CN100363174C - High indomitable and firm metal gradient structure shaft and its preparation mehtod - Google Patents
High indomitable and firm metal gradient structure shaft and its preparation mehtod Download PDFInfo
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- CN100363174C CN100363174C CNB2005100631033A CN200510063103A CN100363174C CN 100363174 C CN100363174 C CN 100363174C CN B2005100631033 A CNB2005100631033 A CN B2005100631033A CN 200510063103 A CN200510063103 A CN 200510063103A CN 100363174 C CN100363174 C CN 100363174C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a high tough metal gradient structure shaft and a manufacturing method thereof, which belongs to the technical field of part processing and manufacturing. The gradient structure shaft is composed of 2 to 15 layers and made from expensive high-quality alloy steel and cheap carbon steel or microalloyed steel. The surface layer of the shaft is made from materials having high intensity and high abrasion resistance, and a core part can be made from materials which can effectively transmit torque and can have favorable flexibility; the organization structure, the performance of the shaft and the chemical ingredients from the surface to the core part of the shaft are continuously variable, and thus, the shaft has the functions of stress relaxation and stress stop. In the manufacturing method of the present invention, common transverse wedge rolling equipment at present is used for effectively combining the same material or different materials by the methods of helix cooperation, electroslag remelting, compound casting, plastic processing compound, etc., the present invention has the advantage that the high tough firm metal gradient structure shaft has the functions of stress relaxation and stress stop. Rare, noble and significant metal materials can be saved, and the cost is lowered.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to part processing manufacturing technology field, a kind of high toughness wear resistant gradient-structure axle and manufacture method thereof particularly are provided.The metal gradient structural material has more wide application prospect in machinery, metallurgy, traffic, mine and fields such as weapons and aviation.
Background technology
Axle is a kind of strength member in the mechanical device, general application in machinery, metallurgy, traffic, mine and fields such as weapons and aviation obtain.The major function of axle is to support rotary part and transmit moment of torsion.Axle is under alternate load effect such as crooked, as to reverse, higher stress is born on its surface, axle journal with the relative motion of bearing under, also be subjected to bigger friction and wear, this just requires piece surface to have higher intensity, hardness, wearability and higher fatigue strength, and heart portion has high toughness when keeping certain intensity, hardness.
The material category that is used to make axial workpiece is a lot, and is main according to material is selected in requirements such as the intensity of axle, hardness, rigidity, wearability during design.The axial workpiece of using in all kinds of mechanical devices at present is made of the same material usually.Usually adopt the steel alloy axle of high strength, high-wearing feature for some important mechanized equipments, to reach high-power and the purpose that can weight reduction of high-speed transfer.Because steel alloy axle counter stress is concentrated relatively more responsive, in capricious weather conditions, axle is easy to take place surface abrasion, fatigue fracture phenomenon under alternate load effect such as crooked, as to reverse.Though by formulating rational heat treatment technology, it is good to make the steel alloy axle reach surface abrasion resistance, the requirement of good core toughness, but, adopt Technology for Heating Processing to be difficult to guarantee the intensity, toughness of steel alloy axle even variation along axial section and length direction, and owing to be commaterial, in case micro-crack appears in the surface, just can directly expand to heart portion, cause fracture.So the outstanding shortcoming that present axial workpiece exists is: the axle that (1) adopts high-quality, noble metal to make, though the good cost of quality is too high; (2) the common steel alloy axles that use in a large number in fields such as engineering machinery, vehicle at present in use exist stress to concentrate, and lack the crackle block function, in case there is micro-crack to exist, the integral body fracture can take place rapidly just, cause catastrophic consequence.At present, do not find or similar products like and manufacture method identical as yet with the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of gradient-structure axle and manufacture method thereof.Is continually varying from the surface of axle to heart portion chemical composition, and the institutional framework and the performance of axle also be continually varying, and stress relaxes, stress stops function thereby possess.Gradient-structure axle of the present invention is made of composition performance continually varying 2～15 layer materials, and the skin-material of axle is the high high-quality alloy steel material of price with high strength, high-wearing feature, comprising: GCr15 series, G20CrNiMo, 10Cr14Mo etc.Heart portion material adopts the carbon steel or the micro alloyed steel material that can effectively transmit moment of torsion, cheapness that pliability is good, comprises 20～No. 50 carbon steel, Q235, Q345, T8, T10,20CrMnTi, 20Cr, 40Cr, 20CrMo, 35CrMo, 42CrMo, materials such as 38CrMoAl, 30CrMnSi.Because material is made up of with cheap carbon steel or micro alloyed steel the high high-quality steel alloy of price, therefore, can save metal material rare, valuable and that have strategic importance, reduces cost, and satisfies the strategy of sustainable development.
