CN100354745C - Wavelength converter - Google Patents
Wavelength converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN100354745C CN100354745C CNB2004800061866A CN200480006186A CN100354745C CN 100354745 C CN100354745 C CN 100354745C CN B2004800061866 A CNB2004800061866 A CN B2004800061866A CN 200480006186 A CN200480006186 A CN 200480006186A CN 100354745 C CN100354745 C CN 100354745C
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Abstract
A wavelength converter is disclosed which has a structure that enables to generate a high-power converted light even when the difference between an excitation light wavelength and a zero dispersion wavelength is large. The wavelength converter comprises an optical fiber which has a dispersion slope whose absolute value is not more than 0.01 ps/nm<2>/km at a wavelength of 1550 nm.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize nonlinear optical phenomena, produce the wavelength shifter that the second wavelength conversion light is used from first wavelength input light.
Background technology
In general, if knownly in medium, propagate powerful light, then result from this medium nonlinear polarization and various nonlinear optical phenomenas take place.In this nonlinear optical phenomena, four-wave mixing (FWM:Four-Wave Mixing) takes place in nonlinear effect owing to 3 times, specifically, is when 3 photons are input in the medium, from them the phenomenon of a new photon takes place.Participate between a plurality of photons of such nonlinear optical phenomena law of conservation of energy and momentum conservation and decide rate when all setting up, with maximal efficiency generation nonlinear optical phenomena.
So far, above-mentioned such nonlinear optical phenomena is taken place energetically in optical fiber, the research that this optical fiber is used for wavelength conversion etc. is in the ascendant.For example, wavelength shifter is exactly a kind of optical devices that have with the second wavelength conversion light of the same information of this input light that produce from first wavelength input light.Such wavelength shifter utilizes in the interconnected optical communication network in Optical Fiber Transmission networking at a plurality of nodes and is set on these nodes.To carry out the conversion light of wavelength conversion as the output of output light to the input light wavelength that arrives at this node medium wavelength transducer.
In addition, the high non-linearity fiber of above-mentioned such nonlinear optical phenomena takes place easily as inside, for example, people such as document 1:Jiro Hiroishi, " Dispersion slopecontrolled HNL-DSF with high γ 25 W-1km-1 and bandconversion e4xperiment using this fiber ", ECOC2002 among the PD1.5, discloses chromatic dispersion gradient has been reduced to 0.013ps/nm
2The high non-linearity fiber of/km.People such as document 2:Toshiaki Okuno, " Generation of Ultra-Broad-BandSupercontinuum By Dispersion-Flattened and DecreasingFiber ", IEEE PHOTONICS TEC.LETT., VOL.10, NO.1, JAN.1998 among the PP.72-74, discloses high non-linearity chromatic dispersion flat fiber.People such as document 3:K.P.Hansen, " Fully Dispersion Controlled Triangular-Core Nonlinear Photonic Crystal Fiber ", OFC2003, among the PD2, the chromatic dispersion platypelloid type high non-linear photon crystal fiber that effective length is short because loss is big is disclosed.People such as document 4:Ju Han Lee, " Four-Wave Mixing Based10-Gb/s Tunable Wavelength Conversion Using a HoleyFiber With a High SBS Threshold ", IEEE PHOTONICSTECH.LETT., VOL.15, NO.3, MAR.2003, in pp.440～442, disclose because the absolute value of wavelength dispersion is big,, but adopted the wavelength shifter of porose fiber so the wavelength difference of flashlight and exciting light only allows about 10nm.At document 5:K.Inoue, " Arrangement of fiber pieces for a wide wavelengthconversion range by fiber four-wave mixing ", OPTICSLETTERS, VOL.19, NO.16, Aug.15, in 1994, many optical fiber that file is connected with different zero-dispersion wavelengths are disclosed, frequency span is expanded to the technology of about 2THz, in addition, at people such as document 6:M.Onishi, " Highly Nonlinear Dispersion-Shifted Fibers and Their Application to BroadbandWavelength Converter ", OPTICAL FIBER TECHNOLOGY, VOL.4 in 204～214 (1998), discloses the example of high non-linearity fiber.
Summary of the invention
The result that the inventor studies above-mentioned high non-linearity fiber has found following problem.That is, in utilizing above-mentioned document 1～6, in the wavelength shifter of disclosed high non-linearity fiber,, just do not satisfy phase-matching condition, so the power of conversion light sharply descends in case incentive optical wavelength departs from the zero-dispersion wavelength of the optical fiber that is utilized.Therefore, in such wavelength shifter, be difficult to realize only input signal light being transformed into the variable wavelength conversion of desirable wavelength with the exciting light of a channel.
In addition, at document 7:Kyo Inoue, " Tunable and SelectiveWavelength Conversion Using Fiber Foue-Wave Mixingwith Two Pump Lights ", IEEE PHOTONICS TECH.LETT., VOL.6, NO.12 among the DEC.1994, has introduced the wavelength shifter of the exciting light of two channels being supplied with optical fiber., if the zero-dispersion wavelength of incentive optical wavelength and optical fiber departs from, then the power of conversion light still descends.The exciting light itself of supplying with two channels just becomes the manufacturing cost cause of increased of wavelength shifter.Like this, even the wavelength shifter of record in the document 7 also is difficult to carry out effective wavelength conversion in wideer wave band.
The present invention finishes in order to solve such problem, even purpose is to provide a kind of difference that has incentive optical wavelength and zero-dispersion wavelength to increase, also can generate the wavelength shifter of the structure of powerful conversion light.
Wavelength shifter of the present invention is a kind of wavelength shifter that utilizes optical fiber, utilizes nonlinear optical phenomena, from first wavelength input light, produce wavelength conversion the second wavelength conversion light different with this first wavelength.
