CN100358177C - Apparatus of high power density fuel cell layer with micro structured components - Google Patents

Apparatus of high power density fuel cell layer with micro structured components Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100358177C
CN100358177C CNB03803428XA CN03803428A CN100358177C CN 100358177 C CN100358177 C CN 100358177C CN B03803428X A CNB03803428X A CN B03803428XA CN 03803428 A CN03803428 A CN 03803428A CN 100358177 C CN100358177 C CN 100358177C
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fuel cell
fuel
porous substrate
passage
layer
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CN1647303A (en
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格拉尔德·弗朗西斯·麦克莱恩
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BIC SA
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Angstrom Power Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/002—Shape, form of a fuel cell
    • H01M8/004—Cylindrical, tubular or wound
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H01M8/2418—Grouping by arranging unit cells in a plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H01M8/242—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes comprising framed electrodes or intermediary frame-like gaskets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention is a fuel cell made of a fuel plenum with fuel, an oxidant plenum with oxidant, a porous substrate communicating the fuel and oxidant plenum, a channel formed by the porous substrate, an anode, a cathode, electrolyte in a portion of the channel contacting the anode and the cathode preventing transfer of fuel to the cathode and preventing transfer of oxidant to the anode, a first coating to prevent fuel from entering a portion of the porous substrate, a second coating to prevent oxidant from entering a portion of the porous substrate, two sealant barriers, and a positive and negative electrical connection, wherein the invention also involves a multiple fuel cell layer structure, a bi-level fuel cell layer structure, and a method for making a fuel cell layer.

Description

Apparatus of high power density fuel cell layer with micro structure element
Invention field
The present invention relates to fuel cell.More specifically, the present invention relates in the different passages that use single porous substrate to form, have the fuel battery layer of a plurality of batteries.
Background of invention
Demand high power density fuel cell always for a long time.
Existing fuel cell is the laminated assembly of single fuel cell normally, and wherein each battery can produce higher electric current under low-voltage.General battery structure comprises reactant distribution and current collection device, and it can contact with the stratiform electrochemical assembly, and is made up of gas diffusion layers, first catalyst layer, electrode layer, second catalyst layer and second gas diffusion layers.Except high-temperature fuel cells such as carbonate battery such as fusing, most of proton exchange membrane, direct methyl alcohol, soild oxide or alkaline fuel cell all comprise layered planar structure, wherein each layer at first forms as different elements, is assembled into functional fuel battery by each layer is in contact with one another then.
The subject matter of layered planar structure fuel cell is that each layer must closely electrically contact mutually, and if can not closely contact, the internal resistance of battery pack will increase so, thereby reduce the gross efficiency of fuel cell.
Second problem of layered planar structure fuel cell be to sealing and guarantee that the correct of reactant in layer structure fuel battery inside groove and cooling agent flow, the contact that must be consistent of each interlayer.In addition, if the gross area of battery is excessive, will have any problem aspect the generation contact pressure so, and this is to keep reactant gas needed in the correct fluid flow distribution of bath surface.
Existing layered planar structure fuel-cell device is characterised in that because fuel and oxidant all need flow in the plane of layered planar structure fuel cell, therefore need at least 4 to 10 but normally 8 different layers to form the battery that can work, the normally first flow region layer, first gas diffusion layers, first catalyst layer, first electrode layer, second catalyst layer, second gas diffusion layers, second flow region layer and the dividing plates.These layers are made into single fuel cell component usually, and then each layer is in contact with one another to form fuel battery.When making each layer contact, must be carefully so that gas prevents that gas from leaking when spreading from the fuel battery assembled group in each layer.In addition, all electric currents that fuel cell produces in the battery pack must pass each layer in the battery pack, and this simple contact of depending on different layers is to provide conductive path.Therefore, the battery pack that sealing and conductivity all need to assemble is clamped by tangible pressure, thereby realizes sealing and reducing interior contact resistance on every side.
The manufacturing of each layer is very expensive and difficult usually in the existing fuel cell structure.Bipolar plates as oxidant and fuel flow region and dividing plate is made through the graphite that is difficult to process commonly used, thereby has significantly increased the cost of fuel battery.Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is usually by applying the solid polymer electrolyte that contains catalyst at either side, then gaseous diffusion is laminated on the electrolyte and forms.Fuel cell module need be connected in series a plurality of single bipolar plates and membrane electrode assembly.Usually between adjacent bipolar plates and membrane electrode assembly, must use discontinuous sealing strip, and the bipolar and MEA layer that will seal is fixed together under sizable pressure.
Existence is to researching and developing the needs of selectable fuel cell design, thereby impermanent with the technology of series system assembling discrete layer.A kind of method that addresses that need is to use the microstructure technology to make fuel cell, thereby wherein micro-fabrication technique and nano structural material combination can be produced new device, and can not run into the problem relevant with the conventional fuel battery design usually.Micro-scale technology is applied to a lot of significantly advantages on the fuel cell.Particularly, because thin layer is with the former of new geometry thereby make the raising of power density, improvement, improvement and/or the more accurate Application of Catalyst of caloic transmission, the trend such as reduction of losing than the short-range missile electrical path length all make fuel cell more efficient, and can obtain the higher volumes power density.The trend that occurs of may and newly using of auxiliary system being added fuel cell design makes it present more useful advantage.
Existence is to comparing the needs of the micro fuel cell that less part is only arranged with the layered planar structure fuel cell.Less part will make the manufacturing cost of micro fuel cell lower than conventional fuel battery.
Existence is to using the needs of multiple electrolytical micro fuel cell.
There are the needs that can reduce the micro fuel cell of contact resistance in the fuel cell basically.
The micro-fabrication technique of fuel cell has been used in many inventions formerly.US 5,861,221 propose to contain a plurality of by the be one another in series conventional MEAs that is connected " the film band " that link to each other of the anodal edge with the negative pole edge of a MEA and adjacent MEA.Can use two kinds of structures.First kind is step-like structure by MEA is put together and constitutes " film band ".Second kind by combining MEA and constitute " film band " in the phase border district end to end with therebetween conductive region, it is connected with battery.In some is further studied (US 5,925,477), same inventor mixes shunt between electrode, thereby improves the conductivity of battery.MEAs itself is conventional layer structure design, and whole edges collection assembly depends on the conventional sealing device between adjacent MEAs continuously.
US 5,631,099 and US 5,759,721 use the similar design that is connected in series, but to multiple other the micro-scale technology of fuel cell design use.After doing like this, in single structure, form a plurality of fuel cells simultaneously.Fuel cell itself is still the layered planes device that places on the carrier, and needs to pass interconnecting of carrier layer between adjacent fuel cell.Disclosed most of technology relate to the catalyst that produces anti-methyl alcohol and are using the palladium layer to prevent methyl alcohol cross-over connection in battery on the catalyst in these patents.
WO 01/95406 discloses a kind of monofilm device, and its section of being divided into is to make a plurality of MEA structures.The both sides that the composite dual-electrode plates that is difficult to make can be the MEA layer provide fuel and oxidant.US 6,127, and 058 discloses a kind of similar structure, but replace compound multiple reacting gas be only with a kind of reagent utilization to the either side of MEA layer.Being connected in series of the fuel cell that forms in the MEA layer can realize that it is along the electrical connection that is provided with and can provides the bottom from MEA layer top to the MEA layer on every side of this device by the extrinsic current gatherer.The efficient that is electrically connected around this is very low.
Some fuel cell of the prior art is attempted by using micro-fabrication technique to reduce size and manufacturing cost.For example Case Western Reserve University device is to use the thin layer process similar to printing and semiconductor manufacturing to form a plurality of fuel cells (Wainwright et al on carrier substrates.“A?micro?fabricated?Hydrogen/Air?Fuel?Cell”195Meeting?of?the?Electrochemical?Society，Seattle，WA，1999)。In these designs, except being formed on fuel cell on the base substrate, fuel cell has kept conventional planar design.Negative electrode must be formed on electrolytical top, plane, must directly interconnect with adjacent anode then.
