CN100336569C - Electric perforating system for transdermal medication - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electric perforating system for percutaneous medication, particularly to an electric perforating system which is especially researched and designed for the technology of percutaneous medication by electric perforation according to the characteristic of skin electric perforation. The electric perforating system for percutaneous medication comprises a voltage generator (1), an energy storing capacitor set (2), a load (3), an energy switch set (4), a voltage measuring device (5), a floating ground circuit (6), a display (7), a pulse generator (8), an energy selector (9), an NAND gate (10), a power supply (11), etc., wherein the voltage generator (1) generates and regulates pulse voltage by regulating the square signals; under the control of the pulse generator (8) and the energy selector (9), the energy switch set (4) can select one working capacitor from four energy storing capacitors and generate exponential attenuating pulses which act on the skin so that the skin is electrically perforated, thereby promoting the percutaneous absorption of a medicine. The floating ground circuit (6) separates the ground of the pulse generator (8), the energy selector (9), the energy switch set (4), etc. and avoid the misoperation which occurs to the pulse generator (8) and the energy selector (9) when an energy switch is switched.

Description

Electric perforating system for transdermal medication

Affiliated technical field

Native system is a kind of pulse generator, especially a kind of pulse generator that produces the pulse of exponential damping type, and this system is relevant with the transdermal penetration of medicine, especially electric pulse is applied on the skin, absorbs with the percutaneous that promotes medicine.

Background technology

In the pharmaceutics field, it is that medicine is sticked on the skin that a kind of administering mode is arranged, and under the effect of material extension, drug molecule arrives subcutaneous tissue by dermal osmosis, to reach the purpose of percutaneous dosing.This administering mode has following advantage:

(1) avoid medicine intestines and stomach destroyed by various enzymes and liver " first pass effect " drainage in degraded;

(2) control drug release time and dosage are with stablizing of blood drug level in the maintenance body;

(3) provide a kind of administering mode of gentleness, improve the person's that is subjected to the medicine adaptability, avoid the child to see the frightened of syringe needle and the person's that is subjected to the medicine administration unpunctual;

(4) improve the safety of medication, the drug reaction of avoiding drug side effect to cause is as penicillin allergy etc.

Yet keratodermatitis has barrier action to the most drug molecule, and medicine that can natural transdermal penetration seldom.In can the medicine of natural transdermal penetration, again based on small-molecule drug.For a greater variety of medicines can be discharged by percutaneous, people promote percutaneous penetration of drugs with some physical techniques and chemical technology.Physical technique has iontophoresis technology, ultrasonic technique, electromagnetic technique, optical pressure technology, electroporation technology etc., and chemical technology has chemical penetrating agent technology etc.

The percutaneous dosing electroporation technology is that high-voltage pulse is discharged on the skin, makes skin texture produce instantaneity and changes, and it is subcutaneous to impel drug molecule to enter in large quantities, to reach a kind of medicine-feeding technology that promotes medicine percutaneous assimilation effect.Classical percutaneous dosing electroporation technology be epidermal area with skin as the medicine supply side, the skin corium of skin is accepted side as medicine, and electrode is placed the phosphate buffer (PBS) of skin both sides respectively.The skin supply side has the medicine delivered and the mixed solution of PBS buffer, and accepting side has the PBS buffer.The electrode of electroporation apparatus and skin both sides joins, and produce the different pulses of parameter such as impulse waveform, pulse voltage, pulsation rate, pulse width, umber of pulse, these pulses are being controlled energy storage capacitor and are being discharged to skin, the medicine that the skin supply side is delivered flows to skin in large quantities and accepts side, promotes the transdermal penetration of medicine.Studies show that in a large number high-voltage pulse can improve the transdermal penetration amount of various different molecular weight medicines, as small-molecule drug metronidazole (171.16Da), methylene blue, naproxen (230.26Da), metoprolol (267Da are arranged, + 1), tetracaine hydrochloride (300.83Da), Alniditan (302.4Da, + 1), fentanyl (336Da, + 1), isothiocyanic acid (389.4Da) etc., middle molecular medicine has calcein (623Da,-4), sulfur rhodamine (607Da,-1), urgees corpus luteum liberin (800Da ,+1) etc.; Macromolecular drug has cyclosporin A (1.2kDa, neutrality), calcitonin (3600Da), antiallergic oligonucleotide (c-myc, 4.8kDa; C-myb, 7kDa), dextran isothiocyanic acid (more than the 4.4kDa), heparin (12kDa) or the like.

The skin electric perforating system is the key instrument of percutaneous dosing electroporation technology research.So far, the skin electric perforating system all is next alternate with the gene introducing apparatus in the biotechnology, for example Gene-Pulser (the Bio-Rad of Bio Rad Laboratories's production, Richmond, CA, USA), the Easyject Puls (Equibio that Belgian biological plant company produces, Seraing, Belgium), Electro Cell Manipulator 600 (BTX, the San Diego of the production of U.S. BTX company, CA, USA) or the like.The gene introducing apparatus is that the electric current of this pulse has produced the transient state hole by cell membrane and on cell membrane by the pulse of fast rise of energy storage capacitor discharge generation, index decreased waveform, presents the electroporation process of cell membrane.The pulse voltage that the gene introducing apparatus provides up to more than the 3000V, more than the pulse current 125A, pulse width is between tens microseconds to tens millisecond.When the Cytology Lab impedance hour, electric arc can take place in the Cytology Lab of gene introducing apparatus, and user is produced scaring and destroys cell.

U.S. Pat 4,750,100, US5,642,035, US5,656,926 and US6,258,592B1 provides many high pressure techniques, with realize and protecting group because of the specification requirement of introducing apparatus.These high pressure techniques comprise that high energy switching technique, rectangular pulse generation technique, capacitance measurement technology, arc protection technology, thyratron crowbar technology, electric current turn to technology, load resistance measuring technique, electric capacity expansion technique etc.

The service condition of skin electric perforating system and gene introducing apparatus has bigger difference.In the skin electroporation, pulse voltage at 400V with interior, pulse width at several milliseconds to the transdermal penetration rate that just is enough to improve medicine between the hundreds of millisecond.Design low pressure skin electric perforating system can reduce the probability that instrument produces electric arc, reduce the requirement of withstand voltage to the former device of instrument, thereby it is clinical that the percutaneous dosing electroporation technology can be applied to.In addition, the gene introducing apparatus is to adopt the thyratron switch technology to produce high-voltage pulse, and each operation can only send the pulse of an exponential damping type, and must be returned to fully at 0 o'clock in pulse voltage, and thyratron just can be closed, and waits for next operation.She Ji result makes pulsation rate, pulse width, umber of pulse be subjected to the restriction of pulse exponential decay time constant like this, that is to say that they are subjected to the restriction that the skin load impedance changes.

The transdermal penetration speed of medicine is relevant with factors such as the pulse voltage of pulse, pulsation rate, pulse width, umber of pulses, and these factors depend on the physicochemical property (as molecular weight, charge, hydrophilic/fat) of medicine and the electrology characteristic (as Skin Resistance) of skin histology.But the energy that the transdermal penetration speed of medicine and energy storage capacitor discharge also has very big relation, and energy discharges and also have influence on skin safety, for example, and (Pharm.Res., 1994,11 (11): experiment 1657～1662) such as Vanbever.

Summary of the invention

This electric perforating system for transdermal medication is according to skin electroporation characteristic, special is a kind of exponential damping type electric perforating system of percutaneous dosing electroporation technology research design, and it comprises voltage generator 1, energy storage capacitor group 2, load 3, energy switch group 4, voltage measurement 5, floating ground circuit 6, display 7, pulse generator 8, energy selector 9, NAND gate 10 and power supply 11 compositions.Voltage generator 1 output N1 is connected to the input of energy switch group 4, also is connected to the input of voltage measurement 5 simultaneously.Contact N4 in the energy switch group 4 is connected energy storage capacitor group 2, and output N2 is connected to load 3, and control end N3 is connected with the output of floating ground circuit 6.The input of floating ground circuit 6 is connected with the output of NAND gate 10.An input of NAND gate 10 is connected with the output of pulse generator 8, and another input of NAND gate 10 is connected with the output of energy selector 9.In the pulse generator 8 output of the output of pulse width regulator 19 and pulsation rate selector 21 be connected to umber of pulse in the display 7 show 26 and pulsation rate show 27 input.The output of energy selector 9 is connected to the input of energy selection demonstration 28 in the display 7.The output of voltage measurement 5 is connected to the input of pulse voltage demonstration 29 in the display 7.The output of power supply 11 is connected respectively on voltage generator 1, energy switch group 4, the floating ground circuit 6.

