CN100344919C - 无管路空气循环的食物冷藏器 - Google Patents
无管路空气循环的食物冷藏器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种食物冷藏器(14),包括容器(2),其中冷却空气在珀尔帖效应热电装置(12)的吸热器(10)上方移动,并直接进入该容器(2)中。来自容器的回流空气从容器底部退出,并直接进入风扇(9)内用于再循环流动。省去了使用较长的空气管路系统,可简化结构并减少热量损失。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于冷藏新鲜水果和其他新鲜食物制品的设备,特别是涉及一种使用珀尔帖效应热电装置的、改进的台面安放式水果冷藏器。
背景技术
遵循公知的珀尔帖效应进行工作的热电装置,被用作冷却/加热装置已经有许多年。这种热电装置包括一排的半导体电偶,其中这些半导体电偶进行电串联连接和热并联连接。半导体电偶被夹在金属化陶瓷基片之间。当直流电流串联地施加给热电装置时,该热电装置用作热泵,其中在冷侧吸收热量,从而对冷侧进行冷却,同时热量在另一侧散失。电流的反向会导致热流动方向的反向。将散热器和吸热器附着在相应的冷热两侧上,可以提高该热电装置的效率。
珀尔帖效应装置已经长期用于设置冷却器和/或加热器,以保持食物新鲜或温热食物以便供应。已经发现并众所周知地,使用强迫空气对流可促进热传递。典型地,较小的电扇用于使空气循环经过吸热器、进入并贯穿食物用容器,同时另一个风扇使外部环境空气横穿过散热器,以从该散热器处散发热量。
尽管在现有技术中新鲜水果和其他易腐烂食物制品用的冷藏器是公知的,但这些装置在市场上的销售却不太成功。可能有众多的原因来解释市场销售的不太成功。一个原因是实心的热电模块的成本和热传递效率。此外,为获得最大的冷却效率需要进行冷却空气的循环,这导致管路系统较为复杂,该较为复杂的管路系统大大地增加了容器(典型地由模制塑料材料制成)的成本。较长且复杂的空气循环管路系统也导致了热量损失和压力下降,这二者都会降低效率或增加产品成本。
发明内容
根据本发明,新鲜水果或其他易腐烂食物制品用的冷藏器使用这样一个结构,该结构可使生产成本最小化,同时还允许优化冷却空气的流动,并且允许使用相对较小的热电模块。可提高效率的热电模块(如美国专利No.5,448,109揭示),特别适合用于本发明的水果冷藏器中。
具体地,根据本发明的一个方面,一种食物冷藏器,包括:支承基座,其包括壳体;珀尔帖效应热电装置,其设置在所述壳体中位于吸热器和散热器之间;封闭的食物容器,其邻接壳体,并由基座挡板从所述壳体处分隔开;所述容器包括从基座挡板处延伸的外壁;所述基座挡板支承着热电装置,并分隔开吸热器和散热器;分设的挡隔件,其覆盖了吸热器的至少一部分,并与所述基座挡板隔开,所述分设的挡隔件具有平面的食物支承上表面和与所述容器外壁隔开的周向外边缘,以限定直接从吸热器到容器内部的环形空气流开口;并且,所述挡隔件具有从容器内部通向吸热器的中心空气流开口;和风扇,其邻接所述分设的挡隔件,且直接位于所述中心空气流开口下方并与所述吸热器流体连通,以产生位于整个吸热器并通过所述环形空气流开口直接进入容器的循环空气流。
根据最广泛的方面,本发明的食物冷藏器包括安置珀尔帖效应热电模块用的基座壳体,其中该珀尔帖效应热电模块夹在吸热器和相反的散热器之间。冷却空气循环风扇使空气循环流经食物容器,并流经吸热器上方。为了减少制造成本,没有设置分开的管路系统。当空气从循环风扇退出时,空气撞击吸热器并直接进入食物容器。
食物容器部分与基座壳体相邻,且包括封闭的侧壁和可移开或开启的盖子以拿取食物。
在优选的综合实施例中,容纳热电装置的壳体与食物容纳部分一体形成,从而减少了制造部件的数量,因此降低了制造成本。
食物容器部分通常由可移开或开启的盖子进行封闭,以使得冷却空气连续不断地再循环流动。然而,在一个实施例中,外部环境空气供应导管与冷却管路系统连通,并包括控制外部空气流入的计量装置,以协助排出冷却管路系统中的乙烯气体和水果的其他成熟副产物。计量装置可含有连接到风扇上游的管路系统上的小径管子。
为了帮助保持容器的内部温度,可移开的绝缘套筒被插入容器内。该套筒的形状与封闭侧壁的内部相一致。可移开的盖子也可设置有绝缘衬套。
在容器内部可放置各种排列方式的隔件,以通过改变流经不同区域的冷却空气流动,将容器分割为不同温度的区域。这些隔件可以垂直安装以从容器底壁向上延伸,或者水平安装并附着到例如中心支柱或容器侧壁上。
附图说明
图1是透视图,显示了本发明的水果冷藏器的总体布置结构。
图2是图1所示的水果冷藏器的垂直剖视图。
图3是图1所示水果冷藏器半剖后的透视图,用于显示内部部件。
图4是与图3类似的、除去上挡隔件后的透视图。
图5是图1所示水果冷藏器(除去了盖子)的顶部透视图。
图6是与图5类似的、除去上挡隔件后的视图。
图7是图2垂直剖视图的局部详细视图。
图8是水果冷藏器的备选实施例的垂直半剖透视图,用于显示内部部件。
图9是与图8类似的、除去吸热器上板件后的视图。
图10是图8所示水果冷藏器的备选实施例(除去盖子)的顶部透视图。
图11是与图10类似的、除去吸热器上板件后的视图。
图12是图8所示水果冷藏器的备选实施例的局部垂直剖视图。
图13是水果冷藏器的备选实施例垂直半剖后的透视图,用于显示内部部件。