Be applicable to the optical fiber of wavelength shifter of the present invention, preferably having absolute value at wavelength during for 1550nm is 0.01ps/nm
2/ km is following, and (" following " i.e. be "≤", in full together) chromatic dispersion gradient.In the case, even increase, also can generate powerful conversion light as the Detuning of the difference of the zero-dispersion wavelength that is transfused to light wavelength in the above-mentioned optical fiber and this optical fiber.
In addition, be applicable to the optical fiber of wavelength shifter of the present invention, to the excitation light wavelength of supplying with, it is 0.01ps/nm that absolute value also can be arranged
2The chromatic dispersion gradient that/km is following.Because in utilizing the wavelength shifter of exciting light, enough little by the CHROMATIC DISPERSION IN FIBER OPTICS slope that makes this exciting light of transmission, can more effectively take out conversion light.Particularly for the big exciting light of luminous power, even because the CHROMATIC DISPERSION IN FIBER OPTICS slope is diminished, make that the Detuning as the difference of the zero-dispersion wavelength of exciting light and this optical fiber increases, also can generate powerful conversion light.
Be applicable to the optical fiber of wavelength shifter of the present invention, in the wavelength coverage of 1530nm～1565nm, it is the following wavelength dispersion of 0.2ps/nm/km that absolute value also can be arranged at least.Because the wavelength dispersion of this optical fiber can be suppressed in the scope of C-band fully, so can carry out the wideer wavelength conversion of wave band.In addition, if this wavelength coverage, even incentive optical wavelength is changed, the variation of the conversion luminous power that is obtained is also little, therefore can generate powerful conversion light in wideer wave band.
Be applicable to the optical fiber of wavelength shifter of the present invention, preferably, in the wavelength coverage of 1300nm～1700nm, have two zero-dispersion wavelengths at least.By design optical fiber, make to have two above zero-dispersion wavelengths, can enlarge the little wavelength coverage of absolute value of wavelength dispersion.Consequently, four light waves can take place effectively in wideer wavelength band mixes.
Wavelength shifter of the present invention utilizes nonlinear optical phenomena, from the flashlight of at least one excitation exciting light of channel and at least one signaling channel, take place at least one channel carrying out the conversion light of wavelength conversion.At this moment, preferably, this wavelength shifter has: the wavelength variable exciting light light source of excitation channel; And the excitation light wavelength that the exciting light light source is supplied with, it is 0.01ps/nm that absolute value is arranged
2The optical fiber of the chromatic dispersion gradient that/km is following.Because in the structure of input stimulus light and flashlight, suppress the chromatic dispersion gradient of incentive optical wavelength smaller, can more effectively generate conversion light.In addition,,, and make the Detuning as the difference of the zero-dispersion wavelength of exciting light and this optical fiber increase, also can generate powerful conversion light even the CHROMATIC DISPERSION IN FIBER OPTICS slope is diminished particularly for the big exciting light of luminous power.
The optical fiber that said structure is arranged when wavelength is 1550nm, preferably, have 8 (1/W/km) above (" more than " i.e. " 〉=", in full with), more preferably, have the nonlinear constant more than 10 (1/W/km).If nonlinear constant is more than such value, then utilize actual input optical power can generate conversion light effectively.In addition, even fibre length is shortened to below the 1km, also can obtain fully wide and high-power conversion light of wave band.
In addition, when above-mentioned optical fiber is 1550nm at wavelength, the following transmission loss of 1dB/km is arranged preferably.Because by suppressing transmission loss lower, can enough obtain the effective fibre length that causes nonlinear optical phenomena longways, can obtain more powerful conversion light.In other words, can keep the effective length of optical fiber fully long, can generate powerful conversion light.
Above-mentioned optical fiber is preferably more than the 10dBm the threshold value that the induction Brillouin scattering takes place the exciting light that is transfused to.Because if this generation threshold value is more than the 10dBm, then can avoid causing the reduction of the effective fibre length of nonlinear optical phenomena, can be fully the exciting light of input be divided into conversion light.That is, if this generation threshold value is more than the 10dBm, then generating can the actual powerful conversion light that uses.
In addition, in wavelength shifter of the present invention, be more than the 20nm from the permission variable-width of the conversion light wavelength of above-mentioned optical fiber output.By making the wavelength coverage inner conversion that input signal light can be more than 20nm, in the optical-fiber network of reality, can use as very practical wavelength shifter.
In wavelength shifter of the present invention,, be preferably more than the 20nm from the permission variable-width of the conversion light wavelength of above-mentioned optical fiber output at least for the signaling channel of the wavelength coverage (C-band) of 1530nm～1565nm.Because can realize very practical wavelength conversion in the C-band.That is, can not rely on signal light wavelength and be transformed into optional wavelength.
Wavelength shifter of the present invention preferably also has and block the light parts that the exciting light propagated is used in above-mentioned optical fiber.This light component configuration is in light output end one side of above-mentioned optical fiber.The influence that utilizes these light parts can avoid powerful exciting light to cause to back level transmission system from above-mentioned optical fiber output.
In addition, various embodiments of the present invention more can be understood fully by following detailed description and accompanying drawing.These embodiment just are used for not constituting limitation of the invention for example.
In addition, can clear and definite further range of application of the present invention by following detailed description.; though detailed explanation and specific example are expression the preferred embodiments of the present invention; but just illustrate for example, according to this detailed explanation, those of ordinary skills will understand various distortion and the improvement in thought of the present invention and scope.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A and 1B be the structure of the high non-linearity chromatic dispersion flat fiber that is suitable in the expression wavelength shifter of the present invention sectional view, with and refractive index profile.
Fig. 2 is a plurality of samples (summary sheet of No.1～No.7) as the high non-linearity chromatic dispersion flat fiber shown in Figure 1A and 1B trial-production.
Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B are other refractive index profiles of the high non-linearity chromatic dispersion flat fiber that is suitable in the wavelength shifter of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a structural drawing of representing the evaluation system of optical fiber sample suitable in the wavelength shifter of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is as a plurality of samples (No.8, No.9) of the evaluation object trial-production of evaluation system shown in Figure 4 and the summary sheet of comparison other fiber.
