CN1003728B - Quick-connecting bolt and adjusting method of its fastening force - Google Patents
Quick-connecting bolt and adjusting method of its fastening force Download PDFInfo
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- CN1003728B CN1003728B CN87106713.7A CN87106713A CN1003728B CN 1003728 B CN1003728 B CN 1003728B CN 87106713 A CN87106713 A CN 87106713A CN 1003728 B CN1003728 B CN 1003728B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a connecting bolt used for connecting members for simply adjusting the tightening force of a structure of a connected member and a method for adjusting the tightening force of the bolt.
Description
The present invention relates to the connecting bolt that connector element is used, specifically, relate to having and to adjust the connecting bolt of the structure that is connected the member fastening force easily and adjust the method for fastening force with this connecting bolt.
Always, the housing of machine such as steam turbine and flange are interconnective with connecting bolt.The fastening force of adjusting this connecting bolt in advance keeps specified value with the temperature that has a machine in operation.
Below, be that example illustrates the connecting bolt that always uses with the attachment portion of steam turbine shell.
Fig. 8 is the sectional drawing of the general steam turbine structure of expression.This steam turbine, externally housing is equipped with inner shell 2 for 1 li, has the rotor 4 of turbine blade 3 in 2 li installings of this inner shell.Externally have vapor inlet port 5 on the housing 1 in addition, telescopic connecting tube 6 is housed in this vapor inlet port, connecting tube 6 then is connected with annular nozzle case 7 on the inner shell 2.Also have, the nozzle blade 9 that has nozzle 8 is installed on the inwall of inner shell 2, this nozzle blade 9 and turbine blade 3 form the steam turbine lashing stage together.At the sealing configuration of the two ends of shell 1 filling gland packing 10 formation to 4 envelopes of rotor.
In this steam turbine, the steam of High Temperature High Pressure from vapor inlet port 5 through connecting tube 6 flow nozzle casees, come out to become high-velocity fluid from nozzle, and be directed impacting on turbine blade 3, at this moment, by turbine blade 3 kinetic energy being added to has changeed on 4, becomes high velocity air once more by the nozzle 8 that forms subsequently on each nozzle blade 9, and is imported in turn on the next turbine lashing stage.By the steam of last turbine lashing stage, during being sent to once more, process high-pressure turbine outlet 11 goes in pressure or the low-pressure turbine.
As shown in Figure 9, in general the external casing 1 and the inner shell 2 of rotor 4 installed in sealing, be divided into up and down with horizontal plane and be transported to on-the-spotly under the two-part state, and separated housing 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b assemble by fusing with the connecting bolt 12 of the fastening form in two and tightening nut 13.
Also have, in order to ensure the rigidity intensity of housing, making the heavy wall form as the junction surface flange portion 14 that separates housing.Connecting bolt 12 is inserted in the flange portions 14, connecting bolt is firmly fastened to, so just can guarantee the sealing of the interior pressure of housing with tightening nut 13.
When calculating acts on active force on the connecting bolt 12 that the inside and outside housing 1,2 that makes steam turbine is connected to become paired up and down housing together, not only to calculate the vapor tension in the single housing 1,2, also to add to making housing up and down connect the tensile stress that causes securely, and stop the stress that causes thermal distortion by superheated steam during running at the bolt axial direction.Therefore, whole stress add up calculate stress reached the higher value that acts on connecting bolt.
In order to bear so big stress, connecting bolt 12 will be done very greatly, and for example in the power generation turbine of 500MW, the diameter of connecting bolt 12 competes to reach 165mm.Thereby, be difficult to fastening with common fastened tools.So the method for Cai Yonging was in the past, break into hollow hole in the inside of connecting bolt 12, place an electric heater hereinto in the emptying aperture, heating connecting bolt 12 made axially to be under the heat expands state in a period of time.Fastening tightening nut.Yet the shortcoming of this firm method is in the operating process such as loading and unloading of heater, to need a large amount of labours.
In addition, also adopt other firm method, promptly air or the high special gas of thermal capacity after the heating are at high temperature sent into hollow hole,, make connecting bolt at axial elongation to replace electric heater.Yet at this moment there is the problem that needs long-time warming temperature.And this firm method is to utilize the principle of the lip part 14 and connecting bolt 12 thermal expansion differences of housing.Thereby, the countermeasure that must have the temperature that makes flange 14 not rise together along with the heating of connecting bolt 12, promptly must restriction the connecting bolt number of heating simultaneously, local warming temperature is carried out in gradation for a long time, it is difficult doing like this; And obstruction operating efficiency.
