CN100372223C - Thermoelectric perpetual motion machine - Google Patents
Thermoelectric perpetual motion machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100372223C CN100372223C CNB01127719XA CN01127719A CN100372223C CN 100372223 C CN100372223 C CN 100372223C CN B01127719X A CNB01127719X A CN B01127719XA CN 01127719 A CN01127719 A CN 01127719A CN 100372223 C CN100372223 C CN 100372223C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- combustion chamber
- thermoelectric
- perpetual motion
- thermocouple
- motion machine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Abstract
The present invention relates to a thermoelectric machine which mainly comprises a combustion chamber, a cold source device, a current regulator, an electronic controller and a high-pressure igniter, wherein thermocouples are arranged in the combustion chamber. The thermocouples arranged in the combustion chamber are connected into a large-scale thermoelectric conversion network structure, and a leading-out wire of the network forms electric connection with the current regulator after passing through the cold source device. The electronic controller respectively forms signal connection with the current regulator and input control signals, and forms electric connection with the high-pressure igniter. The high-pressure igniter forms electric connection with the combustion chamber. The thermoelectric machine is used as a power machine, and can achieve the performance indexes of high specific energy, high specific power, high efficiency, low pollution, etc. Moreover, the thermoelectric machine can not cause the problems of vibration, noise, etc.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of thermoelectric perpetual motion machine, refer in particular to and adopt thermoelectric conversion element and mechano-electronic control system, the heat energy that fuel combustion can be produced directly be converted to electric energy, and this transfer process can control, finally the electromechanical assembly by the motor outputting power.
The energy is the source of civilization.Heat energy is since the dawn of human civilization, and the mankind are one of the most widely used large-scale energy form.At present the mode of utilizing to heat energy has a lot, and the hot merit conversion mainly is by the hot machine according to various thermodynamic cycle principles manufacturings, and the chemical energy of fuel is converted to mechanical energy.
Internal combustion engine is most typical hot machine, form by complicated mechanical devices such as toggle, valve actuating mechanism, ignition system, cooling systems, by air inlet, compression, expansion, four strokes of exhaust, the thermal power transfer that produces when gasoline (diesel oil) is burnt is a mechanical energy.Internal combustion engine development more than 100 year, obtained widely using as vehicular propulsion, its technical performance is constantly improved and is improved.But the shortcoming that it is intrinsic, as: problems such as vibration the when heat efficiency low (about 35%), exhaust pollution, complex structure, work and noise can't obtain the solution of essence so far.For this reason, the electric automobile of modern exploitation has adopted chemical cell or fuel cell as main energy sources.
Battery can be converted to electric energy with chemical energy, automobile-used high density chemistry battery has higher " specific power " index, major defect is that life-span that costs an arm and a leg is low, and once the distance travelled after the charging has been compared a certain distance with the oil-burning internal combustion engine automobile, and promptly " specific energy " index is low.
The theoretical efficiency of fuel cell can reach 80-90%, and still, the temperature of self is spent several Baidu even 1000 more during owing to work, and the generation of partial heat energy and loss are inevitable.Simultaneously, the fuel cell structure complexity exists various current potentials and side reaction, and its actual service efficiency is about 55%.Be that what of onboard fuel are the distance travelled of the electric motor car of power depend on the fuel cell, as long as an amount of fuel is arranged, electric motor car can have the distance travelled suitable with fuel-engined vehicle, and promptly fuel cell has higher " specific energy " index.But because the restriction of chemical reaction velocity, vehicle is in climbing or overtake other vehicles when needing high discharge rate, and fuel cell is difficult to meet the demands, and promptly " specific power " index is low.These situation explanations, before battery technology achieves no breakthrough, the use of electric motor car will be subjected to the restriction of battery performance.