Fig. 6 is the curve map of expression about the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the optical fiber (common high non-linearity fiber) of the optical fiber (high non-linearity chromatic dispersion flat fiber) of sample No.8 and sample No.10.
Fig. 7 is the curve map of the measurement result of expression FWM luminous power.
Fig. 8 is to be benchmark with the optical fiber (high non-linearity chromatic dispersion flat fiber) as sample No.9, fixing chromatic dispersion gradient, Yi Bian change the wavelength dispersion value, Yi Bian the wavelength dependency of FWM waveband width has been carried out the curve map of computer simulation.In addition, in order to compare, also put down in writing the analog result under the situation of optical fiber (common high non-linearity fiber) as sample No.10.In addition, also marked and drawed actual measured value as the optical fiber of sample No.9.
Fig. 9 is the curve map of the relation of expression wavelength dispersion and FWM waveband width.
Figure 10 A～10E is the structural drawing of first embodiment that expression can be suitable for the optical communication system of wavelength shifter of the present invention.
Figure 11 A～11E is the structural drawing of second embodiment that expression can be suitable for the optical communication system of wavelength shifter of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below, with Figure 1A, 1B, 2,3A, 3B, 4～9 and 10A～11D, describe the embodiment of wavelength shifter of the present invention in detail.In addition, in the description of the drawings, same key element is marked with same mark, and the repetitive description thereof will be omitted.
The structure of the optical fiber that is suitable for wavelength shifter of the present invention at first, is described.Figure 1A and 1B are as being suitable for the optical fiber of this wavelength shifter, show the sectional view of structure of high non-linearity chromatic dispersion flat fiber (HNL-DFF:Highly Nonlinear Dispersion Flattened Fiber) and the distribution plan of refractive index thereof.
In Figure 1A, optical fiber 100 has: the external diameter that extends along predetermined axis is that 2a, refractive index are the core district 110 of n1; And the clad region 120 that is arranged on the periphery in this core district 110.This clad region 120 is arranged on the periphery in core district 110, has: external diameter is that 2b, refractive index are n2 (＜n1) inboard covering 121; And the refractive index that is arranged on the periphery of this inboard covering 121 be n3 (＜n1,＞n2) outside covering 122.
In addition, will be as the outermost outside covering 122 of clad region 120 during as reference region, with respect to this outside covering 122, the specific refractivity difference Δ in core district 110
+, inboard covering 121 specific refractivity difference Δ
-Provide by following formula respectively.
Δ
+≈(n1-n3)/n1×100
Δ
-≈(n2-n3)/n2×100
Figure 1B is the index distribution 150 of the optical fiber 100 shown in Figure 1A, in this index distribution 150, the refractive index of the each several part on the 151 expression core district 110 online L of zone, the refractive index of the each several part on the inboard covering 121 online L of zone 152 expressions, and the refractive index of the each several part on the 153 expression outside covering 122 online L of zone.Such optical fiber 100 is principal ingredient with the quartz glass for example, adds GeO in core district 110
2, in inboard covering 121, add fluorine.Outside covering 122 by the interpolation that constitutes with pure quartz the quartz glass of chlorine constitute.
In addition, the optical fiber that is applicable to wavelength shifter of the present invention can have various index distribution 160,170 shown in Fig. 3 A and B.Index distribution 160 shown in Fig. 3 A can realize by covering in the middle of being provided with between the inboard covering 121 of the optical fiber shown in Figure 1A 100 and the outside covering 122.That is, in this index distribution 160, zone 161 expression refractive indexes are that n1, external diameter are the refractive index in the core district of 2a; Zone 162 expressions are arranged on the periphery in core district, refractive index be n2 (＜n1), external diameter is the refractive index of the inboard covering of 2b; Zone 163 expressions are arranged on the periphery of inboard covering, refractive index be n3 (＞n2,＜n1), external diameter is the refractive index of the middle covering of 2c; The periphery of covering in the middle of zone 164 expressions are arranged on, refractive index be n4 (＜n3,＞refractive index of n2) outside covering.
In addition, the index distribution shown in Fig. 3 B 170 can by be provided with between the inboard covering 121 of the optical fiber shown in Figure 1A 100 and the outside covering 122 two-layer in the middle of covering realize.That is, in this index distribution 170, zone 171 expression refractive indexes are that n1, external diameter are the refractive index in the core district of 2a; Zone 172 expressions are arranged on the periphery in core district, refractive index be n2 (＜n1), external diameter is the refractive index of the inboard covering of 2b; Zone 173 expressions are arranged on the periphery of inboard covering, refractive index be n3 (＞n2,＜n1), external diameter be 2c first in the middle of the refractive index of covering; Zone 174 expressions are arranged on the periphery of covering in the middle of first, refractive index be n4 (＞n2,＜n3), external diameter be 2d second in the middle of the refractive index of covering; Zone 175 expressions are arranged on the periphery of covering in the middle of second, refractive index be n5 (＜n3,＞refractive index of n4) outside covering.
[embodiment 1]
Below, each embodiment of the high non-linearity chromatic dispersion flat fiber that is applicable to wavelength shifter of the present invention is described.Fig. 2 is a plurality of samples (summary sheet of No.1～No.7) as the high non-linearity chromatic dispersion flat fiber shown in Figure 1A and 1B trial-production.In addition, the optical fiber of these samples No.1～No.7 all has section structure shown in Figure 1A and Figure 1B and index distribution.
