CN100349003C - Method for eliminating imaging error of undulating the earth's surface - Google Patents
Method for eliminating imaging error of undulating the earth's surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN100349003C CN100349003C CNB2004101026325A CN200410102632A CN100349003C CN 100349003 C CN100349003 C CN 100349003C CN B2004101026325 A CNB2004101026325 A CN B2004101026325A CN 200410102632 A CN200410102632 A CN 200410102632A CN 100349003 C CN100349003 C CN 100349003C
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- extrapolation
- wave field
- curved surface
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- field
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a rolling ground surface imaging error eliminating method of geophysical exploration seismic data by using the simple harmonic wave fitting technology. The seismic data of the observation system is collected; the seismic data which need be processed by wave field extrapolation is drawn into a common shot point path gather or a common demodulator probe path gather to be sorted out so as to obtain the corresponding known wave field; the region from the rolling ground surface to the extrapolation destination cambered surface is processed in an extrapolation gridding splitting mode; the original wave field data are converted from the time field to the frequency field; the extrapolation operator corresponding to the split gridding is calculated with the simple harmonic wave fitting method; the wave field extrapolation of the seismic data is calculated by using the extrapolation operator; the wave field data which is extrapolated to the destination cambered surface is converted from the frequency field to the time field, and the image forms. The present invention can eliminate rolling ground surface imaging errors in the seismic data processing with small errors, small interference and high precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the disposal route of geophysical survey geological data, particularly relate to a kind of method of utilizing the simple harmonic wave fitting technique to eliminate the relief surface image error.
Background technology
Relief surface is the difficult problem that oil-gas seismic exploration faces, and when the face of land acutely rose and fell, conventional static correcting method (static time shift) was difficult to eliminate the error that imaging exists fully, and velocity analysis, stacking image are all affected adversely.Equally, when (static time shift) correcting value was big, still there was analogue in base-level correction poststack data.The method that addresses this problem normally replaces static time shift with wave field extrapolation, and the ripple of different angle can both correctly be playbacked, thereby makes treatment step thereafter can reach good imaging effect.Wave field extrapolation is a very important technology during geological data is handled, and has formed many technical methods that are suitable for the plane-wave field extrapolation for a long time, as method of difference and phase-shift method etc.There are two major defects in these algorithms when carrying out the on-plane surface wave field extrapolation: one have to wave field is carried out when carrying out the on-plane surface wave field extrapolation approximate processing of non-fluctuation, this processing is actually a disturbance to former wave field, causes big imaging error sometimes; Its two in many areas because the influence of surface conditions causes the non-systematicness that observation station distributes on the survey line, and method of difference and phase-shift method requirement sampling point must be equally spaced, for this reason, at a large amount of zero data tracks of survey line interpolation, disturb sometimes thereby in the wave field extrapolation process, produce.In addition, method of difference can not keep degree of precision with step change, and phase-shift method is poor to the adaptive faculty of velocity variations.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of in geological data is handled the method for the elimination relief surface image error that error is little, interference is little, precision is high.
The method of elimination relief surface image error of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) gathers the recording geometry geological data;
(2) geological data that needs are carried out wave field extrapolation is pumped into common-shot-gather or common detector gather arrangement, obtains corresponding known wave field;
(3) original wave field data are transformed to frequency field from time domain;
(4) to relief surface to the zone between the purpose curved surface of the extrapolating mesh generation of extrapolating;
(5) calculate extrapolation operator with the simple harmonic wave fitting method corresponding to the subdivision grid;
(6) utilizing extrapolation operator that geological data is carried out wave field extrapolation calculates;
(7) wave field that will be extrapolated to the purpose curved surface is from the frequency domain transformation to the time domain and imaging.
The method of elimination relief surface image error of the present invention, employed migration algorithm formula is:
Mp＝0
Wherein, M is the extrapolation operator of a linear numerical matrix form, and p is arbitrary wave field, and the computing formula of simple harmonic wave match is:
Me
i＝0
E in the formula
iBe simple harmonic quantity list ripple, i=1,2 ....
The method of elimination relief surface image error of the present invention uses simple harmonic wave to come the actual wave field of match when finding the solution in the subrange extrapolation operator, and formula is:
E
TM
T＝0
Wherein, M
TBe the transposed matrix of extrapolation operator, E is the set of simple harmonic quantity list ripple, E
TBe the transposed matrix of wave field, E
T=(e
1, e
2...)