All above-mentioned batteries all use the electric current collection on the electrode edge.This has increased the interior cell resistance of these batteries significantly.Each battery is also based on solid polymer electrolyte, because the electrolyte of this unique easy manufacturing.In addition, all above-mentioned batteries have all been realized micro fuel cell design by form a plurality of fuel cells in single electrolyte plane.
The electrolytical design of past existing use on-plane surface.GB 2,339, and 058 proposes a kind of fuel cell that has the waveform electrode layer.In this structure, the MEA of conventional layered is a waveform.MEA places between the bipolar plates.This design has increased active area, and can be packaged into predetermined.Yet this design still depends on the expensive complicated layer structure of outside seal, and needs pressure to electrically contact and seal to keep inner.JP 50903/1996 proposes a kind of solid polymer fuel cell, it comprise plane normally and have alternately in order to energy generating element (obviously being MEA) is pressed from both sides into the outstanding part of on-plane surface segmentation line style.That identical therewith is GB2,339,058, and this document still depends on expensive complicated layer structure, thus but this design has also applied inappropriate pressure to MEA by using dividing plate that it is pressed into the on-plane surface device.
Except non-flat design, some prior art proposes tubular structure.US 6,060, and 188 propose a kind of cylindrical fuel battery, and it has the single MEA layer that forms cylinder.Fuel or oxidant are transported to the recess of cylindrical inside, and other reactant is externally carried.In this design, each cylindrical structural produces a monocell, and electric current flows by the ring-shaped cylinder wall of fuel cell.Be not disclosed in the method that the electricity that series connection is provided between fuel cell interconnected or sealed single fuel cell.This design is obtained from the tubular design of known Solid Oxide Fuel Cell.
Existence is for the fuel cell layout that can increase active area (being the high density of active area) in identical volume or the needs of fuel cell structure.This will make fuel cell be optimised in the mode that is different from current most of fuel cell developer and is carried out.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to the fuel battery layer structure of concrete integrated design, wherein the function of gas diffusion layers, catalyst layer and electrode layer is integrated in single substrate.This integrated design can be simplified manufacture process and can design in proportion.
More specifically, this fuel battery layer that is used to connect external loading comprises fuel chambers; Oxidant chamber; The porous substrate of passing through mutually with this fuel chambers and this oxidant chamber.This fuel battery layer also comprises the fuel cell that porous substrate and this porous substrate of a plurality of use form.Anode and the negative electrode that forms from this second catalyst layer that each fuel cell comprises different passages, be arranged on first catalyst layer on this first passage wall, be arranged on second catalyst layer on this second channel wall, form from this first catalyst layer, these different passages, be provided with and can prevent that fuel is transported to negative electrode and can prevents that oxidant is transported to the electrolyte of anode.This fuel cell also comprises first coating that is arranged on this porous substrate at least a portion, thereby can prevent that fuel from entering at least a portion of this porous substrate; Be arranged on second coating on this porous substrate at least a portion, thereby can prevent that oxidant from entering at least a portion of this porous substrate; Be arranged on first sealing baffle of first side; Be arranged on second sealing baffle of second side; Be arranged on the 3rd sealing baffle between fuel cell; Be arranged on the positive electrical joint and the negative electricity joint that is arranged on second side of first side.
When the fuel cell of a plurality of micro-dimensions is formed in single substrate, can obtain higher overall power density.In addition, a plurality of fuel cells in single substrate can in parallelly form, and utilize high volume automated manufacturing to form fuel battery layer.The combination of fuel cell can minimize the dependence to outside sealing strip and anchor clamps in single substrate.
Can predict the multiple variation of fuel battery layer design.Some variations comprise is plugged fuel and oxidant chamber's end, makes fuel battery layer surround the space, and making the porous substrate is on-plane surface or selectable planar structure, and making fuel battery layer is surround the space cylindrical.Substrate can form with various conductions and non-conductive porous media.
With regard to size, this channel height can for 1 nanometer to 10cm, width can for 1 nanometer to 1mm, length can be 1 nanometer to 100 meter.Single fuel cell expection of the present invention can produce about 0.25 volt to about 4 volts voltage.
1～5000 fuel cell expection can be used in the fuel battery layer in this design, yet in preferred embodiments, fuel battery layer comprises 75～150 continuous fuel cells.Can expect that this fuel battery layer can produce 0.25 volt to 2500 volts voltage.Have more multichannel fuel cell and can produce higher voltage.
Be applicable to that the electrolyte among the present invention can be gel, liquid or solid material.Can expect that dielectric substrate thickness can be 1 nanometer to 1.0mm, or selectively simply fill each passage and very close to each other from first wall to second wall.Because passage is thinner, therefore thin electrolyte can increase the efficient of fuel cell.
Fuel cell of the present invention can use in the following way: at first, fuels sources is linked to each other with the fuel chambers import; Secondly, the fuel chambers outlet is linked to each other with egr controller; The 3rd, oxidant chamber's import is linked to each other with oxidizer source; The 4th, oxidant chamber's outlet is linked to each other with flow system; The 5th, the positive electrical joint is linked to each other with external loading with the negative electricity joint; The 6th, make fuel and oxidant flow into import; And last, with the current drives load of fuel cell generation.
Brief Description Of Drawings
By embodiment specific embodiments of the present invention is described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, wherein:
The cutaway view of Fig. 1 fuel cell first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 1 a is the detailed cross sectional view that has the anode of catalyst at first degree of depth place of porous substrate;
Fig. 1 b is the detailed cross sectional view that has the anode of catalyst at second degree of depth place of porous substrate;
Fig. 1 c is the detailed cross sectional view of negative electrode;
Fig. 2 is the cutaway view of the embodiment that is plugged of fuel cell end of the present invention;
Fig. 2 a is the embodiment of fuel cell of the present invention, and wherein fuel and oxidant chamber are solids, and has flow channel in it;
Fig. 3 is the cutaway view of another embodiment of fuel cell of being plugged of end;
Fig. 3 a shows the environment embodiment of opening wide towards periphery of oxidant chamber among the present invention;
Fig. 3 b shows the environment embodiment of opening wide towards periphery of fuel chambers among the present invention;
Fig. 4 is by making up the cutaway view of the fuel battery layer that a plurality of fuel cells shown in Figure 1 form;
Fig. 4 a is the cutaway view of a plurality of porous substrate fuel battery layers, and its fuel chambers environment is towards periphery opened wide;
Fig. 4 b is the cutaway view of a plurality of porous substrate fuel battery layers, and its oxidant chamber environment towards periphery opens wide;
Fig. 4 c has the nearly cutaway view of the fuel battery layer of 5000 fuel cells;
Fig. 5 is the cutaway view that a plurality of fuel cells shown in Figure 1 are formed on the fuel cell in single substrate;
Fig. 5 a is another embodiment that has the fuel cell of a plurality of batteries;
Fig. 6 is the stereogram that contains the fuel battery layer of a plurality of fuel cells shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 7 is the detailed perspective view that the present invention has the fuel cell of waveform passage;
Fig. 8 is the stereogram of cylindrical fuel battery of the present invention;
Fig. 8 a is the cutaway view of fuel cell embodiment among Fig. 1, and wherein substrate is non-regular shape;
Fig. 9 is the cutaway view of cylindrical fuel battery of the present invention;
Figure 10 is another embodiment of fuel cell of the present invention, and its passage is one group of form of annular rings that stacks;
Figure 11 is another embodiment of fuel cell, and its passage is the spiral form around cylinder; And
Figure 12 is the stereogram of double-deck fuel cell structure.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of micro-structural fuel cell that has preferably porous substrate, have the fuel cell module of single or multiple underlying structures, and make the method for this fuel cell and fuel battery layer.
The present invention relates to the fuel cell structure of concrete integrated design, wherein the function of gas diffusion layers, catalyst layer and electrode layer is integrated in single substrate.This structure makes it may be folded to form " layer " of various work fuel batteries, and obtains linear, shaped form, waveform or difform electrolyte path, thereby obtains higher volumetric power density by having increased the electro-chemical activity surface area.In addition,, overcome fuel cell component and simply contacted the problem that forms electrical connection by in single substrate, forming various fuel battery layers, thus the possibility of cell resistance in having realized obtaining hanging down.These battery layers itself are plane, on-plane surface or involute structure, thereby provides further advantage for increasing surface area, and application flexibly can be provided.This integrated design can be simplified manufacture process and can design in proportion.