The mode of thermoelectric conversion mainly contains: conversion, the heat energy-electric energy of heat energy-mechanical energy-electric energy are directly changed.The former conversion need be with hot machine as intermediate link, and the latter directly is converted to electric energy according to thermoelectric effect with heat energy.Thermoelectric effect is a kind of physical phenomenon: in the closed-loop path that two kinds of conductors (or semiconductor) are formed, when two end points are in different state of temperatures, will produce thermocurrent in the loop, its thermoelectric potential is only relevant with the temperature of two contacts.Thermocouple is a kind of good thermoelectric conversion element, and its basic structure is very simple, is that the thermode by two kinds of different materials is welded.The thermocouple of different combinations of materials has different thermoelectric potential characteristics, is applicable to different temperature environments.Up to now, the modern industry thermocouple is mainly used in temperature survey, and the scope of application has covered-273 ℃-2500 ℃ temperature field.
Since thermoelectric effect is found, many examples that thermocouple is used as power supply had been arranged also, it is the stable state thermoelectric cell of conversion element that the modern times also have with the thermocouple.But because the thermoelectric potential of thermocouple has only the millivolt level, the efficient of thermoelectric conversion is low, does not still have extensive high strength ground and uses as power supply, especially uses as vehicle-mounted dynamic power supplies.
For this reason, the objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of novel hot machine--thermoelectric perpetual motion machine is provided.As a kind of dynamic power machine, thermoelectric perpetual motion machine can reach performance index such as high-energy-density, high-specific-power, high efficiency, low pollution, can not produce problems such as vibration and hot-tempered sound again.
In mainly comprising, establishes thermoelectric perpetual motion machine of the present invention combustion chamber, low-temperature receiver device, current regulator, electronic controller, the isolating high-pressure ignitor of thermocouple.The thermocouple that is provided with in the combustion chamber connects into the structure of extensive thermoelectric switching network, is electrically connected with current regulator behind the lead-out wire process low-temperature receiver device of network; Electronic controller adopts signal to be connected, to be electrically connected with isolating high-pressure ignitor with current regulator, input control signal respectively, and isolating high-pressure ignitor is electrically connected with the combustion chamber; The three-phase alternating current of current regulator output is for the alternating current motor power output.If adopt DC motor as power source, can cancel current regulator.
Lagging casing is adopted in described combustion chamber, and inside is separated into the zone of several high temperature, middle temperature, low temperature with dividing plate; Be fixed with the thermoelectric conversion element that is applicable to different temperatures on the dividing plate; Fuel nozzle and high-field electrode are set in the combustion chamber, and thermoelectric conversion element adopts thermocouple.
Thermocouple in the combustion chamber can connect with various forms as required, for example with serial or parallel connection or connection in series-parallel combination, form large-scale thermocouple network, in order at high temperature stably to work, thermocouple should be selected the material that is fit to the long term high temperature condition for use, and network and lead-out wire thereof must be encapsulated in resistant to elevated temperatures anti-oxidation, the etch-proof coating closely.
Described low-temperature receiver device can be to be furnished with the device that fan etc. has cooling effect.
Described current regulator can be existing direct current to be converted to the device of alternating current, comprises that wiring merges circuit and inverter.
Described electronic controller is the circuit of a single-chip microprocessor system and control thereof, or other electronic control systems such as computer, industrial computer.
Described isolating high-pressure ignitor can be ignition coil and the spark plug that gasoline engine adopts.
In order to make full use of output current, can between electronic controller and current regulator, be connected storage battery, when needed the access electric current.
Technique scheme further improved be: the combustion chamber is one or two or more, to satisfy the needs of characteristics of output power.
To further improvement of technique scheme be: the combustion chamber can be divided into one-level or secondary or multistage inner chamber, and its structure is basic identical, makes full use of the variations in temperature of hot-fluid.
To further improvement of technique scheme be: one or two or more thermals source can be set in the combustion chamber.
