CN100357202C - Liquid flow type capacitance pretreatment method for sea water desalination - Google Patents
Liquid flow type capacitance pretreatment method for sea water desalination Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4691—Capacitive deionisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a liquid flow type capacitance pretreatment method for seawater desalination, which belongs to the field of seawater desalination treatment. The pretreatment method of the present invention is provided with a plurality of preprocessors. The present invention concretely comprises the technological steps: seawater orderly passes through a medium filtering unit, a carbon filtering unit, a fine filtration unit, an ultrafiltration unit and a nanometer filtration membrane unit; finally, the supplied water which conforms to the requirement of a liquid flow type capacitance seawater desalination device is obtained. The method of the present invention has the advantages that most of hardness ions in seawater can be removed; the problem of scale formation of seawater desalination equipment is solved; the service life of the seawater desalination equipment is extended; the water inflow concentration of the liquid flow type capacitance seawater desalination device is reduced; the treatment efficiency of the seawater desalination equipment is greatly improved; simultaneously, the water treating rate is greatly increased; the seawater desalination cost is further reduced.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of pretreatment process that is used for the sea water desaltination of liquid-flowing capacitor method, belong to the sea water desaltination process field.
Background technology:
The current shortage of fresh water problem that become international, at present, the world has 500,000,000 people not drink clean water, will explode 5 times to this numeral in 2025, reaches 2,800,000,000, accounts for and estimates 35% of global population 8,000,000,000 when the time comes.The water shortage problem terms of settlement has the water detection of continuation, long-range water transfer, waste water reclamation and formulation water saving etc.Yet utilize
Modern technologies are opened up new water source on a large scale, and sea water desaltination has become a kind of valid approach.In fact this has become global inexorable trend.Because becoming increasingly conspicuous of water resources crisis, most countries all has been involved in desalination technology ground trend directly, indirectly.
Sea water desaltination claims sea water desalinization again, and it is to remove salinity in the seawater and the technological process that makes it to desalinate by device and equipment.Existing method for desalting seawater mainly contains distillation method (multistage flash evaporation MSF, multistage evaporation MED and calm the anger distillation VC) and embrane method (reverse osmosis SWRO and electrodialysis ED), and FTC (flow-through capacitor) sea water desalination method mentioned such as patent US5538611, US6413409, US5547581 (this method we patent applied for) at home.Sea water desalinating plant develops to improving unit throughput direction at present, and the energy consumption that reduces sea water desaltination is the developing goal of desalination technology always.And the FTC sea water desaltination has less energy-consumption, the advantage of low cost, high desalination rate, long service life, so application prospect is very good.
Seawater is the dilute solution system of a complexity, its saltiness height, hardness is big, and pH is under 8.2 conditions, the formed carbonate of calcium ions and magnesium ions, supercarbonate, vitriol, muriate etc. make seawater have very high hardness in the seawater, easily form incrustation scale in the desalination process flow process.The turbidity of seawater change simultaneously is big, the unequigranular organic and inorganic particles that suspends, the microorganism of differing in size in addition.Easy blocking pipeline and polluted membrane element; And dissolved the oxygen of enough marine life existence in the seawater, in desalting process, the existence of dissolved oxygen makes the perishable and generation oxide compound dirt of desalting equipment metallic substance.Thereby the reasonableness of pre-treatment is at first depended in the sea water desaltination success or not.
At present, in desalting process such as distillation method, embrane method, generally adopt chlorination or clorox sterilization, FeCl
3Flocculation sediment adds series of preprocessing combination procesies such as acid for adjusting pH and multi-medium filtering, to remove suspended solids, colloidal particle, bacterium and macromole suspended substance, handles back seawater quality instability but exist, and is difficult to reach the water inlet requirement of reverse osmosis membrane.Though conventional processing to many reverse osmosis seawater desaltings factory also trouble-free operation for many years, conventional pre-treatment is all having very high requirement aspect designing, moving, safeguard, otherwise the pollution of film can take place.The distillation rule is that fouling corrosion is serious, has become one of important factor that limits its application.For FTC (liquid-flowing capacitor method) sea water desaltination, also not about its pretreated report, still in conjunction with FTC water inlet index, the pre existing treatment process is to satisfy its water inlet requirement, therefore, is necessary to adopt new technology to solve this problem now.