Voltage generator 1 comprises multivibrator 13, push-pull signal generator 14 and push-pull converter 15.The output of multivibrator 13 is connected the input of push-pull signal generator 14, and the output of push-pull signal generator 14 is connected the input of push-pull converter 15.Multivibrator 13 produces the square-wave signal of 10-100KHz, push-pull signal generator 14 produces two square-wave signals that phase place is opposite, be used to control push-pull converter 15 and produce alternating voltage, finally produce the also output voltage of regulation voltage generator 1 by the frequency of regulating multivibrator 13 square-wave signals.Transformator T101 turn ratio N is 1 in the push-pull converter 15: 100-1: between 300, the push-pull signal frequency is between the 5-50KHz, and then the output voltage of voltage generator 1 is between 50-400V.

Energy switch group 4 has four energy switch unit that circuit structure is identical, and the switching of the above voltage of 400V is realized in each energy switch unit by double-pole double-throw relay.Emitter and collector, the resistance of photoelectrical coupler are connected in series in transistor base in the energy switch unit, the floating ground circuit 6, the pulse signal of energy switch unit controls end N3 can be controlled the conducting of audion, makes double-pole double-throw relay switch to normal opened contact from normally closed contact.

Four energy storage capacitors are arranged in the energy storage capacitor group 2, energy selector 9 can select in four energy storage capacitors one as mutual capacitance, the capacitance of four energy storage capacitors is between 1 μ F-1000 μ F, when voltage generator 1 output voltage between 50-400V, accumulation of energy can be in the 0.00125J-80J scope Continuous Selection.

Floating ground circuit 6 comprises power supply floating ground circuit 30 and floating ground of signal circuit 33, floating ground of signal circuit 33 has four photoelectrical couplers, their light-emitting diodes tube anode is connected to floating ground of power supply circuit 30 by resistance, negative electrode is connected to the output of NAND gate 10, and floating ground of power supply circuit 30 provides ± the 5V power supply for floating ground of pulse generator 8, energy selector 9, NAND gate 10 and signal circuit 33.

Pulse generator 8 can circulate in 1,2,4,8,10,20,40/minute (ppm) seven kinds of pulsation rates and select a kind ofly, and produces the pulse signal of pulse width in 100 μ s-900ms scopes.

Energy selector 9 can only be exported four and select a signal, and this signal enables pairing NAND gate 10, and the pulse signal that pulse generator 8 takes place discharges to load 3 by a pairing energy storage capacitor in this NAND gate that is enabled 10 and floating ground of the signal circuit 33 control energy storage capacitor groups 2.Load 3 comprises skin load RL and the potentiometer R119 in parallel with it, and the percutaneous energy of skin load RL also can be regulated with potentiometer R119.

Power supply 11 comprises transformator T401, dual power supply 31 and single supply 32, one of transformator T401 group of secondary T401B is connected with floating ground of power supply circuit 30 in the power supply 11, dual power supply 31 provides ± the 5V power supply for voltage generator 1, energy switch group 4, single supply 32 provides+the 12V power supply for voltage generator 1, energy switch group 4, and floating ground of power supply circuit 30 directly is not electrically connected with dual power supply 31 and single supply 32.

This electric perforating system for transdermal medication has the bigger range of choice on Several Parameters such as pulse voltage, pulsation rate, pulse width, energy storage capacitor, can provide bigger scope for the research of percutaneous dosing electroporation technology.Native system has been isolated when energy storage capacitor discharges after adopting floating ground circuit, and the misoperation that actuating of relay paired pulses generator 8, energy selector 9 produce makes complete machine working stability, reliable.The native system pulse voltage is limited in below the 400V, produces the probability of electric arc when significantly reducing the energy storage capacitor discharge, simultaneously, has also reduced the native system requirement withstand voltage to electronic component.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the electric perforating system for transdermal medication entire block diagram.

Fig. 2 is voltage occurring principle figure.

Fig. 3 is the push-pull signal oscillogram.

Fig. 4 is the pulse control circuit schematic diagram.

Fig. 5 is display principles figure.

Fig. 6 is power principle figure.

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in detail.

Embodiment 1:

Referring to Fig. 1, this electric perforating system for transdermal medication comprises voltage generator 1, energy storage capacitor group 2, load 3, energy switch group 4, voltage measurement 5, floating ground circuit 6, display 7, pulse generator 8, energy selector 9, NAND gate 10 and power supply 11 etc.

Voltage generator 1 produces and regulates output voltage by the frequency of regulating square-wave signal, and its output N1 is connected to the input of energy switch group 4.Energy switch group 4 is the pulse signal control audion conductings with control end N3, makes double-pole double-throw relay R S101-RS104 switch to normal opened contact from normally closed contact.The contact N4 of energy switch group 4 repeat circuit RS101-RS104 is connected energy storage capacitor group 2.Four energy storage capacitors are arranged in the energy storage capacitor group 2, and energy selector 9 can select in four energy storage capacitors one as mutual capacitance.The output N2 of energy switch group 4 is connected to load 3, make energy switches set 4 repeat circuit RS101-RS104 when normally closed contact switches to normal opened contact, electric charge in the energy storage capacitor is discharged in the skin load, and skin load percutaneous energy can be regulated with the potentiometer R119 that is connected in parallel in the load 3.The output N1 of voltage generator 1 also is connected to the input of voltage measurement 5, and the pulse voltage that the output of voltage measurement 5 is connected to display 7 shows 29 input.The control end N3 of energy switch group 4 is connected with the output of floating ground of signal circuit 33 in the floating ground circuit 6, the input of floating ground of signal circuit 33 is connected with the output of NAND gate 10 in the floating ground circuit 6, an input of NAND gate 10 is connected with the output of pulse generator 8, and another input is connected with the output of energy selector 9.Pulse generator 8 is to produce needed pulse signal according to selected pulsation rate, and the pulse width of this pulse signal can be regulated.In the pulse generator 8 output of the output of pulse width regulator 19 and pulsation rate selector 21 be connected to umber of pulse in the display 7 show 26 and pulsation rate show 27 input.The output of energy selector 9 is connected to the input of energy selection demonstration 28 in the display 7.The output of voltage measurement 5 is connected to the input of pulse voltage demonstration 29 in the display 7.The output of power supply 11 is connected respectively on voltage generator 1, energy switch group 4, the floating ground circuit 6.

Embodiment 2:

Referring to Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of voltage generator 1, energy storage capacitor group 2, load 3, energy switch group 4, voltage measurement 5 and floating ground circuit 6.

Voltage generator 1 comprises multivibrator 13, push-pull signal generator 14 and push-pull converter 15 3 parts.The output of multivibrator 13 is connected the input of push-pull signal generator 14, and the output of push-pull signal generator 14 is connected the input of push-pull converter 15.Multivibrator 13 has comprised timing circuit IC101, capacitor C 101 and C102, potentiometer R101, resistance R 102 and R103.Timing circuit IC101 can be a timing ic, for example, and 555 agitators.Potentiometer R101 and resistance R 103 are connected in series, and be connected timing circuit IC101 discharge end 7 and+the 5Ve power supply between, its joint resistance value is not to change in 0 the scope at one.One end of capacitor C 101 is connected timing circuit IC101 threshold value end 6, another termination simulation ground.Resistance R 102 is connected between the threshold value end 6 and discharge end 7 of timing circuit IC101, and the trigger end 2 of timing circuit IC101 is connected with threshold value end 6, makes timing circuit IC101 be in the multi-harmonic-oscillations state.Capacitor C 101 is by resistance R 101, R102 and R103 charging, by resistance R 102 discharges.The reset terminal 4 of timing circuit IC101 is connected with+5Ve power supply, and capacitor C 101 is discharged and recharged between 1.67-3.34V.Between capacitor C 101 charge period, timing circuit IC101 outfan 3 output high level, its high level time is T ₁At capacitor C 101 interdischarge intervals, timing circuit IC101 outfan 3 output low levels, low level time is T ₂Like this, 3 outputs of the outfan of timing circuit IC101 be square-wave signal, and as the output of this multivibrator 13.T ₁And T ₂As follows with the relation of capacitor C 101, potentiometer R101, resistance R 102 and R103:

T ₁＝0.693[(R101+R102)+R103]·C101

T ₂＝0.693R102·C101

A square-wave cycle is T=T ₁+ T ₂Capacitor C 102 is connected the control voltage end 5 of timing circuit IC101, to keep burning voltage.

