CN100337352C - Mixed electrode structure of fuel cell - Google Patents

Mixed electrode structure of fuel cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100337352C
CN100337352C CNB031210104A CN03121010A CN100337352C CN 100337352 C CN100337352 C CN 100337352C CN B031210104 A CNB031210104 A CN B031210104A CN 03121010 A CN03121010 A CN 03121010A CN 100337352 C CN100337352 C CN 100337352C
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China
Prior art keywords
fuel
electrode part
electrodes
air
fuel cell
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Expired - Fee Related
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CNB031210104A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1532968A (en
Inventor
金铁焕
朴明硕
曺泰熙
李明浩
黄龙俊
高承兑
许成根
崔鸿
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LG Electronics Tianjin Appliances Co Ltd
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LG Electronics Tianjin Appliances Co Ltd
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Priority to CNB031210104A priority Critical patent/CN100337352C/en
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

The present invention relates to a mixed electrode structure for a fuel cell. The mixed electrode structure for a fuel cell comprises fuel electrodes and air electrodes which are overlapped at both sides of an electrolyte film, wherein fuel and air which are supplied to the outsides of the fuel electrodes and the air electrodes can generate water and electricity through the fuel electrodes and the air electrodes. For a fuel cell with the structure, the mixed electrode structure for a fuel cell of the present invention is characterized in that each fuel electrode is at least divided into more than two electrode parts, and all the electrode parts are made of different materials. Because each fuel electrode is formed by the separation of a plurality of electrode parts made of different materials, a second electrode part can reuse hydrogen gas generated in the reaction process of a first electrode part; thus, the performance of a fuel cell set can be improved, and the use efficiency of fuel can be improved simultaneously.