Say again, in the above-mentioned occasion of utilizing thermal process, for bolt 12 is at high temperature heated.Easily cause the thermal denaturation of member, cause the deterioration of material, when particularly heating, cause that the possibility of high temperature oxidation and corrosion of hollow hole inner face is very high, the danger that makes the connecting bolt reduction in strength is arranged with high-temperature gas.
Always, make binder bolt elongation, and fastening in this state method,, be used when for example needing the above firm torque of 50Kgm general artificial can not the realization by heating.Connecting bolt concerning steam turbine more than the diameter 50mm is to use object.In order to seek laborsaving, the easy moment of torsion wrench that also adopts oil sector of this attended operation, but in this case, owing on connecting bolt 12, apply twisting action, must design the intensity of connecting bolt according to the combined stress of the shearing stress that extends the tensile stress that causes by connecting bolt and cause by twisting action.For this reason, require in the design stretching proof stress be controlled at the connecting bolt Proof stress 83% in, so just there is the danger that can not fully guarantee fastening force.And another problem is that the moment of torsion wrench of interior charge of oil press mechanism is a jumbo, and free from worry operating space around needing especially needs to use crane lifting bolt wrench etc., lacks general mobility on programmed sequence of operations.
The problems referred to above mainly when periodical repair etc., assemble or the operation of decomposing in the remodeling project of the inconvenience that exists.The problem of the intensity management aspect of attachment portion is quite a few during running.
Also promptly be exactly that for the machine that uses under the condition of high temperature as steam turbine, the fastening force of special attachment portion changes because timeliness takes place for thermal expansion or creep, so need take suitably to strengthen the countermeasure of firm grade.
In general, by selected material, make the thermal expansion coefficient that is connected member and connecting bolt approaching in design, thus the countermeasure that the influence that proposition causes thermal expansion is cancelled out each other.
Yet, still have creep during temperature variation on a large scale, the fastening force of connecting bolt, be the compressive stres of connecting bolt itself, as shown in figure 10, the example of Xia Jianging is many in time, particularly connecting bolt be connected in the combination of member, when the thermal expansion coefficient of binder bolt when being connected the thermal expansion coefficient of member, then exist fastening force to descend, and the danger of leaking of high-pressure liquid such as steam along with the rising connecting bolt of operating temperature.This tendency is more obvious along with popularizing of the drive manner that changes operating temperature as required at short notice continually.
As preventing because the countermeasure that the fastening force of the connecting bolt that causes of this thermal expansion reduces, to steam turbine in the past, as Figure 11 and shown in Figure 12, the steam ingress pipe 34 of several bolts hole 20 on the flange portion 14 that is communicated with housing is installed, and feed the steam of set points of temperature to this steam feeding tube 34, so that 15 coolings of connecting bolt main body, perhaps raising is connected the temperature that member is a housing flange portion 14, prevents the decline of fastening force.
Yet in general flange portion 14 parietal layers are thicker, and area is big, and heat is difficult to be delivered to inside, and because of the operating condition difference, and the little bolt body of thermal capacity so exist fastening force to descend, causes the danger of steam leakage often than flange portion elder generation prolonged expansion.
The present invention applies for for solving the above problems, first purpose is in the attended operation that is connected material, its operating efficiency to be significantly improved, prevent deterioration simultaneously, and the connecting bolt of the intensity of high reliability is provided with the connecting bolt material of attended operation generation.
Second purpose of the present invention be, even provide under the condition of machine run, also can then adjust to changed conditions according to the operating condition change, adjusts the adjusting method of connecting bolt fastening force of the fastening force of connecting bolt rapidly and easily.
The connecting bolt that relates to first invention of this case, it is characterized in that, connect and be connected on the connecting bolt of member tightening solid nut, pass the connecting bolt body shaft to hollow hole in piston is housed, seal the opening end of above-mentioned hollow hole with mouth of pipe plug, sealing material is housed around above-mentioned piston simultaneously, hollow hole inside is separated into the temperature regulation space that pressure fluid imports the pressurization space of usefulness and can import thermal medium with it.