(sample No.1)
In the optical fiber of sample No.1, the core district is with respect to the specific refractivity difference Δ as the outside covering of reference region
+Be 1.37%, inboard covering is with respect to the specific refractivity difference Δ of outside covering
-Be-0.82%.In addition, the α value used of the distribution shape in decision core district is 3.0.The external diameter 2a in core district is 4.890 microns, the external diameter 2a in core district with respect to the ratio Ra of the external diameter 2b of inboard covering (=a/b) be 0.52.As wavelength is the various characteristics of 1550nm, and the optical fiber of this sample No.1 has: transmission loss is 0.48dB/km, and wavelength dispersion is 0.063ps/nm/km, and chromatic dispersion gradient is-0.0011ps/nm
2/ km.Cutoff wavelength is 989nm.In addition, be the various characteristics of 1550nm as wavelength, the optical fiber of sample No.1 has: net sectional area A
EffBe 16.4 μ m
2, nonlinear constant γ is 10.4 (1/W/km), mode field diameter MFD is 4.6 microns, and polarization mode dispersion PMD is 0.05pskm
-1/2
(sample No.2)
In the optical fiber of sample No.2, the core district is with respect to the specific refractivity difference Δ as the outside covering of reference region
+Be 1.37%, inboard covering is with respect to the specific refractivity difference Δ of outside covering
-Be-0.82%.In addition, the α value used of the distribution shape in decision core district is 3.0.The external diameter 2a in core district is 4.908 microns, the external diameter 2a in core district with respect to the ratio Ra of the external diameter 2b of inboard covering (=a/b) be 0.52.As wavelength is the various characteristics of 1550nm, and the optical fiber of this sample No.2 has: transmission loss is 0.48dB/km, and wavelength dispersion is 0.525ps/nm/km, and chromatic dispersion gradient is 0.0006ps/nm
2/ km.Cutoff wavelength is 995nm.In addition, be the various characteristics of 1550nm as wavelength, the optical fiber of sample No.2 has: net sectional area A
EffBe 16.5 μ m
2, nonlinear constant γ is 10.3 (1/W/km), mode field diameter MFD is 4.6 microns, and polarization mode dispersion PMD is 0.06pskm
-1/2
(sample No.3)
In the optical fiber of sample No.3, the core district is with respect to the specific refractivity difference Δ as the outside covering of reference region
+Be 1.37%, inboard covering is with respect to the specific refractivity difference Δ of outside covering
-Be-0.82%.In addition, the α value used of the distribution shape in decision core district is 3.0.The external diameter 2a in core district is 4.860 microns, the external diameter 2a in core district with respect to the ratio Ra of the external diameter 2b of inboard covering (=a/b) be 0.52.As wavelength is various special the giving birth to of 1550nm, and the optical fiber of this sample No.3 has: transmission loss is 0.47dB/km, and wavelength dispersion is-0.771ps/nm/km, and chromatic dispersion gradient is-0.0045ps/nm
2/ km.Cutoff wavelength is 980nm.In addition, be the various characteristics of 1550nm as wavelength, the optical fiber of sample No.3 has: net sectional area A
EffBe 16.3 μ m
2, nonlinear constant γ is 10.5 (1/W/km), mode field diameter MFD is 4.6 microns, and polarization mode dispersion PMD is 0.02pskm
-1/2
(sample No.4)
In the optical fiber of sample No.4, the core district is with respect to the specific refractivity difference Δ as the outside covering of reference region
+Be 1.37%, inboard covering is with respect to the specific refractivity difference Δ of outside covering
-Be-0.82%.In addition, the α value used of the distribution shape in decision core district is 3.0.The external diameter 2a in core district is 4.892 microns, the external diameter 2a in core district with respect to the ratio Ra of the external diameter 2b of inboard covering (=a/b) be 0.52.As wavelength is the various characteristics of 1550nm, and the optical fiber of this sample No.4 has: transmission loss is 0.51dB/km, and wavelength dispersion is-0.097ps/nm/km, and chromatic dispersion gradient is-0.0015ps/nm
2/ km.Cutoff wavelength is 987nm.In addition, be the various characteristics of 1550nm as wavelength, the optical fiber of sample No.4 has: net sectional area A
EffBe 16.4 μ m
2, nonlinear constant γ is 10.4 (1/W/km), mode field diameter MFD is 4.6 microns, and polarization mode dispersion PMD is 0.03pskm
-1/2
(sample No.5)
The optical fiber of sample No.5 is wavelength dispersion along the dispersion management fiber (DMF:Dispersion-Managed Fiber) from vertical variation of an end (to call the A end in the following text) the side direction other end (to call the B end in the following text) side.In the optical fiber of this sample No.5, the core district is with respect to the specific refractivity difference Δ as the outside covering of reference region
+Be 1.37%, inboard covering is with respect to the specific refractivity difference Δ of outside covering
-Be-0.82%.In addition, the α value used of the distribution shape in decision core district is 3.0.The external diameter 2a in core district is distolateral at A to be 4.88 microns, and distolateral at B is 5.36 microns.The external diameter 2a in core district with respect to the ratio Ra of the external diameter 2b of inboard covering (=a/b) be 0.52.As wavelength is the various characteristics of 1550nm, and the optical fiber of this sample No.5 has: the mean value of transmission loss is 0.55dB/km, and the mean value of wavelength dispersion is 5.432ps/nm/km, and the mean value of chromatic dispersion gradient is 0.0168ps/nm
2/ km.In addition, distolateral wavelength dispersion and the chromatic dispersion gradient of A be respectively-0.2ps/nm/km ,-0.002ps/nm
2/ km.On the other hand, distolateral wavelength dispersion and the chromatic dispersion gradient of B is respectively 9.0ps/nm/km, 0.026ps/nm
2/ km.Cutoff wavelength is distolateral at A to be 987nm, and distolateral at B is 1084nm.In addition, be the various characteristics of 1550nm as wavelength, the optical fiber of sample No.5, it is 0.05ps.km that mean value is arranged
-1/2Polarization mode dispersion PMD.The net sectional area A that A is distolateral
EffBe 16.4 μ m
2, the net sectional area A that B is distolateral
EffBe 17.4 μ m
2The distolateral nonlinear constant γ of A is 10.4 (1/W/km), and the distolateral nonlinear constant γ of B is 9.8 (1/W/km).In addition, the distolateral mode field diameter MFD of A is 4.6 microns, and the distolateral mode field diameter MFD of B is 4.8 microns.