Preparation method of the present invention is: by method such as spiral cooperation, electroslag remelting, composite casting, plastic working be compound, same material or non-same material combined effectively be assembled into the strip plate for the treatment of of gradient-structure axle, the dimensions of the axle that utilizes present ubiquitous cross wedge rolling machine to be rolled into again to need, the annealed blank that becomes axle with gradient-structure.Concrete grammar is:
1, metal material X
1, X
2, X
3... X
nBe respectively intensity and reduce the steel that toughness strengthens gradually, X gradually
nBe round steel, all the other steel pipes for cooperating mutually.Wherein, X
1, X
2, X
3... X
nBe meant GCr15 series, G20CrNiMo, 10Cr14Mo, 20～No. 50, Q235, Q345, T8, T10,20CrMnTi, 20Cr, 40Cr, 20CrMo, 35CrMo, 42CrMo, bearing steel, structural carbon steel, micro alloyed steel materials such as 38CrMoAl, 30CrMnSi.
2, with metal material X
1, X
2, X
3... ..X
nThe surface is clean by PROCESS FOR TREATMENT such as degreasing, pickling, rinsing, dryings;
3, use the rotatable wire brush surface of steel is scrubbed, fully expose fresh metal up to the metal surface;
4, with metal material X
1, X
2, X
3... ..X
nBe assembled into round steel crude green body in order with sandwich construction.
5, use argon gas that the round steel crude green body cleaning that assembles is clean, make to keep inert atmosphere between assembled layers;
6, with round steel crude green body two ends welded seal under argon shield, become round base to be rolled;
7, with the good to be rolled round base of heating furnace heating assembling welding, heating-up temperature is at material X
1Following 0 ℃～30 ℃ insulations of recrystallization temperature 1～10 hour;
8, the round base that will heat with cross wedge rolling machine or other plastic processing method rolls into predetermined shaft;
9, formulate annealing process according to selected materials, annealing temperature is generally at 700 ℃～850 ℃, and general 4～6 hours of annealing time obtains the blank of complex gradient axis of no-feathering.
The blank of complex gradient axis of no-feathering of the present invention also can adopt the spiral matching method, bag waters method or the electroslag remelting method is prepared, the composite blank that adopts this method to prepare, when carrying out follow-up plastic working, first reduction in pass is not had specific (special) requirements, and plastic processing method carries out routinely.
The used metal material of the present invention is steel alloy and carbon steel or micro alloyed steel, belongs to same class iron, and just the chemical composition content of each material is different with performance, even adopt plastic processing method also can obtain effectively compound.After thermoplasticity processing of composite shaft process or the Technology for Heating Processing,, formed the structure gradient axes by the atom diffusion process.
The invention has the advantages that the graded of chemical composition of the structure gradient axle of manufacturing, guaranteed the graded of material structure, mechanical properties such as its intensity, plasticity, toughness are also by certain graded.Make the surface of axle have high strength, high rigidity, high-wearing feature, heart portion has good toughness, can transmit moment of torsion effectively.Because inhibition is played in the expansion of the metal pair crackle of combination interface and good core toughness, therefore, even micro-crack appears in the surface, at short notice still can operate as normal, thus generation that can averting a calamity property consequence.Can be widely used in fields such as machinery, metallurgy, traffic, mine and weapons and aviation.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: the manufacturing of gradient-structure power transmission shaft
1, select external diameter 50mm for use, internal diameter 22mm length is the 40Cr steel pipe of 300mm and the straight carbon steel round steel of 22mm.