The adjusting method of the connecting bolt fastening force relevant with second invention of this case is characterised in that: the connecting bolt main body axially on offer hollow hole, in this hollow hole, a piston is housed by means of sealing material, side at piston forms the pressurization space that imports pressure fluid, opposite side at piston forms the temperature regulation space that imports thermal medium simultaneously, after thermal medium is sent in above-mentioned temperature regulation space, connecting bolt is adjusted to set point of temperature.Under the afore mentioned rules temperature, calculate the elongation that the fastening force that is decided to be target is done to produce on the time spent connecting bolt, sending into the pressure fluid with the pressure that can bring this elongation in above-mentioned pressurization space extends connecting bolt, under this extension state, tighten tightening nut and be connected material for extremely until being adjacent to, emit pressure fluid then connecting bolt is shunk, the fastening force of connecting bolt is set on the specified value.
Acting as of this invention: when use relates to connecting bolt connector element of the present invention, water or wet goods pressure fluid are delivered to the pressurization space that the side at piston forms, the connecting bolt main body is extended vertically, under this extension state, if tighten tightening nut with instrument commonly used, emit pressure fluid then, then removed connecting bolt axially on the stretching stress of effect, the fastening force of connecting bolt is set on the specified value.
In the operation that connects, the temperature and the design temperature of connecting bolt differ greatly, then thermal medium is sent into the temperature regulation space that the piston opposite side forms, and be adjusted to setting temperature or design temperature under the operating condition, carry out attended operation then, according to this temperature adjustment, can set the fastening force of the connecting bolt that is fit to operating condition exactly.
Embodiment:
Below referring to description of drawings one embodiment of the present of invention.
Fig. 1 relates to the sectional arrangement drawing of one embodiment of the present of invention.Connecting bolt 12 inserts and is connected member, is that bolt hole 20, tightening nut 13a, the 13b that offers on the steam turbine flange portion 14 is installed in two ends.External diameter is D
φConnecting bolt main body 15 in, along axially offering an inner diameter d
<math><msup><mi></mi><msub><mi>φ</mi></msup><mi>2</mi></msub></math> , long L
0 Hollow hole 16, in hollow hole 16, install one than hollow hole length L
0Lack the long L of some slightly
1Piston 17, in Fig. 1, adorning sealing material 18 around the top of piston 17.At the opening end of hollow hole 16, the blind patch as sealing hollow hole 16 is housed, promptly mouth of pipe plug 19, and available screw of this mouth of pipe plug or welding method are fixed.
The material of making bolt body 15 can adopt general Chrominm-molybdenum-vanadium steel (Cr Mo V steel) or 12 chrome alum wolfram steel (12CrMoVw steel).Red shortness all easily takes place in these metals, is difficult to be easy to generate pore, and be difficult to obtain good sealing property with common welding method construction.Thereby, when mounting pipe pipe close 19, preferably adopt welding heat electro-beam welding method few, that can obtain desirable seal again to construct.
The bottom contiguous of the lower end of piston 17 and hollow hole 16 in Fig. 1 is at the upside of piston, be that the upside of sealing material 18 forms the pressurization space 21 that imports pressure fluid.The hose coupling 24 that connects flexible pipe 23 is housed on mouth of pipe plug 19, and flexible pipe 23 is used for the pressure fluid that water conservancy diversion transports from pressure fluid transfer pump 22.
On the other hand, in the outside of piston 17, promptly among Fig. 1.The downside of sealing material 18 forms the annular temperature regulation space 25 that imports thermal medium, the bottom that is opened in connecting bolt main body 15 for heat medium flow inlet 26 from the heat extraction medium to this temperature regulation space 25 that send and heat medium flow outlet 27.And heat medium flow inlet 26 and heat medium flow outlet 27 are communicated with temperature regulation space 25 by connectivity slot 28,29.This connectivity slot 28,29 is opened in the lower end of piston 17.In addition, connectivity slot the 28, the 29th, the path of thermal medium is gone back double as simultaneously and is got rid of path, and the effect of this eliminating path is that the upside from sealing material 18 is leaked into the outside that temperature regulation space 25 interior pressure fluids are discharged to connecting bolt main body 15.In addition, the order up and down in pressurization space that forms in connecting bolt and temperature regulation space also can be with shown in Figure 1 opposite.