Different with existing fuel cell design, the invention provides the electrode layer that curls up in one embodiment, it can not fluctuate reposefully.Other embodiment of the present invention comprises non-basically smooth shape.Use this non-smooth electrolyte path to make that the total surface area of fuel cell reaction is bigger, and can be packaged into the predetermined that can reach when the plane dielectric substrate is used for the conventional fuel battery design.The present invention also makes the distance between the single electrode layer obviously reduce, thereby the surface area than conventional design is bigger in predetermined.
The present invention expects and uses the design enlightened by irregular pattern that it can provide long electrolyte path-length.The present invention includes the method for a kind of formation fuel cell and " battery pack ", it does not rely on the method for stratiform, need be after manufacturing yet the assembled layers linear element.Overcome the routine relation that relies on a plurality of dispersion layer structures between MEA layer and the bipolar plates.The present invention also expects a kind of design that has single fuel cell, and its gross area with respect to the fuel battery assembled device is opened its side.The present invention's expection forms the fuel cell of integrated morphology in single substrate by parallel manufacture method.
Particularly, can expect the porous substrate that is used for fuel cell, can spread with small driving force by this porous substrate reacting gas.Substrate can be a conduction or nonconducting.If conduction can expect to make at least a portion substrate insulation, this will make anode and negative electrode separate usually, this insulation can by with electrolyte with the formation of coming of anode and negative electrode branch, can add selectable insulation system element if desired.More specifically, this fuel cell expection comprises: the fuel chambers that (a) contains fuel; (b) contain the oxidant chamber of oxidant; (c) the porous substrate that communicates with this fuel chambers and this oxidant chamber, it also comprises top, bottom, first side and second side; (d) passage that uses this porous substrate to form, wherein this passage comprises first passage wall and second channel wall; (e) by the anode that first catalyst layer forms is set in the porous substrate on this first passage wall; (f) by the negative electrode that second catalyst layer forms is set in the porous substrate on this first passage wall; (g) electrolyte that at least a portion of this passage, is provided with and contacts with this negative electrode with this anode, thus can prevent that fuel is transported to this negative electrode and also can prevents that oxidant is transported to this anode; (h) be arranged on first coating on this porous substrate at least a portion, thereby can prevent that fuel from entering at least a portion of this porous substrate; (i) be arranged on second coating on this porous substrate at least a portion, thereby can prevent that oxidant from entering at least a portion of this porous substrate; (j) first sealing baffle that is provided with on this first side is at second sealing baffle that is provided with on this second side: (k) be located at positive electrical joint on this first side; (1) is located at the negative electricity joint of this second side; And the fuel cell that wherein makes can produce electric current to drive external loading.
With reference to Fig. 1, it is the cutaway view of one embodiment of the invention, and fuel cell 8 comprises the selectable fuel chambers 10 that contains fuel 11.Porous substrate 12 is adjacent with selectable fuel chambers 10.This fuel chambers can comprise selectable fuel chambers import 18.This fuel chambers also can comprise selectable fuel chambers outlet 20.The selectable oxidant chamber 16 of containing oxidant 13 is adjacent with this porous substrate 12.This oxidant chamber can comprise selectable oxidant chamber import 52.This oxidant chamber also can comprise selectable oxidant chamber outlet 54.If do not use oxidant chamber, this fuel cell utilizes surrounding environment as oxidizer source so.
This porous substrate 12 can be rectangle, square or square, or selectively, it can be irregular shape.In this embodiment, it is depicted as in a plane, although can predict non-planar substrate or multiple underlying structure.
The passage 14 that uses this porous substrate to form can be straight or design arbitrarily.If design arbitrarily, this passage is called " waveform " in this application so.If there are a plurality of passages, at least one passage is a waveform so.This passage 14 comprises first passage wall 22 and second channel wall 24.In addition, this porous substrate 12 comprises top 100, bottom 102, first side 104 and second side 106.
This passage can comprise waveform passage, straight channel or irregular passage.If waveform, this passage can be a sinusoidal so, and at least one described waveform passage is a sinusoidal, and if waveform, and this passage can be the shape in three planes at least so.
It is upward surperficial or selectively located therein that anode 28 is located at this first passage wall 22, although this anode also can be embedded in the conduit wall.This anode 28 is by using first catalyst layer 38 and be located at that this first passage wall 22 surfaces are gone up or wherein.
It is upward surperficial or selectively located therein that negative electrode 30 is located at this second channel wall 24.The same with this anode 28, this negative electrode 30 can be embedded in this second channel wall 24.Negative electrode 30 is to use second catalyst layer 40 and produces.
Fig. 1 a, Fig. 1 b and Fig. 1 c have illustrated the details of the negative electrode and the anode of fuel cell.Fig. 1 a shows the anode 28 of first degree of depth in this porous substrate 12, and Fig. 1 b shows the anode 28 of second degree of depth in this porous substrate 12, and Fig. 1 c shows negative electrode 30.
Catalyst layer can be deposited on the first passage wall, or is formed in this conduit wall.In one embodiment, this first catalyst layer and this second catalyst layer are arranged in this porous substrate and reach minimum-depth at least, thereby the generation catalytic activity, described minimum-depth is selected from: distance from described first passage wall to described first side and the distance from described second channel wall to described second side.
With reference to Fig. 1, electrolyte 32 is arranged in this passage 14.
First coating 34 is arranged at least a portion of this porous substrate 12, thereby prevents that fuel from entering at least a portion of this porous substrate 12.Second coating 36 is arranged at least a portion of this porous substrate 12, thereby prevents that oxidant from entering at least a portion of this porous substrate 12.
First sealing baffle 44 is located on first side of this porous substrate, and second sealing baffle 46 is located at second side of this porous substrate.Sealing baffle selectively is located in the sealing baffle passage 43.
Positive electrical joint 50 cooperates with this porous substrate 12 by first side of this porous substrate.
Negative electricity joint 48 cooperates with this porous substrate 12 by second side of this porous substrate.
Thereby the fuel cell that makes can produce electric current 56 and drive external loading 58.
Fig. 2 is another embodiment of the present invention, shows the fuel cell 108 that end is plugged, and particularly is fuel outlet 20 and the oxidant outlet 54 that does not comprise Fig. 1 embodiment.
In a kind of form of this embodiment of the present invention, can expect that the angle 76 that electrolyte 32 can be certain places this passage 14, preferably to place perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of these porous substrate 12 major parts or the angle of trunnion axis 74.
In Fig. 2, selectable strutting piece 26 separates first passage wall 22 and second channel wall 24, yet this strutting piece does not need to be present in each embodiment.In some selectable embodiment, can predict a plurality of strutting pieces shown in Fig. 2 a.Expect 1 and 50 or more a plurality of strutting piece herein.
Referring now to Fig. 2 a, fuel cell is expressed as solid fuel chamber 10 that has flow region 126 and the solid oxidizer chamber 16 that has flow region 126.Also can predict fuel chambers and comprise the permeable material that contains fuel.Oxidant chamber also can comprise permeable material.Being appreciated that does not need to build in the same manner fuel chambers and oxidant chamber, can use the combination of various oxidant chamber and fuel cell construction.Each all can comprise different shape fuel chambers and oxidant chamber, as circular, ellipse, rectangle or square.Be contemplated that especially fuel chambers is the cross section of rectangle.
Fig. 3 is the cutaway view of fuel 110 another embodiments of showing that end is plugged, and it does not comprise fuel inlet 18, fuel outlet 20, oxidant inlet 52 and the oxidant outlet 54 of Fig. 1 embodiment.Fig. 3 a shows the embodiment of the fuel cell that oxidant chamber 16 is all removed.In this embodiment, battery uses surrounding environment as oxidizer source.Fig. 3 b shows the embodiment of the fuel cell that fuel chambers 10 is all removed.In this structure, fuel cell uses the surrounding environment source that acts as a fuel.