Also done a lot of researchs for the sea water desaltination pre-treatment both at home and abroad, patent U.S. Pat 20030130088A1 adopts absorption as pre-treatment; U.S. Pat 20030121856A1 adopts the cascade filtration pre-treatment; U.S. Pat 20020189987A1 adopts and filters as pre-treatment; Chinese patent CN1378978A manually desalinating seawater in ship method and device adopt coarse strainer, millipore filtration and the dosing pre-treatment as reverse osmosis; Chinese patent CN1328867A reverse osmose desalination microfiltration membrane pretreatment method adopts to add flocculation Scale inhibitors, micro-filtration as pre-treatment; Chinese patent CN1155518A sea water desalting equipment adopts activated charcoal filter, hollow fiber filter; Chinese patent CN2583096Y sea water desaltination treater adopts dosing, charcoal absorption, secondary filter as pre-treatment; Chinese patent CN2583087Y reverse osmosis membrane sea water desalinating plant adopts smart filter, security personnel's filtration, ultrafiltration as pre-treatment; Chinese patent CN2346787Y marine sea water desalting device adopts smart filter, micro-filtration as pre-treatment.The preparation method of Chinese patent CN1241535A sea water desalting membrane adopts prefilter, ultra-filtration as pre-treatment.But adopting existing sea water desaltination pretreatment process is that FTC (liquid-flowing capacitor method) provides into water, also has the following disadvantages: (1) complicated operation, if protect improper, cause biological pollution easily.(2) can not solve seawater high rigidity and high salinity problem, cause FTC sea water desaltination energy consumption big, scale formation is serious, flushing frequency height, producing water ratio are low, and desalinating cost is difficult to reduce.(3) need dosing sterilization antiscale, caused the equipment complexity, investment is high.Therefore, according to FTC water inlet index, current pretreatment approaches does not all reach FTC sea water desaltination water inlet requirement.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at existing technical deficiency of conventional sea water desaltination pretreatment process and defective, for liquid-flowing capacitor method (FTC) provides a kind of pretreatment process that combines with multiple membrane sepn process and other treatment process.
An object of the present invention is each programstep, can effectively remove solia particle, colloidal particle, bacterium, virus and most magnesium ion in the seawater, and reduce the total dissolved solid amount (TDS) of liquid-flowing capacitor method water inlet by present method.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention realizes by the following technical solutions.
A kind of pretreatment process that is used for the sea water desaltination of liquid-flowing capacitor method, it is characterized in that: it has a plurality of preprocessor, and its concrete processing step is: seawater through the more medium filter unit-charcoal filtering unit-essence filter unit-ultra filtration unit-nanofiltration membrane unit-meet water supply of fresh-water generator requirement; The multi-medium filtering unit adopts quartz sand as filtrate; The charcoal filtering unit is selected shell-shaped granulated active carbon for use; Mud in the seawater and mud, organic colloid, marine alga, bacterium, rock, silicon-dioxide, iron erosion product, the throw out of iron, the throw out of manganese, the throw out of hardness, aluminium hydroxide throw out are filtered out, enter activated charcoal filter again, smart filter unit, adopting filter core is the hollow polysulfone fibre of internal diameter less than 5 μ m; The ultra-filtration membrane that ultra filtration unit adopts is that molecular weight cut-off is 2-5 ten thousand daltonian organic polymer material ultra-filtration membrane or inorganic ceramic ultra-filtration membranes; The nanofiltration membrane unit adopts composite nanometer filtering film, and this composite nanometer filtering film is a three-decker, and promptly aromatic polyamides, polyester non-woven fabric, polysulfones superpolymer constitute; The seawater of handling well at last uses for fresh-water generator.