Push-pull signal generator 14 is d type flip flop IC102A.The set end 6 of d type flip flop IC102A is connected with simulation ground with reset terminal 4, makes d type flip flop be in enabled state, and simultaneously, D end 5 is connected with the non-end 2 of output, makes d type flip flop be in count status.The output of multivibrator 13 is connected the clock end 3 of d type flip flop IC102A, and its square-wave signal is as the clock signal of d type flip flop IC102A.D type flip flop IC102A has two outputs that sequential is identical, phase place is opposite 1 and 2, and these two signals have formed push-pull signal and have been input to next stage push-pull converter 15.

Push-pull converter 15 is made up of audion Q101 and Q102, resistance R 104-R107, transformator T101, bridge heap B101 and inductance L 101.Audion Q101 and Q102 and resistance R 104-R107 form push-pull circuit.Resistance R 104 is connected with 2 with the outfan 1 of push-pull signal generator 14 respectively with R105 one end, and the other end is connected with the base stage of audion Q102 and Q101 respectively, plays qualification audion Q102 and Q101 base current.Resistance R 106 is connected with L2 with two former limit L1 of transformator T101 respectively with R107 one end, and the other end is connected with the colelctor electrode of audion Q101 and Q102 respectively, plays qualification audion Q101 and Q102 collector current.The emitter stage of audion Q101 and Q102 is connected with simulation ground.The centre cap on the former limit of transformator T101 is connected+the 12V power supply on.

If+12V supply voltage is V _Cc, the inductance of the former limit L1 of transformator T101 is that L, stray capacitance are C, the resistance of resistance R 106 and R107 is R.Relation between inductance L, stray capacitance C, resistance R and the transient current i has:

$\mathrm{LC}\frac{d^{2}i}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="dt"\; filenames="C0213757000221.png,C0213757000231.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">dt</figure-callout>}}^2}+\mathrm{RC}\frac{\mathrm{di}}{\mathrm{dt}}+i=0$

Or write and become:

$\frac{d^{2}i}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="dt"\; filenames="C0213757000221.png,C0213757000231.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">dt</figure-callout>}}^2}+2\mathrm{\&xi;}{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_n\frac{\mathrm{di}}{\mathrm{dt}}+{{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_n}^{2}i=0$

Wherein: ${\mathrm{\&omega;}}_n=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\mathrm{LC}}}$ Be natural frequency of oscillation; $\mathrm{\&xi;}=\frac{R}{2}\sqrt{\frac{C}{L}}$ Be damped coefficient.

When high level appearred in the push-pull signal of push-pull signal generator 14 outfans 2, then low level must appear in the push-pull signal of outfan 1.Like this, time t ∈ [0, in scope T), audion Q101 conducting, audion Q102 ends.+ 12V power supply forms a power circuit A by resistance R 106 to audion Q101 again by the former limit L1 of transformator T101, and this power circuit current i primary state i (0 _-) and final state i (∞) be respectively:

i(0 _-)＝0

$i(\&infin;)=\frac{V_{\mathrm{cc}}}{R}$

Like this, power circuit A transient current i _{+ A}The recruitment of t is in time:

Wherein: ${\mathrm{\&omega;}}_d=\sqrt{1-{\mathrm{\&xi;}}^2}{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_n$ Be frequency of oscillation; =cos ^-1ξ is phase shift.

The voltage of the former limit L1 of transformator T101 is:

$v_L=V_{\mathrm{cc}}-L\frac{{\mathrm{di}}_{+A}}{\mathrm{dt}}=V_{\mathrm{cc}}[1-\frac{L}{R}\frac{{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_n}{\sqrt{1-{\mathrm{\&xi;}}^2}}{e}^{-\mathrm{\&xi;}{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_{n}t}\sin {\mathrm{\&omega;}}_{d}t]$

Because at this moment audion Q101 is in conducting state, its collector voltage v _CFor:

v _C＝0

When high level appearred in the push-pull signal of push-pull signal generator 14 outfans 1, then low level must appear in the push-pull signal of outfan 2.Like this, time t ∈ [T, in scope 2T), audion Q102 conducting, audion Q101 ends.This is that power circuit A is blocked, its current i primary state i (0 _-) and final state i (∞) be respectively:

$i\left(0_{-}\right)=\frac{V_{\mathrm{cc}}}{R}$

i(∞)＝0

Like this, power circuit A transient current i _-AThe reduction of t is in time:

Wherein: ${\mathrm{\&omega;}}_d=\sqrt{1-{\mathrm{\&xi;}}^2}{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_n$ Be frequency of oscillation; =cos ^-1ξ is phase shift.

The voltage v of the former limit L1 of transformator T101 _LFor:

$v_L=V_{\mathrm{cc}}-L\frac{{\mathrm{di}}_{-A}}{\mathrm{dt}}=V_{\mathrm{cc}}[1+\frac{L}{R}\frac{{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_n}{\sqrt{1-{\mathrm{\&xi;}}^2}}{e}^{-\mathrm{\&xi;}{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_{n}t}\sin {\mathrm{\&omega;}}_{d}t]$

Because at this moment audion Q101 is in cut-off state, its collector voltage v _CFor:

The voltage v of the former limit L1 of transformator T101 _LWith audion Q101 collector voltage v _CSignal waveform as shown in Figure 3.In Fig. 3 as seen, at v _LAnd v _CTransient process in because v _LAnd v _CVoltage be limited in V _CcIn the voltage, its overshoot is higher than V _CcPart be limited in V _Cc, therefore, v among Fig. 3 _LAnd v _CFlat-top is arranged.

+ 12V power supply, the former limit L2 of transformator T101, resistance R 107, B is identical with the power circuit A characteristic for audion Q102 power circuit.Therefore, the voltage v of the former limit L2 of transformator T101 _LWith audion Q101 collector voltage v _CSignal waveform and the voltage v of the former limit L1 of transformator T101 _LWith audion Q101 collector voltage v _CSignal waveform identical, phase place is opposite, and produces alternating current i (t).This alternating current makes transformator T101 secondary L3 produce induced voltage v _Mv _MPositive half cycle (2nT≤t＜(2n+1) T) is by the recruitment i of power circuit B electric current _{+ B}Reduction i with power circuit A electric current _-AV is provided _MNegative half period ((2n+1) T≤t＜2 (n+1) T) is by the recruitment i of power circuit A electric current _{+ A}Reduction i with power circuit B electric current _-BProvide, turning point ((2n+1) T and 2 (n+1) T) sense of current and size all have bigger variation, are induced voltage v _MMain component.Simultaneously, v _MBe proportional to mutual inductance M, have:

$v_M\left(t\right)=M\frac{\mathrm{di}\left(t\right)}{\mathrm{dt}}=\&PlusMinus;M|\frac{{\mathrm{di}}_{+B}\left(t\right)}{\mathrm{dt}}+\frac{{\mathrm{di}}_{-A}\left(t\right)}{\mathrm{dt}}|$

$=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\&PlusMinus;\frac{{\mathrm{MV}}_{\mathrm{cc}}}{R}\frac{2{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_n}{\sqrt{1-{\mathrm{\&xi;}}^2}}{e}^{-{\mathrm{\&xi;\&omega;}}_{n}t}\sin {\mathrm{\&omega;}}_{d}t& (2\mathrm{nT}<t<(2n+1)T),((2n+1)T<t<2(n+1)T)\\ \&PlusMinus;\underset{\mathrm{\&Delta;t}\&RightArrow;0}{\lim }\left|\frac{2(i_{+A}(T+\mathrm{\&Delta;t})-i_{-A}\left(T\right)}{\mathrm{\&Delta;t}}\right|& (t=(2n+1)T,2(n+1)T)\end{array}\right.(n=\mathrm{0,1,2},......)$

This induced voltage v _MVirtual value in the time of 2T is:

$V_M=\sqrt{\frac{1}{2T}\underset{0}{\overset{2T}{\&Integral;}}{v}_M^2\left(t\right)\mathrm{dt}}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{2T}(\underset{0}{\overset{T-0_{-}}{\&Integral;}}{v}_M^2\left(t\right)\mathrm{dt}+\underset{T-0_{-}}{\overset{T+0_{+}}{\&Integral;}}{v}_M^2\left(t\right)\mathrm{dt}+\underset{T+0_{+}}{\overset{2T-0_{-}}{\&Integral;}}{v}_M^2\left(t\right)\mathrm{dt}+\underset{2T-0_{-}}{\overset{2T}{\&Integral;}}{v}_M^2\left(t\right)\mathrm{dt})}$

$=\sqrt{\frac{1}{T}(\underset{0}{\overset{T-0_{-}}{\&Integral;}}{v}_M^2\left(t\right)\mathrm{dt}+\underset{T-0_{-}}{\overset{T+0_{+}}{\&Integral;}}{v}_M^2\left(t\right)\mathrm{dt})}$

The induced voltage v of transformator T101 _MIn positive-negative half-cycle (2nT≤t＜(2n+1) T and (2n+1) T≤t＜2 (n+1) T) is the e exponent e of push-pull signal period T ^{-ξ ω nT}Function, promptly T is littler, v _MHigher.At turning point ((2n+1) T and 2 (n+1) T), induced voltage v _MIrrelevant with the push-pull signal period T.Therefore, T is littler, virtual value V _MHigher.That is to say, in push-pull converter 15, power supply V _CcBe transformed to the output voltage V of voltage generator 1 _MThe time, its magnitude of voltage is proportional to the frequency of transformer coil turn ratio N and multivibrator 13 output square-wave signals.When transformator T101 turn ratio N 1: 100-1: in 300 scopes, multivibrator 13 output signal frequencies in the 5-50KHz scope, the output voltage V of voltage generator 1 ₀Be 50-400V.