To further improvement of technique scheme be:, can be that metal material or nonmetallic materials are made as the thermocouple of thermoelectric conversion element.In order to utilize the temperature difference at different levels in the high temperature gas flow course of work, the connection network of thermocouple can be the thermoelectric switching network group that multilayer, multistage extensive dot matrix connect.
To further improvement of technique scheme be: fuel can be liquid fuel or fuel gas.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
(1) improved the combustion mode of thermal source, improved burning condition, thermoelectric conversion is carried out in a continuous manner, has improved the heat efficiency;
(2) employing combustion chamber and multilayer, multistage extensive thermocouple network group's structure has made full use of the temperature difference at different levels in the high-temperature heat flux course of work, and the heat energy that fuel combustion is produced directly is converted to electric energy to greatest extent, has improved the utilance of heat energy;
(3) adopt machinery and electronic installation to form second control system, carry out motor speed adjusting and, have good serviceability and specific power index the adjusting of combustion conditions.
(4) the specific energy index depends on the quantity that disposes fuel;
(5) compact overall structure does not have complicated motion, does not need to lubricate, seal, and has solved problems such as vibrating noise;
(6) can use the pluralities of fuel of liquid state or gaseous state, have good and economic and low contamination index, when using hydrogen or low calorie fuels, the exhaust pollution problem will obtain basic solution.
By above technical scheme as can be known, the present invention is basic principle with the thermoelectric effect.Its thermal source is the high-temperature heat flux in the combustion chamber, and low-temperature receiver is an ambient air, and thermoelectric conversion regime is: obtain heat energy from the burning of fuel, thermocouple directly is converted to electric energy with heat energy, the drive motor power output.
Fig. 1 is a thermoelectric perpetual motion machine block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is embodiments of the invention---the block diagram of automobile-used thermoelectric perpetual motion machine;
Fig. 3 is the chamber structure schematic diagram among Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the low-temperature receiver apparatus structure schematic diagram among Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 is the circuit theory diagrams of electronic controller among Fig. 2.
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, thermoelectric perpetual motion machine of the present invention is made of interior combustion chamber 1, low-temperature receiver device 2, current regulator 3, electronic controller 4, the isolating high-pressure ignitor 5 of establishing thermocouple; Fuel is connected with combustion chamber 1 pipeline with air, the lead-out wire of the thermocouple that combustion chamber 1 is built-in is electrically connected with current regulator 3 through low-temperature receiver device 2 backs, electronic controller 4 adopts signal to be connected, to be electrically connected with isolating high-pressure ignitor 5 with the control signal of current regulator 3, input respectively, isolating high-pressure ignitor 5 is electrically connected with combustion chamber 1, and current regulator 3 is electrically connected with alternating current motor M.
The effect that constitutes each parts of apparatus of the present invention is: burn required air and fuel gas mix after nozzle enters combustion chamber 1.Electronic controller 4 makes isolating high-pressure ignitor 5 output high-tension currents according to control signal, lights combustion mixture through high-field electrode.The high temperature gas flow that burning produces contacts with each thermocouple in the combustion chamber, and thermocouple produces the temperature difference heat electromotive force, and extensive thermocouple network compiles the thermoelectric potential that each thermocouple produces, and forms direct current through low-temperature receiver device 2.Another effect of electronic controller 4 is the quantity delivered of fuel metering and the rotating speed of motor.
Figure 2 shows that the embodiment of an automobile-used thermoelectric perpetual motion machine.On the basis of Fig. 1, be connected starting switch 7 being arranged and drive pedal 6 on the electronic controller 4.The former connects low tension battery and powers to DC circuit, and the latter imports driver's control signal.The output current of electronic controller leads to controlled members such as isolating high-pressure ignitor 5, electromagnetic switch valve 8 respectively, has formed an electronic control system.
Controllable electromagnetic switch valve 8 is installed in the input channel of fuel, is used for signal, regulate the fuel feed of combustion chamber according to electronic controller 4; The 10th, fuel tank, the fuel of storing liquid or gaseous state, the 11st, air filter, the impurity in the filtered air.