图14是图13所示水果冷藏器的备选实施例的垂直剖视图。
优选实施例的详细说明
在图1和图2中,显示了根据本发明一个实施例的水果冷藏器14。该水果冷藏器包括在水平面上支承冷藏器的支承基座1。在此将详细描述用于容纳冷却系统各个部件的基座内侧的空间。容器2安置在基座1上。可移开的盖子3提供了通向被保藏食物的通道。基座1、容器2和可移开的盖子3可以全部由注塑成形的塑料材料制成。基座1优选是不透明的,而容器2和盖子3优选是透明的。
同样如图3-7显示,基座1适当地支承在支腿15上,来提供位于基座下方的开口空间,以便于环境冷却空气的进入。基座1的靠下内部限定了充分敞开的环境空气室16,其中该环境空气室16大体由基座侧壁17和基座挡板13所限定。
容器2和容置在其中的食物制品被热电模块12冷却,其中该热电模块利用了公知的珀尔帖(Peltier)效应。热电模块12安置在基座挡板13上,且大体水平地放置在挡板13所在的平面上。通过向热电模块施加直流电流,在一个表面(本例中是热电模块12的上侧)处吸收热量,进而冷却了该表面。热量在该热电模块的另一表面(本例中是热电模块12的下侧)处散失,进而加热所述另一表面。如现有技术中所熟知地,吸热器(cold sink)10附着在热电模块12的上表面,且散热器(heat sink)11附着在热电模块的下表面。吸热器10典型地由铝制成,且包括平面基底18和一组密排的肋片19。图6中最适合观察吸热器。类似地,散热器11包括铝制基板20和一体的密排的肋片21。在散热器11处工作的热电模块12所排出的热量,经环境空气室16被环境空气的流动所散失。
离心风扇9通过上挡隔件6(该上挡隔件6覆盖着吸热器10)中的孔5将空气吸入,并沿径向经吸热器肋片19将空气排出,可选地将空气排入到吸热器的基底18和上挡隔件6之间的空间8内。随着空气流经上挡隔件6和吸热器基底18之间并经过环形开口4,空气进入了食物容器内部24。通过这种方式,容器内部24中的空气再循环流动并冷却。
上述实施例通过减少制造部件的数量来最小化制造成本。
在如图8-12所示的另一个实施例中,吸热器27由基板26(优选由铝制成)和上板件23(也优选由铝制成)组成。突起25隔开了基板26和上板件23。空气通过吸热器上板件23中的孔22进入离心风扇9,并在基板26和吸热器上板件23之间沿径向退出风扇9。空气在接触基板26和吸热器上板件23被冷却后,经开口4进入食物容器24。该实施例通过减少制造部件的数量来减少了制造成本。该实施例也提供了外形较小的冷却系统,因此最大化了食物存储的内部空间。
已知地,成熟水果会释放出乙烯气体和有机分解的其他副产物。需要通过定期或周期地更换在容器内部24再循环流动的冷却空气,来排出上述气体。特别如图13和14所示,环境气体导管29包括小径的计量管,且从食物容器2的侧壁延伸至孔5,其中在孔5处少量的外部环境气体被吸热器风扇9吸入,并与再循环冷却空气相混和。如图所示,环境空气导管29在孔5的上方开口,其中孔5正好位于风扇9入口的上游。但是可以理解,导管可以在其他位置连接在管路系统上。可以通过使用在导管29入口端的可选夹管阀或计量阀30来调节环境空气的进气。为了使乙烯或其他气态副产物相应地排出,优选在容器2和盖子3之间设置小的漏隙,但是也可以使用手动调节的出气狭缝。该狭缝可以设置在容器2的壁上或者盖子3上。
如前所述,热电模块12一般被设置为上表面是冷的,而下表面是热的。因为使供应给热电模块的电流极性反向会导致热流动方向反向,所以上述两个实施例中任一的水果冷藏器都可用于温热水果以促进或强化水果的成熟。在该可选的结构中,热电模块12的上表面是热的,而下表面是冷的。
某些水果在购买时经常还处于生的或半熟的状态。例如香蕉在购买时通常处于半熟状态,并允许在敞开的空气中成熟。通过使供应给热电模块12的电流极性反向,可以利用温热来使生的或半熟的水果快速地成熟;当成熟后,通过再次使电流反向以向容器24提供冷却空气,从而水果可以保存较长时间。
总之,温度控制是优异的(且迄今为止是最好的)控制水果成熟的方式。如上所述,温热可以被用来强化和促进生的或半熟的水果成熟;但是在水果成熟后,冷却是减慢生物成熟过程并在较长时间内保存水果的最佳可行方式。
热电模块12的热传递方向可以如上所述地进行反向。也可以通过控制所供应的电流和电压来控制加热和冷却的程度。通过这一方式,用户例如可以选择一个设定点来使水果按照所需的速度成熟;或者相反地,用户可以选择一个冷却设定点,以在使水果最为可口的某一温度下保存成熟的水果。也可以使用其他的冷却或加热方式,或者由用户手动设置,或者由可编程微处理芯片进行控制。
Claims (13)
1、一种食物冷藏器,包括:
支承基座,其包括壳体;
珀尔帖效应热电装置,其设置在所述壳体中位于吸热器和散热器之间;
封闭的食物容器,其邻接壳体,并由基座挡板从所述壳体处分隔开;
所述容器包括从基座挡板处延伸的外壁;
所述基座挡板支承着热电装置,并分隔开吸热器和散热器;
分设的挡隔件,其覆盖了吸热器的至少一部分,并与所述基座挡板隔开,所述分设的挡隔件具有平面的食物支承上表面和与所述容器外壁隔开的周向外边缘,以限定直接从吸热器到容器内部的环形空气流开口;并且,所述挡隔件具有从容器内部通向吸热器的中心空气流开口;和