Energy switch group 4 is made up of four energy switch unit, and energy switch unit 12 is one of them, and the unitary circuit structure of these energy switch is all identical with operation principle, and we are that example is described with energy switch unit 12.Energy switch unit 12 has comprised double-pole double-throw relay R S101, energy storage capacitor C103, audion Q103, diode D101, resistance R 108.It has four ports: input N1, outfan N2, control end N3 and contact N4.Double-pole double-throw relay R S101 is the main element of energy switch, and it has two normally closed contacts 2 and 5, two normal opened contacts 3 and 6, two common junction 1 and 4, a pair of coil contact 7 and 8.The normally closed contact 5 of relay R S101 is as the input N1 of this energy switch unit 12, and be connected with the outfan of voltage generator 1, normally closed contact 2 is connected simulation ground, normal opened contact 6 is as the outfan N2 of this energy switch unit 12, and common junction 1 and 4 is connected to the two ends of energy storage capacitor C103 as contact N4.If energy storage capacitor C103 is an electrochemical capacitor, common junction 4 is connected the anode of energy storage capacitor C103, and common junction 1 is connected the negative terminal of energy storage capacitor C103.Coil contact 7 is connected+the 12V power supply on, coil contact 8 is connected on the colelctor electrode of audion Q103.The anode of diode D101 is connected the coil contact 8 of relay R S101, and negative electrode is connected coil contact 7, and is impaired to prevent backward voltage that relay coil conducting moment produces from making audion Q103 collector voltage surpass that maximum is born voltage.The emitter stage 4 of photoelectrical coupler IC104 and colelctor electrode 5, resistance R 108 are for being connected in series in audion Q103 base stage, the floating ground circuit 6, and audion Q103 emitter stage is connected simulation ground, the other end of resistance R 108 is connected that dual power supply 31 provides+the 5Ve power supply on.The junction point of resistance R 108 and photoelectrical coupler IC104 colelctor electrode 5 reaches the purpose of control relay RS101 coil through and off as the control end N3 of this energy switch unit 12 with the base current of control audion Q103.Two normal opened contacts 6 and the 3 outfan N2 as this energy switch unit 12 of relay R S101 are connected in the load 3, and load 3 comprises potentiometer R119 and skin load RL two parts.Potentiometer R119 and skin load RL are connected in parallel, and make energy storage capacitor when load 3 releases energy, and have portion of energy to pass through potentiometer R119 and discharge, and play the effect of regulating skin load RL percutaneous energy.

When there not being discharge pulse to be added on this energy switch unit 12, the electric current that is this energy switch unit 12 control end N3 is 0, audion Q103 base current also is 0, audion Q103 is in cut-off state, the coil of relay R S101 does not have electric current to flow through, and the normally closed contact 2 and 5 of relay R S101 is connected with common junction 1 and 4 respectively.Like this, to energy storage capacitor C103 charging, charging voltage in latter stage is V to voltage generator 1 by energy switch unit 12 input N1 ₀

Be added on this energy switch unit 12 as discharge pulse signal, be that this energy switch unit 12 control end N3 have electric current, + 12V power supply provides electric current by resistance R 108 and photoelectrical coupler IC104 to audion Q103 base stage, audion Q103 is in conducting state, the coil of relay R S101 has electric current to flow through, and the normal opened contact 3 and 4 of relay R S101 is connected with common junction 5 and 6 respectively.In normal opened contact 3 and 4 processes of switching, relay R S101 can bear the above voltge surge of 400V and not produce electric arc at relay R S101 normally closed contact 2 and 5.Like this, energy storage capacitor C103 discharges by exponential damping law to load 3 by the outfan N2 of energy switch unit 12, and its voltage V (t) is the function of time t, can be expressed as:

$V\left(t\right)=V_0{e}^{-\frac{t}{\mathrm{\&tau;}}},(t\&GreaterEqual;0)$

Wherein: V ₀Be pulse voltage, it equals energy storage capacitor charging voltage in latter stage.τ is a discharge time constant, and it equals the capacitance C of energy storage capacitor C103 and the product of load 3 resistance values.Because what load 3 was potentiometer R119 with skin load RL is in parallel, the resistance value of potentiometer R119 is R _I, the resistance value of skin load RL is R _S, like this, discharge time constant is:

$\mathrm{\&tau;}=\frac{R_S{R}_I}{R_S+R_I}C$

When energy storage capacitor C103 after the time of load 3 discharge has been experienced five times of time constants, capacitance voltage only surplus pulse voltage voltage 0.67%, can think that the capacitor discharge process finishes substantially.In this exponential damping pulse process, the ENERGY E that skin load RL is obtained _S(percutaneous energy) is:

$E_S={\&Integral;}_0^{\mathrm{S\&tau;}}\frac{{V\left(t\right)}^2}{R_S}\mathrm{dt}={\&Integral;}_0^{\mathrm{S\&tau;}}\frac{V_0^2}{R_S}{e}^{-\frac{2t}{\mathrm{\&tau;}}}\mathrm{dt}=\frac{V_0^2\mathrm{\&tau;}}{2R_S}$

If the resistance value R of potentiometer R119 _IResistance value R much larger than skin load RL _SThe time, time constant is τ=R _SC, the energy among the expression energy storage capacitor C103 all is released on the skin.At this moment, the energy storage capacity E among the capacitor C103 _CWith the percutaneous ENERGY E _SEquate, promptly have:

$E_S=E_C=\frac{{\mathrm{CV}}_0^2}{2}$

The energy storage capacity E of energy storage capacitor _CBe directly proportional with its capacitance C, square be directly proportional with pulse voltage.Native system energy switch group 4 and energy storage capacitor group 2 are made up of four energy switch unit, and it has comprised double-pole double-throw relay R S101-RS104, energy storage capacitor C103-C106, audion Q103-Q106, diode D101-D104, resistance R 108-R111.The unitary input N1 of each energy switch connects together, and being connected the outfan of voltage generator 1, outfan N2 also connects together, and is connected in the load 3, control end N3 is separated from each other, and by different control signals energy storage capacitor C103-C106 is selected discharge control.At synchronization, a current controling signal can only appear in four energy switch unit controls end N3, like this, can be implemented in and selects an electric capacity as mutual capacitance among four energy storage capacitor C103-C106.

The capacitance of energy storage capacitor C103-C106 is between 1 μ F-1000 μ F in four energy switch unit.When pulse voltage changes between 50-400V, the energy storage capacity E of these four energy storage capacitors _CBetween 0.00125-80J, change.Like this, the energy storage capacity E of native system _CCan between 0.00125J-80J, select.

Voltage measurement 5 is to be used for the voltage that measuring voltage generator 1 takes place, and it is made up of resistance R 116 and R118, potentiometer R117.Two terminals of potentiometer R117 are connected with R118 with resistance R 116 respectively, and center-side is connected to the input of pulse voltage demonstration 29 in the display 7.The other end of resistance R 116 is connected to the outfan of voltage generator 1, and the other end of R118 is connected to simulation ground.Resistance R 116 and R118, potentiometer R117 constitute a bleeder circuit, and the high voltage that voltage generator 1 is exported reduces below 5V, and pulse voltage shows the requirement that 29 pairs of input voltages limit in the display 7 to satisfy.