Description

Fuel cell
Technical field
The present invention relates to fuel cell, relate in particular to the electrode structure of fuel cell.
Background technology
Major part all comes from fossil fuel in the human energy that uses.What but the use of this fossil fuel can cause air pollution and acid rain, greenhouse effects of the earth etc. brings baneful influence to environment, and energy use efficiency is also very low.
Fuel cell proposes as the substitute of fossil fuel, and fuel cell is different with general battery (2 primary cell), from the outside to negative electrode (anode) fuel supplying (hydrogen or hydrocarbon gas); From outside anode (cathode) supply oxygen, utilize the electrolysis back reaction of water to carry out electrochemical reaction generation electricity and hot, in fact can regard Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) as battery string.
The method that fuel cell generates electricity is: burning (oxidation) reaction without fuel by the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, is directly changed into the energy difference before and after the reaction method of electric energy.
Fuel cell is classified according to electrolytical type, then be divided near the phosphoric acid type fuel cell of 200 ℃, working, the alkaline electrolyte type fuel cell of in 60～110 ℃ of scopes, working, the polymer electrolyte fuel cells of in ℃ scope of normal temperature～80, working, the fused carbonate electrolyte type fuel cell of under about 500～700 ℃ high temperature, working, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell of under the condition of high temperature more than 1000 ℃, working etc. in addition.
Describe below with reference to the fuel cell of back accompanying drawing paper prior art.
As shown in Figure 1, existing fuel cell comprises fuel battery 10, fuel supplies 20, air supply portion 30 and electric energy efferent 40 substantially.Fuel battery 10 possesses fuel electrodes 12 and air pole 13 is arranged, and the electrochemical reaction by hydrogen and oxygen generates electric energy usually; Fuel supplies 20 will include the boron hydride (BH of the aqueous solution state of hydrogen 4), in fact with hydrogen boron sodium (NaBH 4) be supplied to fuel electrodes 12; Air supply portion 30 is used for giving air pole 13 with the air supply that comprises oxygen; Electric energy efferent 40 will be given load at the supply of electrical energy that fuel battery 10 generates.
Above-mentioned fuel battery 10 is with after a plurality of monocells (single ce11) stack, utilizing long secure bond screw rod that each monocell is run through assembles, and each monocell comprises dielectric film 11, fuel electrodes 12 and air pole 13, demarcation strip (separator substantially, perhaps bipolar plate) 14,15.Fuel electrodes 12 and air pole 13 are superimposed as one in both sides in the HTHP mode across dielectric film 11; (14,15 are superimposed upon the outside of fuel electrodes 12 and air pole 13 to demarcation strip (separator, perhaps bipolar plate), make fuel and air contact respectively in fuel electrodes 12 and air pole 13 and circulate.In the outside of two ends monocell, collector plate (current co11ector) 16,17 forms collecting electrodes.
Dielectric film 11 is to transmit H +The film of the macromolecule material of ion, such as, the macroion exchange membrane that under moisture state, has conductivity.
Fuel electrodes 12 and air pole 13 are made of a supporter and a dielectric layer that is superimposed upon the whole two sides of supporter, and supporter is made of metallic nickel section bar (nickel form), and dielectric layer preferably applies the metal of hydrogen-storage alloy MH series.
As shown in Figure 2, demarcation strip 14,15 has adopted the strong materials such as graphite graphite of conductivity good corrosion resistance; Be formed with fuel flow path (fuel channel) (Cf) on the medial surface joint part of demarcation strip 14 and fuel electrodes 12, be used to make fuel (Cf) through fuel flow path (fuel channel); Be formed with air flow circuit (air channel) (Co) in demarcation strip 14 part that contacts with the medial surface of air pole 13, be used to make air (Co) through air flow circuit (air channel).A side that is arranged on the demarcation strip 14,15 between the monocell in addition forms fuel flow path Cf, and opposite side forms air flow circuit Co; 14,15 of demarcation strips that are arranged on fuel battery 10 both side ends form fuel flow path Cf or air flow circuit Co in the inboard.
Collector plate 16,17 is used for adopting electric conductor materials such as copper material usually as terminal from the fuel battery 10 final electric energy that take out.
In addition, the symbol 21 in the accompanying drawing is fuel supply pipes, the 22nd, and tanks, the 23rd, petrolift, the 31st, the air supply pipe, the 32nd, air pump, M are membrane module (membrane).
The process that produces electric energy when below the prior art fuel battery with said structure being acted as a fuel supply B compound is elaborated.
That is to say, be supplied to demarcation strip 14, fuel and the air of 15 fuel flow path Cf and air flow circuit Co pass through fuel electrodes (negative electrode respectively, anode) 12 and air pole (anode, cathode) 13, in said process, hydrogen in the fuel and airborne oxygen produce electrochemical reaction and generate water, produce electric current simultaneously between two electrodes.
Further specify, fuel electrodes 12 sides produce the fueled electrochemical oxidation reaction
BH 4 -+8OH -→BO 2 -+6H 2O+8e -；
Dielectric film 11 transmits the ion that oxidation/reduction reaction produces;
Produce the electrochemical reducting reaction of air (oxygen) in air pole 13
2O 2+4H 2O+8e -→8OH -。
So produce electromotive force between fuel electrodes 12 and the air pole 13, electromotive force is by collector plate 16,17 outputs at the two ends of the fuel battery 10 that is formed by stacking by a plurality of monocells, is supplied to load from the electric current of collector plate 16,17 outputs.