Fig. 4 shows first fuel cell 66 that is formed in the substrate 12, and it is adjacent with second fuel cell 114 that is formed in second substrate 62.First and second fuel cells can be formed in a plurality of substrates, and perhaps as shown in Figure 5, this first fuel cell 66 and this second fuel cell 114 can form by produce a plurality of passages 14 in single substrate 12.
At Fig. 4, use the porous substrate that separates to form a plurality of fuel cell structures, then they are interconnected at sealing baffle 44 places, thereby form fuel battery layer.In this figure, first fuel cell 66 is connected with second fuel cell 114.A plurality of fuel cells can comprise that the mode of the fuel battery layer 64 of fuel-side 116 and oxidant side 118 links together by generation.Be readily appreciated that by the label in the reference Fig. 1 explanation and details among this figure therefore no longer describe herein in detail.
In this embodiment, can predict fuel cell can series, parallel or its compound mode connect, thereby make fuel battery layer produce electric current to drive external loading.
Fig. 4 a shows the fuel chambers unlimited fuel battery layer of environment towards periphery.But fuel chambers penetration material or have the solid material of flow region.Fuel chambers can be the square-section.Fig. 4 b shows oxidant chamber's unlimited fuel battery layer of environment towards periphery.In this figure, shown at least one the selectable strutting piece 26 at least one fuel cell.Fig. 4 c shows an embodiment of fuel battery layer, and wherein nearly 5000 batteries link together by mode shown in Figure 4.
In Fig. 5, in single porous substrate 12, formed same fuel cell structure.In this embodiment, a plurality of fuel cells form in this porous substrate by mode shown in Figure 1.Because fuel cell is formed in single substrate in this case, therefore do not need sealing baffle and the electrical connection relevant with each fuel cell.What be used to replace is, first sealing baffle 44 is located on first side of this porous substrate, and second sealing baffle 46 is located on second side of this porous substrate, and a plurality of the 3rd sealing baffles 45 are located between each fuel cell.Sealing baffle can provide gas impermeable dividing plate between the fuel cell in fuel battery layer.
Be appreciated that the same embodiment shown in a plurality of underlying structures among Fig. 4 a, Fig. 4 b and Fig. 4 c can be applicable in single underlying structure shown in Figure 5.
The combination of two fuel cells as the structure of Fig. 4 or the structure of Fig. 5, can be extended to the fuel cell of the combination with one another of placing any amount.In these two embodiments, the end of a plurality of structures seals with the sealing baffle 44 and second sealing baffle 46.In these two embodiments, negative electricity joint 48 is fixed in an end of a plurality of fuel cell modules, and positive electrical joint 50 is fixed in the other end of a plurality of fuel cell modules, thereby makes a plurality of fuel cell modules can drive the external electric load.
The combination of a plurality of fuel cells can make fuel battery layer 64, and it comprises the fuel-side relevant with fuel chambers 10 116 and the relevant oxidant side 118 with oxidant chamber 16.
If the base material formed thereon of the fuel cell in the fuel battery layer 64 conducts electricity, the electric current that so single fuel cell produces can directly flow by base material and sealing baffle 44, thereby produces the bipolar fuel cell structure in the fuel battery layer that forms.If the base material formed thereon of the fuel cell in the fuel battery layer is nonconducting, this first coating 34 and second coating 36 all should be made and be formed by electric conducting material so, thereby this first coating 34 can electrically contact with this anode 40, and this second coating 36 electrically contacts with this negative electrode 38 simultaneously.This first coating 34 and this second coating 36 also electrically contact with the sealing baffle 44 that conducts electricity.Under any situation, the electric current that is produced by fuel cell by conduction or nonconducting substrate can transfer to anodal and negative electricity joint.
But Fig. 5 a is the choice structure of fuel battery layer.In this structure, this first coating 34 is extended and the anode of first fuel cell is linked to each other with the negative electrode of second fuel cell.Similarly second coating 36 is extended and is contacted with the anode of first fuel cell.First coating of end and second coating of end can be used to the fuel cell of end is linked to each other with negative electricity joint 48 with positive electrical joint 50.In this structure, part first coating is a porous, thereby can make fuel arrive anode, and part second coating is a porous, thereby can make oxidant arrive negative electrode.In this structure, porous substrate and sealing baffle all need not be conduction.Also can predict only to have first coating to be extended, and electrically contacts thereby provide between battery, perhaps only has second coating to be extended, and electrically contacts thereby provide between battery.
When a plurality of fuel cells form fuel battery layer, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, obtain being electrically connected in series of single fuel cell.The total voltage of a plurality of fuel cells can produce electrical potential difference between the positive pole at the arbitrary end of fuel battery layer place and negative electricity joint.More a plurality of fuel cells can make fuel battery layer produce higher voltage between electric connection.Can use the combination in any of conduction or non-conductive substrate, baffle plate and lid, as long as between adjacent anode and negative electrode, can produce conductive path.The bipolar series that can realize integrated edge or each fuel cell in the fuel battery layer in such a way is electrically connected, and does not need different elements is clipped together, and need not use the independent laminar that forms.In addition, the flow direction of electric current all is in the plane of fuel battery layer in the fuel battery layer, rather than resembles most of current design and the fuel battery layer quadrature.Electricity can be predicted and can be electrically connected with the parallel connection of the fuel cell in the fuel battery layer or with series connection and compound mode in parallel.
Fig. 6 is the sectional axonometric drawing of fuel battery layer 64.In this figure, first fuel cell 66 separates by sealing baffle 44 with second fuel cell 114.The 3rd fuel cell 115 separates by another sealing baffle 44 with second fuel cell 114.The structure of this layer and Fig. 4 and shown in Figure 5 layer is identical.Fuel battery layer 64 can contain a plurality of sealing baffles and battery as required.Spacing in the fuel battery layer between the single fuel cell depends on designer's judgement, and is subjected to the restriction of mass transfer in actual manufacturing capacity and the porous substrate.
The general structure of fuel battery layer 64 makes single fuel cell series connect.Positive electrical joint 50 makes external loading to be connected with fuel battery layer with negative electricity joint 48, and it can produce voltage, and this voltage is the single battery voltage in a plurality of fuel battery layers.
Fig. 7 is the figure of the fuel battery layer 64 similar to Fig. 6, but each fuel cell 8 comprises passage 14 in this figure, and it is not straight structure.In addition, same with Fig. 6, Fig. 7 is utilization and Fig. 4 and same structure shown in Figure 5 basically, but repeats repeatedly to make many battery structures.The straight structure of passage can improve the anode that is formed on the conduit wall and the electro-chemical activity area of negative electrode.This not straight channel can be a level and smooth waveform or similar to known irregular structure path with high area irregularly shaped.But thereby can use the electrode area of each fuel cell of channel design optimization arbitrarily among the present invention.Embodiment preferred comprises a plurality of thin passages, and they extend parallel to each other and carry out along irregular path, and can be by folding its body body of the mode that enlightened by irregular pattern.Another embodiment preferred of the present invention comprises at least one passage in three planes at least.
Fig. 8 shows the stereogram of the cylindrical form 250 of a plurality of fuel battery layers.In this form, to form fuel battery layer 64, it surrounds space 210 with a plurality of nonplanar fuel cell 208 combinations.The space 210 that surrounds can be used as fuel chambers, the oxidant of the environment of outside batteries supply simultaneously.Also can predict space 210 that fuel can surround by the environment supply of cylinder outside as oxidant chamber.Columniform fuel cell 250 can form by the method for assembled battery among Fig. 5 by using columniform single porous substrate, or forms by the method for assembled battery among Fig. 4 by forming columniform a plurality of porous substrate.
Fig. 8 a is the cutaway view of fuel cell 208 on-plane surface forms.This fuel cell comprises fuel chambers 10 that has fuel inlet 18 and fuel outlet 20 and the oxidant chamber 16 that has oxidant inlet 52 and oxidant outlet 54.Nonplanar porous substrate 212 communicates with this fuel chambers 10 and this oxidant chamber 16.Passage 14 is formed in this nonplanar porous substrate 212.This passage 14 comprises described by Fig. 1 and anode 40 and negative electrode 38 that make, and fills with electrolyte 32.Fuel cell comprises strutting piece 26, first coating 34 and second coating 36.Negative electricity connector 48 is approaching with sealing baffle 44.Positive electrical connector 50 and selectable sealing baffle 46 are approaching.