Floating ground circuit 6 comprises signal floating ground circuit 33 and floating ground of power supply circuit 30.Floating ground of signal circuit 33 is made up of four photoelectrical coupler IC104-IC107 and resistance R 112-R115.The phototriode pipe collector is connected with energy switch group 4 control end N3 among the photoelectrical coupler IC104-IC107, and their emitter stage is connected with the base stage of audion Q103-Q106.Among the photoelectrical coupler IC104-IC107 light-emitting diodes tube anode by resistance R 112-R115 be connected to that the floating ground of power supply circuit 30 provides+the 5V power supply on, negative electrode is connected respectively to the outfan 10,11,4,3 of IC204C, IC204D, IC204B, IC204A in the NAND gate 10.

Can see, diode side and the audion side of photoelectrical coupler IC104-IC107 in floating ground of signal circuit 33, their power supply is respectively to be provided by power supply floating ground circuit 30 and dual power supply 31, their ground also is to be respectively digitally With simulation ground Like this, pulse generator 8, energy selector 9 do not have electric connecting relation with energy switch group 4 in being connected of signal, thereby have realized the function on the floating ground of signal in the floating ground circuit 6.

Floating ground of power supply circuit 30 is done detailed description again in embodiment 5.

Embodiment 3:

Referring to Fig. 4 is the circuit theory diagrams of pulse generator 8, energy selector 9, NAND gate 10.Pulse generator 8 partly is made up of pulsation rate selector 16, agitator 17, an impulse circuit 18, pulse width regulator 19, reset circuit 20 etc.Pulsation rate selector 16 has comprised pulsation rate noiseproof circuit 21, has surveyed 7 circuit 22, BCD encoder IC207, electrical switch IC209 and resistance R 205-R211.Pulsation rate noiseproof circuit 21 has comprised nor gate IC206C and IC206D, resistance R 215 and R216, capacitor C 206 and press button PRC.The end of press button PRC is connected on power supply+5V, and the other end is connected the input 9 of nor gate IC206C.One end of resistance R 215 is connected the input 9 of nor gate IC206C, and the other end is connected digitally.One end of capacitor C 206 is connected the outfan 10 of nor gate IC206C, and the other end is connected the input 12 of nor gate IC206D.One end of resistance R 216 is connected the input 12 of nor gate IC206D, and the other end is connected on power supply+5V.The input 13 of nor gate IC206D is connected digitally, and its outfan 11 is connected the input 8 of nor gate IC206C, and as the output of this pulsation rate noiseproof circuit 21.

PRC does not press when press button, and this pulsation rate noiseproof circuit 21 is in stable state, and the input 9 of nor gate IC206C is a low level, and the input 12 of nor gate IC206D is a high level.Like this, the outfan 11 of nor gate IC206D must be low level, and this low level signal feeds back to the input 8 of nor gate IC206C, make nor gate IC206C outfan 10 must be high level.Because capacitor C 206 two ends are high level, do not have electric charge in the capacitor C 206.Simultaneously, this pulsation rate noiseproof circuit 21 is in 0 state.PRC presses when press button, and the input 9 of nor gate IC206C is a high level, and its outfan ll must be low level.Because capacitor C 206 both end voltage can not transition, at this moment nor gate IC206D input 12 also is a low level, and its outfan 10 must be high level.Like this, this pulsation rate noiseproof circuit 21 is in 1 state.At this moment, to capacitor C 206 chargings, the current potential of nor gate IC206D input 12 also progressively rises power supply+5V, rises to high level until this current potential by resistance R 216, and the upset of nor gate IC206D outfan 11 current potentials is low level.Therefore, the time of capacitor C 206 chargings is exactly the time that this pulsation rate noiseproof circuit 21 keeps 1 state.In this time, press button PRC is any to press action can not influence 1 state that this noiseproof circuit keeps.Like this, prevent that any shake is to the influence of these pulsation rate noiseproof circuit 21 output states in the process that press button PRC is pressing.Resistance R 216 and capacitor C 206 have been determined the time that noiseproof circuit keeps high level state.

Survey 7 circuit 22 by binary coder IC208A, form with door IC212A and an IC212B or a door IC205C.The output of pulsation rate noiseproof circuit 21 is connected the clock end 1 of binary coder IC208A.The Enable Pin 2 of binary coder IC208A is connected on power supply+5V, makes this encoder be in count status.The outfan 3,4,5 of binary coder IC208A be connected to the door IC212B input 6, with the door IC212A input 2 and 1.Be connected input 5 with door IC212B with the outfan 3 of door IC212A.Be connected with the outfan 4 of door IC212B or the input 8 of door IC205C on.Or the outfan 10 of door IC205C is connected the reset terminal 7 of binary coder IC208A.

The clock end 1 of binary coder IC208A accepts to come from the output signal of pulsation rate noiseproof circuit 21.Pulse signal of clock end 1 every acceptance, the state of its outfan 3,4,5 will increase progressively by the mode of binary coder, is at 111 o'clock until the state of outfan 3,4,5, with door IC212A, IC212B and or the outfan of door IC205C high level all appears.The reset terminal 7 of binary coder IC208A is a high level as a result, and this encoder is resetted.Like this, this is surveyed 7 circuit and only has seven states, and is as shown in table 1.

Table 1

IC209 input state			The electrical switch state
				C	B	A
0	0	0					13→3
			0	0	1	14→3
0	1	0					15→3
			0	1	1	12→3
1	0	0					1→3
			1	0	1	5→3
1	1	0					2→3

Three coding inputs 11,10,9 of electrical switch IC209 are connected to three outfans 3,4,5 of binary coder IC208A.Seven inputs 13,14,15,12,1,5,2 of electrical switch IC209 sequentially are connected with resistance R 205-R211, and outfan 3 is the output of this pulsation rate selector 16.The state of electrical switch IC209 input 11,10,9 and pairing switch conduction state are as shown in table 1.

The clock end 14 of BCD encoder IC207 is connected in the output of pulsation rate noiseproof circuit 21, and reset terminal 15 is connected or the outfan 10 of door IC205C, and the pulsation rate that outfan 1-7 and 10 is connected to display 7 shows 27.Like this, pulsation rate noiseproof circuit 21 output press number of times through BCD coding counting, and selected pulsation rate be input to display 7 show.

Agitator 17 has comprised timing circuit IC210, capacitor C 203 and C204, resistance R 213.Timing circuit IC210 can be a timing ic, for example, and 555 agitators.Resistance R 213 is connected the electrical switch IC209 outfan 3 of pulsation rate selector 16, and is connected between the discharge end 7 and threshold value end 6 of timing circuit IC210.One end of capacitor C 203 is connected timing circuit IC210 threshold value end 6, and another termination digitally.The trigger end 2 of timing circuit IC210 is connected with threshold value end 6.Capacitor C 204 is connected the control voltage end 5 of timing circuit IC210, to keep burning voltage.The reset terminal 4 of timing circuit IC210 is connected in the output of sending out impulse circuit 18.The outfan 3 of timing circuit IC210 is the output of this agitator 17.

Capacitor C 203 can be by a resistance R among the pulsation rate selector 16 resistance R 205-R211 _XWith resistance R 213 chargings,, make the outfan 3 output square-wave signals of timing circuit IC210 by resistance R 213 discharges.The high level time of square wave is T ₃, low level time is T ₄And period T _pWith capacitor C 203, resistance R 213 and resistance R _XRelation as follows:

T ₃＝0.693(R213+R _X)C203 (R _X＝R205、R206、R207、R208、R209、R2010、R211)

R ₄＝0.693R213·C203

T _p=T ₃+ T ₄, and: T ₃＞T ₄

Can be by a resistance R of selecting to select among the resistance R 205-R211 _XSelect the high level time T of square wave ₄And period T _p, with this strobe pulse rate.

Send out impulse circuit 18 and comprised a pulse noiseproof circuit 23 and d type flip flop IC213A.Send out pulse noiseproof circuit 23 and comprised nor gate IC206A and IC206B, resistance R 203 and R204, capacitor C 202 and press button Start.The end of press button Start is connected on power supply+5V, and the other end is connected the input 2 of nor gate IC206A.One end of resistance R 203 is connected the input 2 of nor gate IC206A, and the other end is connected digitally.One end of capacitor C 202 is connected the outfan 3 of nor gate IC206A, and the other end is connected the input 5 of nor gate IC206B.One end of resistance R 204 is connected the input 5 of nor gate IC206B, and the other end is connected on power supply+5V.The input 6 of nor gate IC206B is connected digitally, and its outfan 4 is connected the input 1 of nor gate IC206A, and as the output of this pulse noiseproof circuit 23.The operation principle of this circuit is identical with pulsation rate noiseproof circuit 21, and promptly press button Start is by next time, and this pulse noiseproof circuit 23 is exported a square-wave signal.