Water outlet after above-mentioned process ultra filtration unit is handled needs through directly adopting the nanofiltration membrane unit after the topping-up pump supercharging; Described nanofiltration membrane unit adopts a plurality of nanofiltration membrane components of being made up of two nanofiltration membrane; Described nanofiltration membrane unit adopts the above-mentioned nanofiltration membrane component of 1-5 level.
Water outlet after above-mentioned process ultra filtration unit is handled needs through the topping-up pump supercharging, and the working pressure that is adopted is 0.1～1.50MPa, and service temperature is at 0～30 ℃.
The main effect of above-mentioned multimedium filter filtering unit is the place to go suspended solids, adopts the impurity in the more medium filter removal water usually at first.Stop any medium to shift rearwards, alleviate pollution level later process equipment from the equipment of front.
The main effect of above-mentioned charcoal filtering unit is the stink of removing in the seawater, natural and synthetic dissolved organic matter, micro polluting substance; For the free chlorine in the seawater, dissolved oxygen etc. tangible removal effect is arranged, the membrane element in protection downstream; Further remove the impurity in the seawater, can play one's part to the full to guarantee following element.
It is that the removal particle diameter is the fine particle of 1～5 μ m that above-mentioned essence filter unit mainly acts on, and further reduces total dissolved solid amount (TDS) pollution index, prevents that active carbon powder from entering the downstream film assembly.Smart filter membrane adopts the hollow polysulfone fibre.
It is impurity, particularly bacterium and the algae substances of further removing in the seawater such as particulate, colloid, bacterium, algae and various organism that above-mentioned ultra filtration unit mainly acts on; Prevent that the bacterium algae from multiplying growth rapidly at pipeline and face, stop up the water route and pollute the NF film; Make the FI value of the seawater that enters NF reach 0～1, bacterium and marine alga are also almost all removed, and prolong the work-ing life of NF.The ultra-filtration membrane material adopts polypropylene or polyethers phenol or polyacrylonitrile; The material of inorganic ceramic ultra-filtration membrane is a pellumina.
It is further to reduce turbidity (SDI) and microorganism that above-mentioned nano-filtration unit mainly acts on; Utilize the selection perviousness of nanofiltration membrane, remove scale-forming ion, remove in the seawater to the deleterious material of desalination apparatus, the intake pressure and the energy consumption of fresh-water generators such as RO can be fallen significantly.
Most important link is the nanofiltration treating processes in the pretreatment process of liquid-flowing capacitor method of the present invention sea water desaltination, and the nanofiltration membrane element of employing is a kind of novel separatory membrane, and its aperture, film top layer is in the nano level scope; Composite nanometer filtering film of the present invention is a three-decker, and promptly aromatic polyamides, polyester non-woven fabric, polysulfones superpolymer constitute.
Sea water desaltination pretreatment process of the present invention is the integrated ultrafiltration of a kind of while, technology process combined flow processs such as multiple membrane sepn process such as nanometer filter and multi-medium filtering, charcoal absorption, smart filtration.With the seawater is source water, successively through multi-medium filtering, activated carbon filtration, smart filtration, ultra-filtration and five treatment steps of nanometer filter, finally obtains the feedwater that liquid stream examination capacitance method sea water desaltination water inlet requires that meets of low concentration.
Adopt sea water desaltination of the present invention and treatment process, its treatment process is with respect to existing method, have following advantage: the hardness ions in (1) seawater is exhausted most by the place to go, solved the FTC scale problems, reduced the washing time of electrode, reduce energy consumption, saved wash-down water, prolonged the work-ing life of FTC; (2) reduce the FTC influent concentration, will make the FTC treatment effect improve greatly, thereby reduced the consumption of energy, made producing water ratio that large increase has been arranged simultaneously, further reduced Cost of seawater desalination.(3) the inventive method has not only been removed microorganism, suspended substance, stink and organism, particulate, middle metal ion a large amount of in the seawater, also removed most scale-forming ion in the seawater, reduced the total dissolved solid amount of seawater, (4) method of the present invention have technology simple, easy to operate, separate rapidly, efficient is high, level of automation is high, low cost and other advantages.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of liquid stream examination capacitance method process for desalinating seawater of the present invention.