The following describes the method that the flange portion 14 of steam turbine shell is coupled together with this connecting bolt 12.
Connecting bolt 12 is inserted the bolt hole of offering on the lip part 14 of steam turbine shell 1,2 20, tightening nut 13a, 13b are loaded onto in two ends, tighten with common fastened tools, then the flexible pipe 23 that stretches out from pressure fluid transfer pump 22 is received on the hose coupling 24 on the mouth of pipe plug 19, pressure fluid is sent in the pressurization space 21.
The pressure fluid of sending into pressurization space 21 presses piston 17 by its pressure, and connecting bolt main body 15 is extended axially.
Available following formula is tried to achieve the power F that this pressure fluid extends connecting bolt.
…（1）
Wherein, d
2Be the internal diameter of hollow hole 16, the pressure of the pressure fluid of P.
On the other hand, to try to achieve and make effective length be that l, external diameter are that D, hollow hole internal diameter are d to available following formula
2Necessary power F when connecting bolt 12 only extends △ l:
…（2）
E is the Young's modulus of connecting bolt material.
Can obtain the pressure P that provides the pressure fluid of △ l extension value by (1) formula and (2) with following formula:
In view of the above, can send into pressure fluid, make 15 of connecting bolt main bodys extend △ l with pressure P that formula (3) calculates.On the other hand, by thermal medium being sent into the temperature regulation space, connecting bolt is adjusted on the set point of temperature, under this state, tighten tightening nut 13a, 13b with common fastened tools, discharge pressurized liquid is removed axial tensile stress then, and connecting bolt main body 15 will be shunk △ l length vertically like this, still, the restriction that is subjected to being connected material thickness produces and makes this △ l extend necessary tensile force, promptly as fastening force.
For example, the pressure meter example of representing aforementioned 5000MW level power generation turbine required pressure fluid when adopting this connecting bolt below.That is, establish the outer diameter D=159mm of connecting bolt, hollow aperture d=100mm, Young's modulus E=21000Kg/mm
2, connecting bolt specific elongation 〈 ﹠﹠ be 0.2% o'clock, calculate to such an extent that the pressure P of pressure fluid is about 6420Kg/cm from (3) formula
2Promptly has 6400Kg/cm by handle
2The pressure fluid of pressure send into pressurization space, the extension of connecting bolt just is 2/1000 of its effective length.
Thereby, when adopting this connecting bolt, make the axially extended mechanism of connecting bolt main body because be equipped with, simplified the attaching operation of connecting bolt greatly, facts have proved as long as a few minutes just can a fastening bolt, that is to say when adopting the traditional connecting bolt of the sort of in the past heater heats mode, one group of steam turbine shell of attaching is three days engineerings, and adopt the connecting bolt of present embodiment, then the operating time can foreshorten to below 1/20 with interior just energy complete operation in 2～3 hours.
And, when the tightening nut of the connecting bolt of fastening present embodiment, can be tightly as long as tighten gently with common fastened tools, so warping stress is just little to the effect of connecting bolt.Thereby, be different from employing because of reversing the aging method of the compound proof stress of the shearing stress that causes and tensile stress, can only be set at proof stress to the Proof stress that stretches for connecting bolt, so have enough and to spare on the Intensity Design.
In addition, when the extension of necessity manages to the extension operation of the connecting bolt of implementing present embodiment the time,, therefore simplified operational administrative significantly as long as note showing the pressure gauge reading of pressure fluid pressure.That is to say that the necessary operations program was very complicated in the past, after heat up front and back or cooling, the elongation with testers such as resistance strain gauge grasp connecting bolt body when elongation is not enough, further tightens after the heating again, measures elongation again after the placement cooling.Yet, if adopt the connecting bolt of present embodiment, just can all save said procedure, help to improve significantly operating efficiency.
In addition, because the mechanism that the useful high-pressure liquid of connecting bolt makes it to extend can at room temperature implement terminal operation.Thereby, different with the old mode of using elevated temperature heat sources such as electric heater, can prevent connecting bolt main body thermal denaturation and embrittlement, and improve reliability from material and function two aspects.