Send out the clock end 3 that 23 outputs of pulse noiseproof circuit are connected to d type flip flop IC213A, the D end 5 of d type flip flop IC213A is connected with the non-end 2 of output, to form count status, simultaneously, 5 outputs of D end are connected to energy demonstration 28 in the display 7, to the state demonstration of D end 5.The outfan 1 of d type flip flop IC213A is connected to the reset terminal 4 of timing circuit IC210 in the agitator 17, simultaneously, is connected to the output of reset circuit 20.The set end 6 of d type flip flop IC213A connects digitally.

If d type flip flop IC213A original state is 0, that is to say that d type flip flop IC213A outfan 1 is low level, make the reset terminal 4 of timing circuit IC210 in the agitator 17 also be low level.At this moment, the vibration of timing circuit IC210 is under an embargo, and its outfan 3 does not have square-wave signal output.Send a pulse signal when sending out a pulse noiseproof circuit 23, the state turnover of d type flip flop IC213A once, outfan 1 be a high level, the reset terminal 4 that makes timing circuit IC210 in the agitator 17 also is a high-low level.At this moment, the vibration of timing circuit IC210 is enabled, and its outfan 3 has square-wave signal output.Send a pulse signal again when sending out pulse noiseproof circuit 23, the state of d type flip flop IC213A overturns again once, and d type flip flop IC213A outfan 1 is again a low level.At this moment, the vibration of timing circuit IC210 is under an embargo again, can not send square wave output.Results button switch S tart can control generator 17 output state, it sent and stop square-wave signal.When d type flip flop IC213A outfan 1 is a low level, then D end 5 is a high level, otherwise, be low level.

Pulse width regulator 19 is made up of nor gate IC211A and IC211B, capacitor C 205, resistance R 220 and potentiometer R214.The input 6 of nor gate IC211B is connected the outfan 3 of agitator 17 timing circuit IC210.One end of capacitor C 205 is connected the outfan 4 of nor gate IC211B, and the other end connects the input 1 and 2 of two parallel connections of nor gate IC211A.Resistance R 220 is connected with potentiometer R214, and an end of resistance R 220 is connected on power supply+5V, and its joint resistance value is changed in the scope of non-zero.Two inputs 1 in parallel of an end AND IC211A of potentiometer R214 are connected with 2.Outfan 3 feedbacks of nor gate IC211A are connected to the input 5 of nor gate IC211B, simultaneously, are input to umber of pulse demonstration 26 in NAND gate 10 and the display 7.

When the square-wave signal of the outfan 3 of agitator 17 timing circuit IC210 is a low level, the input 1 of nor gate IC211A and 2 is a high level.Like this, the outfan 3 of nor gate IC211A must be low level, and this low level signal feeds back to the input 5 of nor gate IC211B, make nor gate IC211B outfan 4 must be high level.Because capacitor C 205 two ends are high level, do not have electric charge in the capacitor C 205.When the square-wave signal of the outfan 3 of agitator 17 timing circuit IC210 is a high level, the input 6 of nor gate IC211B is a high level, and its outfan 4 must be low level.Because capacitor C 205 both end voltage can not transition, at this moment nor gate IC211A input 1 and 2 also is a low level, and its outfan 3 must be high level.Like this, these pulse width regulator 19 output high level.At this moment, to capacitor C 205 charging, nor gate IC211A input 1 and 2 current potential also progressively rise power supply+5V, rise to high level until this current potential by potentiometer R214, and the upset of nor gate IC211A outfan 3 current potentials is low level.Therefore, the time of capacitor C 205 chargings is exactly the time that this pulse width regulator 19 keeps high level state.Potentiometer R214, resistance R 220 and capacitor C 205 have been determined the time that pulse width regulator 19 keeps high level state, can the regulating impulse width by regulator potentiometer R214.The pulse width that can regulate is 10 μ s-900ms.

Reset circuit 20 has comprised the noiseproof circuit 24 that resets, initializing circuit 25 and or door IC205A.The noiseproof circuit 24 that resets has comprised nor gate IC201A and IC201B, resistance R 201 and R202, capacitor C 201 and press button Reset.The end of press button Reset is connected on power supply+5V, and the other end is connected the input 2 of nor gate IC201A.One end of resistance R 201 is connected the input 2 of nor gate IC201A, and the other end is connected digitally.One end of capacitor C 201 is connected the outfan 3 of nor gate IC201A, and the other end is connected the input 5 of nor gate IC201B.One end of resistance R 202 is connected the input 5 of nor gate IC201B, and the other end is connected on power supply+5V.The input 6 of nor gate IC201B is connected digitally, and its outfan 4 is connected the input 1 of nor gate IC201A, and as the output of this noiseproof circuit 24 that resets.The operation principle of this circuit is identical with pulsation rate noiseproof circuit 21, and promptly press button Reset is by next time, and this noiseproof circuit 24 that resets is exported a square wave.The output of noiseproof circuit 24 of resetting is connected or the input 1 of door IC205A.

Initializing circuit 25 is made up of reverser IC203E, resistance R 219 and capacitor C 208.One end of capacitor C 208 is connected with the input 11 of reverser IC203E, and the other end is connected digitally.One end of resistance R 219 also is connected the input 11 of reverser IC203E, and the other end is connected power supply+5V.The outfan 10 of reverser IC203E be connected to or the door input 2 of IC205A and energy selector 9 in or the input 5 of door IC205B.Or the outfan 3 of door IC205A is connected in the reset terminal 4, pulsation rate selector 16 of d type flip flop IC213A in the agitator 17 or the reset terminal N5 of door IC205C input 9 and display.

When power-off, capacitor C 208 does not have electric charge.Instantaneous when power supply opening, reverser IC203E input 11 is a low level, and 10 of outfans are high level.Like this, high level signal of initializing circuit 25 outputs is given pulsation rate selector 16, is sent out impulse circuit 18, energy selector 9, display 7, and these circuit were all resetted in the moment of opening power, is in original state.Afterwards, power supply+5V to capacitor C 208 chargings, improves reverser IC203E input 11 by resistance R 219 gradually.When the current potential of reverser IC203E input 11 is brought up to certain value, the state turnover of reverser IC203E outfan 10.At this moment, initializing circuit 25 has been finished when power supply opening, the function that native system is resetted.

Energy selector 9 and NAND gate 10 circuit are selected noiseproof circuit 26, data selector IC202 or door IC205B, are formed with door IC204A-IC204D, reverser IC203A-IC203D by electric capacity, and wherein NAND gate 10 has comprised and door IC204A-IC204D.Electric capacity selects noiseproof circuit 26 to comprise nor gate IC201C and IC201D, resistance R 217 and R218, capacitor C 207 and press button CEC.The end of press button CEC is connected on power supply+5V, and the other end is connected the input 9 of nor gate IC201C.One end of resistance R 217 is connected the input 9 of nor gate IC201C, and the other end is connected digitally.One end of capacitor C 207 is connected the outfan 10 of nor gate IC201C, and the other end is connected the input 12 of nor gate IC201D.One end of resistance R 218 is connected the input 12 of nor gate IC201D, and the other end is connected on power supply+5V.The input 13 of nor gate IC201D is connected digitally, and its outfan 11 is connected the input 8 of nor gate IC201C, and selects the output of noiseproof circuit 26 as this electric capacity.The operation principle of this circuit is identical with pulsation rate noiseproof circuit 21, and promptly press button CEC is by next time, and this electric capacity is selected square wave of noiseproof circuit 26 outputs.

Data selector IC202 outfan 2,3,4,7 be connected respectively to door IC204C input 9 and reverser IC203C input 9, with door IC204D input 12 and reverser IC203B input 3, with door IC204B input 5 and reverser IC203D input 5, with door IC204A input 1 and reverser IC203A input 1, outfan 10 be connected to or the door IC205B input 6, clock end 14 is connected to the output that electric capacity is selected noiseproof circuit 26, and reset terminal 15 is connected to or the outfan 4 of door IC205B.Be connected in parallel with door IC204C input 8, IC204D input 13, IC204B input 6, IC204A input 2, and be connected to the output of pulse width regulator 19.

When initializing circuit 25 to or the door IC205B input 5 input high level signals, then or the door IC205B outfan 4 to data selector IC202 reset terminal 15 input high level signals, data selector IC202 resets, its outfan 3 is a high level, and other outfans 2,4,7,10 are low level.At this moment, NAND gate IC204C and reverser IC203C are enabled, and other NAND gate and reverser are under an embargo.