风扇,其邻接所述分设的挡隔件,且直接位于所述中心空气流开口下方并与所述吸热器流体连通,以产生位于整个吸热器并通过所述环形空气流开口直接进入容器的循环空气流。
2、如权利要求1所述的食物冷藏器,其特征在于:所述吸热器包括平面的基底,该平面基底具有垂直于所述基底而延伸的彼此隔开的一体肋片。
3、如权利要求2所述的食物冷藏器,其特征在于:所述吸热器由铝制成。
4、如权利要求2所述的食物冷藏器,其特征在于:所述基座挡板支承着所述吸热器的平面基底,且所述挡隔件包括所述吸热器的一体部分。
5、如权利要求4所述的食物冷藏器,其特征在于:所述吸热器由铝制成。
6、如权利要求1所述的食物冷藏器,其特征在于还包括导管,以将容器内部和外部环境空气相连接。
7、如权利要求6所述的食物冷藏器,其特征在于还包括设置在所述导管中的阀,用于控制外部环境空气的流动。
8、如权利要求1所述的食物冷藏器,其特征在于还包括通向容器内部的排气出口。
9、如权利要求8所述的食物冷藏器,其特征在于:所述排气出口包括设置在容器中的可调节狭槽。
10、如权利要求1所述的食物冷藏器,其特征在于还包括所述热电装置用的控制装置,用于控制空气流的温度。
11、如权利要求10所述的食物冷藏器,其特征在于:所述控制装置包括使供应给热电装置的电流极性反向的装置。
12、如权利要求10所述的食物冷藏器,其特征在于:所述控制装置包括用于控制供应给热电装置的电流和电压大小的装置。
13、如权利要求8所述的食物冷藏器,其特征在于:所述食物冷藏器还包括盖子,其中所述排气出口包括设置在所述盖子中的可调节狭槽。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/192,112 | 2002-07-10 | ||
US10/192,112 US6651445B1 (en) | 2002-07-10 | 2002-07-10 | Food chiller with ductless air circulation |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1701206A CN1701206A (zh) | 2005-11-23 |
CN100344919C true CN100344919C (zh) | 2007-10-24 |
Family
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CNB038209470A Expired - Fee Related CN100344919C (zh) | 2002-07-10 | 2003-06-30 | 无管路空气循环的食物冷藏器 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6651445B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1604156B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100344919C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE505696T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2003248803A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60336761D1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2362356T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1082288A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2004005808A1 (zh) |
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- 2003-06-30 DE DE60336761T patent/DE60336761D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60336761D1 (de) | 2011-05-26 |
ES2362356T3 (es) | 2011-07-04 |
CN1701206A (zh) | 2005-11-23 |
ATE505696T1 (de) | 2011-04-15 |
EP1604156B1 (en) | 2011-04-13 |
WO2004005808A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
AU2003248803A1 (en) | 2004-01-23 |
EP1604156A1 (en) | 2005-12-14 |
HK1082288A1 (en) | 2006-06-02 |
US6651445B1 (en) | 2003-11-25 |
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