2,40Cr steel pipe and straight carbon steel round steel surface is clean by PROCESS FOR TREATMENT such as degreasing, pickling, rinsing, dryings;
3, use the rotatable wire brush surface of steel is scrubbed, fully expose fresh metal up to the metal surface;
4,40Cr steel pipe and straight carbon steel round steel are assembled into crude green body.
5, use argon gas that the round steel crude green body cleaning that assembles is clean, make to keep inert atmosphere between assembled layers;
6, with round steel crude green body two ends welded seal under argon shield, become round base to be rolled;
7, with the speed Fast Heating assembling welding good to be rolled round base of heating furnace with 200 ℃ of per minutes, heating-up temperature was 750 ℃ of insulations 60 minutes;
8, the round base that will heat with cross wedge rolling machine rolls into predetermined shaft, first time drafts 60%;
9, be heated to 600 ℃ with heating furnace, be incubated 10 hours, the cold blank that obtains complex gradient structure power transmission shaft of stove.
Embodiment 2: the manufacturing of gradient-structure hub spindle
1, select external diameter 50mm for use, internal diameter 22mm length is 45 of the GCr15 steel pipe of 150mm and 22mm
#Round steel.
2, with GCr15 steel pipe and 45
#The round steel surface is clean by PROCESS FOR TREATMENT such as degreasing, pickling, rinsing, dryings;
3, use the rotatable wire brush surface of steel is scrubbed, fully expose fresh metal up to the metal surface;
4, with GCr15 steel pipe and 45
#Round steel is assembled into crude green body.
5, use argon gas that the round steel crude green body cleaning that assembles is clean, make to keep inert atmosphere between assembled layers;
6, with round steel crude green body two ends welded seal under argon shield, become round base to be rolled;
7, with the speed Fast Heating assembling welding good to be rolled round base of heating furnace with 200 ℃ of per minutes, heating-up temperature was 750 ℃ of insulations 120 minutes;
8, the round base that will heat with cross wedge rolling machine rolls into predetermined shaft, first time drafts 60%;
9 usefulness heating furnaces are heated to 550 ℃, are incubated 10 hours, the cold blank that obtains complex gradient structural hub axle of stove.
Embodiment 3: the spiral matching method of composite construction axis blank
1, select for use high carbon alloy steel pipe, medium carbon alloy steel pipe, straight carbon steel round steel as raw material respectively;
2, selected raw material is made the screw thread that can cooperatively interact;
3, the surface is clean by PROCESS FOR TREATMENT such as degreasing, pickling, rinsing, dryings;
4, use the rotatable wire brush surface of steel is scrubbed, fully expose fresh metal up to the metal surface;
5, blank is combined into compound shaft blank;
6, with round steel crude green body two ends welded seal under argon shield, become round base to be rolled;
7, with the speed Fast Heating assembling welding good to be rolled round base of heating furnace with 200 ℃ of per minutes, heating-up temperature was 850 ℃ of insulations 120 minutes;
8, the round base that will heat with cross wedge rolling machine rolls into predetermined shaft;
9, cold, the fine finishining of composite shaft annealing, the stove that obtains according to the big young pathbreaker of axle obtains final products.
The superpacket of embodiment 4 composite construction axis blanks waters method
1, select for use the high carbon alloy steel pipe of selecting for use chemical composition to reduce successively respectively, medium carbon alloy steel pipe, straight carbon steel round steel as raw material respectively;
2, use ripe composite casting and be cast into the composite shaft blank that raises gradually and change from heart portion to the top layer chemical composition;
3, heating blank, temperature is 850 ℃, is incubated 120 minutes;
4, the round base that will heat with cross wedge rolling machine rolls into predetermined shaft;
5, annealing, stove is cold, fine finishining obtains final products.
Embodiment 5: the electroslag remelting process of composite construction axis blank
Other step of example 4 is constant, and the preparation of composite shaft initial blank can be selected the electroslag remelting process of widespread usage.Then manufacturing cost rises to some extent, and still, quality will promote, and this method is fit to make high-quality composite construction axle.