But, in the prior art fuel battery, to shown in Figure 4, fuel electrodes 12 is formed by monolithic entity as Fig. 2, but when having two or more different mutually reactive material in the inside of fuel battery 10, because the electrode characteristic difference, thus all substances effectively can not be utilized, especially during BFC, adopt hydrogen-storage alloy as electrode, then can not effectively utilize the hydrogen that produces in the course of reaction, directly discharge, so there is the problem that effectively to utilize fuel.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming that prior art exists, the invention provides a kind of fuel cell, when having multiple reactive material (BFC), can more effectively utilize the hydrogen that produces in the course of reaction with inside in fuel battery.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of fuel cell is included in polyelectrolyte membrane both sides superpose respectively fuel electrodes and air pole, to the boron hydride BH of described fuel electrodes supply aqueous solution state 4, to described air pole supply air, final described fuel and air produce power and water through fuel electrodes and air pole; It is characterized in that described fuel electrodes is separated with the 2nd electrode part by the 1st electrode part and formed; The dielectric layer of described the 1st electrode part is formed by hydrogen-storage alloy; The dielectric layer of described the 2nd electrode part is formed by platinum.
Aforesaid fuel cell, wherein in fuel electrodes, the surface area of surface area ratio the 2nd electrode part of the 1st electrode part is big.
Aforesaid fuel cell, wherein in fuel electrodes, the 1st electrode part and the 2nd electrode part are docked mutually, continuously configuration.
Fuel cell of the present invention can bring following effect: form because fuel electrodes is separated by a plurality of electrode part of mutual different material, so can utilize the hydrogen that produces in the 1st electrode part course of reaction again in the 2nd electrode part, improve the performance of fuel battery thus, improved the utilization ratio of fuel simultaneously.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of prior art fuel cell.
Fig. 2 is the exploded perspective schematic diagram of the part of prior art fuel battery.
Fig. 3 is the skiagraph of membrane-electrode combination (MEA:MEMBRANE-ELECTRODEASSEMBLY) embodiment of prior art fuel battery.
Fig. 4 is the front view of membrane-electrode combination (MEA:MEMBRANE-ELECTRODEASSEMBLY) embodiment of prior art fuel battery.
Fig. 5 is the schematic perspective view of the part of fuel battery of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the skiagraph of membrane-electrode combination (MEA:MEMBRANE-ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY) embodiment of fuel battery of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the front view of membrane-electrode combination (MEA:MEMBRANE-ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY) embodiment of fuel battery of the present invention.
The number in the figure explanation:
110: dielectric film 120: fuel electrodes
122: the 2 electrode part of 121: the 1 electrode part
130: air pole
Embodiment
Shown in Fig. 5,6,7, in fuel battery of the present invention, fuel electrodes 120 and air pole 130 can be arranged on dielectric film 110 both sides, but described fuel electrodes 120 will be made of a plurality of electrode part 121122 that different material more than 2 kinds constitutes at least.
Described dielectric film 110 is to transmit H +The film of the macromolecule material of ion, such as, the macroion exchange membrane that under moisture state, has conductivity.
Described fuel electrodes 120 and air pole 130 are made of supporter and the dielectric layer that is superimposed upon described supporter two sides.
Wherein, described fuel electrodes 120 is made of the 1st electrode part 121 and the 2nd electrode part 122, and described the 1st electrode part 121 and the 2nd electrode part 122 constitute by being separated into a plurality of supporters and dielectric layer respectively.The supporter of described the 1st electrode part 121 is formed by metallic nickel section bar, and the dielectric layer of described the 1st electrode part 121 is formed by hydrogen-storage alloy, so that can be with the BH of aqueous solution state 4Use acts as a fuel.In addition, in order to utilize the hydrogen that produces through the 1st electrode part 121 use that acts as a fuel, described the 2nd electrode part 122 supporters are formed by porous carbon paper (carbon paper) or carbon element cloth (carbon cloth), and dielectric layer is formed by platinum.
For before described the 2nd electrode part 122 with the fuel (BH of aqueous solution state 4) contact, described the 1st electrode part 121 is preferably corresponding with the fuel flow path Cf inlet of the following demarcation strip that will illustrate 140.In addition, lack than the amount of initial supplied fuel if consider the amounts of hydrogen that produces through the 1st electrode part 121, preferably the surface area with the 1st electrode part 121 is designed to wideer than the surface area of the 2nd electrode part 122.
The 1st electrode part 121 and the 2nd electrode part 122 be configuration continuously in the plane, and under the state of the corresponding surface of the 1st electrode part 121 and the 2nd electrode part 122 butt joint, utilize above-mentioned demarcation strip 140 grades to compress continuously two sides and fix, make fuel through the 1st electrode part 121 directly continuously through the 2nd electrode part 122.
Air pole 130 can be identical with fuel electrodes 120, is made of a plurality of electrode part, but considers the production efficiency aspect, preferably is made of a supporter and a dielectric layer that is superimposed upon the supporter two sides.
In addition, above-mentioned air pole 130 can be identical with the 1st electrode part 121 of above-mentioned fuel electrodes 120, forms supporter with metallic nickel section bar, forms dielectric layer with hydrogen-storage alloy; Also can be identical with above-mentioned the 2nd electrode part 122, form supporter with porous carbon paper or carbon element cloth, form dielectric layer with platinum.