More than be that example has illustrated the use-case that makes that relates to connecting bolt of the present invention during from the assembling of steam turbine shell, much less, the occasion of loading and unloading connecting bolt when this makes use-case be equally applicable to make regular check on etc. to decompose housing.That is to say, when unclamping tightening nut, send into that connecting bolt is extended, and in this state, the rotation tightening nut just is easy to loading and unloading having the pressure fluid that the pressure fluid of the time sending into than assembling exceeds some pressure.
And the high pressure pressure fluid of sending in the pressurization space can be the press water or the pressure oil of incompressible fluid, has no particular limits.
Have again,, preferably make the volume of pressurization space as far as possible little in order to improve the speed of pressurized operation.Therefore sealing material is contained near the peripheral place, end of the pressurization space of piston to well.
The allocation position of pressurization space as shown in Figure 1, be arranged in the corresponding bolts that is equipped with nut divide in, this is favourable on intensity.In other words, by the rigidity of tightening nut 13a, can prevent from the connecting bolt main body to be out of shape on radial direction owing to deliver to the pressure of the pressure fluid in the pressurization space 21.
Read brightly in the example of assembling steam turbine shell, connecting bolt decomposes at normal temperatures or is loaded and unloaded when assembling, and on the other hand, when high temperature operation, also will regulate connecting bolt in order to adjust fastening force.Therefore, all be to make if constitute the member of connecting bolt by material with identical rates of thermal expansion, then make the gap between piston and the hollow hole keep certain, therefore pressure fluid can take place seldom leak out from hermetic unit.
The detailed structure of the general sealing material that adopts such as Fig. 2 are to shown in Figure 4.
In other words, in Fig. 2, locate around piston 17 tops, overlapping a plurality of seal rings 30 are housed, for fixing the superiors' seal ring, adopt the structure that forms ca(u)lk 31 on piston 17, implementation is to the sealing of the pressure fluid of delivering to 21 li of pressurization spaces.In addition, structure shown in Figure 3 is, in piston 17 and 15 filling graphite packings 32 of connecting bolt main body.This graphite packing 32 also can be the structure that compresses and seal pressurization space 21 inner faces after by the pressure conquassation.Structure shown in Figure 4 is, can respectively imbed in piston 17 and the connecting bolt main body 15 with the interior outer end of ring film seal ring 33, and formation is to the sealing of pressure fluid.Above structure all can adopt, and when using diaphragm seal circle 33, because the amplitude of allowing for the relative displacement of piston displacement is big, thereby is favourable.That a kind of occasion no matter, the installation number of plies of sealing material, charging quantity all is that the pressure range by the pressure fluid that uses decides its best to constitute.
As with relating to connecting bolt of the present invention, also can the short time adjust piston even equipment is on-stream.If creep fatigue then takes place on connecting bolt in machine such as steam turbine long-term running continuously under the condition of high temperature as previously mentioned, the fastening force of connecting bolt can weaken gradually, so be necessary to take suitably to cool off method such as joining portion.
In this case, for example as shown in Figure 5, inject Low Temperature Steam from the heat medium flow inlet 26 that is installed in connecting bolt main body 15 lower ends.Low Temperature Steam one side revolution around piston 17 of injecting, temperature regulation space 25 in, rise on one side, connecting bolt main body 15 is begun to cool down from inner face after, from heat medium flow outlet 27 outflows.The connecting bolt main body 15 that is cooled increases fastening force owing to shrinking vertically and drawing tightening nut 13.
Because the operation of a machine condition changes on a large scale, for the heat medium temperature that temperature regulation is used is adjusted in many ways, if adopt thermal medium mixer 35 shown in Figure 6, then adjusting service speed can be faster.Just, for example high-temperature steam and Low Temperature Steam as thermal medium are imported thermal medium mixer 35 by modulating valve 36,37 respectively, just can send into the thermal medium of optimum temperature aptly.In a word, by regulating the valve opening of modulating valve 36,37, the thermal medium through quantitatively mixing and being adjusted to set point of temperature is sent into a mouthful inflow temperature regulation space 25 through supplying pipe 38 from thermal medium, with 15 coolings of connecting bolt main body or heating, thereby increase or reduce fastening force.
