base stations, are made as 4n, 4n+168,4n+336; For omni-base station, be made as 4n; For two sector base stations, be made as 4n, 4n+168.
Shown in the PN resource table 1 that available PN resource and preparation are used.
The PN resource that available PN resource of table 1 and preparation are used
| Resource can be provided | Prepare the resource of use | |||||||
| First sector | Second sector | The 3rd sector | First sector | Second sector | The 3rd sector | |||
| The |
4 | 172 | 340 | The |
4 | 172 | 340 | |
| The |
8 | 176 | 344 | |||||
| The |
12 | 180 | 348 | The |
12 | 180 | 348 | |
| The |
16 | 184 | 352 | |||||
| The 5th group | 20 | 188 | 356 | The 3rd group | 20 | 188 | 356 | |
| The 6th group | 24 | 192 | 360 | |||||
| The 7th group | 28 | 196 | 364 | The 4th group | 28 | 196 | 364 | |
| The 8th group | 32 | 200 | 368 | |||||
| The 9th group | 36 | 204 | 372 | The 5th group | 36 | 204 | 372 | |
| The 10th group | 40 | 208 | 376 | |||||
| The 11st group | 44 | 212 | 380 | The 6th group | 44 | 212 | 380 | |
| The 12nd group | 48 | 216 | 384 | |||||
| The 13rd group | 52 | 220 | 388 | The 7th group | 52 | 220 | 388 | |
| The 14th group | 56 | 224 | 392 | |||||
| The 15th group | 60 | 228 | 396 | The 8th group | 60 | 228 | 396 | |
| The 16th group | 64 | 232 | 400 | |||||
| The 17th group | 68 | 236 | 404 | The 9th group | 68 | 236 | 404 | |
| The 18th group | 72 | 240 | 408 | |||||
| The 19th group | 76 | 244 | 412 | The 10th group | 76 | 244 | 412 | |
| The 20th group | 80 | 248 | 416 | |||||
| The 21st group | 84 | 252 | 420 | The 11st group | 84 | 252 | 420 | |
| The 22nd group | 88 | 256 | 424 | |||||
| The 23rd group | 92 | 260 | 428 | The 12nd group | 92 | 260 | 428 | |
| The 24th group | 96 | 264 | 432 | |||||
| The 25th group | 100 | 268 | 436 | The 13rd group | 100 | 268 | 436 | |
| The 26th group | 104 | 272 | 440 | |||||
| The 27th group | 108 | 276 | 444 | The 14th group | 108 | 276 | 444 | |
| The 28th group | 112 | 280 | 448 | |||||
| The 29th group | 116 | 284 | 452 | The 15th group | 116 | 284 | 452 | |
| The 30th group | 120 | 288 | 456 | |||||
| The 31st group | 124 | 292 | 460 | The 16th group | 124 | 292 | 460 | |
| The |
128 | 296 | 464 | |||||
| The 33rd group | 132 | 300 | 468 | The 17th group | 132 | 300 | 468 | |
| The 34th group | 136 | 304 | 472 | |||||
| The |
140 | 308 | 476 | The |
140 | 308 | 476 | |
| The 36th group | 144 | 312 | 480 | |||||
| The 37th group | 148 | 316 | 484 | The 19th group | 148 | 316 | 484 | |
| The 38th group | 152 | 320 | 488 | |||||
| The 39th group | 156 | 324 | 492 | The 20th group | 156 | 324 | 492 | |
| The 40th group | 160 | 328 | 496 | |||||
| The 41st group | 164 | 332 | 500 | The 21st group | 164 | 332 | 500 | |
| The 42nd group | 168 | 336 | 504 |
4, select base set:
This PN planning is primarily aimed at 42 base stations in urban district and suburb, according to the base station distribution and the topography and landform character of this project, all base stations is divided into two multiplexing group, with northern urban district relatively multiplexing group of close quarters as base set, as shown in Figure 5.