(sample No.6)
In the optical fiber of sample No.6, the core district is with respect to the specific refractivity difference Δ as the outside covering of reference region
+Be 1.30%, inboard covering is with respect to the specific refractivity difference Δ of outside covering
-Be-0.75%.In addition, the α value used of the distribution shape in decision core district is 2.8.The external diameter 2a in core district is 5.288 microns, the external diameter 2a in core district with respect to the ratio Ra of the external diameter 2b of inboard covering (=a/b) be 0.55.As wavelength is the various characteristics of 1550nm, and the optical fiber of this sample No.6 has: transmission loss is 0.43dB/km, and wavelength dispersion is 0.31ps/nm/km, and chromatic dispersion gradient is 0.001ps/nm
2/ km.Cutoff wavelength is 948nm.In addition, be the various characteristics of 1550nm as wavelength, the optical fiber of sample No.6 has: net sectional area A
EffBe 18.2 μ m
2, nonlinear constant γ is 9.1 (1/W/km), mode field diameter MFD is 4.9 microns, and polarization mode dispersion PMD is 0.03pskm
-1/2
(sample No.7)
In the optical fiber of sample No.7, the core district is with respect to the specific refractivity difference Δ as the outside covering of reference region
+Be 1.30%, inboard covering is with respect to the specific refractivity difference Δ of outside covering
-Be-0.75%.In addition, the α value used of the distribution shape in decision core district is 2.8.The external diameter 2a in core district is 5.274 microns, the external diameter 2a in core district with respect to the ratio Ra of the external diameter 2b of inboard covering (=a/b) be 0.55.As wavelength is the various characteristics of 1550nm, and the optical fiber of this sample No.7 has: transmission loss is 0.40dB/km, and wavelength dispersion is-0.10ps/nm/km, and chromatic dispersion gradient is-0.001ps/nm
2/ km.Cutoff wavelength is 944nm.In addition, be the various characteristics of 1550nm as wavelength, the optical fiber of sample No.7 has: net sectional area A
EffBe 18.2 μ m
2, nonlinear constant γ is 9.1 (1/W/km), mode field diameter MFD is 4.9 microns, and polarization mode dispersion PMD is 0.01pskm
-1/2
From above each embodiment as can be known: as wavelength is the various characteristics of 1550nm, is applicable to that the optical fiber of wavelength shifter of the present invention has: absolute value is the following wavelength dispersion of 2ps/nm/km, and absolute value is 0.01ps/nm
2The chromatic dispersion gradient of/km, and 8 (1/W/km) above, be preferably the above nonlinear constant γ of 10 (1/W/km).In addition, preferably, the dispersion management fiber has in that A is distolateral :+4～+ wavelength dispersion of 15ps/nm/km, absolute value is 0.04ps/nm
2The chromatic dispersion gradient that/km is following, and the above nonlinear constant γ of 8 (1/W/km) on the other hand, have in that B is distolateral :+2～-wavelength dispersion of 2ps/nm/km, absolute value is 0.01ps/nm
2The chromatic dispersion gradient that/km is following, and the above nonlinear constant γ of 8 (1/W/km).In addition, net sectional area A
EffBe 20 μ m
2Below, be preferably 17 μ m
2Below, polarization mode dispersion PMD is preferably 0.3pskm
-1/2Below, transmission loss is preferably below the 1.0dB/km.
In order to obtain preferred refractive index profile shape, be the specific refractivity difference Δ in the core district of benchmark preferably with outside covering
+Be more than 1.2%, the specific refractivity difference Δ of inboard covering
-For below-0.6%.In addition, preferably, the α value when making the index distribution in core district be similar to distribute power is more than 2, the external diameter 2a in core district with respect to the ratio Ra of the external diameter 2b of inboard covering (=a/b) be 0.30～0.70.
Then, compare with existing high non-linearity fiber (HNLF), checking is suitable for the superiority of the high non-linearity chromatic dispersion flat fiber (HNL-DFF) of wavelength shifter of the present invention.Fig. 4 is a structural drawing of representing the evaluation system of optical fiber sample suitable in the wavelength shifter of the present invention.
This evaluation system shown in Figure 4 has double input end-dual output end 3dB photo-coupler 50.Variable-length LASER Light Source (TLS:Tunable LaserSource) 10a that supply detection light is used is connected on the first input end of this photo-coupler 50 optically, between these photo-couplers 50 and TLS 10a, disposing Polarization Controller (PC:PolarizationController) 20a, Er and adding fiber amplifier (EDFA:Erbium-Doped FiberAmplifier) 30a and alterable band-pass filter (BPS:Band Pass Filter) 40a.On the other hand, the TLS 10b that supply incentive light is used is connected on second input end of photo-coupler 50 optically, is disposing PC20b, EDFA 30a and BPS 40a between these photo-couplers 50 and TLS10b.
Spectroanalysis instrument (OSA:Optical Spectrum Analyzer) 70a, 70b are configured in respectively on first output terminal and second output terminal of photo-coupler 50, evaluation object fiber 60 is configured between first output terminal and OSA 70a of photo-coupler 50, so constitute the structure that this OSA 70a monitors the output of evaluation object fiber 60.
Fig. 5 is as a plurality of samples (No.8, No.9) of the evaluation object trial-production of evaluation system shown in Figure 4 and the summary sheet of comparison other fiber.In addition, the optical fiber of sample No.8 and No.9 all is the high non-linearity chromatic dispersion flat fiber (HNL-DFF:Highly Nonlinear Dispersion-Flattened Fiber) that is suitable for wavelength shifter of the present invention, the optical fiber of sample No.10 is existing high non-linearity fiber (HNLF:Highly NonlinearFiber), sample No.11 is a disclosed chromatic dispersion flat fiber (DFF:Dispersion-Flattened Fiber) in the above-mentioned document 2, and sample No.12 is the flat photonic crystal fiber of disclosed high non-linearity chromatic dispersion in the above-mentioned document 3 (HNL-DFPCF:Highly NonlinearDispersion-Flattened Photonic Crystal Fiber).