When press button CEC by next time, a square-wave signal appears in data selector IC202 clock end 14, its outfan 2 is high level from the low level upset, outfan 3 is low level from the high level upset, other outfans 4,7,10 are low level.At this moment, NAND gate IC204D and reverser IC203B are enabled, and other NAND gate and reverser are under an embargo.

Thus, by the press button CEC second time, NAND gate IC204B and reverser IC203D are enabled, and press press button CEC for the third time, and NAND gate IC204A and reverser IC203A are enabled.When by the 4th press button CEC, data selector IC202 outfan 10 is high level from the low level upset, and other outfans 2,3,4,7 are low level.Yet when moment of high level appears in outfan 10, this high level signal resets data selector IC202 by the reset terminal 15 that nor gate IC205B is added in data selector IC202 immediately.At this moment, data selector IC202 returns to original state, and promptly NAND gate IC204C and reverser IC203C are enabled, and other NAND gate and reverser are under an embargo.These four NAND gate IC204A-IC204D and reverser IC203A-IC203D are enabled in turn successively.Like this, this energy selector 9 has realized that four select one function.

Embodiment 4:

Referring to Fig. 5 is display 7 circuit theory diagrams, and it comprises that umber of pulse demonstration 26, pulsation rate demonstration 27, energy selection demonstration 28, pulse voltage show 29.Umber of pulse demonstration 26 is made up of three John's sheng, a reed pipe wind instrument decade computer IC301-IC303, one two cloudy altogether eight sections charactron PN1-2 and one one altogether cloudy eight sections charactron PN3.Three John's sheng, a reed pipe wind instrument decade computer IC301-IC303 clock diablement ends 2 connect digitally, Enable Pin 3, no gate control end 14 meet power supply+5V, reset terminal 15 is connected to the outfan 3 of nor gate IC205A in the reset circuit 20, and outfan is connected respectively to the input of common cloudy eight sections charactron PN1-2 and PN3.The clock end 1 of counting decoder IC301 is connected with the output PN of pulse width regulator 19, to accept to come from the pulse signal of pulse generator 8.The carry end 5 of John's sheng, a reed pipe wind instrument decade computer IC301 is connected to the clock end 1 of IC302, and the carry end 5 of John's sheng, a reed pipe wind instrument decade computer IC302 is connected to the clock end 1 of IC303.Altogether the common port of cloudy eight sections charactron LED with digitally be connected.

When reset circuit 20 sent reset signal and shows 26 to umber of pulse, three John's sheng, a reed pipe wind instrument decade computer IC301-IC303 reset terminals 15 were high level, and three eight sections charactron PN1-2 and PN3 all show 0.When pulse generator 8 sends a pulse when showing 26 to umber of pulse, the clock end 1 of John's sheng, a reed pipe wind instrument decade computer IC301 is accepted this pulse, and makes by this enumerator on the basis that is presented at original numerical value of eight sections charactrons and add 1.When pulse generator 8 sends ten pulses when showing 26 to umber of pulse, the clock end 1 of enumerator IC301 is accepted ten pulses, and carry signal sends to high-positioned counter IC302 from carry end 5, makes enumerator IC302 meter tens.In like manner, enumerator IC303 counts hundred figure places.The result of these counting decoders shows by eight sections corresponding charactrons.

Pulsation rate demonstration 27 is made up of two BCD decoder IC304 and IC305, one two altogether cloudy eight sections charactron PR1-2.Two BCD decoder IC304 and IC305 Enable Pin 5 connect digitally, and sheet choosing end 3 and 4 meets power supply+5V, and input is connected with the output of BCD encoder IC207 in the pulse generator 8, and outfan is connected to the input of common cloudy eight sections charactron PR1-2.The output of BCD encoder IC207 changes in pulse generator 8, and the demonstration of altogether cloudy eight sections charactron PR1-2 changes immediately.

Energy select to show that 28 are made up of light emitting diode E301-E305 and resistance R 307.The negative electrode of light emitting diode E301-E304 is connected with the output of reverser IC203A-IC203D in the energy selector, and anode is parallel-connected to an end of resistance R 307.The other end of resistance R 307 is received power supply+5V.Reverser IC203C is enabled in four reverser IC203A-IC203D in the energy selector, and then its outfan 8 is a low level, and other three reverser IC203A, IC203B, IC203D are under an embargo, and then its outfan 4,6,2 is a high level.Like this, the negative electrode of light emitting diode E301 is a low level, and electric current flows into light emitting diode E301 from power supply+5V by resistance R 307, and this light emitting diode is bright, and other three light emitting diodes are dark.Like this, can indicate energy storage capacitor C103 work, other three energy storage capacitors are not worked.In like manner, light emitting diode E302, E303, E304 can indicate energy storage capacitor C104, C105, C106 work.The negative electrode of light emitting diode E305 is connected the non-end 2 of output of sending out impulse circuit 18D trigger IC213A.Provide pulse when sending out impulse circuit 18, the outfan 1 of d type flip flop IC213A is a high level, and control timing circuit IC210 sends out pulse, simultaneously, exports non-end 2 and is low level, and E305 is bright for the control light emitting diode, and the indication native system has the pulse granting.

Pulse voltage demonstration 29 is made up of A/D change-over circuit IC306, altogether positive eight sections charactron PV1-PV4, resistance R 301-R304, potentiometer R305, capacitor C 301-C304.Tension measuring circuit IC306 is the integrated circuit of a special use, and its function is to be used for measuring and display simulation voltage, for example ICL7107, ICL7106.The inside of tension measuring circuit IC306 has comprised digital circuit (clock generator, frequency divider, enumerator, latch, decoder, phase driven device, logic controller etc.) and analog circuit (buffer, integrator, comparator, analog switch etc.), and adopts dual integration A/D conversion.The voltage input end 31 of A/D change-over circuit IC306 is connected to the outfan of voltage measurement 5, the i.e. center-side of potentiometer R117.The end of resistance R 301, capacitor C 301 and C302 also connects, the other end is connected respectively to the input 28,29,27 of A/D change-over circuit IC306, be used to make the integrating circuit of A/D change-over circuit IC306 inside, capacitor C 301 is an integrating capacitor, resistance R 301 is an integrating resistor, and capacitor C 302 is automatic zero set electric capacity.

Capacitor C 303 is connected A/D change-over circuit IC306 input 33 and 34 two ends, is used for voltage and keeps.One end of resistance R 303 and capacitor C 304 also connects, and be connected to A/D change-over circuit IC306 input 40, the other end is connected respectively to the input 39 and 38 of A/D change-over circuit IC306, produce vibration to be used for A/D change-over circuit IC306 internal clock generator, its frequency of oscillation can be estimated with following formula:

$f\&ap;\frac{0.455}{\mathrm{RC}}$

Work as R=R303=100K, C=C304=100p, so, f ≈ 48kHz.Because of finishing an A/D conversion, ICL 7107 needs 16000 clock pulses, so the measuring rate of voltage indicator is f/16000=3 time/s.

Two terminals of potentiometer R305 are connected with the end of resistance R 302 and R304 respectively, center-side is connected to the reference potential input 36 of A/D change-over circuit IC306, and the other end of resistance R 302 and R304 is connected respectively to that simulation ground and dual power supply 31 provide+the 5Ve power supply.This bleeder circuit provides reference potential V for A/D change-over circuit IC306 _REF, with to input voltage V _iCarry out counter values and show that show value is:

$N=\frac{1000}{V_{\mathrm{REF}}}{V}_i$

Reference potential V _REFWith input voltage V _iRange relevant, ICL 7107 has 200mV and two kinds of ranges of 2V, their reference potential V _REFBe respectively 100.0mV and 1.000V.Native system has adopted the 2V range, and its reference potential is 1.000V, and this bleeder circuit produces the reference potential of 1.000V.

The outfan of A/D change-over circuit IC306 is connected respectively to four inputs of eight sections charactron PV1-PV4 of sun altogether.Four altogether the common port of eight sections charactron PV1-PV4 of sun be connected that dual power supply 31 provides+the 5Ve power supply on.