For example, even take place in the running of steam turbine under the situation of steam leakage, as long as the thermal medium of cooling usefulness is sent in the temperature regulation space of connecting bolt, fastening force just can increase at once, prevents to leak.Its reason is, in Figure 11 and cooling always shown in Figure 12, in the intensification structure, when existing shortcoming to be the cooling connecting bolt, be connected part and also be cooled together, temperature difference therefore occurs and be difficult for forming, difficulty just takes place in the increase and decrease fastening force, yet, if use connecting bolt of the present invention, then to cool off object and only relate to the connecting bolt main body, its thermal capacity is little, and the travelling speed of heat is fast, therefore can make the fastening force increase and decrease at short notice.
In order in the shorter time, to carry out the temperature regulation of connecting bolt main body, also can at the outer surface of connecting bolt main body 15, cover as shown in Figure 7 as thermal-protective materials such as pottery 39, reduction is from the influence of outside heat.That is to say that if the exchange of the heat that comes from bolt hole 20 inner faces is only limited in the connecting bolt main body 15, and reduce from connecting bolt the influence of the heat that is, temperature regulation can be faster so.
Effect of the present invention is as follows.As described above, relate to connecting bolt of the present invention if adopt, this bolt is because be equipped with making the connecting bolt main body adjust the mechanism of connecting bolt body temperature in specified value in the mechanism of axially freely extending with importing thermal medium in the pressure fluid importing connecting bolt main body, sending into pressure fluid under set point of temperature extends connecting bolt, just can adjust to specified tightening force as long as tighten tightening nut lightly in this state, so compare with mode always, can shorten the required time of fastening operation and bolt loading and unloading operation significantly.The result is can shorten the time that machine is made regular check on significantly, for the raising Housing Starts is made bigger contribution.
And, as accept to use the adjusting method that relates to connecting bolt fastening force of the present invention, also can simply and promptly change the fastening force of adjusting connecting bolt during then not only in the assembling that is connected part or when decomposing but also in daily running, and can increase substantially corresponding to the tracking of using the variation of machine run condition and reply performance according to the frequent change of operating condition.
Also have, as use method of the present invention, the management project when adjusting operation in order to obtain specified tightening force is the pressure of pressure fluid, just can once determine corresponding fastening force as long as read manometric index.Thereby can reduce and resemble over that those drive numerous and diverse operation of complicated measuring instrument, rare because operator's technology, the adjusted value aspect error that the experience difference causes, thus the adjustment that can realize the high credible fastening force of highi degree of accuracy is set.
The simple declaration of drawing:
Fig. 1 relates to an embodiment's of connecting bolt of the present invention longitudinal section.Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 relate to the connecting bolt part amplification profile of the present invention of the seal ring that uses separately as sealing material, graphite packing, diaphragm seal pad.Fig. 5 is the sectional drawing with the temperature adjustment operation of the inventive method explanation connecting bolt.The explanatory drawing of the formation when Fig. 6 represents to send into steam as thermal medium.Fig. 7 represents the dottle pin material is covered the sectional drawing of the outer surface state of connecting bolt.Fig. 8 represents the sectional drawing of general steam turbine structure.Fig. 9 represents the sectional drawing of the attachment portion of steam turbine shell.Figure 10 is the time dependent chart of compressive stres of expression connecting bolt.Figure 11 is the planimetric map of representing connecting bolt always and adjusting the mechanism of its environment temperature.Figure 12 is that XII-XII of Figure 11 is to pseudosection.
1,1a, the 1b-external casing, 2,2a, the 2b-inner shell, 3-turbine blade, 4-rotor, the 5-vapor inlet port, 6-connecting tube, 7-ring nozzle case, the 8-nozzle, 9-nozzle blade, 10-gland packing, 11-high-pressure turbine exit portion, 12-connecting bolt, 13,13a, the 13b-tightening nut, the 14-flange portion, 15-connecting bolt main body, 16-hollow hole, the 17-piston, 18-sealing material, 19-mouth of pipe plug, the 20-bolt hole, 21-pressurization space, 22-pressure fluid transfer pump, the 23-flexible pipe, 24-hose coupling, 25-temperature regulation space, 26-heat medium flow inlet, the outlet of 27-heat medium flow, 28, the 29-connectivity slot, the 30-seal ring, 31-ca(u)lk part, 32-graphite packing, 33-diaphragm seal pad, 34-steam feeding tube, 35-thermal medium mixer, 36, the 37-modulating valve, the 38-supplying pipe, 39-thermal-protective material, L
0The length of-hollow hole, L
1The length of-piston, the height of H-tightening nut, the external diameter of D-connecting bolt, d
1The external diameter of-piston, d
2-hollow hole internal diameter.