The meaning of each number designation is as follows among the figure:
The 1-working shaft, 2-sea water tank, 3-wash-down water discharge outlet, 4-float switch, the 5-force (forcing) pump of intaking, the 6-discharge outlet, 7-multi-medium filtering unit, 8-activated carbon filtration unit, the smart filtering unit of 9-, 10-ultra-filtration unit, 11-low-tension switch, 12-topping-up pump, 13-nanometer filter unit, 14-flush box, 15-flushing pump, the outlet of 16-concentrated water drainage, 17-fresh-water generator feed-tank.
Embodiment
Now the embodiment with the inventive method is described in the back:
Example one: referring to Fig. 1, seawater with 35000mg/L concentration is the water source, through multi-medium filtering unit 7, the contaminant filter in the seawater is fallen, enter the stink that activated carbon filtration unit 8 is removed in the seawater again, natural and synthetic dissolved organic matter, micro polluting substances etc. enter smart filtering unit 9 then, and removing particle diameter is the fine particle of 1～5 μ m, pollution index is further reduced, prevent that activated carbon granule from entering the downstream film assembly.Pass through ultra-filtration membrane unit 10 again, the pollution substance of place to go microorganism and bacterial count magnitude and pollution substance harmful poisonous and carcinogens and viral load level.At this moment, seawater has become clean salt solution through above-mentioned processing, turbidity NTU＜0.1 of water outlet, suspended solids＜1mg/L, total content of organic carbon in 8～10mg/L, SDI＜1, bacterium CFU/100mL＜10; Through above-mentioned processing, seawater has become clean salt solution, reaches nanofiltration membrane water inlet requirement fully.Again by topping-up pump under 20 ℃ of working pressure 1.2Mpa, temperature, enter nano-filtration unit 13, after nanofiltration is handled, removed 92% hardness in the water, 95% vitriol, 40% muriate, TDS has reduced by 46%.
Embodiment two: the seawater with the 20000mg/L coastal area of china is the water source, through treating processes same as the previously described embodiments, seawater has become clean salt solution, again by topping-up pump at 1.3Mpa, under 20 ℃ of the temperature, enter nano-filtration unit processing 13 and handle, can remove 96% hardness in the water, 98% vitriol, 51% muriate after tested, TDS has reduced by 61%.
By embodiment, as can be known, pretreatment process of the present invention, the water that can supply with fresh-water generator meets water quality requirement, and its producing water ratio reaches as high as 70%, and decreasing ratio also can reach more than 70%.
Claims (4)
1. the pretreatment process of liquid-flowing capacitor method sea water desaltination, it is characterized in that: it has a plurality of preprocessor, and its concrete processing step is: seawater through the more medium filter unit-charcoal filtering unit-essence filter unit-ultra filtration unit-nanofiltration membrane unit-meet water supply of fresh-water generator requirement; The multi-medium filtering unit adopts quartz sand as filtrate; The charcoal filtering unit is selected shell-shaped granulated active carbon for use; Mud in the seawater and mud, organic colloid, marine alga, bacterium, rock, silicon-dioxide, iron erosion product, the throw out of iron, the throw out of manganese, the throw out of hardness, aluminium hydroxide throw out are filtered out, enter activated charcoal filter again, smart filter unit, adopting filter core is the hollow polysulfone fibre of internal diameter less than 5 μ m; The ultra-filtration membrane that ultra filtration unit adopts is that molecular weight cut-off is 2-5 ten thousand daltonian organic polymer material ultra-filtration membrane or inorganic ceramic ultra-filtration membranes; The nanofiltration membrane unit adopts composite nanometer filtering film, and this composite nanometer filtering film is a three-decker, and promptly aromatic polyamides, polyester non-woven fabric, polysulfones superpolymer constitute; The seawater of handling well at last uses for fresh-water generator.