Embodiment 5:

Referring to Fig. 6 is the circuit theory diagrams of power supply 11 and floating ground of power supply circuit 30, and power supply 11 is made up of mains transformer T401, dual power supply 31 and single supply 32, on and off switch S401, fuse F401 and supply socket J401.The input 1 of supply socket J401 is connected on and off switch S401, input 2 is connected to fuse F401, and the other end of on and off switch S401 and fuse F401 is connected respectively to the former limit of mains transformer T401.On and off switch S401 is single-pole double throw, can switch between 110V and 220V power supply.Mains transformer T401 has two group of three outfan secondary, one group of two outfan secondary, and they are connected on floating ground of power supply circuit 30, dual power supply 31 and the single supply 32 of floating ground circuit 6.Floating ground of power supply circuit 30 comprises bridge heap B401, voltage-reg-ulator tube IC401 and IC402, capacitor C 401-C408.One group of secondary T401B of mains transformer T401 is connected to the input of bridge heap B401, and the output of bridge heap B401 is connected to the input 1 of voltage-reg-ulator tube IC401 and the input 2 of IC402.The center-side 2 of mains transformer T401 secondary T401B is as the ground end 2 and 1 that digitally is connected voltage-reg-ulator tube IC401 and IC402.Capacitor C 401 and C403 be connected the input 1 of voltage-reg-ulator tube IC401 and digitally between, capacitor C 402 and C404 be connected the input 2 of voltage-reg-ulator tube IC402 and digitally between, capacitor C 405 and C407 be connected the outfan 3 of voltage-reg-ulator tube IC401 and digitally between, capacitor C 406 and C408 be connected the outfan 3 of voltage-reg-ulator tube IC402 and digitally between.

When on and off switch S401 closure, the power current on the supply socket J401 is by on and off switch S401, the former limit of mains transformer T401, fuse F401.At this moment, mains transformer T401 secondary T401B produces induced voltage.This induced voltage is unidirectional current by bridge heap B401 with AC rectification, and capacitor C 401-C404 reduces this galvanic ripple voltage.Voltage-reg-ulator tube IC401 is stabilized in this unidirectional current+5V, and IC402 is stabilized in this unidirectional current-5V.Capacitor C 405-C408 regulated output voltage.Like this, the outfan 3 of voltage-reg-ulator tube IC401 and IC402 and IC402 outfan 3 respectively output+5V and-5V voltage.

Mains transformer T401 secondary T402 is connected dual power supply 31.Dual power supply 31 comprises bridge heap B402, voltage-reg-ulator tube IC403 and IC404, capacitor C 409-C416.The a pair of input 1 and 3 of bridge heap B402 is connected to two terminals 1 and 3 of one group of second group of secondary T402 of mains transformer T401, and another is connected respectively to voltage-reg-ulator tube IC403 input and IC404 input 2 to outfan 2 and 4.The center-side 2 of second group of secondary T402 of mains transformer T401 as the ground end 2 and 1 that is connected voltage-reg-ulator tube IC403 and IC404 with simulating.Capacitor C 409 and C411 are connected between the input 1 and simulation ground of voltage-reg-ulator tube IC403, capacitor C 410 and C412 are connected between the input 2 and simulation ground of voltage-reg-ulator tube IC404, capacitor C 413 and C415 are connected between the outfan 3 and simulation ground of voltage-reg-ulator tube IC403, and capacitor C 414 and C416 are connected between the outfan 3 and simulation ground of voltage-reg-ulator tube IC402.Floating ground of the operation principle of dual power supply 31 and power supply circuit 30 is identical, and output+5V and-5V voltage, be designated as+5Ve and-5Ve.

Mains transformer T401 secondary T403 is connected dual power supply 32.Dual power supply 32 comprises bridge heap B403, voltage-reg-ulator tube IC405, capacitor C 417-C420.The a pair of input 1 and 3 of bridge heap B402 is connected to the 3rd group of secondary T403 two ends 1 and 2 of mains transformer T401, and another is connected respectively to input 1 and the ground end 2 of voltage-reg-ulator tube IC405 to outfan 2 and 4.Capacitor C 417 and C418 are connected between the input 1 and simulation ground of voltage-reg-ulator tube IC405, and capacitor C 419 and C420 are connected between the outlet tube 3 and simulation ground of voltage-reg-ulator tube IC405.The operation principle of dual power supply 32 is identical with floating ground of power supply circuit 30, but its output+12V.

The secondary T401B of mains transformer T401 and secondary T402 and T403 directly are not electrically connected.Like this, the output voltage of the floating ground of power supply circuit 30 and digitally with the output voltage of dual power supply 31 and single supply 32 be separated from each other with simulating, the output voltage of dual power supply 31 and single supply 32 changes can not have influence on floating ground of power supply circuit 30, has realized the function on the floating ground of power supply in the floating ground circuit 6.

Claims (9)

1. electric perforating system for transdermal medication, it is by voltage generator (1), energy storage capacitor group (2), load (3), energy switch group (4), voltage measurement (5), floating ground circuit (6), display (7), pulse generator (8), energy selector (9), NAND gate (10) and power supply (11) are formed, it is characterized in that: voltage generator (1) output N1 is connected to the input of energy switch group (4), also be connected to simultaneously the input of voltage measurement (5), contact N4 in the energy switch group (4) is connected energy storage capacitor group (2), the output N2 of energy switch group (4) is connected to load (3), the control end N3 of energy switch group (4) is connected with the output of floating ground circuit (6), the input of floating ground circuit (6) is connected with the output of NAND gate (10), an input of NAND gate (10) is connected with the output of pulse generator (8), another input of NAND gate (10) is connected with the output of energy selector (9), the output of the output of pulse generator (8) and energy selector (9) is connected respectively to the input of display (7), the output of voltage measurement (5) also is connected to the input of display (7), and the output of power supply (11) is connected respectively to voltage generator (1), energy switch group (4), on the floating ground circuit (6).

2. a kind of electric perforating system for transdermal medication as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: voltage generator (1) comprises multivibrator (13), push-pull signal generator (14) and push-pull converter (15), the output of multivibrator (13) is connected the input of push-pull signal generator (14), the output of push-pull signal generator (14) is connected the input of push-pull converter (15), multivibrator (13) produces the square-wave signal of 10-100KHz, push-pull signal generator (14) produces two square-wave signals that phase place is opposite, be used to control push-pull converter (15) and produce alternating voltage, finally produce the also output voltage of regulation voltage generator (1) by the frequency of regulating multivibrator (13) square-wave signal.

3. a kind of electric perforating system for transdermal medication as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: transformator T101 turn ratio N is 1: 100-1: between 300, the push-pull signal frequency is between the 5-50KHz, and voltage generator (1) output voltage is between 50-400V.

4. a kind of electric perforating system for transdermal medication as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: energy switch group (4) has four energy switch unit that circuit structure is identical, the switching of the above voltage of 400V is realized in each energy switch unit by double-pole double-throw relay, emitter and collector, the resistance of photoelectrical coupler are connected in series in transistor base in the energy switch unit, the floating ground circuit 6, the pulse signal of energy switch unit controls end N3 can be controlled the conducting of audion, makes double-pole double-throw relay switch to normal opened contact from normally closed contact.

5. a kind of electric perforating system for transdermal medication as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: four energy storage capacitors are arranged in the energy storage capacitor group (2), energy selector (9) selects for use in four energy storage capacitors one as mutual capacitance, the capacitance of four energy storage capacitors is between 1 μ F-1000 μ F, when voltage generator (1) output voltage between 50-400V, accumulation of energy is Continuous Selection in the 0.00125J-80J scope.

6. a kind of electric perforating system for transdermal medication as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: floating ground circuit (6) comprises power supply floating ground circuit (30) and floating ground of signal circuit (33), signal floating ground circuit (33) has four photoelectrical couplers, their light-emitting diodes tube anode is connected to floating ground of power supply circuit (30) by resistance, negative electrode is connected to the output of NAND gate (10), and power supply floating ground circuit (30) is that pulse generator (8), energy selector (9), NAND gate (10) and signal floating ground circuit (33) provides ± the 5V power supply.

7. a kind of electric perforating system for transdermal medication as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: pulse generator (8) produces the pulse signal of pulse width in 100 μ s-900ms scopes.

8. a kind of electric perforating system for transdermal medication as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: energy selector (9) can only be exported four and select a signal, and this signal enables pairing NAND gate (10), the pulse signal that pulse generator (8) takes place discharges to load (3) by a pairing energy storage capacitor in this NAND gate that is enabled (10) and signal floating ground circuit (33) the control energy storage capacitor group (2), load (3) comprises skin load RL and the potentiometer R119 in parallel with it, and the percutaneous energy of skin load RL is regulated with potentiometer R119.

9. a kind of electric perforating system for transdermal medication as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: power supply (11) comprises transformator T401, dual power supply (31) and single supply (32), one group of secondary T401B of transformator T401 is connected with power supply floating ground circuit (30) in the power supply (11), dual power supply (31) is that voltage generator (1), energy switch group (4) provide ± the 5V power supply, single supply (32) is that voltage generator (1), energy switch group (4) provide+the 12V power supply, and power supply floating ground circuit (30) directly is not electrically connected with dual power supply (31) and single supply (32).

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