Be provided with multilayer, multistage thermocouple network in the combustion chamber 1, the lead-out wire of thermocouple networks at different levels constitutes loops through low-temperature receiver device 2 and current regulator 3.The three-phase alternating current of current regulator 3 outputs uses for alternating current motor, and powered vehicle is travelled.
As shown in Figure 3, combustion chamber 1 mainly is made of fuel nozzle 1-1, base 1-2, dividing plate 1-3, thermocouple network 1-8, thermocouple 1-9, lagging casing 1-10, high-field electrode 1-11, and blast pipe is arranged at the top.In order to reduce heat energy loss, the cylindrical shape lagging casing 1-10 that split has been adopted in the combustion chamber makes with heat-resisting multilayer materials, connects with bolt between each layer shell, is convenient to installation and removal.Dividing plate 1-3 is separated into high-temperature area 1-4, middle temperature area 1-5 and low-temperature region 1-6 with inside, combustion chamber.Thermocouple network 1-8 at different levels are fixed on each layer dividing plate, and dividing plate also has passage 1-7 along circumference, and thermal current is passed through, and enter the next stage zone by the upper level zone of combustion chamber.Combustion mixture sprays into the combustion chamber by nozzle 1-1, through high-field electrode 1-11 igniting after-combustion, forms thermal-flame.
Thermocouples at different levels adopt different counter-electrodes materials, connect into the thermocouple group of networks, and the heat energy that makes combustion-gas flow can both be converted to electric current to greatest extent when high temperature, middle temperature, low-temperature condition.When air-flow finally when blast pipe is discharged, its temperature is near the temperature of ambient air.
As shown in Figure 4, the housing 2-3 of low-temperature receiver device 2 is designed to cylindrical shape, front end is provided with cooling fan 2-2, fan promotion atmosphere axially by low-temperature receiver, flows out from the rear end, and lead 2-1 is fixed in the housing 2-3, the atmosphere cooling of being flow through.According to the thermocouple mode of connection, each parallel-connected thermo couple network has 2 lead-out wires, and the thermocouple group of networks of series connection not only has 2 lead-out wires, also have several series connection nodes, all lead-out wires and series connection node all need to insert the low-temperature receiver device, the temperature difference of hot-fluid in increase and the combustion chamber, and the temperature of all leads is consistent.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 2 Fig. 5 is described, the electronic controller 4 of automobile-used thermoelectric perpetual motion machine is made of single chip microcomputer 8051, A/D conversion, D/A conversion chip, multi-voltage power supply assembly and the circuit controlled.Wherein SWITCH 7 represents starting switch 7, and electric current is from storage battery 9; The analog signal of driving pedal 6 at first is converted to digital signal by A/D, after single chip microcomputer is handled, is converted to analog signal through D/A again, and control is installed in the electromagnetic switch valve 8 on the fuel inlet pipe, reaches the purpose of fuel metering quantity delivered; When needs were lighted a fire, P26 sent signal, and control relay switches on or off 12 volts of low-voltage circuits, made isolating high-pressure ignitor 5 produce high-tension current, and combustion mixture is lighted in the high-field electrode arcing; During speed governing, single chip microcomputer will be driven the signal of pedal 6, compare with the feedback signal from motor M that INT1 receives, and handle back output 8 position digital signals and give current regulator 3, and rotating speed of motor is controlled.
The automobile-used thermoelectric perpetual motion machine course of work is as follows: during the thermoelectric perpetual motion machine starting, open starting switch 7, connect the DC power supply of electronic controller.The air that burns required filters through air filter 11, mixes after nozzle sprays into the combustion chamber with fuel gas.Electronic controller 4 is controlled by isolating high-pressure ignitor 5 to high-field electrode 1-11 output current, the combustion mixture that ignition combustion is indoor.The high temperature gas flow that burning produces is the high temperature heat source of thermoelectric perpetual motion machine, and hot-fluid passes each each grade of layer thermocouple network, carries out the thermoelectricity conversion with each thermocouple 1-9, and temperature reduces gradually.Thermocouple produces the temperature difference heat electromotive force, and extensive thermocouple network group compiles the thermoelectric potential that each thermocouple produces, through forming direct current behind the low-temperature receiver device.Current regulator is converted to alternating current for the alternating current motor powered vehicle with direct current.