2. the pretreatment process of a kind of liquid-flowing capacitor method according to claim 1 sea water desaltination is characterized in that: the water outlet after handling through ultra filtration unit needs through directly adopting the nanofiltration membrane unit after the topping-up pump supercharging; Described nanofiltration membrane unit adopts a plurality of nanofiltration membrane components of being made up of two nanofiltration membrane; Described nanofiltration membrane unit adopts the above-mentioned nanofiltration membrane component of 1-5 level.
3. the pretreatment process of a kind of liquid-flowing capacitor method according to claim 1 sea water desaltination is characterized in that:
Water outlet through after the ultra filtration unit processing needs through the topping-up pump supercharging, and the working pressure that is adopted is 0.1～1.50MPa, and service temperature is at 0～30 ℃.
4. the pretreatment process of a kind of liquid-flowing capacitor method according to claim 1 sea water desaltination is characterized in that:
The organic polymer material of the ultra-filtration membrane that ultra filtration unit adopted is polypropylene or polyethers phenol or polyacrylonitrile; The material of inorganic ceramic ultra-filtration membrane is a pellumina.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101028960B (en) * | 2006-12-07 | 2010-09-29 | 中国市政工程华北设计研究院 | Method for pre-treating seawater by flow-raising aeration biological filtering pool |
| DE102010054477A1 (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2011-07-07 | Schnider, Kurt | Apparatus and process for the treatment of water |
| CN102134132A (en) * | 2011-04-20 | 2011-07-27 | 浙江工商大学 | Method for preparing drinking water by using nano-filtration membrane under sudden water pollution accident |
| CN102976427B (en) * | 2012-12-25 | 2014-05-28 | 中盈长江国际新能源投资有限公司 | Seawater desalting plant continuously supplied with solar heat and method thereof |
| CN105621735A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-06-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Closed cycle treatment method for intercepting difficultly and biochemically degraded organic matters in coal chemical wastewater |
| CN106082483A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2016-11-09 | 山东天瑞重工有限公司 | A kind of novel boats and ships desalination process and device |
| CN108193222B (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-07-23 | 北京化工大学 | A kind of method that Electrolyzed sea water chlorination is antifouling |
Citations (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5538611A (en) * | 1993-05-17 | 1996-07-23 | Marc D. Andelman | Planar, flow-through, electric, double-layer capacitor and a method of treating liquids with the capacitor |
| CN1155518A (en) * | 1996-01-26 | 1997-07-30 | 孙庚辰 | Seawater desalting apparatus |
| CN2346787Y (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 1999-11-03 | 温州市远东水处理设备制造有限公司 | Marine seawater desalter |
| CN1241535A (en) * | 1998-12-17 | 2000-01-19 | 余建华 | Sea water desalting membrane process |
| US6413409B1 (en) * | 1998-09-08 | 2002-07-02 | Biosource, Inc. | Flow-through capacitor and method of treating liquids with it |
| CN1378978A (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2002-11-13 | 刘树博 | Process and equipment for manually desalinating seawater in ship |
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5538611A (en) * | 1993-05-17 | 1996-07-23 | Marc D. Andelman | Planar, flow-through, electric, double-layer capacitor and a method of treating liquids with the capacitor |
| CN1155518A (en) * | 1996-01-26 | 1997-07-30 | 孙庚辰 | Seawater desalting apparatus |
| US6413409B1 (en) * | 1998-09-08 | 2002-07-02 | Biosource, Inc. | Flow-through capacitor and method of treating liquids with it |
| CN2346787Y (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 1999-11-03 | 温州市远东水处理设备制造有限公司 | Marine seawater desalter |
| CN1241535A (en) * | 1998-12-17 | 2000-01-19 | 余建华 | Sea water desalting membrane process |
| CN1378978A (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2002-11-13 | 刘树博 | Process and equipment for manually desalinating seawater in ship |
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