Claims (11)
1, a kind of adjusting method of connecting bolt fastening force, it is characterized in that the connecting bolt body shaft is to the mesopore sky is set, in hollow hole, install one than shorter slightly the piston of hollow hole, the sealing material that is equipped with between piston and hole wall makes mesopore be divided into pressurization space and temperature regulation space, after thermal medium is sent in above-mentioned temperature regulation space, connecting bolt is adjusted to the temperature of regulation, calculate the elongation that fastening force is done to take place on the time spent connecting bolt in the afore mentioned rules temperature, sending into the pressure fluid that can bring this elongation to above-mentioned pressurization space simultaneously extends connecting bolt, under this extension state, tighten tightening nut till being adjacent to the connection material, emit pressure fluid then, connecting bolt is shunk, the fastening force of connecting bolt is set on the specified value.
2, adjusting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that above-mentioned pressure fluid is press water or pressure oil.
3, adjusting method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that above-mentioned thermal medium can use steam.
4, adjusting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that and can feed low-temperature heat medium to the temperature regulation space that the connecting bolt that fastening force is weakened shrinks vertically, increases fastening force.
5, adjusting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that using the thermal medium mixer that the fluid that feeds the temperature regulation space is carried out temperature regulation.
6, the connecting bolt of respective design in order to use above-mentioned adjusting method, it is characterized in that being opened in and be equipped with in the axial mesopore sky of connecting bolt itself than shorter slightly the piston of hollow hole, piston lower end and hollow hole bottom contiguous, seal the opening end of above-mentioned hollow hole with mouth of pipe plug, the sealing material that is equipped with between piston and hole wall makes hollow hole be divided into pressurization space and temperature regulation space, wherein pressurization space forms in the connecting bolt corresponding to mouth of pipe plug, the temperature regulation space forms at the other end of piston, on bolt bottom, have the gateway (26 that imports thermal medium to the temperature regulation space in addition corresponding to mouth of pipe plug, 27), and on corresponding piston bottom, have two grooves and make it be communicated with gateway (26,27) with the temperature regulation space.
7, connecting bolt according to claim 6 is characterized in that the volume in order to make pressurization space is as far as possible little, said sealing material is contained in the outside, end of the pressurization space side of piston.
8, connecting bolt according to claim 6 is characterized in that described sealing can be made of seal ring, graphite packing or diaphragm seal pad.
9, connecting bolt according to claim 6 is characterized in that mouth of pipe plug welds, is fixed on the opening end of hollow hole with electron beam.
10, connecting bolt according to claim 6 is characterized in that the bolt outer surface between bolt body and the link can be covered by thermal-protective material.
11, connecting bolt according to claim 6 is characterized in that pressurization space is arranged in the respective bolt part that is equipped with nut.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN87106713.7A CN1003728B (en) | 1987-09-30 | 1987-09-30 | Quick-connecting bolt and adjusting method of its fastening force |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP233989/86 | 1986-10-01 | ||
| CN87106713.7A CN1003728B (en) | 1987-09-30 | 1987-09-30 | Quick-connecting bolt and adjusting method of its fastening force |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN87106713A CN87106713A (en) | 1988-04-13 |
| CN1003728B true CN1003728B (en) | 1989-03-29 |
Family
ID=4815809
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN87106713.7A Expired CN1003728B (en) | 1987-09-30 | 1987-09-30 | Quick-connecting bolt and adjusting method of its fastening force |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1003728B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2824287B1 (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2020-05-13 | Ansaldo Energia IP UK Limited | Pressure casing of a turbomachine |
| CN105650095A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2016-06-08 | 遵义遵宏螺杆厂 | Pre-tightening bolt assembly |
| ES2574329B1 (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2017-06-13 | 20 Emma 20 S.L. | Sealing cap for closing holes in walls and the like |
| CN114700681A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-07-05 | 西安交通大学 | Convection heating device for hot tightening of split bolt in cylinder and use method thereof |
-
1987
- 1987-09-30 CN CN87106713.7A patent/CN1003728B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN87106713A (en) | 1988-04-13 |
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