T
The method of elimination relief surface image error of the present invention, implementation method is: be located at local A, B, C, D, E, F 6 points on every side, corresponding p, e
iBe respectively with M
p＝(p
A，p
B，p
C，p
D，p
E，p
F)
T
M＝(M
A，M
B，M
C，M
D，M
E，M
F)
By known wave field curved surface l
0(... A, B, C ...) to unknown wave field curved surface l
1(... D, E, F ...) extrapolation is by finding the solution multiple (frequency-spatial domain) trigonometric equation group
The method of elimination relief surface image error of the present invention, wave field extrapolation is progressively extrapolated from face of land curved surface, up to the purpose curved surface, realizes on-plane surface wave field extrapolation process.
The present invention adopts the simple harmonic wave match to realize the wave field extrapolation of free form surface, has a significant effect:
(1) the present invention can realize extrapolation having overcome the defective that existing plane-wave field extrapolation algorithm exists very naturally on free form surface;
(2) the present invention can adapt to the variation of the step-length of extrapolating very naturally and keep higher imaging precision;
(3) the present invention's variation of speed-adaptive very naturally;
(4) the present invention can realize absorbing boundary very naturally;
(5) the present invention can adapt to the inhomogeneous of sampling interval very naturally in extrapolation process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a free form surface wave field extrapolation grid synoptic diagram, and wave field is by known wave field curved surface l
0(... A, B, C ...) outer push unknown wave field curved surface l to
1(... D, E, F......);
Fig. 2 is the rate pattern of a rough ground table, and the variation range of this model underground medium speed is between the 1500m/s to 3000m/s;
Fig. 3 is positioned at the initial wave field that rate pattern bottom is used for just drilling, and wave field is respectively-45 °, 0 °, 45 ° lineups by three groups of degree of depth angles that intersect at a point and is formed;
Fig. 4 observes the wave field that obtains for the initial wave field in model shown in Figure 3 bottom through just drilling (realizing with phase shift method) at the relief surface place;
Fig. 5 is for being extrapolated to simple harmonic wave fitting process (free form surface extrapolation method) wave field of observing at the relief surface place shown in Figure 4 the result of model bottom by the model relief surface.
Fig. 6 is the face of land elevation of a real data, and wave field extrapolation purpose face elevation is 1000m, from the face of land to the extrapolation speed between the wave field extrapolation purpose face be 2500m/s;
Fig. 7 is the real data before the wave field extrapolation;
Fig. 8 is the result behind the wave field extrapolation.
Embodiment
The implementation step of utilizing this method to extrapolate is:
1. at first needs are carried out the geological data of wave field extrapolation, data are as shown in Figure 7 imported arrangement, utilize Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT) that original wave field data are transformed to frequency field from time domain;
2. as shown in Figure 6 to relief surface curved surface to the zone between the purpose face of the extrapolating mesh generation of extrapolating, L1 is initial relief surface curved surface, L2 is the curved surface of extrapolating for the first time, L3 is secondary extrapolation curved surface, by that analogy, Ln is the n-1 time an extrapolation curved surface, until arriving wave field extrapolation purpose face;
3. according to the extrapolation grid behind the subdivision, utilize following formula:
E
TM
T＝0
Calculate respectively from n extrapolation curved surface to n+1 the corresponding extrapolation operator of extrapolation curved surface;
4. in each frequency, for 6 points up and down of a grid, D, E, F 3 points on 3 of A, B, C on the curved surface L1 that specifically extrapolates as shown in Figure 6 and the extrapolation curved surface L2, utilize following formula:
By finding the solution the multiple trigonometric equation group of frequency-spatial domain, just can be by known wave field (P
A, P
B, P
C) obtain the wave field (P on the next extrapolated side
D, P
E, P
F), calculate all grids between extrapolation curved surface L1 and the extrapolation curved surface L2 successively, just wave field can be extrapolated to extrapolation curved surface L2 from extrapolation curved surface L1, the circulation extrapolation between the curved surface of extrapolating, just wave field can be extrapolated to the purpose face from initial relief surface curved surface, thereby realized frequency field wave field data extrapolation calculating, the above process that circulates is up to finishing all frequency computation part;
The wave field data that 5. will be extrapolated to the purpose curved surface as shown in Figure 8 utilize inverse fast fourier transform (FFT) from the frequency domain transformation to the time domain, obtain the wave field of extrapolating.