Although in the drawings, show with camber line and the nonplanar structure of fuel cell can use structure arbitrarily.Identical with the fuel cell of Fig. 1, non-planar fuel cell can form the non-planar fuel cell layer with a plurality of battery combination, and can use the fuel chambers and the selectable oxidant chamber of various structures.
Fig. 9 shows the cutaway view of the fuel cell of cylindrical form.In this case, non-planar substrate 212 is made the form of cylinder to surround space 210.Fuel cell in this figure contains fuel 11 in the space 210 that surrounds, thereby can be with the fuel supply fuel cell.In this structure, the surrounding environment of outside batteries supply oxidant.Also can predict in the space 210 that oxidant can be contained in encirclement, and the surrounding environment fuel supplying.
Figure 10 is another embodiment of cylindrical fuel battery 251, it comprise radial arrangement and with the passage 14 of the non-planar fuel cell 208 of cylindrical axle quadrature.Be appreciated that the fuel cell 208 among the figure can be by configuration shown in Figure 4 or assembling, perhaps they also can be formed in the single cylindrical base shown in Figure 5.
Figure 11 is another embodiment of cylindrical fuel battery 252, and it comprises the passage 14 of the non-planar fuel cell that is provided with around the cylinder with bending or spiral way.Although in this figure, only show single helical duct 14, be to use the porous substrate to form to have a plurality of fuel cells of a plurality of passages.
Can surround the space although only there is cylindrical battery to be shown, other shape that can predict the object of rectangle, square, olive shape, triangle and other non-extrusion shapes such as circular cone, pyramid such as extruding, football-shaped herein and can surround the space can be used as a part of the present invention.
Figure 12 is the sectional block diagram of double-deck fuel battery layer structure 254, it comprises two fuel battery layers, first fuel battery layer 64 and second fuel battery layer, 112 each layer all comprise anode-side and cathode side, wherein this first fuel battery layer 64 overlays the top of second fuel battery layer 112, thereby the anode-side 264 of this first fuel battery layer links to each other with the anode-side 268 of this second fuel battery layer.
In Figure 12, sealing strip 130 is located between this first fuel battery layer and second fuel battery layer, thereby forms fuel chambers 124.Two positive electrical connector lugs link to each other with anodal connector 120, and two negative electricity connector lugs link to each other with negative pole connector 122, thereby single fuel battery layer connects with the structure of electricity parallel connection now.The assembly that obtains is double-deck fuel battery layer structure 254, and it comprises top 70 and bottom 72, and top and bottom are the cathode sides of each fuel battery layer.The structure that obtains is to surround the ventilative fuel cell of air, can realize in each fuel battery layer single fuel cell be electrically connected in series and the parallel connection of two fuel battery layers is electrically connected.Only have fuel requirement to be added to the inside of this structure, and electric current can be in two fuel battery layers flows in any.In this structure, except positive electrical joint and negative electricity joint arbitrary end parallel connection of fuel battery layer, be not electrically connected between these two fuel battery layers.
Also can predict fuel battery layer can the anticathode mode of negative electrode place, thereby produces the shared chamber that is filled with oxidant.In this structure, fuel cell sandwich is used the surrounding environment source that acts as a fuel.
Although various materials can be used as porous substrate of the present invention, the material that is fit to is an electric conducting material.Be applicable among the present invention such as material expections such as the organic material of metal foam, graphite, graphite composite, compound, the recovery of compound, pottery and the glass of phenolic resins, carbon cloth, carbon foam, carbon sol, pottery, ceramic complexes, carbon and the polymer of compound, the enhancing of polytetrafluoroethylene, crystalline polymer, the crystalline polymer of one deck silicon wafer, sintering at least and combinations thereof.
The passage expection can comprise nearly 50 selectable strutting pieces that are used for the split tunnel wall.This passage expection can be formed in the porous substrate.Passage can be by cutting, ablation, mold pressing, etching, extruding, embossing, lamination, inlay, melt or technology such as its combination forms.This passage can be a waveform or at least in three planes.
Strutting piece can be positioned at the end of passage, as top or the bottom that forms, is positioned at the middle part of passage, or places with the certain angle with respect to channel center.Can expect that this strutting piece can be an insulating material.If the use insulating material can expect that so silicon, graphite, graphite composite, polytetrafluoroethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, crystalline polymer, crystalline copolymer, crosslinked polymer, timber and combination thereof can be used among the present invention.
With regard to size, this channel height can for 1 nanometer to 10cm, width can for 1 nanometer to 1mm, length can be 1 nanometer to 100 meter.
The present invention selectively the expection of the single fuel cell in fuel battery layer can produce about 0.25 volt to about 4 volts voltage.1～5000 fuel cell expection can be used in the fuel battery layer in this design, yet in preferred embodiments, fuel battery layer comprises 75～150 continuous fuel cells.Can expect that this fuel battery layer can produce 0.25 volt to 2500 volts voltage.Have more multichannel fuel cell and can produce higher voltage.
The aqueous solution that it is pure hydrogen, the gas that contains hydrogen, formic acid that the present invention can be designed to fuel, contain ammonia, methyl alcohol, ethanol and sodium borohydride and its combination.The present invention can be designed to air or its combination that oxidant is purity oxygen, the gas that contains oxygen, air, oxygen rich air.
Be applicable to that the electrolyte among the present invention can be gel, liquid or solid material.Expect that various material applicatory comprises: contain sulfonic (per) fluoropolymer, pH and be at most 4 acidic aqueous solution, pH greater than 7 aqueous alkali and combination thereof.Described electrolyte is deposited in the described different passage by the method that comprises pressure injection, vacuum forming, heat embossing and combination thereof.In addition, can expect that dielectric substrate thickness can be 1 nanometer to 1.0mm, or selectively simply fill each waveform passage and very close to each other from first wall to second wall.
Use is made fuel cell in suprabasil first coating of porous and second coating.But these coating same material or non-same material.At least one deck coating can be polymer coating, epoxy compounds, polytetrafluoroethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, its copolymer, its crosslinked polymer, conducting metal or its combination.Selectively, first or second coating can comprise thin metal layer, as the alloy coat of gold, platinum, aluminium, tin, these or other metal or metallic combination.
Can expect and be applicable to that first and second catalyst layers among the present invention can be noble metals, contain the combination of alloy, platinum, platinum alloy, ruthenium, ruthenium alloy and these materials of noble metal.Can expect that the ternary alloy three-partalloy that contains at least a noble metal is suitable for producing voltage preferably.Platinum-ruthenium alloy and platinum are also expected and are applicable among the present invention.Every layer of catalyst layer should comprise the catalyst heap(ed) capacity, and wherein every layer of catalyst consumption can be different.
First and second catalyst layers place this porous substrate with the minimum at least degree of depth, thereby produce catalytic activity.This porous substrate is connected with fuel chambers, thereby further becomes trunnion axis.Place the electrolyte of passage to place with angle perpendicular to trunnion axis.But this porous substrate flat shape, can surround the shape in space or cylindrical.This porous substrate also can be an electric conducting material.
Selectable sealing baffle material expection can be silicon, epoxy compounds, polypropylene, polyethylene, polybutene, its copolymer, its compound or its combination.
A kind of method expection for preparing fuel cell comprises the steps:
A. form the porous substrate, it comprises top and bottom, first side and second side;
B. use at least a portion of the first coating top coating;
C. apply at least a portion of bottom with second coating;
D. use this porous substrate to form passage, wherein this passage comprises first passage wall and second channel wall;
E. form anode by deposition first catalyst layer on this first passage wall;
F. form negative electrode by deposition second catalyst layer on this second channel wall;
G., the electrolyte that contacts with this negative electrode with this anode is set at least a portion of this passage;
H. the positive electrical joint of an end and first side of this porous substrate are fixed, the negative electricity joint of an end and second side of this porous substrate are fixed;
I. fuel chambers and this porous substrate is fixing to form fuel cell;
J. oxidant chamber and this porous substrate are fixed;
K. at least a portion along this fuel cell is provided with sealing baffle; And
L. in this fuel chambers of fuel being packed into, oxidant is packed in this oxidant chamber.
Described operating sequence can change on demand, and step can make up, with the needs that satisfy certain material and used manufacture method.In addition, this method can form 1 to 250 or more passage in this porous substrate.