During velocity variations that general vehicle travels, the driver need carry out speed governing to the rotating speed of engine by driving pedal, obtains the power output that needs under the cooperation of speed changer.The control mode of thermoelectric perpetual motion machine is similarly: the foot-operated pedal of driving of driver, send instruction, sensor is passed to electronic controller after driving the position and rate signal of pedal lifting, compare motor feedback signals by the latter, carry out the adjusting of electric machine speed regulation and electric power outputting current automatically.Electric machine speed regulation has the method for multiple maturation, repeats no more here.Thermoelectric perpetual motion machine is two aspects to the adjusting of electric power outputting current: (1) changes the ignition temperature of combustion chamber, and this realizes by changing the fuel input variable, the temperature height that the fuel of input burns at most, and the thermoelectric potential height that makes thermoelectric conversion, on the contrary then low; (2) change the quantity of the thermocouple work, this is that the quantity of the combustion chamber of working by change realizes that the quantity of the thermocouple of working is many, overall thermal electromotive force height, on the contrary the overall thermal electromotive force reduces.The comprehensively effect of the two, thermoelectric perpetual motion machine will have the special energy of good use.
Claims (10)
1. a thermoelectric perpetual motion machine is characterized in that mainly comprising combustion chamber, low-temperature receiver device, current regulator, electronic controller, isolating high-pressure ignitor; The thermocouple that is provided with in the combustion chamber connects into the structure of extensive thermoelectric switching network, is electrically connected with current regulator behind the lead-out wire process low-temperature receiver device of network; Electronic controller adopts signal to be connected, to be electrically connected with isolating high-pressure ignitor with current regulator, input control signal respectively, and isolating high-pressure ignitor is electrically connected with the combustion chamber, and the three-phase alternating current of current regulator output is for the alternating current motor power output.
2. thermoelectric perpetual motion machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that described combustion chamber employing lagging casing, and inside is separated into the zone of several high temperature, middle temperature, low temperature with dividing plate; Be fixed with the thermocouple that is applicable to different temperatures on the dividing plate; Fuel nozzle and high-field electrode are set in the combustion chamber.
3. thermoelectric perpetual motion machine according to claim 2 is characterized in that thermocouple in the combustion chamber with serial or parallel connection or connection in series-parallel combination, forms large-scale thermocouple network, and network and lead-out wire thereof are encapsulated in resistant to elevated temperatures anti-oxidation, the etch-proof coating.
4. thermoelectric perpetual motion machine according to claim 3 is characterized in that thermocouple can be that metal material or nonmetallic materials are made.
5. thermoelectric perpetual motion machine according to claim 3, the connection network that it is characterized in that thermocouple can be the thermoelectric switching network groups that multilayer, multistage extensive dot matrix connect.
6. thermoelectric perpetual motion machine according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described low-temperature receiver device can be a device of being furnished with fan.
7. thermoelectric perpetual motion machine according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described electronic controller is the circuit of a single-chip microprocessor system and control thereof.
8. thermoelectric perpetual motion machine according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the combustion chamber is one or two or more.
9. thermoelectric perpetual motion machine according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the combustion chamber can be divided into one-level or secondary or multistage inner chamber.