Claims (3)
1. high-toughness metal gradient-structure axle, it is characterized in that: is continually varying from the surface of axle to heart portion chemical composition, and the institutional framework and the performance of axle also be continually varying, stress relaxes, stress stops function thereby possess; This axle is made of composition, performance continually varying 2～3 layer materials, and the skin-material of axle is the high high-quality alloy steel material of price with high strength, high-wearing feature, comprising: 40Cr steel, general carbon round steel, GCr15 steel, 45
#Steel, high-carbon alloy steel, medium carbon alloy steel.
2. method for preparing the described high toughness wear resistant gradient-structure of claim 1 axle: it is characterized in that: utilize cross wedge rolling machine that same material or non-same material are combined effectively; Concrete technology is:
A, metal material X
1, X
2, X
3Be respectively intensity and reduce the steel that toughness strengthens gradually gradually;
B, with metal material X
1, X
2, X
3The surface is handled clean by degreasing, pickling, rinsing, drying process;
C, application rotatable wire brush are scrubbed the surface of steel, fully expose fresh metal up to the metal surface;
D, with metal material X
1, X
2, X
3Be assembled into round steel crude green body in order with sandwich construction;
E, use argon gas clean the round steel crude green body that assembles clean, make to keep inert atmosphere between assembled layers;
F, with round steel crude green body two ends welded seal under argon shield, become round base to be rolled;
G, with the good to be rolled round base of heating furnace heating assembling welding, heating-up temperature is at material X
1Following 0 ℃～30 ℃ of recrystallization temperature, be incubated 1～10 hour;
H, the round base that will heat with cross wedge rolling machine or other plastic processing method roll into predetermined shaft;
I, formulate annealing process according to selected materials, annealing temperature is at 700 ℃～850 ℃, and annealing time 4～6 hours obtains the blank of complex gradient axis of no-feathering.
3. it is characterized in that in accordance with the method for claim 2: described X
1, X
2, X
3Be meant 40Cr steel, general carbon round steel, GCr15 steel, 45
#Steel, high-carbon alloy steel, medium carbon alloy steel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100631033A CN100363174C (en) | 2005-04-04 | 2005-04-04 | High indomitable and firm metal gradient structure shaft and its preparation mehtod |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100631033A CN100363174C (en) | 2005-04-04 | 2005-04-04 | High indomitable and firm metal gradient structure shaft and its preparation mehtod |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1686713A CN1686713A (en) | 2005-10-26 |
| CN100363174C true CN100363174C (en) | 2008-01-23 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100631033A Expired - Fee Related CN100363174C (en) | 2005-04-04 | 2005-04-04 | High indomitable and firm metal gradient structure shaft and its preparation mehtod |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070117640A1 (en) * | 2005-11-21 | 2007-05-24 | Haka Raymond J | Composite clutch shaft assembly |
| CN101915273A (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2010-12-15 | 新兴铸管股份有限公司 | Novel bearing ring material and production process thereof |
| CN105563032B (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2018-02-09 | 瓦房店轴承集团有限责任公司 | Using the method for bimetallic materials in the tube manufacture composite bearing |
| CN106583445B (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2018-05-15 | 宁波大学 | The laminated axis of Ultra-fine Grained and its processing method |
| CN111069751A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-04-28 | 江苏新宏大集团有限公司 | Application of low-carbon gas shield welding wire in welding of 40Cr plate and Q355 plate |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2460289Y (en) * | 2000-12-26 | 2001-11-21 | 刘世程 | Double-metal compound wire of stainless steel cladded carbon steel |
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2005
- 2005-04-04 CN CNB2005100631033A patent/CN100363174C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2460289Y (en) * | 2000-12-26 | 2001-11-21 | 刘世程 | Double-metal compound wire of stainless steel cladded carbon steel |
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| CN1686713A (en) | 2005-10-26 |
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Granted publication date: 20080123 Termination date: 20110404 |