Claims (3)
1. method of eliminating the relief surface image error is characterized in that:
(1) gathers the recording geometry geological data;
(2) geological data that needs are carried out wave field extrapolation is pumped into common-shot-gather or common detector gather arrangement, obtains corresponding known wave field;
(3) to relief surface to the zone between the purpose curved surface of the extrapolating mesh generation of extrapolating; At first be the initial curved surface of mesh generation with relief surface curved surface (L1), extrapolate for the first time curved surface (L2), the curved surface (L3) of extrapolating for the second time of subdivision then, subdivision to the curved surface (Ln) of extrapolating for n-1 time successively, the final curved surface of subdivision is the purpose curved surface;
(4) original wave field data are transformed to frequency field from time domain;
(5) calculate extrapolation operator with the simple harmonic wave fitting method corresponding to the subdivision grid;
(6) utilizing extrapolation operator that geological data is carried out wave field extrapolation calculates;
(7) the wave field data that will be extrapolated to the purpose curved surface are from the frequency domain transformation to the time domain and imaging.
Use the actual wave field of simple harmonic wave match during extrapolation operator in calculating, formula is:
E
TM
T＝0
Wherein, M
TBe the transposed matrix of extrapolation operator, E is the set of simple harmonic quantity list ripple, E
TTransposed matrix for wave field;
The formula of realizing wave field extrapolation is:
D, E, F 3 points in the formula on A, B, 3 of C and the extrapolation curved surface L2, known wave field P
A, P
B, P
C, the wave field (P on the extrapolated side
D, P
E, P
F
2. the method for elimination relief surface image error as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the formula of employed migration algorithm is:
Mp＝0
Wherein, M is the extrapolation operator of a linear numerical matrix form, and p is arbitrary wave field, and the computing formula of simple harmonic wave match is:
Me
i＝0
E in the formula
iBe simple harmonic quantity list ripple, i=1,2 ...;
3. the method for elimination relief surface image error as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: wave field extrapolation is progressively extrapolated from face of land curved surface, up to the purpose curved surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004101026325A CN100349003C (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2004-12-29 | Method for eliminating imaging error of undulating the earth's surface |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004101026325A CN100349003C (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2004-12-29 | Method for eliminating imaging error of undulating the earth's surface |
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|---|---|
| CN1797028A CN1797028A (en) | 2006-07-05 |
| CN100349003C true CN100349003C (en) | 2007-11-14 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8301385B2 (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2012-10-30 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Shot gather data beamer and debeamer |
| CN102338887B (en) * | 2010-07-14 | 2013-09-04 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Irregular-size space-variant grid tomography imaging statics correction method |
| CN102520438B (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-19 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司 | Method for analyzing influence scope of interference |
| CN104570069B (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2017-10-27 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | A kind of seismic imaging method and apparatus from relief surface direct imaging |
| CN112799126B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-04-08 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Seismic data reconstruction method, apparatus, medium, and device along undulating surface |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1266497A (en) * | 1997-08-15 | 2000-09-13 | 施鲁博格控股有限公司 | Method of processing seismic data |
| WO2003056362A1 (en) * | 2001-12-22 | 2003-07-10 | Westerngeco Seismic Holdings Limited | A method of seismic surveying and a seismic surveying arrangement |
| CN1481511A (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2004-03-10 | 迈吉克厄思有限公司 | System and mtehod for analyzing and imaging enhanced three-D volume data set using one or more attributes |
-
2004
- 2004-12-29 CN CNB2004101026325A patent/CN100349003C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1266497A (en) * | 1997-08-15 | 2000-09-13 | 施鲁博格控股有限公司 | Method of processing seismic data |
| CN1481511A (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2004-03-10 | 迈吉克厄思有限公司 | System and mtehod for analyzing and imaging enhanced three-D volume data set using one or more attributes |
| WO2003056362A1 (en) * | 2001-12-22 | 2003-07-10 | Westerngeco Seismic Holdings Limited | A method of seismic surveying and a seismic surveying arrangement |
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