10. thermoelectric perpetual motion machine according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that can being provided with in the combustion chamber one or two or more thermals source.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB01127719XA CN100372223C (en) | 2001-08-09 | 2001-08-09 | Thermoelectric perpetual motion machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB01127719XA CN100372223C (en) | 2001-08-09 | 2001-08-09 | Thermoelectric perpetual motion machine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1334641A CN1334641A (en) | 2002-02-06 |
| CN100372223C true CN100372223C (en) | 2008-02-27 |
Family
ID=4667639
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB01127719XA Expired - Fee Related CN100372223C (en) | 2001-08-09 | 2001-08-09 | Thermoelectric perpetual motion machine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100372223C (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59147907A (en) * | 1983-02-14 | 1984-08-24 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Feedwater heating system of steam turbine plant |
| JPH02238104A (en) * | 1989-03-09 | 1990-09-20 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Steam turbine type power generation plant |
| JPH02264101A (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1990-10-26 | Toshiba Corp | Combined cycle power plant |
| JPH04280484A (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1992-10-06 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Solid electrolytic type fuel cell |
| JPH09275692A (en) * | 1996-04-04 | 1997-10-21 | Hiroshi Ko | Thermal power generation system |
| CN1272902A (en) * | 1998-05-14 | 2000-11-08 | Yyl株式会社 | Power generating plant |
-
2001
- 2001-08-09 CN CNB01127719XA patent/CN100372223C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59147907A (en) * | 1983-02-14 | 1984-08-24 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Feedwater heating system of steam turbine plant |
| JPH02238104A (en) * | 1989-03-09 | 1990-09-20 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Steam turbine type power generation plant |
| JPH02264101A (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1990-10-26 | Toshiba Corp | Combined cycle power plant |
| JPH04280484A (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1992-10-06 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Solid electrolytic type fuel cell |
| JPH09275692A (en) * | 1996-04-04 | 1997-10-21 | Hiroshi Ko | Thermal power generation system |
| CN1272902A (en) * | 1998-05-14 | 2000-11-08 | Yyl株式会社 | Power generating plant |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1334641A (en) | 2002-02-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101795011B (en) | Weakly mixing power system for thermoelectrically generating electricity based on engine waste heat | |
| US6651760B2 (en) | Thermionic automobile | |
| US6986247B1 (en) | Thermoelectric catalytic power generator with preheat | |
| EP2282357B1 (en) | Thermoelectric power generator for variable thermal power source | |
| GB2384728B (en) | System for controlling particulate filter temperature | |
| EP1030394A2 (en) | Power generation system using a solid oxide fuel cell and method | |
| CN103939895A (en) | Fuel supply-vaporization-pressure regulation-full premixed combustion system, thermoelectric power generation device with same and method for thermoelectric power generation | |
| CN102725948B (en) | Power control unit and control method for power control unit | |
| US5301502A (en) | After-burner system | |
| CN105697198B (en) | Alcohol-hydrogen-electric mixed dynamic system | |
| KR20020002418A (en) | Heating system | |
| CN100372223C (en) | Thermoelectric perpetual motion machine | |
| CN103231661A (en) | Electric vehicle driven by Stirling engine | |
| CN114165330A (en) | Internal combustion engine power generation driving zero-carbon vehicle based on ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel and control method | |
| CN101521403B (en) | Electric power device of vehicle | |
| CN201756054U (en) | Manned vehicle hybrid-electric system | |
| RU2328612C1 (en) | Controlled combustion hybrid engine | |
| GB2397539B (en) | System for controlling particulate filter temperature | |
| CN1414694A (en) | Device for directly implementing heat electricity conversion based on fuel combustion | |
| CN2326741Y (en) | High-energy electronic ignitor of automobile engine for use in cold day | |
| CN1655424A (en) | System for generation and distribution of energy on board motor vehicles | |
| Gajabe et al. | A review on utilization of waste heat from automobile based on thermoelectric generator | |
| CN100542844C (en) | The thermoelectric hybrid electric propulsion system that strengthens | |
| CN2522757Y (en) | Thermoelectric conversion heat-insulation combustor | |
| CN2723715Y (en) | Cold starter for engine |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |