CN100369826C - Poly metal cluster water purifying material and its preparing method and use - Google Patents
Poly metal cluster water purifying material and its preparing method and use Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a poly metal cluster water purifying material, and a processing method and an application thereof. The water purifying material is made of 50 to 99 wt parts of porous material and 1 to 50 wt parts of two or more kinds of Ag, Cu, Zn and RE; in the processing method, a metal source is selected; the metal is added into the porous material, or the metal source is combined into a water solution which is added into the porous material, and a combined body is formed; (3), the combined body is added with a reducing agent after calcination; raw water needing to be purified flows through the water purifying material or the powdery water purifying material is added into the raw water needing to be purified, the water purifying material and the raw water are uniformly mixed, and clarified water is obtained after still placement. The present invention is used for the field of water purification and can remove soluble heavy metal ion, micro organic pollutants, residual chlorine, and disinfection by-products in water efficiently and quickly; the present invention has the advantages of large specific surface area, high activity, high uniformity, high purifying speed, good purifying effect and high flow speed of filtration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of water-purifying material, particularly a kind of novel nano poly metal cluster water purifying material.
The invention still further relates to the preparation method and the application of described water-purifying material.
Background technology
Along with the development and the growth in the living standard of society, people are more and more higher to the requirement of quality of life.The tap water of clean and safe can not be ignored the influence of people's quality of life.Water is the main carrier of all kinds of pathogen transmissions, and 80% of the human disease that takes a disease is polluted relevant with water.The tap water that obtains clean safety has become worldwide subject under discussion.All there is pollution in various degree in the underground water of surface water such as and on the other hand, the pollution of water but is on the rise, rivers and lakes and some areas, and the water shortage problem of water quality has caused people's extensive concern.
It mainly is the tap water that water-supply systems provide that the city common people obtain Drinking Water, though at the beginning of it flows out water factory, must meet national drinking water standard through the tap water that water factory handles, but because tap water is being carried, pressurization, water pipe in the processes such as storage, the corrosion of equipment, the pollution of bacterium makes tap water have serious secondary pollution, what the resident of most high residential buildings drank in the city especially now all is water reservoir water, the secondary pollution problem of tap water more can not be ignored, bacterium index in the tap water, the solids content index has all exceeded national drinking water standard, and the sterilant that adds for sterilization makes the chlorine residue in the water will reach certain concentration.The existence of these chlorine residue can make halohydrocarbon such as containing chloroform, tetracol phenixin in the water, and the existence that research has proved halogenated hydrocarbon disinfection byproduct (DBP) such as chloroform, tetracol phenixin has hazardness such as carcinogenic, teratogenesis to human body.
Is the area at water source with some with underground water, well water, rainwater etc. for rural area and side area, hazardous material in the water is except having above-mentioned bacterium, microorganism, algae, dust, the harm that may also can exist water-soluble concentration of heavy metal ion to exceed standard, China is high arsenic water, high plumbous, Gao Gongshui with regard to the water source that many places are arranged, research has shown that the absorption of heavy metal ion such as lead, arsenic, chromium, cadmium, mercury in the water will cause serious harm to each internal organs of human body, in order to obtain the tap water of clean and safe, the suitable water purification technology and the use of water-purifying material are necessary.
Principal pollutant in the tap water have soluble heavy metal ions, arsonium ion, micro quantity organic pollutant, disinfection byproduct (DBP), nitrate, nitrite and pathogenic bacteria, virus and pathogenic micro-organism etc., and the water-purifying material that is widely adopted at present mainly contains gac, molecular sieve and KDF etc.
Gac aspect drink water purifying in occupation of important status, because gac has flourishing pore texture, huge specific surface area and superpower adsorptive power, adsorption selectivity are good, make gac become a kind of good sorbent material, be widely used in the purifying treatment of tap water.Gac can be removed free chlorine and look, stink, agricultural chemicals, sterilant, washing composition, aromatics, the disinfection byproduct (DBP) organic pollutants such as (DBPs) in the planar water effectively in the water effectively, its weak point is that the large amount of organic of the top layer absorption of gac becomes vegetative hotbed, cause the water outlet bacteria content to exceed standard easily, the problem that has short and bacteria breed in work-ing life, and gac is bad to the removal effect of heavy metal ion in the water.
KDF (Kinetic Degradation Flux) is the alloy of being made by high-purity copper and zinc, is the more excellent water-purifying material of performance that developed recently gets up.It can effectively remove the chlorine residue in the water, the heavy metal ion of solubility and nitrate, fluorochemical, carbonate and vitriol etc., and the accumulation of bacterium in the control water and algae grows breeding and prevention hard scale etc., thus tap water is purified.Dissimilar bacteriums can only survive in specific redox potential scope, can cause the impact type variation of redox potential to make bacterium be difficult to survival during the KDF water purification, can effectively kill the bacterium in the water, effectively prevents bacterial reproduction.Its weak point is that present KDF is simple copper and zinc alloy material, the area that contacts with water when carrying out water purification is very limited, so the KDF consumption is few and the water treatment effect during high flow rate is limited, and the high price of KDF has also limited its a large amount of uses.
The patent No. is that 99125595 patent of invention " filtering bodies that water purification is used and method for making thereof and application " discloses a kind of at least a particle with medical stone, gac, active coal, cooperate the stick compaction drying to form filtering layer, again the porous micropore ceramic filter element is arranged at the internal layer of filtering layer, with the effect that reaches removal of impurities, scrubbing, taste removal, removes look, deodorizing and activated water.The weak point of this invention is just the simple adhering and pressing of one or more particles of medical stone, gac, active coal is formed, water purifying principle is the adsorption to objectionable impurities in the water that utilizes medical stone, gac, active coal, existing becomes vegetative hotbed behind the filtering layer adsorb organic compound, causes the water outlet bacteria content to exceed standard, exist the problem of short and bacteria breed in work-ing life easily, and bad to the removal effect of heavy metal ion in the water.Chinese invention patent CN1544352A " nano water purifying material, the preparation method who removes heavy metal touch upon application ", disclosing a kind of is that weighting agent, nano material are filtering bodies with the macromolecular material, make stratiform circle, curling tubular and flaky water-purifying material, be used for removing the heavy metal that anhydrates.China invention " remove organic nano water purifying material, preparation method touch upon application ", the patent No. is CN 1544343A, disclosing a kind of is that weighting agent, nano material are filtering bodies with the macromolecular material, make stratiform circle, curling tubular and flaky water-purifying material, be used for removing the organism that anhydrates.Send out China's invention " nano water purifying material, the preparation method who removes virus and bacterium touch upon application ", the patent No. is CN 1544342A, disclosing a kind of is that weighting agent, nano material are filtering bodies with the macromolecular material, make stratiform circle, curling tubular and flaky water-purifying material, be used for removing the virus and the bacterium of anhydrating.The weak point of foregoing invention is that all being is weighting agent with the macromolecular material, and poor at the medium-term and long-term stability in use of water, purifying water effect can be influenced.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of novel nano poly metal cluster water purifying material is provided.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of described water-purifying material.
The water purification that the present invention also aims to described material is used.
Novel nano poly metal cluster water purifying material disclosed by the invention is made by two or more the metal in the silver of the porous material of 50～99 parts of weight and 1～50 part of weight, copper, zinc, the rare earth.
Described porous material is a kind of or more than one mixtures in porous silica, atlapulgite, porous alumina, molecular sieve, natural zeolite, gac, the diatomite.
The preparation method of poly metal cluster water purifying material of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) two kinds in selection copper, zinc, silver, the rare earth compound or two or more mixture are source metal;
(2) source metal is joined in the porous material, controlled temperature is 100 ℃～800 ℃, make in the source metal metal ion exchanged or be diffused on the porous material, perhaps, after source metal is configured to the aqueous solution, it is joined in the porous material, controlled temperature is 20 ℃～100 ℃, make in the source metal metal ion exchanged or load on the porous material, form combination;
(3) above-mentioned combination after 1～4 hour, is fed the reductive agent reduction 250 ℃～800 ℃ following roastings, make water-purifying material of the present invention.
In the step (1), described copper compound is the organic or inorganic mantoquita, and described zn cpds is the organic or inorganic zinc salt, and described silver compound is inorganic silver salt, and described rare earth compound is a rare earth compound.
Described organic or inorganic mantoquita is a kind of or more than one mixtures in copper sulfate, cupric nitrate, venus crystals, cupric chloride, the copper carbonate, and described organic or inorganic zinc salt is a kind of or more than one mixtures in zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, zinc acetate, zinc chloride, the zinc carbonate.
In the step (1), the consumption weight ratio in the source metal between each component is:
Silver source 1～10
Zinc source 100～1000
Copper source 100～1000
Rare earth source 1～5
In the step (3), reductive agent is the mixture of carbon monoxide, ethylene glycol, hydrogen, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide and hydrogen or the mixture of ethylene glycol and formaldehyde, and corresponding reduction temperature is followed successively by 250 ℃～800 ℃, 20 ℃～100 ℃, 250 ℃～800 ℃, 20 ℃, 250 ℃～800 ℃, 20 ℃～100 ℃.
The process for purifying water of novel nano poly metal cluster water purifying material of the present invention, be that the former water that needs purify is flow through described water-purifying material, former water is when flowing through this water-purifying material, contained soluble heavy metal ions, arsonium ion, micro quantity organic pollutant, chlorine residue, disinfection byproduct (DBP), nitrate are removed, the existence and the breeding of the pathogenic bacteria in the former water, virus and pathogenic micro-organism are suppressed, and realize water purification.
The process for purifying water of novel nano poly metal cluster water purifying material of the present invention, can also be that the powdery water-purifying material is added in the former water that needs to purify, mix, the primary water that leaves standstill after 1～10 minute is a water purification of having removed contained soluble heavy metal ions, arsonium ion, micro quantity organic pollutant, chlorine residue, disinfection byproduct (DBP), nitrate, pathogenic bacteria, virus and pathogenic micro-organism.
The consumption mass ratio of water-purifying material and tap water to be clean is 1～5: 10000.
The principle of described process for purifying water is in water treatment procedure, and equally distributed metallic element has formed the nano metal bunch microcosmic galvanic cell of distinctive different potentials difference, harmful heavy metal ion such as Pb in the water
2+, Hg
2+, Cr
6+, Cd
2+, As
5+, redox reaction takes place in nitrate, chlorine residue and organic impurity etc. on nano metal bunch microcosmic galvanic cell, water-soluble harmful heavy metal ion is reduced to water-fast heavy metal, thereby chlorine residue is oxidized to oxynitride such as chlorion, the oxidized decomposition of organic impurity, nitrate and is reduced the purpose that reaches water-soluble heavy metal ion, nitrate, chlorine residue and organic impurity in the removal water, and the variation of the micronormal that causes in the redox processes has effective sterilization and bacteriostatic action again.
Compared with prior art, polynary nanometer metal cluster water purifying material of the present invention has following advantage:
(1) has high-specific surface area, high reactivity, high uniformity.
(2) can remove micro quantity organic pollutant in the water, disinfection byproduct (DBP) efficiently, fast.
(3) to removing nitrate, chlorine residue and harmful heavy metal ion such as Pb in the water
2+, Hg
2+, Cr
6+, Cd
2+And As
5+
(4) have sterilization and bacteria resistance function, do not have the bacteria breed pollution problem of gac in water treatment procedure.
(5) can effectively reduce the concentration of fluorion in the water.
(6) purification speed is fast, good purification, the characteristics that filtration flow-rate is big.
(7) long service life.
Embodiment
Embodiment is an optimal way of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
With Silver Nitrate; venus crystals; zinc acetate is done silver-colored source; copper source and zinc source; Silver Nitrate is dissolved in the deionized water at room temperature; with venus crystals; zinc acetate is dissolved in 80 ℃ of deionized waters; after treating to dissolve fully; the material of main part granulated active carbon is added venus crystals; in the acetic acid zinc solution; add silver nitrate solution again; keeping solution temperature is 80 ℃; after the stirring at low speed 4 hours, the filtering residual solution, with load the material of main part granulated active carbon of object ion 120 ℃ of dryings 2 hours; again in 400 ℃ of roastings 2 hours; be behind the reductive agent reductase 12 hour, to clean it again with ethylene glycol, be drying to obtain copper zinc-silver poly metal cluster water purifying material with distilled water.
The quality amount ratio of above-mentioned materials is:
Venus crystals 2 zinc acetates 2
Silver Nitrate 0.2 granulated active carbon 200
Ethylene glycol 200 deionized waters 1000
But every kilogram of water-purifying material purified tap water amount is 500m
3, can be with chlorine residue in the water, nitrate, micro quantity organic pollutant, disinfection byproduct (DBP) and soluble heavy metal ions Pb
2+, Cr
6+, Cd
2+Remove Deng effectively, and can effectively suppress the breeding of bacterium.
Embodiment 2
Do copper source and zinc source with cupric nitrate, zinc nitrate, cupric nitrate, zinc nitrate are dissolved in 20 ℃ of deionized waters, after treating to dissolve fully, material of main part porous silica powder is added in the solution, and stirring at low speed is after 8 hours, the filtering residual solution, after the distilled water cleaning, with load the material of main part porous silica of object ion 120 ℃ of dryings 2 hours, 600 ℃ of roastings are after 2 hours, with H
2Be reductive agent,, make nanometer copper zinc poly metal cluster water purifying material 600 ℃ of reduction 1 hour.
The quality amount ratio of above-mentioned materials is:
Cupric nitrate 10 zinc nitrates 20
Porous silica powder 200 deionized waters 1000
But every kilogram of water-purifying material purified tap water amount is 10m
3, can be with chlorine residue in the water, soluble heavy metal ions Cd
2+, NO
3 +Deng effectively removing.
Embodiment 3
Do copper source and zinc source with copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate are dissolved in 60 ℃ of deionized waters, after treating to dissolve fully, the material of main part diatomite in powder is added in the solution, add water-soluble lanthanum nitrate again, keeping solution temperature is 60 ℃, after the stirring at low speed 2 hours, the filtering residual solution, after cleaning with distilled water, with load the material of main part diatomite in powder of object ion 120 ℃ of dryings 2 hours, 800 ℃ of roasting half an hour, be reductive agent again with CO at 450 ℃ of reductase 12s hour, make nano rare earth copper zinc poly metal cluster water purifying material.
The quality amount ratio of above-mentioned materials is:
Copper sulfate 30 zinc sulfate 30
Lanthanum nitrate 0.1 diatomite in powder 200
Deionized water 1000
But every kilogram of water-purifying material purified tap water amount is 10m
3, can be with chlorine residue in the water, nitrate, micro quantity organic pollutant, disinfection byproduct (DBP) and soluble heavy metal ions Pb
2+, Cr
6+Remove Deng effectively, part is removed F-in the water.
Embodiment 4
Do copper source and zinc source with copper carbonate, zinc carbonate, copper carbonate, carbonic acid zinc powder mixed in room temperature and material of main part 13X molecular sieve powder, 180 ℃ the heating 4 hours after, again with H
2For reductive agent at 380 ℃ of reductase 12s hour, make nanometer copper zinc poly metal cluster water purifying material.
The quality amount ratio of above-mentioned materials is:
Copper carbonate 30 zinc carbonates 30
13X molecular sieve powder 200
But every kilogram of water-purifying material purified tap water amount is 10m
3, can be with chlorine residue in the water, nitrate, micro quantity organic pollutant, disinfection byproduct (DBP) and soluble heavy metal ions Pb
2+, Cr
6+Deng effectively removing F
-
Embodiment 5
Make copper source, zinc source, Yin Yuan with cupric chloride, zinc chloride, Silver Nitrate, cupric chloride, zinc chloride, Silver Nitrate are dissolved in 100 ℃ of deionized waters, after treating to dissolve fully, material of main part 5A sieve particle is added in the solution, and keeping solution temperature is 95 ℃, and stirring at low speed is after 4 hours, the filtering residual solution, after cleaning with distilled water, with load the material of main part diatomite in powder of object ion 120 ℃ of dryings 2 hours, again with H
2For reductive agent at 400 ℃ of reductase 12s hour, make nanometer copper zinc-silver poly metal cluster water purifying material.
The quality amount ratio of above-mentioned materials is:
Cupric chloride 50 zinc chloride 50
Silver Nitrate 0.2 5A sieve particle 200
Deionized water 2000
But every kilogram of water-purifying material purified tap water amount is 500m
3, prepared nanometer copper zinc-silver poly metal cluster water purifying material is joined in the tap water, can be with chlorine residue in the water, nitrate, micro quantity organic pollutant, disinfection byproduct (DBP) and soluble heavy metal ions Pb
2+, Cr
6+Remove Deng effectively, and effectively sterilization.
Embodiment 6
Do copper source and zinc source with cupric nitrate, zinc nitrate, cupric nitrate, zinc nitrate are dissolved in 100 ℃ of deionized waters, add cerous nitrate again after treating to dissolve fully, material of main part porous alumina powder is added in the solution, keeping solution temperature is 100 ℃, after the stirring at low speed 2 hours, the filtering residual solution, after the distilled water cleaning, with load the material of main part porous alumina powder of object ion 120 ℃ of dryings 2 hours, again in 800 ℃ of roastings 1 hour, be reductive agent again with CO at 800 ℃ of reductase 12s hour, make copper zinc rare earth multicomponent metal cluster water purifying material.
The quality amount ratio of above-mentioned materials is:
Cupric nitrate 15 zinc nitrates 30
Cerous nitrate 0.15 porous alumina powder 200
Deionized water 1000
But every kilogram of water-purifying material purified tap water amount is 10m
3, can be with chlorine residue in the water, nitrate, micro quantity organic pollutant, disinfection byproduct (DBP) and soluble heavy metal ions Pb
2+, Cr
6+Deng effectively removing.
Embodiment 7
Do copper source and zinc source with venus crystals, zinc acetate, venus crystals, zinc acetate are dissolved in the deionized water at room temperature, after treating to dissolve fully, add cerous nitrate, Silver Nitrate, after dissolving mixes fully material of main part 4A sieve particle is added in the solution, the room temperature stirring at low speed is after 2 hours, the filtering residual solution, after cleaning with distilled water, with load the material of main part 4A sieve particle of object ion 120 ℃ of dryings 2 hours, again with H
2For reductive agent at 300 ℃ of reductase 12s hour, make copper zinc-silver rare earth multicomponent metal cluster water purifying material.
The quality amount ratio of above-mentioned materials is:
Venus crystals 4 zinc acetates 4
4A sieve particle 200 cerous nitrates 0.1 Silver Nitrate 0.2
Deionized water 1000
But every kilogram of water-purifying material purified tap water amount is 500m
3, can be with chlorine residue in the water, nitrate, micro quantity organic pollutant, disinfection byproduct (DBP) and soluble heavy metal ions Pb
2+, Cr
6+Remove Deng effectively, part is removed F-in the water, and effective bacteria growing inhibiting.
Embodiment 8
Do copper source and zinc source with copper carbonate, zinc carbonate, copper carbonate, zinc carbonate and material of main part atlapulgite powder are mixed, 180 ℃ of heating 4 hours, with load the material of main part atlapulgite powder of object ion be reductive agent room temperature reductase 12 hour with formaldehyde, make copper zinc poly metal cluster water purifying material.
The quality amount ratio of above-mentioned materials is:
Copper carbonate 20 zinc carbonates 20
Atlapulgite powder 200
But every kilogram of water-purifying material purified tap water amount is 10m
3, can be with chlorine residue in the water, nitrate, micro quantity organic pollutant, disinfection byproduct (DBP) and soluble heavy metal ions Pb
2+, Cr
6+Deng effectively removing.
Embodiment 9
Do copper source and zinc source with venus crystals, zinc acetate, venus crystals, zinc acetate are dissolved in the deionized water at room temperature, after treating to dissolve fully, the material of main part natural zeolite powder is added in the solution, and the room temperature stirring at low speed is after 2 hours, the filtering residual solution, after the distilled water cleaning, with load the material of main part natural zeolite powder of object ion 120 ℃ of dryings 2 hours, be reductive agent again with ethylene glycol at 70 ℃ of reductase 12s hour, make nanometer copper zinc poly metal cluster water purifying material.
The quality amount ratio of above-mentioned materials is:
Venus crystals 5 zinc acetates 5
Natural zeolite powder 200 deionized waters 1000
But every kilogram of water-purifying material purified tap water amount is 10m
3, can be with chlorine residue in the water, nitrate, micro quantity organic pollutant, disinfection byproduct (DBP) and soluble heavy metal ions Pb
2+, Cr
6+Deng effectively removing.
Claims (7)
1. poly metal cluster water purifying material, it is characterized in that being made by two or more the metal in the silver of the porous material of 50～99 weight parts and 1～50 weight part, copper, zinc, the rare earth, described porous material is a kind of or more than one mixtures in porous silica, atlapulgite, porous alumina, molecular sieve, natural zeolite, gac, the diatomite.
2. the preparation method of the described water-purifying material of claim 1 is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) two kinds in selection copper, zinc, silver, the rare earth compound or two or more mixture are source metal;
(2) source metal is joined in the porous material, controlled temperature is 100 ℃～800 ℃, make in the source metal metal ion exchanged or be diffused on the porous material, perhaps, after source metal is configured to the aqueous solution, it is joined in the porous material, controlled temperature is 20 ℃～100 ℃, make in the source metal metal ion exchanged or load on the porous material, form combination;
(3) above-mentioned combination after 1～4 hour, feeds reductive agent 250 ℃～800 ℃ following roastings.
3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that in the step (1), described copper compound is the organic or inorganic mantoquita, and described zn cpds is the organic or inorganic zinc salt, and described silver compound is inorganic silver salt.
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that described organic or inorganic mantoquita is a kind of or more than one mixtures in copper sulfate, cupric nitrate, venus crystals, cupric chloride, the copper carbonate, described organic or inorganic zinc salt is a kind of or more than one mixtures in zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, zinc acetate, zinc chloride, the zinc carbonate.
5. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that in the described step (1), the consumption weight ratio in the source metal between each component is:
Silver source 1～10
Zinc source 100～1000
Copper source 100～1000
Rare earth source 1～5
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that in the described step (3), reductive agent is the mixture of carbon monoxide, ethylene glycol, hydrogen, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide and hydrogen or the mixture of ethylene glycol and formaldehyde, and corresponding reduction temperature is followed successively by 250 ℃～800 ℃, 20 ℃～100 ℃, 250 ℃～800 ℃, 20 ℃, 250 ℃～800 ℃, 20 ℃～100 ℃.
7. the described water-purifying material of claim 1 is used for the method for clean water treatment, it is characterized in that the former water that needs purify is flow through described water-purifying material, comprise: the powdery water-purifying material is added in the former water of needs purification, mix, leave standstill the primary water that has obtained removing contained soluble heavy metal ions, arsonium ion, micro quantity organic pollutant, chlorine residue, disinfection byproduct (DBP), nitrate, pathogenic bacteria, virus and pathogenic micro-organism after 1～10 minute.
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| CN113466199A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-10-01 | 长春工业大学 | Preparation of copper nanocluster and diatomite composite fluorescent sensor for detecting hexavalent chromium ions |
| CN115777703A (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-03-14 | 普沃思环保科技无锡有限公司 | Metal oxide sterilization material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN2644412Y (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2004-09-29 | 百诺肯净水设备（厦门）有限公司 | Maintenance-free type water purifier |
| CN1699202A (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2005-11-23 | 周建吾 | Direct drinking water device |
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