5. set up multiplexing group and base set mapping relations:
Another multiplexing group and base set are mapped, and table 2 has provided the mapping relations between each base station, and wherein black matrix is base set, and the mapping relations of base set " multiplexing group and " hurdle has provided the mapping relations of multiplexing group of each base station and each base station of base set.
When setting up the corresponding relation of multiplexing group and base set, mainly considered the multiplex distance of PN, used two minimum 20KM of base station spacing of identical PN group, the centre has three layers of base station at least.
6. multiplexing group is carried out PN planning:
Carry out PN to multiplexing group and plan,, begin to carry out PN planning, each base station selected PN resource group from disperseing most the base station according to the relative position and the spacing of base station.
7, draw base set PN program results:
According to the mapping relations of base set and multiplexing group, obtain the PN program results of each base station of base set.
This project network is relatively simple, does not need to carry out emulation.
The PN program results is as shown in table 2.
Table 2 PN multiplexed situation and program results
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the method for the invention compared with prior art, has proposed a kind of operating process from the whole network angle control PN planning process.This method is by process control, and PN planning is carried out in distribution based on real base station, has improved efficient and quality, can effectively solve prior art and can't guarantee planning quality, the problem of inapplicable catenet PN planning.The present invention is applicable to the PN planning of New-deployed Network, also can be used for the PN of existing network is adjusted optimization.
Above embodiment only is used to illustrate the present invention, but not is used to limit the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. PN planing method that is used for CDMA Cellular System is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, according to the distribution situation of base station in the network, determine the pilot tone increment PI LOT_INC that is suitable for current network conditions and wireless propagation environment;
Step 2, obtain available PN resource for [512/PILOT_INC] according to described pilot tone increment; If most of cell sector number are no more than n in the network, available every n PN resource is as a PN resource group, and then the available PN resource of cdma system group quantity is [512/ (PILOT_INC*n)]; If establishing the sector number of base station reality is m, then this base station need be selected ' [(m-1)/n]+1 ' individual PN resource group for use; From available PN resource group, can select the PN resource group of preparing use, the PN resource group quantity of preparing to use can only be less than or equal available PN resource group quantity;
Step 3, PN is provided with;
The quantity of the PN resource group that step 4, the described preparation of determining according to step 2 are used is divided into a plurality of multiplexing group with all base stations; To each multiplexing group, obtain the PN resource group quantity that each base station needs is selected for use according to each sector of base station number, wherein the PN resource group quantity sum that need select for use of each multiplexing group of each base station is less than or equal to the PN resource group quantity that described preparation is used; Relative position, base station dense degree and topography and landform character according to each base station carry out multiplexing group division; After the grouping of all base stations finished, one group that gets base station comparatively dense wherein as base set; The criterion of described " comparatively dense " is: multiplexing group the station spacing factor is less than the whole network station spacing factor;
In the step 5, each multiplexing group,, thereby set up the mapping relations of other multiplexing group and base set according to the PN resource quantity of each base station needs and the one or more base stations correspondence in the base set;
Step 6, carry out PN planning: at first, determine to disperse the PN of multiplexing group of each base station, guarantee to disperse in multiplexing group that the spacing of adjacent PN is enough big to disperseing multiplexing group; PN resource situation according to the topography and landform character and the preparation in planning zone are used is provided with the thresholding that adjacent PN should isolate, and guarantees to disperse in multiplexing group, and adjacent PN satisfies threshold requirement; After disperseing multiplexing group of PN planning to finish, draw the corresponding relation of each numbering and PN resource group;
The criterion of described " disperseing " is: multiplexing group the station spacing factor is greater than the whole network station spacing factor; Describedly disperse multiplexing group to be one special multiplexing group, also be spacing relatively large one in base station in all multiplexing group, disperseing in multiplexing group, the aggregate-value that PN resource group quantity need be occupied in each base station should equal described preparation use PN resource group quantity as far as possible;
Step 7, according to each multiplexing group with disperse multiplexing group mapping relations, obtain the PN that all base stations need be adopted.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the PN set-up mode is meant: PN is provided with continuously, that is: the PN of different sectors, same base station differs the multiple into PILOT_INC.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the PN set-up mode is meant: PN is carried out the interval be provided with, that is: the PN of different sectors, same base station differs and is certain constant.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the accumulated value of the resource group quantity that each base station of described base set need be selected for use the PN resource group quantity with described preparation use as far as possible is consistent;
Described base set is one special multiplexing group; PN resource group quantity according to each base station needs in the base set occupy is numbered, and there is ' [(m-1)/n]+1 ' individual numbering each base station;
Described each multiplexing group of numbering according to the base set base station obtains corresponding numbers, and all base stations can both obtain ' [(m-1)/n]+1 ' individual numbering like this.
5. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, from available PN resource group, reserves a part as dilatation, and all the other can use when current network PN plans;
When PN planned, identical numbering adopted identical PN resource group;
When the mapping of carrying out other multiplexing group and base set, need to consider the multiplexing requirement of PN, adopt the base station of identical numbering to need enough spacings in just different multiplexing group; Need consider and the adjacent multiplexing requirement of all PN of multiplexing group for each multiplexing group;
Before PN planning,, calculate the PN multiplex distance thresholding that satisfies interference requirement according to the regional topography and landform character of planning; When other multiplexing group and base set were set up mapping relations, the spacing that need guarantee identical numbering base station was more than or equal to the multiplex distance thresholding.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, according to each multiplexing group with disperse multiplexing group mapping relations, identical numbering adopts identical PN resource group, can obtain the PN that all base stations need be adopted;
Each multiplexing group when mapping obtains PN, if the not enough situation of indivedual adjacent PN base station spacing then needs the PN program results is finely tuned; The described PN program results is finely tuned is meant:
The numbering of change existing problems base station correspondence, so that this base station obtains other PN resource group, this situation need guarantee that the PN multiplex distance of adjusting the back network meets the demands;
Perhaps:
Adjust the corresponding PN resource group of existing problems base station numbering, in each multiplexing group of this moment, the PN with identical numbering base station needs to adjust, and need guarantee that other position PN do not occur and obscures problem this moment.
7. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the PN program results is input in the simulation software, with method of emulation program results is verified, in-problem indivedual positions are finely tuned, and meets the demands up to PN planning.
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| CN100375400C (en) * | 2004-07-13 | 2008-03-12 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | A method for implementing ordered allocation of pilot frequency in CDMA system |
| CN101163314B (en) * | 2006-12-26 | 2010-04-21 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Automatically planning pilot method in code division multiple access system |
| CN101141776B (en) * | 2007-10-09 | 2010-06-02 | 华为技术有限公司 | Network resource planning method and device |
| CN101466131B (en) * | 2009-01-14 | 2011-10-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for communication switch, method, base station, terminal and system for obtaining neighboring district |
| CN101925140A (en) | 2009-06-12 | 2010-12-22 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Switching method and device among base stations |
| CN103260169B (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2016-05-18 | 中国电信股份有限公司 | Whole net PN amending method and device |
| WO2015035552A1 (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2015-03-19 | 华为技术有限公司 | Sector configuration method, service switching method, device and base station |
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| US6490313B1 (en) * | 1999-12-11 | 2002-12-03 | Verizon Laboratories Inc. | System and method for PN offset index planning in a digital CDMA cellular network |
| US6618432B1 (en) * | 1997-12-11 | 2003-09-09 | Verizon Laboratories Inc. | Systems and methods for minimizing interference and optimizing PN planning in CDMA networks |
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| US6058136A (en) * | 1997-12-11 | 2000-05-02 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | System and method for PN offset index planning in a digital CDMA cellular network |
| US6618432B1 (en) * | 1997-12-11 | 2003-09-09 | Verizon Laboratories Inc. | Systems and methods for minimizing interference and optimizing PN planning in CDMA networks |
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