The another kind of method expection for preparing fuel cell comprises the steps: among the present invention
A. as required before this porous substrate and this fuel chambers is fixing the step a of repetition said method to step h many times to form at least one other fuel cell;
B. the porous substrate at sealing baffle place and the fuel cell that at least one is other are fixed at its sealing baffle place, forming fuel battery layer and to extend fuel battery layer, thereby fuel cell that will form in addition and fuel battery layer are fixed at sealing baffle place separately;
C. positive electrical joint and the negative electricity joint with fuel battery layer is fixed together;
D. the fuel cell and the fuel chambers that connect are fixed; And
E. the fuel cell and the oxidant chamber that connect are fixed.
The positive electrical joint of the fuel cell in the fuel battery layer can be connected by the mode of series, parallel or series connection and combination in parallel with the negative electricity joint.
The another kind of method expection for preparing fuel cell comprises the steps:
A. form the porous substrate, it comprises top and bottom, first side and second side;
B. use at least a portion of the first coating top coating;
C. apply at least a portion of bottom with second coating;
D. use this porous substrate to form a plurality of different passages, wherein each different passage comprises first passage wall and second channel wall;
E. form a plurality of anodes by a plurality of first catalyst layers of deposition on this first passage wall;
F. form a plurality of negative electrodes by a plurality of second catalyst layers of deposition on this second channel wall;
G. at least a portion of each different passage, electrolyte is set;
H., first sealing baffle is set at least a portion of this first side;
I., second sealing baffle is set at least a portion of this second side;
J. between different passages, form a plurality of the 3rd sealing baffles, thereby in this porous substrate, produce a plurality of independently fuel cells adjacent one another are;
K. first side of positive electrical joint and this porous substrate is fixed;
L. second side of negative electricity joint and this porous substrate is fixed;
M. with fuel cell anode electric connection and each independently fuel cell fix;
N. with fuel cell negative electricity joint and each independently fuel cell fix, thereby form fuel battery layer; And
O. at least a portion along this fuel battery layer is provided with sealing baffle.
In above-mentioned any method, can use multiple diverse ways to form this porous substrate.Layer, mold pressing, extruding or its combination could be toasted, cut to this porous substrate then by casting from preformed brick shape thing method forms.The porous substrate that forms can be on-plane surface maybe can surround the space.
Above-mentioned any method also can comprise any additional step.Can be increased in the step of coated substrate top and bottom this porous substrate of mask before.Can be increased in the step of inserting strutting piece between first passage wall and the second channel wall.Optionally remove the step that is deposited on a part of coating on top and the bottom before can being increased in the adding electrolyte.Can be increased in the described porous substrate and to form 1 to 250 or the step of more passage.
Methods such as the step that forms different passages can be embossing, ablation, etching, extruding, lamination, inlay, fusing, mold pressing, cutting or its combination.Etching can be laser-induced thermal etching, dark reactive ion etching or alkali etching.
Independently the fuel cell anode electric connection of fuel cell and fuel cell negative electricity joint can be connected by series, parallel or series connection and the mode that makes up in parallel in the fuel battery layer.
If one deck coating deposits with film deposition techniques at least, so this technology comprises sputter, electroless plating, plating, welding, physical vapour deposition (PVD) and chemical vapour deposition (CVD).If one deck coating is the epoxy compounds coating at least, so this coating can be arranged in the substrate by being selected from following method: silk screen printing, ink jet printing, scraper coating, splash rifle deposition, vacuum bagging and combination thereof.When coating being coated in the porous substrate, also can use mask.If desired, before adding electrolyte, can remove partial coating.
This porous substrate can be by casting baking then, cut thin layer, mold pressing, extruding from preformed brick shape thing forms.Before forming each different passage, this porous substrate can form non-planar.Before forming each different passage, this porous substrate also can form the shape of surrounding the space.
The present invention also provides the microstructure that has fuel battery layer fuel cell system.Fuel battery layer comprises anode-side, cathode side, positive terminal and negative pole end.At least one surface is between positive terminal and negative pole end, and at least one electronic system is located on this at least one surface.
Electronic system is portable phone, PDA, satellite phone, kneetop computer, portable DVD player, portable CD game machine, Portable, personal nursing electronic equipment, portable suspension rod box, portable television, radar, radio transmitter, radar detector or its combination.The electric current that the fuel battery layer that system is mounted thereon produces is to the electronic system supplying power.Electronic system also provides miscellaneous function to fuel battery operation.Miscellaneous function comprises fuel battery performance detection, Fuel Cell Control, fuel cell detection, optimum fuel cell performance, fuel battery performance record or its combination.In each side of fuel battery layer electronic system more than one can be installed.
The present invention also provides a plurality of fuel battery layer structures that have fuel battery layer.First fuel battery layer overlays the top of second fuel battery layer, thereby the anode-side of this first fuel battery layer links to each other with the anode-side of second fuel battery layer.The 3rd fuel battery layer overlays on this second fuel battery layer, thereby the cathode side of the 3rd fuel battery layer links to each other with the cathode side of this second fuel battery layer, thereby forms battery pack with adjacent fuel battery layer.Other then fuel battery layer can by similar mode be located at this first, second and the 3rd fuel battery layer on.This first fuel battery layer overlays the second fuel battery layer top makes the anode-side of this first fuel battery layer form double-deck fuel battery layer structure when linking to each other formation bilayer cells group with the anode-side of second fuel battery layer.
A plurality of fuel beds and bilayer cells floor structure also comprise at least one between the adjacent fuel cell floor with the sealing strip that forms at least one chamber, the negative pole connector that is used to connect the anodal connector of battery pack and external loading and is used to be connected battery pack and external loading.When supply of fuel during, produce electric current to drive external loading to the anode-side of a plurality of fuel battery layers and cathode side that oxidant is supplied to a plurality of fuel battery layers.
In another embodiment, these a plurality of fuel battery layer structures or bilayer cells layer structure also comprise the flow region at least one at least one fuel battery layer that is formed on battery pack.This flow region can be by cutting, ablation, mold pressing, embossing, etching, lamination, inlay, melt or formation such as its combination.
Chamber in the fuel battery layer structure can be fuel chambers, oxidant chamber or its combination.Positive terminal and negative pole end can be connected in series between anodal connector and the negative pole connector, or the two combination in parallel with anodal connector and negative pole connector.
Fuel cell of the present invention can use in the following way: at first, fuels sources is linked to each other with the fuel chambers import; Secondly, the fuel chambers outlet is linked to each other with egr controller; The 3rd, oxidant chamber's import is linked to each other with oxidizer source; The 4th, oxidant chamber's outlet is linked to each other with flow system; The 5th, the positive electrical joint is linked to each other with external loading with the negative electricity joint; The 6th, make fuel and oxidant flow into import; And last, with the current drives load of fuel cell generation.
If use the terminal fuel cell of blocking form, operation is simpler so.At first, fuel inlet is linked to each other with fuels sources; Secondly oxidant inlet is linked to each other with oxidizer source; The 3rd, the positive electrical joint is linked to each other with external loading with the negative electricity joint; And last, with the current drives load of fuel cell generation.
Method of the present invention also can be included in fuel and oxidant packs into behind separately the chamber the step of chamber export and import sealing, thus the terminal fuel cell of blocking of preparation.Use the positive electrical joint fuel cell to be linked to each other with external loading then, thereby drive load with the negative electricity joint.
Can predict can use any fuel and oxidant inlet and outlet in the present invention combination with operation of fuel cells.
Though describe the present invention in detail in conjunction with some preferred embodiment of the present invention, be appreciated that within the scope of the present invention and can make changes and modifications.