(sample No.8)
The length of the HNL-DFF of sample No.8 is 1000m, is the various characteristics of 1550nm as wavelength, has: transmission loss is 0.47dB/km, and wavelength dispersion is 0.42ps/nm/km, and chromatic dispersion gradient is 0.0002ps/nm
2/ km, and nonlinear constant γ is 10.4 (1/W/km).
(sample No.9)
The length of the HNL-DFF of sample No.9 is 500m, is the various characteristics of 1550nm as wavelength, has: transmission loss is 0.62dB/km, and wavelength dispersion is 0.063ps/nm/km, and chromatic dispersion gradient is-0.0011ps/nm
2/ km, and nonlinear constant γ is 10.4 (1/W/km).
(sample No.10)
The length of the HNLF of sample No.10 is 1000m, is the various characteristics of 1550nm as wavelength, has: transmission loss is 0.56dB/km, and wavelength dispersion is-0.36ps/nm/km that chromatic dispersion gradient is 0.025ps/nm
2/ km, and nonlinear constant γ is 20.4 (1/W/km).
(sample No.11)
The length of the DFF of sample No.11 is 1000m, is the various characteristics of 1550nm as wavelength, has: transmission loss is 0.22dB/km, and wavelength dispersion is 0.32ps/nm/km, and chromatic dispersion gradient is 0.0036ps/nm
2/ km, and nonlinear constant γ is 5.1 (1/W/km).
(sample No.12)
The length of the PCF of sample No.12 is 500m, is the various characteristics of 1550nm as wavelength, has: greater than the transmission loss of 9.9dB/km, wavelength dispersion is-1ps/nm/km that chromatic dispersion gradient is 0.001ps/nm
2/ km, and nonlinear constant γ is 11.2 (1/W/km).
In addition, Fig. 6 is the curve map of wavelength dispersion characteristics of the optical fiber (existing HNLF) of the optical fiber (HNL-DFF) of expression sample No.8 and sample No.10.In Fig. 6, the wavelength dispersion characteristics of curve 610 expression HNL-DFF, curve G620 represents the wavelength dispersion characteristics of HNLF.From this Fig. 6 as can be known, HNL-DFF is little at bigger wavelength coverage internal dispersion slope, can carry out effective wavelength conversion.
Inventors are in evaluation system shown in Figure 4 in addition, change actual incentive optical wavelength on one side, measured the luminous power of FWM conversion light on one side.Fig. 7 is the curve map of the measurement result of expression FWM luminous power.In this is measured, prepared the HNL-DFF of said sample No.9.And, be fixed at incentive optical wavelength under the state of 1540nm, when being respectively 16dBm, the power input of exciting light and detection light measured FWM luminous power corresponding to this detection optical wavelength.
In this manual, will be defined as the FWM waveband width than the wave band of the low 3dB of the peak value of FWM luminous power.In the case, if adopt above-mentioned assay method, then can obtain the waveband width (with reference to Fig. 7) of 20nm as can be known.Different incentive optical wavelengths has been marked and drawed this FWM waveband width, and its result is the curve G860 among Fig. 8.As can be seen from Figure 8, in the wavelength coverage of 1530nm～1565nm, can guarantee the FWM waveband width of 20nm.This fact represents that the Detuning of incentive optical wavelength is more than the 30nm, means by adopting HNL-DFF, can wave band that can wavelength conversion is more a lot of than enlarge in the past.In addition, transform power is about-19dB, with the fibre length of 500m, can obtain the ratio high conversion efficiency of chromatic dispersion flat fiber in the past, and can realize practical value.Therefore, nonlinear constant γ is preferably more than 10 (1/W/km).
Fig. 8 is to be benchmark with the optical fiber of sample No.9 (HNL-DFF), under certain chromatic dispersion gradient, and the curve map that the wavelength dependency of the FWM waveband width under the situation that has been offset the peak value dispersion values has been carried out computer simulation.In Fig. 8, curve G810 represents corresponding to the FWM waveband width of the incentive optical wavelength of the HNLF of usefulness (sample No.10) relatively, curve G820 represents corresponding to wavelength dispersion (the original wavelength dispersion of HNL-DFF of the sample No.9 when wavelength is 1545nm, down with) be the FWM waveband width of incentive optical wavelength of the HNL-DFF of 0.065ps/nm/km, curve G830 represents corresponding to wavelength dispersion to be the FWM waveband width of incentive optical wavelength of the HNL-DFF of 0ps/nm/km, curve G840 represents corresponding to the FWM waveband width of wavelength dispersion for the incentive optical wavelength of the HNL-DFF of-0.065ps/nm/km, then, curve G850 represents corresponding to the FWM waveband width of wavelength dispersion for the incentive optical wavelength of the HNL-DFF of+0.13ps/nm/km.In addition, as mentioned above, curve G860 is a measurement result of different incentive optical wavelengths having been marked and drawed the FWM waveband width.Can confirm from this figure,,, also can avoid the rapid stricturization of FWM waveband width even the incentive optical wavelength vibration is very big by adopting HNL-DFF in the wavelength shifter.In addition, from curve G810 as can be known, existing HNLF need make incentive optical wavelength and zero-dispersion wavelength coupling, if incentive optical wavelength offset from zero dispersion wavelength, then conversion efficiency sharply descends.
In addition, shown in the table among Fig. 5,, can obtain fully to be lower than the value of 1dB/km about the transmission loss of above-mentioned optical fiber.But, in the optical fiber that in wavelength shifter of the present invention, is suitable for, if nonlinear constant γ is more than 10 (1/W/km), even then transmission loss is 1dB/km, also can be with obtaining sufficiently high conversion efficiency about fibre length 1km (1000m), so if this transmission loss is below the 1dB/km, then can think practical no problem.
In addition, about the induction Brillouin scattering, under the service condition of reality, whether can find to be a problem.Otherwise, as the condition of in fact importing, under the generation threshold value of flashlight and exciting light is situation below the 10dBm, because the problem that is declined to become of conversion efficiency, so this means optical fiber and the exciting light light source that is necessary to utilize the generation threshold value of guaranteeing that 10dBm at least is above.
The curve map of the wavelength dispersion when in addition, Fig. 9 is the expression excitation wavelength and the relation of FWM waveband width.In fact, if MIN Wavelength variable scope be ± 6nm (FWM waveband width=12nm), then think and can realize flexible optical-fiber network.Curve from Fig. 9 as can be known, the absolute value of its necessary wavelength chromatic dispersion is ± below the 0.2ps/nm/km.Therefore, for (1530nm～1565nm) realize the variable wavelength conversion in the Zone Full, in 1530nm～1565nm wavelength coverage, the absolute value of wavelength dispersion is necessary less than 0.2ps/nm/km at C-band.
Secondly, the optical communication system that can be suitable for wavelength shifter of the present invention is described.Figure 10 A～10E is the structural drawing of first embodiment that expression can be suitable for the optical communication system of wavelength shifter of the present invention.
In the optical communication system shown in Figure 10 A, on the transmission line main line, disposed successively to light receiving unit (RX) 202: photo-coupler 231, EDFA 212, DMF 222, variable decline device 241 (ATT), EDFA 213, the AWG 250 of subtracting that EDFA 211, DMF 221, guiding are used from the light of transmission line branch line from light transmitting element (TX) 201.On the transmission line branch line, be provided with wavelength shifter 200 (wavelength shifter of the present invention), these wavelength shifter 200 inputs are exported to main line by photo-coupler 231 with the conversion light of new provision wavelengths from the exciting light of exciting light light source 204 outputs and the flashlight that transmits successively EFDA 216 and transmission line fiber 224 after light transmitting element (TX) 203 outputs.This wavelength shifter 200 is provided with photo-coupler 232, the flashlight that 232 pairs of this photo-couplers have passed through the exciting light of EDFA 214, variable BPF 261 after 204 outputs of exciting light light source successively and passed through EDFA 215, variable BPF 262 after 224 outputs of transmission line fiber successively synthesizes, and HNL-DFF 223 is connected on the output terminal of this photo-coupler 232.In addition, variable BPF 263 and variable ATT 242 are configured between HNL-DFF 223 and the photo-coupler 231.
Usually, because FWM is the rapid development of expense (femto) second level, so as a kind of method of flashlight being carried out packets of information processing, can enumerate, this transform component is attached to the method in the conversion light that is obtained by suitably modulating the exciting light that is used for conversion.Optical communication system shown in Figure 10 A is a kind of like this system: imagination is appended the situation from the flashlight of branch line in the transmission line main line, to the flashlight that transmits in the main line switching of bursting, in its free time, carry so-called time division multiplex system from the data of branch line.In experiment, receive TDM (Time Division Multiplexing, time division multiplex) signal, studied respectively from the component of signal of main line and from the component of signal of branch line, confirmed to realize good light transmission.In addition, the back level at this wavelength shifter 200 is provided with variable BPF 263, so that remove exciting light (and input signal light).
In addition, Figure 10 B represents to be positioned at the main signal light component on the output terminals A of the EDFA 211 on the main line, Figure 10 C represents to be positioned at and appends the flashlight component on the output terminal B of the EDFA 215 on the branch line, Figure 10 D represent to be arranged on wavelength conversion on the output terminal C of the variable ATT 242 in the back level of wavelength shifter 200 the conversion light component, then, Figure 10 E represents to be positioned at the composite signal light component on the output terminal D of the EDFA 212 on the main line.
In addition, Figure 11 A～11E is the structural drawing of second embodiment that expression can be suitable for the optical communication system of wavelength shifter of the present invention.
In the optical communication system shown in Figure 11 A, the direction of propagation along the multiple flashlight of having changed of a plurality of channels has disposed on the transmission line main line: photo-coupler 320, EDFA302, transmission line fiber 312, EDFA 303 that EDFA 301, transmission line fiber 311, guiding are used from the light of transmission line branch line successively.Wavelength shifter 300 is configured on the transmission line branch line, and another flashlight is imported in this wavelength shifter 300 by EDFA 304, transmission line fiber 313.Then, the conversion light of exporting from this wavelength shifter 300 passes through photo-coupler 320, is imported into main line.
Can envision under the situation of flexible network, the Wavelength distribution of the WDM in the transmission line main line (Wavelength Division Multiplexing, wavelength-division multiplex) signal changes in time.Therefore, in order to improve the utilization ratio of each signaling channel, the flashlight that converges from branch line and the idle condition of the signaling channel the main line are mated, be necessary suitably to carry out tuning the conversion wavelength.In the case, wavelength shifter of the present invention is adapted at generating in the wide wave band conversion light of desired wavelength as the variable wavelength transducer, constitutes optical communication system easily.
In addition, Figure 11 B represents to be positioned at the WDM flashlight on the input end A of the EDFA 301 on the main line, Figure 11 C represents to be positioned at the flashlight on the input end B of the EDFA 304 on the branch line, Figure 11 D represent on the output terminal C of wavelength shifter 300 wavelength conversion conversion light, then, Figure 11 E represents to be positioned at the WDM flashlight on the output terminal D of the EDFA 302 on the main line.
In addition, use HNL-DFF of the present invention, can generate the paramp of high efficiency SC (Supercontinuum) light and realization broadband light etc.
According to above explanation of the present invention, can carry out various distortion to the present invention as can be known.Such distortion can not think and break away from thought of the present invention and scope that the self-explantory improvement of all professional is included in the following claim.