Two demarcation strips 140 preferably adopt the strong graphite of conductivity good corrosion resistance materials such as (graphite), the fuel flow path (fuel channel) that demarcation strip 140 and fuel electrodes 120 and air pole 130 contacted medial surfaces form the fuel process respectively (Cf) and the air flow circuit (air channel) of air process (Co).Demarcation strip 140 1 sides that are arranged between the monocell form above-mentioned fuel flow path Cf, and opposite side forms above-mentioned air flow circuit Co, and the demarcation strip 140 that is arranged on the both side ends of fuel battery has only medial surface to form fuel flow path Cf or air flow circuit Co.
The collector plate (not shown) is used for finally obtaining electric energy from fuel battery, adopts the electric conductors such as copper material that use as terminal usually to make.
Part same as the prior art is given identical symbol in the accompanying drawing.
Effect and effect to fuel cell of the present invention with said structure is elaborated below.
That is to say, to the sodium borohydride (NaBH of above-mentioned fuel electrodes 120 supply aqueous solution states 4), supply the air that comprises oxygen to air pole 130 simultaneously, make in the 1st electrode part 121 and dielectric film 110 reactions of fuel electrodes 120, produce ion.Above-mentioned ion causes that electrochemical reaction forms in the process of water, and the 1st electrode part 121 of fuel electrodes 120 generates electronics, moves the generation electric current to air pole 130.On the one hand, the hydrogen that produces in said process reacts the generation ion through the 2nd electrode part 122 with dielectric film 110 again, and ion causes that also electrochemical reaction generates water, and electronics moves the formation electric current simultaneously.
Further specify then, at the 1st electrode part 121 sides generation electrochemical oxidation reactions of fuel electrodes 120
BH 4 -+8OH -→BO 2 -+6H 2O+8e -
Transmit the ion that produces by oxidation/reduction reaction at dielectric film 110;
Produce the electrochemical reducting reaction of air (oxygen) in air pole 130
2O 2+4H 2O+8e -→8OH -。
In the process that above-mentioned reaction continues, the 1st electrode part 121 sides of fuel electrodes 120 produce
2H 2O+NaBH 4→NaBO 2+4H 2
Deng side reaction, from fuel (NaBH 4The aqueous solution) produce hydrogen in.
The hydrogen that generates in the 1st electrode part 121 produces H through the 2nd electrode part 122 again 2Electrochemical oxidation reactions
H 2→2H ++2e -
Dielectric film 110 transmits the ion that generates by oxidation/reduction reaction, produces the electrochemical reducting reaction of air (oxygen) in air pole 130
4H ++O 2+4e -→2H 2O。
So, producing electromotive force between fuel electrodes 120 and the air pole 130, electromotive force is by the collector plate (not shown) output at the two ends of the fuel battery that formed by a plurality of monocells, is supplied to load from the electric current of collector plate output.
So, the boron hydride (BH that supply acts as a fuel 4, sodium borohydride more precisely) time side reaction generate hydrogen, by utilizing hydrogen again,
In the 1st electrode part 121
BH 4 -+ 2O 2→ 2H 2O+BO 2 -Obtain the voltage of 1.64V in the course of reaction;
In the 2nd electrode part 122
2H 2+ O 2→ 2H 2Obtain the voltage of 1.23V in the course of reaction of O,
Can obtain the voltage of 2.87V altogether.
The effect of invention
Fuel cell of the present invention can bring following effect: because many by mutual different material of fuel electrodes Individual electrode part separates and forms, and produces so can recycle in the 1st electrode part course of reaction at the 2nd electrode part Hydrogen, improve thus the performance of fuel cell unit, improve simultaneously the utilization ratio of fuel.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of fuel cell is included in polyelectrolyte membrane both sides superpose respectively fuel electrodes and air pole, to the boron hydride (BH of described fuel electrodes supply aqueous solution state 4), to described air pole supply air, final described fuel and air produce power and water through fuel electrodes and air pole; It is characterized in that,
Described fuel electrodes is separated with the 2nd electrode part by the 1st electrode part and is formed; The dielectric layer of described the 1st electrode part is formed by hydrogen-storage alloy; The dielectric layer of described the 2nd electrode part is formed by platinum.
2, fuel cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that in described fuel electrodes, and the surface area of surface area ratio the 2nd electrode part of the 1st electrode part is big.
3, fuel cell according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that in described fuel electrodes the 1st electrode part and the 2nd electrode part are docked mutually, continuously configuration.
CNB031210104A 2003-03-21 2003-03-21 Mixed electrode structure of fuel cell Expired - Fee Related CN100337352C (en)

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CN100337352C true CN100337352C (en) 2007-09-12

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1201270A (en) * 1997-04-18 1998-12-09 德·诺拉有限公司 Gas-diffusion electrodes for polymeric membrane fuel cell
WO2001015247A2 (en) * 1999-08-23 2001-03-01 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Fuel cell anode structure for voltage reversal tolerance
CN1396307A (en) * 2002-08-10 2003-02-12 太原理工大学 Process for preparing boron hydride by electrolytic method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1201270A (en) * 1997-04-18 1998-12-09 德·诺拉有限公司 Gas-diffusion electrodes for polymeric membrane fuel cell
WO2001015247A2 (en) * 1999-08-23 2001-03-01 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Fuel cell anode structure for voltage reversal tolerance
CN1396307A (en) * 2002-08-10 2003-02-12 太原理工大学 Process for preparing boron hydride by electrolytic method

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