Claims (102)

1. fuel cell, it comprises:
A. the fuel chambers that contains fuel;
B. the oxidant chamber of containing oxidant;
C. the porous substrate that communicates with described fuel chambers and described oxidant chamber, it also comprises top, bottom, first side and second side;
D. the passage that uses described porous substrate to form, wherein said passage comprises first passage wall and second channel wall;
E. the anode that forms by first catalyst layer that in the described porous substrate of described first passage wall, is provided with;
F. the negative electrode that forms by second catalyst layer that in the described porous substrate of described second channel wall, is provided with;
G. the electrolyte that at least a portion of described passage, is provided with and contact with described negative electrode with described anode, thus can prevent that fuel is transported to described negative electrode and also can prevents that oxidant is transported to described anode;
H. be arranged on first coating on described porous substrate at least a portion, thereby can prevent that fuel from entering at least a portion of described porous substrate;
I. be arranged on second coating on described porous substrate at least a portion, thereby can prevent that oxidant from entering at least a portion of described porous substrate;
J. at first sealing baffle that is provided with on described first side and second sealing baffle that on described second side, is provided with;
K. be located at the positive electrical joint on described first side; And
L. be located at the negative electricity joint of described second side; And
The fuel cell that wherein makes can produce electric current to drive external loading.
2. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the described anode that forms from described first catalyst layer is located in the described porous substrate of described first passage wall; Reach from the described negative electrode of described second catalyst layer formation and be located in the described porous substrate of described second channel wall.
3. fuel cell as claimed in claim 2, wherein said first catalyst layer and described second catalyst layer are arranged in the described porous substrate and reach minimum-depth, thereby the generation catalytic activity, described minimum-depth is selected from: distance from described first passage wall to described first side and the distance from described second channel wall to described second side.
4. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, the described relatively anode of wherein said first sealing baffle is arranged on described first side, and the described relatively negative electrode of described second sealing baffle is arranged on described second side.
5. fuel cell as claimed in claim 4, wherein said fuel cell also comprises ball valve mechanism, described ball valve mechanism comprises:
Be located at movably in the described anchor ring in order to control the control device of described ball activity;
Be located in the described ball valve movably and the tubular piston that can longitudinally stretch, described tubular piston links to each other with described control device, is used for respect to described control signal described tubular piston being extended; And
Fluid port can selectively add or discharge by the fluid of described port from the remote source pressurization of tubular bracket top, thereby the valve closure element is moved between the state of open and close.
6. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein said passage are formed in the described porous substrate.
7. fuel cell as claimed in claim 6, wherein said passage is by being selected from cutting, ablation, mold pressing, etching, extruding, embossing, lamination, inlaying, melt and the technology of its combination forms.
8. fuel cell as claimed in claim 6, wherein said fuel cell comprise protrusion spherical segment and recessed spherical segment, and protrude the radius of curvature of spherical segment and the radius of curvature coupling of recessed spherical segment, thereby allow the nested cooperation of each section.
9. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein said passage is a waveform.
10. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein said passage are at least in three planes.
11. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein said oxidant are selected from purity oxygen, contain air and its combination of the gas of oxygen, air, oxygen rich air.
12. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fuel are selected from pure hydrogen, contain the gas of hydrogen, formic acid, contain the aqueous solution of ammonia, methyl alcohol, ethanol and sodium borohydride and its combination.
13. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein said porous substrate is a planar shaped.
14. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein said porous substrate are the shapes of surrounding the space.
15. fuel cell as claimed in claim 14, wherein said porous shapes of substrates is cylindrical.
16. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein said porous substrate is an electric conducting material.
17. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein said porous substrate are selected from metal foam, graphite, graphite composite, the compound, the organic material and the combination thereof of recovery of compound, pottery and the glass of phenolic resins, carbon cloth, carbon foam, carbon sol, pottery, ceramic complexes, carbon and the polymer of compound, the enhancing of polytetrafluoroethylene, crystalline polymer, the crystalline polymer of one deck silicon wafer, sintering at least.
18. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, also comprise the strutting piece of being located between described first passage wall and the described second channel wall, described strutting piece is selected from silicon, graphite, graphite composite, polytetrafluoroethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, crystalline polymer, crystalline copolymer, crosslinked polymer, timber and combination thereof.
19. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 also comprises the fuel chambers outlet that links to each other with described fuel chambers.
20. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 also comprises the fuel chambers import that links to each other with described fuel chambers.
21. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 also comprises the oxidant chamber's import that communicates with described oxidant chamber.
22. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 also comprises the oxidant chamber's outlet that communicates with described oxidant chamber.
23. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fuel chambers comprises permeable material.
24. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fuel chambers comprises the solid material that has flow region.
25. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fuel chambers environment towards periphery open wide.
26. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein said electrolyte are selected from and contain sulfonic (per) fluoropolymer, pH and be at most 4 acidic aqueous solution, pH greater than 7 aqueous alkali and combination thereof.
27. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first coating is identical with described second coating material.
28. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first coating is different with described second coating material.
29. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the described coating of one deck is selected from epoxy compounds, polytetrafluoroethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, its copolymer, its crosslinked polymer, conducting metal and combination thereof at least.
30. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the described catalyst layer of one deck is selected from noble metal, contains alloy, platinum, platinum alloy, ruthenium, ruthenium alloy and the combination thereof of noble metal at least.
31. fuel cell as claimed in claim 30, wherein the described catalyst layer of one deck comprises the ternary alloy three-partalloy that contains at least a noble metal at least.
32. fuel cell as claimed in claim 30, wherein the described catalyst layer of one deck comprises platinum at least.
33. fuel cell as claimed in claim 30, wherein the described catalyst layer of one deck comprises platinum-ruthenium alloy at least.
34. fuel cell as claimed in claim 30, wherein its catalyst heap(ed) capacity of the described catalyst layer of one deck is different from another layer catalyst layer at least.
35. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, it highly is 1 nanometer to 10cm for wherein said passage, width be 1 nanometer to 1mm, length is 1 nanometer to 100 meter.
36. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fuel cell can produce 0.25 volt to 4 volts voltage.
37. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fuel chambers has the square-section.
38. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the described porous substrate that is connected with described fuel chambers also comprises trunnion axis, and the described electrolyte that places described passage is to place perpendicular to the certain angle of described trunnion axis.
39. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein said oxidant chamber comprises permeable material.
40. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein said oxidant chamber comprises the solid material that has flow region.
41. fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein said oxidant chamber environment towards periphery opens wide.
42. a fuel battery layer that is used to connect external loading, it comprises at least two fuel cells as claimed in claim 1.
43. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 42, wherein the described anode that forms from described first catalyst layer is located in the described porous substrate of described first passage wall; Reach from the described negative electrode of described second catalyst layer formation and be located in the described porous substrate of described second channel wall.
44. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 42, wherein said first catalyst layer and described second catalyst layer are deposited in the described porous substrate with minimum-depth at least, thereby produce catalytic activity.
45. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 42, wherein said passage are formed in the described porous substrate.
46. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 45, wherein said passage is by being selected from cutting, ablation, mold pressing, etching, extruding, embossing, lamination, inlaying, melt and the technology of its combination forms.
47. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 42, wherein at least one described passage is a waveform.
48. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 42, wherein said passage are the shapes in three planes at least.
49. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 42, wherein at least one described fuel cell also is selected from: be located at the strutting piece between described first passage wall and the described second channel wall, described strutting piece comprises silicon, graphite, graphite composite, polytetrafluoroethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, crystalline polymer, crystalline copolymer, timber and combination thereof.
50. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 42, wherein at least one described fuel cell comprises being selected from and contains sulfonic (per) fluoropolymer, pH and be at most 4 the acidic aqueous solution and the electrolyte of combination thereof greater than 7 aqueous alkali, pH.
51. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 42, wherein the described coating of one deck is selected from epoxy compounds, polytetrafluoroethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, its copolymer, its crosslinked polymer, conducting metal and combination thereof at least.
52. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 42, wherein the described catalyst layer of one deck is selected from noble metal, contains alloy, platinum, platinum alloy, ruthenium, ruthenium alloy and the combination thereof of noble metal at least.
53. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 52, wherein the described catalyst layer of one deck comprises the ternary alloy three-partalloy that contains at least a noble metal at least.
54. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 52, wherein the described catalyst layer of one deck comprises platinum at least.
55. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 52, wherein the described catalyst layer of one deck comprises platinum-ruthenium alloy at least.
56. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 52, wherein its catalyst heap(ed) capacity of the described catalyst layer of one deck is different from another layer catalyst layer at least.
57. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 42, wherein at least one described passage its highly be 1 nanometer to 10cm, width be 1 nanometer to 1mm, length is 1 nanometer to 100 meter.
58. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 42, wherein each fuel battery layer can produce 0.25 volt to 2500 volts voltage.
59. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 42, wherein said fuel battery layer comprise 1～5000 fuel cell.
60. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 59, wherein said fuel battery layer comprise 75～150 fuel cells.
61. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 42, wherein at least one described porous substrate is a planar shaped.
62. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 42, wherein said a plurality of fuel cells are the shapes of surrounding the space.
63. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 42, the described shape of wherein said a plurality of fuel cells is cylindrical.
64. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 51, wherein at least one described porous substrate is an electric conducting material.
65. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 42, wherein at least one described porous substrate is selected from metal foam, graphite, graphite composite, the compound, the organic material and the combination thereof of recovery of compound, pottery and the glass of phenolic resins, carbon cloth, carbon foam, carbon sol, pottery, ceramic complexes, carbon and the polymer of compound, the enhancing of polytetrafluoroethylene, crystalline polymer, the crystalline polymer of one deck silicon wafer, sintering at least.
66. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 42, wherein at least one described fuel cell comprises first coating and second coating of same material.
67. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 42, wherein at least one described fuel cell comprises first coating and second coating of different materials.
68. fuel battery layer as claimed in claim 42, wherein its catalyst heap(ed) capacity of the described catalyst layer of one deck is different from other catalyst layer at least.
69. a method for preparing fuel battery layer comprises the steps:
A. form the porous substrate, it comprises top and bottom, first side and second side;
B. use at least a portion of the first coating top coating;
C. apply at least a portion of bottom with second coating;
D. use described porous substrate to form a plurality of different passages, wherein each different passage comprises first passage wall and second channel wall;
E. form a plurality of anodes by a plurality of first catalyst layers of deposition on described first passage wall;
F. form a plurality of negative electrodes by a plurality of second catalyst layers of deposition on described second channel wall;
G. at least a portion of each different passage, electrolyte is set;
H., first sealing baffle is set at least a portion of described first side;
I., second sealing baffle is set at least a portion of described second side;
J. between different passages, form a plurality of the 3rd sealing baffles, thereby in described porous substrate, produce a plurality of independently fuel cells adjacent one another are;
K. first side of positive electrical joint and described porous substrate is fixed;
L. second side of negative electricity joint and described porous substrate is fixed;
M. with fuel cell anode electric connection and each independently fuel cell fix;
N. with fuel cell negative electricity joint and each independently fuel cell fix, thereby form fuel battery layer; And
O. at least a portion along described fuel battery layer is provided with sealing baffle.
70. as the described method of claim 69, wherein said porous substrate is by casting, baking formation then.
71. as the described method of claim 69, wherein said porous substrate forms by cut layer from preformed brick shape thing.
72. as the described method of claim 69, wherein said porous substrate prepares by compression molding.
73. as the described method of claim 69, described porous substrate prepares by extrusion modling.
74. as the described method of claim 69, wherein before forming each different passage, described porous substrate forms non-planar shaped.
75. as the described method of claim 69, wherein before forming each different passage, described porous substrate forms the shape of surrounding the space.
76., also comprise described first coating used and the different material of described second coating as the described method of claim 69.
77., also comprise described first coating used and the described second coating identical materials as the described method of claim 69.
78. as the described method of claim 69, wherein said first coating and second coating are selected from conducting metal, epoxy compounds, polytetrafluoroethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, its copolymer, its crosslinked polymer and combination thereof.
79. as the described method of claim 78, wherein said coating is a metal coating, described metal coating is arranged on the described top by Film forming method.
80. as the described method of claim 79, wherein said Film forming method comprises sputter, electroless plating, plating, welding, physical vapour deposition (PVD) and chemical vapour deposition (CVD).
81. as the described method of claim 78, wherein said coating is the epoxy compounds coating, and described epoxy compounds coating is arranged on the described top by the method that is selected from silk screen printing, ink jet printing, scraper coating, splash rifle deposition, vacuum bagging and combination thereof.
82., also be included in the step that applies described base top and the bottom described porous substrate of mask before as the described method of claim 69.
83., also be included in the step of inserting strutting piece between each described first passage wall and the described second channel wall as the described method of claim 69.
84., also be included in the described electrolyte of adding and optionally remove the step that is deposited on a part of coating on top and the bottom before as the described method of claim 69.
85., also be included in formation 1 to 250 or more passage in the described porous substrate as the described method of claim 69.
86. as the described method of claim 69, the step of the described different passages of wherein said formation be selected from embossing, ablation, etching, extruding, lamination, inlay, the method for fusing, mold pressing, cutting and combination thereof.
87. as the described method of claim 86, wherein said etching is the method that is selected from laser-induced thermal etching, dark reactive ion etching and alkali etching.
88., also comprise the material that is selected from silicon, epoxy compounds, metal, polypropylene, polyethylene, polybutene, its copolymer, its compound or its combination that is used for described sealing baffle as the described method of claim 69.
89., also comprise the material that is selected from silicon, graphite, graphite composite, polytetrafluoroethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, crystalline polymer, crystalline copolymer, crosslinked polymer, timber and combination thereof that is used for described strutting piece as the described method of claim 88.
90., also comprise using to be selected from and contain sulfonic (per) fluoropolymer, pH and be at most 4 the acidic aqueous solution and the electrolyte of combination thereof greater than 7 aqueous alkali, pH as the described method of claim 69.
91. as the described method of claim 89, wherein said electrolyte is deposited in the described different passage by the method that comprises pressure injection, vacuum forming, heat embossing and combination thereof.
92. as the described method of claim 69, wherein said first catalyst layer and described second catalyst layer deposition reach minimum-depth, thereby produce catalytic activity.
93. as the described method of claim 69, the wherein said step that deposits first and second catalyst layers on conduit wall is used in the step that forms first and second catalyst layers in the conduit wall and replaces.
94., wherein form described anode and described negative electrode step and comprise and use noble metal, the alloy that contains noble metal, platinum, platinum alloy, ruthenium, ruthenium alloy and combination thereof from described first and second catalyst layers as the described method of claim 69.
95. as the described method of claim 69, wherein each described different passage comprises waveform passage, straight channel and irregular passage.
96. as the described method of claim 95, wherein at least one described waveform passage is a sinusoidal.
97. as the described method of claim 95, wherein at least one described straight channel is a linear.
98. as the described method of claim 95, wherein at least one described irregular passage is the shape in three planes at least.
99. as the described method of claim 69, the step of the described porous substrate of wherein said formation comprises using and is selected from following material: metal foam, graphite, graphite composite, the compound, the organic material and the combination thereof of recovery of compound, pottery and the glass of phenolic resins, carbon cloth, carbon foam, carbon sol, pottery, ceramic complexes, carbon and the polymer of compound, the enhancing of polytetrafluoroethylene, crystalline polymer, the crystalline polymer of one deck silicon wafer, sintering at least.
100. as the described method of claim 69, wherein the described fuel cell anode electric connection of the described independently fuel cell in fuel battery layer and described fuel cell negative electricity joint are connected in series.
101. as the described method of claim 69, wherein the described fuel cell anode electric connection of the described fuel cell in fuel battery layer and described fuel cell negative electricity joint are connected in parallel.
102. as the described method of claim 69, wherein the described fuel cell anode electric connection of the described fuel cell in fuel battery layer is connected with compound mode in parallel with series connection with described fuel cell negative electricity joint.
CNB03803428XA 2002-02-06 2003-02-05 Apparatus of high power density fuel cell layer with micro structured components Expired - Fee Related CN100358177C (en)

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