The possibility of industrial utilization
If employing the present invention is then by utilizing with respect to powerful exciting light, chromatic dispersion The high non-linearity chromatic dispersion flat fiber that slope is little is realized wavelength shifter, even as exciting light The Detuning of the difference of the zero-dispersion wavelength of wavelength and this high non-linearity chromatic dispersion flat fiber increases, Also can generate powerful conversion light. In addition, even make the incentive optical wavelength varying width reach 35nm About wave-length coverage owing to can keep fully wavelength conversion corresponding to this incentive optical wavelength The luminous power of light is so can obtain to realize the variable wavelength conversion of more broadband wavelength conversion Device.
Claims (11)
1, a kind of wavelength shifter is used for utilizing nonlinear optical phenomena, from first wavelength input light produce wavelength conversion, the conversion light of second wavelength different with this first wavelength, it is characterized in that:
Comprise the optical fiber that has the wavelength dispersion of absolute value≤0.2ps/nm/km at least for the wavelength coverage of 1530nm～1565nm.
2, wavelength shifter according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Above-mentioned optical fiber has absolute value≤0.01ps/nm at wavelength 1550nm place
2The chromatic dispersion gradient of/km.
3, wavelength shifter according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
For the excitation light wavelength that supplies to this wavelength shifter in addition, above-mentioned optical fiber has absolute value≤0.01ps/nm
2The chromatic dispersion gradient of/km.
4, wavelength shifter according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
This wavelength shifter utilizes nonlinear optical phenomena, carries out wavelength conversion from the exciting light of at least one excitation channel and the flashlight of at least one signaling channel, produces the conversion light of at least one channel,
This wavelength shifter has:
The wavelength variable exciting light light source of above-mentioned excitation channel; And
Has absolute value≤0.01ps/nm for the excitation light wavelength of supplying with from above-mentioned exciting light light source
2The optical fiber of the chromatic dispersion gradient of/km.
5, a kind of wavelength shifter is used for utilizing nonlinear optical phenomena, from first wavelength input light produce wavelength conversion the conversion light of second wavelength different with this first wavelength, it is characterized in that:
Be included in the optical fiber that has two zero-dispersion wavelengths in the wavelength coverage of 1300nm～1700nm at least, and
Exciting light for being transfused to has 〉=the generation threshold value of the induction Brillouin scattering of 10dBm.
6, wavelength shifter according to claim 1 or 5 is characterized in that:
Above-mentioned optical fiber has 〉=nonlinear constant of 10 (1/W/km) for wavelength 1550nm.
7, according to the wavelength shifter of claim 1 or 5, it is characterized in that:
Above-mentioned optical fiber has≤transmission loss of 1dB/km for wavelength 1550nm.
8, wavelength shifter according to claim 4 is characterized in that:
Permission variable-width 〉=20nm from the conversion light wavelength of above-mentioned optical fiber output.
9, wavelength shifter according to claim 4 is characterized in that:
At least for the signaling channel of the wavelength coverage of 1530nm～1565nm, be 〉=20nm from the permission variable-width of the conversion light wavelength of above-mentioned optical fiber output.
10, wavelength shifter according to claim 1 or 5 is characterized in that:
Also have the light output end side that is configured in above-mentioned optical fiber, block the light parts that the exciting light propagated is used in this optical fiber.
11, wavelength shifter according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
This wavelength shifter is for the exciting light that is transfused to, and has 〉=the generation threshold value of the induction Brillouin scattering of 10dBm.
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| US7233727B2 (en) | 2005-07-11 | 2007-06-19 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical fiber and optical device using the same |
| JP4887675B2 (en) * | 2005-07-11 | 2012-02-29 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Optical fiber and optical device using the same |
| DK1995632T3 (en) | 2006-03-15 | 2013-08-12 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | Optical fiber and broadband light source |
| US20070258717A1 (en) * | 2006-05-01 | 2007-11-08 | Masaaki Hirano | Optical device and wavelength conversion method and optical fiber suitable for them |
| JP5261968B2 (en) * | 2006-05-01 | 2013-08-14 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Optical device, wavelength conversion method, and optical fiber suitable therefor |
| JP4640420B2 (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2011-03-02 | 沖電気工業株式会社 | Wavelength conversion device and wavelength conversion method |
| JP4605269B2 (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2011-01-05 | 沖電気工業株式会社 | Optical pulse signal regeneration method and optical pulse signal regeneration apparatus |
| JP5532759B2 (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2014-06-25 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Optical fiber type device |
| JP2019095649A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2019-06-20 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Optical fiber and light source device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5960146A (en) * | 1996-07-24 | 1999-09-28 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical fiber and light source apparatus |
| CN1294690A (en) * | 1999-02-22 | 2001-05-09 | 古河电气工业株式会社 | Optical transmission line, negtive dispersion optical fiber used for optical transmission line, and optical transmission system comprising optical transmission line |
| CN1359013A (en) * | 2000-11-13 | 2002-07-17 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Optical fiber, non-linear optical fiber, optical fiber amplifier, wavelength converter and optical fiber making method |
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| JP3558499B2 (en) * | 1996-07-24 | 2004-08-25 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Optical fiber, light source device and system |
| JP3401483B2 (en) * | 2000-07-04 | 2003-04-28 | 科学技術振興事業団 | Wavelength converter |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5960146A (en) * | 1996-07-24 | 1999-09-28 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical fiber and light source apparatus |
| CN1294690A (en) * | 1999-02-22 | 2001-05-09 | 古河电气工业株式会社 | Optical transmission line, negtive dispersion optical fiber used for optical transmission line, and optical transmission system comprising optical transmission line |
| CN1359013A (en) * | 2000-11-13 | 2002-07-17 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Optical fiber, non-linear optical fiber, optical fiber amplifier, wavelength converter and optical fiber making method |
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| Generation of Ultra-Broad Band Supercontinuum byDespersion-Flattened and Decreasing Fiber.T.OKUNO et al.IEEE,Photo n.Tech.Lett.,Vol.10 No.1. 1998 * |
| Silica-based functional fibers with enhanced nonlinearity andtheir applications.OKUNO T et al.IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS,Vol.5 No.5. 1999 * |
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